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PART IV

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

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FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

For the transition period from                to                

Commission file number 1-6263

AAR CORP.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

One AAR Place, 1100 N. Wood Dale Road, Wood Dale, Illinois 60191
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (630) 227-2000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

         Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ý No o

         Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No ý

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No o

         Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.    ý

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

         If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No ý

         The aggregate market value of the registrant's voting stock held by nonaffiliates was approximately $1,355 million (based upon the closing price of the Common Stock at November 30, 2016 as reported on the New York Stock Exchange).

         On June 30, 2017, there were 34,396,501 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

Documents Incorporated by Reference

         Portions of the Company's proxy statement for the Company's 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be held October 11, 2017, are incorporated by reference in Part III of this report.

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PART I

ITEM 1.    BUSINESS

General

        AAR CORP. and its subsidiaries are referred to herein collectively as "AAR," "Company," "we," "us," and "our" unless the context indicates otherwise. AAR was founded in 1951, organized in 1955 and reincorporated in Delaware in 1966. We are a diversified provider of products and services to the worldwide aviation and government and defense markets.

        Beginning in fiscal 2015, we implemented a comprehensive strategic plan to narrow our strategy to focus on our best in class aviation and expeditionary services through our two business segments: Aviation Services and Expeditionary Services. We sold our Telair Cargo Group for cash of $714 million, resulting in pre-tax gains of $198.6 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015 (and $27.7 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2016 from the receipt of contingent consideration). We used the proceeds from the sale in fiscal 2015 to reduce our total debt by $480 million and we returned capital to shareholders through $151.5 million in common stock repurchases and $12.5 million of dividends.

        In fiscal 2016, our Aviation Services segment succeeded in expanding customer relationships and securing new program work with multiple international carriers. In our Expeditionary Services segment, we completed the successful start-up of our new contract with the U.K. Ministry of Defence providing search and rescue services in the Falkland Islands. We maintained our focus on shareholder return through additional common stock repurchases of $18.8 million and dividends of $10.4 million.

        In fiscal 2017, we increased our Aviation Services segment revenues by securing additional flight hour component inventory management and repair programs from our commercial airline customers and investing in our capacity and business development resources. During fiscal 2017, our investment in business development resulted in the award of new contracts from commercial operators, including South African Airways, Air New Zealand, flydubai, CommutAir, Allegiant Air, Small Planet Airlines, Enter Air, SaudiGulf, and ASL Aviation Holdings. Also during fiscal 2017, we invested over $80 million in rotable assets to support our commercial aviation programs. We started to recognize revenue and income in fiscal 2017 on most of these contract awards and expect to continue the ramp-up in fiscal 2018.

        On September 1, 2016, the Department of State awarded AAR Airlift Group, Inc. the contract for INL/A Global Aviation Support Services. This contract will leverage our capabilities in aviation services, including flight operations, supply chain logistics, and other services. The potential duration of this contract is 11 years and the potential revenue stream, including all related task orders, is $10 billion. The incumbent contractor filed a protest that was denied by the United States Government Accountability Office in December 2016 and subsequently filed a separate protest with the United States Court of Federal Claims ("COFC"). The COFC stayed the contract award to AAR Airlift pending its decision on the protest. The COFC's decision on the protest is expected on or before October 31, 2017.

        In our Expeditionary Services segment, the government markets we serve in support of troop movements and related activities continue to be weak with revenue and earnings significantly lower than peak levels.

        As we enter fiscal 2018, we remain in a strong financial position to further execute on our strategy as a best in class aviation and expeditionary services company. Our cash on hand plus unused capacity on our Revolving Credit Facility was $366 million at May 31, 2017. We expect to invest opportunistically in expanding our comprehensive suite of services to the global commercial aviation and government and defense markets. We continue to have the flexibility in our balance sheet allowing us to invest in our growth. As we generate positive cash flow, we will continue our past strategy of returning capital to our shareholders without hampering our future operating flexibility.

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Business Segments

Aviation Services

        The Aviation Services segment provides aftermarket support and services for the commercial aviation and government and defense markets and accounted for 84%, 84%, and 81% of our sales in fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. In this segment, we also provide inventory management and distribution services, maintenance, repair and overhaul ("MRO"), and engineering services. Business activities in this segment are primarily conducted through AAR Supply Chain, Inc. (formerly known as AAR Parts Trading, Inc.); AAR Aircraft & Engine Sales & Leasing, Inc.; AAR Aircraft Services, Inc.; AAR Allen Services, Inc.; AAR Landing Gear LLC; and AAR International, Inc.

        We sell and lease a wide variety of new, overhauled and repaired engine and airframe parts and components to our commercial aviation and government/defense customers.

        We provide customized flight hour component inventory and repair programs, warranty claim management, and outsourcing programs for engine and airframe parts and components in support of our airline and government customers' maintenance activities. The types of services provided under these programs include material planning, sourcing, logistics, information and program management, and parts and component repair and overhaul. We are also an authorized distributor for more than 70 leading aviation product manufacturers.

        We also provide customized performance-based supply chain logistics programs in support of the U.S. Department of Defense ("DoD") and foreign governments. The types of services provided under these programs include material planning, sourcing, logistics, information and program management, airframe maintenance and maintenance planning, and component repair and overhaul.

        We provide major airframe inspection, maintenance, repair and overhaul, painting services, line maintenance, airframe modifications, structural repairs, avionic service and installation, exterior and interior refurbishment, and engineering services and support for many types of commercial and military aircraft. We also repair and overhaul various components, landing gears, wheels, and brakes for commercial and military aircraft.

        We operate five airframe maintenance facilities and one landing gear overhaul facility. Our landing gear overhaul facility is in Miami, Florida, where we repair and overhaul landing gear, wheels, brakes, and actuators for different types of commercial and military aircraft. Our airframe maintenance facilities are in Indianapolis, Indiana; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Duluth, Minnesota; Miami, Florida; and Rockford, Illinois. In fiscal 2017, we transitioned our facility in Lake Charles, Louisiana from an airframe maintenance facility to a more limited operation focused on painting services.

        Activities in our Aviation Services segment also include the sale and lease of used commercial aircraft. Each sale or lease is negotiated as a separate agreement that includes term, price, representations, warranties, and lease return provisions. During fiscal 2015, we sold our last two remaining wholly-owned aircraft and one aircraft owned with joint venture partners. At May 31, 2017, our remaining portfolio consisted of two aircraft owned through joint ventures.

        The majority of our product sales are made pursuant to standard commercial purchase orders. U.S. government sales are generally made under standard types of government contracts, including definite contracts which call for the performance of specified services or the delivery of specified products and ID/IQ (i.e., indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity) contracts. Certain inventory supply and management and performance-based logistics program agreements reflect negotiated terms and conditions.

        To support activities within the Aviation Services segment, we acquire aviation parts and components from domestic and foreign airlines, independent aviation service companies, aircraft leasing companies, and original equipment manufacturers ("OEM"s). We have ongoing arrangements with OEMs that provide us access to parts, repair manuals, and service bulletins in support of parts manufactured by them.

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Although the terms of each arrangement vary, they typically are made on standard OEM terms as to duration, price, and delivery. From time to time, we purchase engines for disassembly into individual parts and components. These engines may be leased to airlines on a short-term basis prior to disassembly.

Expeditionary Services

        The Expeditionary Services segment consists of businesses that primarily provide products and services supporting the movement of equipment and personnel by the DoD, foreign governments and non-governmental organizations. The Expeditionary Services segment accounted for 16%, 16%, and 19% of our sales in fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Business activities in this segment are primarily conducted through AAR Airlift Group, Inc.; AAR Manufacturing, Inc. and Brown International Corporation.

        We provide expeditionary airlift services to the United States and other government customers. Our expeditionary airlift services provide fixed-wing and rotary-wing flight operations. These operations include search and rescue operations and the transportion of personnel and cargo principally in support of the DoD. We operate and maintain a fleet of special mission customized fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft, principally in Afghanistan, Falkland Islands, and Northern Africa. We hold FAR Part 133 and 135 certificates to operate aircraft and a FAR Part 145 certificate to operate a repair station. We are also Commercial Airlift Review Board certified with the DoD.

        We design, manufacture, and repair transportation pallets, and a wide variety of containers and shelters used in support of military and humanitarian tactical deployment activities. The containers and shelters are used in numerous mission requirements, including armories, supply and parts storage, refrigeration systems, tactical operation centers, briefing rooms, laundry and kitchen facilities, water treatment, and sleeping quarters. Shelters include both stationary and vehicle-mounted applications.

        We also provide engineering, design, and system integration services for specialized command and control systems and design and manufacture advanced composite materials for commercial, business and military aircraft.

        Sales in this segment are made to customers pursuant to standard commercial purchase orders and contracts. U.S. government sales are generally made under standard types of government contracts, including definite contracts which call for the performance of specified services or the delivery of specified products and ID/IQ (i.e., indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity) contracts. The majority of our products and services are procured via definite contracts. We purchase raw materials for this segment, including steel, aluminum, extrusions, balsa, and other necessary supplies from several vendors.

Raw Materials

        Although we generated 54% of our fiscal 2017 sales from the sale of products, our businesses are generally engaged in limited manufacturing activities and have minimal exposure to fluctuations in both the availability and pricing of raw materials. Where necessary, we have been able to obtain raw materials and other inventory items from numerous sources for each segment at competitive prices, terms, and conditions, and we expect to be able to continue to do so.

Terms of Sale

        We generally sell our products and services under standard 30-day payment terms. On occasion, certain customers, principally foreign customers, will negotiate extended payment terms of 60-90 days. Except for customary warranty provisions, customers neither have the right to return products nor do they have the right to extended financing. Our contracts with the DoD and its contractors and other governmental agencies are typically firm agreements to provide products and services at a fixed price or on

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a time and material basis, and have a term of one year or less, frequently subject to extension for one or more additional periods of one year at the option of the government customer.

Customers

        The principal customers for our products and services in the Aviation Services segment are domestic and foreign commercial airlines, domestic and foreign freight airlines, regional and commuter airlines, business and general aviation operators, OEMs, aircraft leasing companies, aftermarket aviation support companies, the DoD and its contractors, and foreign military organizations or governments. In the Expeditionary Services segment, our principal customers include the DoD and its contractors, foreign governmental, defense organizations, and OEMs.

        Sales of aviation products and services to our commercial airline customers are generally affected by such factors as the number, type and average age of aircraft in service, the levels of aircraft utilization (e.g., frequency of schedules), the number of airline operators, the general economy, and the level of sales of new and used aircraft. Sales to the DoD and other government agencies are subject to a number of factors, including the level of troop deployment worldwide, government funding, competitive bidding, and requirements generated by worldwide geopolitical events.

        We primarily market and sell products and services through our own employees. In certain markets outside of the United States, we rely on foreign sales representatives to assist in the sale of our products and services.

Sales to Government and Defense Customers

        Sales to global government and defense customers (including sales to branches, agencies, and departments of the U.S. government) were $597.6 million (33.8% of consolidated sales), $652.8 million (38.4% of consolidated sales) and $592.3 million (36.5% of consolidated sales) in fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Sales to branches, agencies, and departments of the U.S. government and their contractors were $454.8 million (25.7% of consolidated sales), $523.6 million (30.8% of consolidated sales), and $495.6 million (30.6% of consolidated sales) in fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Sales to government and defense customers are reported in each of our reportable segments (See Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). Since such sales are subject to competitive bidding and government funding, no assurance can be given that such sales will continue at levels previously experienced. The majority of our U.S. government contracts are for products and services supporting the DoD logistics and mobility strategy, as well as for expeditionary airlift services. Thus, our government contracts have changed, and may continue to change, with fluctuations in defense and other governmental agency spending. Our government contracts are also subject to termination by the customer; in the event of such a termination, we are entitled to recover all allowable costs incurred by us through the date of termination.

Government Regulation and Certificates

        The Federal Aviation Administration ("FAA") regulates the manufacture, repair, and operation of all aircraft and aircraft parts operated in the United States. Similar rules and regulatory authorities exist in other countries. The inspection, maintenance and repair procedures for the various types of aircraft and equipment are prescribed by these regulatory authorities and can be performed only by certified repair facilities utilizing certified technicians. The FAA requires that various maintenance routines be performed on aircraft engines, certain engine parts, and airframes at regular intervals based on take off and landing cycles or flight time. Our businesses which sell defense products and services directly to the U.S. government or through its contractors can be subject to various laws and regulations governing pricing and other factors.

        We have 13 FAA certificated repair stations in the United States and Europe. Of the 13 certificated FAA repair stations, eight are also European Aviation Safety Agency ("EASA") certificated repair stations.

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Such certificates, which are ongoing in duration, are required for us to perform authorized maintenance, repair and overhaul services for our customers and are subject to revocation by the government for non-compliance with applicable regulations. Of the 13 FAA certificated repair stations, 12 are in the Aviation Services segment and one is in the Expeditionary Services segment. The eight EASA certificated repair stations are in the Aviation Services segment. We also hold FAR Part 133 and 135 certificates to operate aircraft in our Expeditionary Services segment. We are also Commercial Airlift Review Board certified with the DoD. We believe that we possess all licenses and certifications that are material to the conduct of our business.

Competition

        Competition in each of our markets is based on quality, ability to provide a broad range of products and services, speed of delivery, and price. Competitors in our Aviation Services segment include OEMs, the service divisions of large commercial airlines, and other independent suppliers of parts, repair, and overhaul services to the commercial and defense markets. Our Expeditionary Services segment competes with domestic and foreign contracting companies and a number of divisions of large corporations and other large and small companies. Although certain of our competitors have substantially greater financial and other resources than we do, we believe that we have maintained a satisfactory competitive position through our responsiveness to customer needs, our attention to quality, and our unique combination of market expertise and technical and financial capabilities.

Backlog

        Backlog represents the amount of revenue that we expect to derive from unshipped orders or signed contracts. At May 31, 2017, backlog was approximately $769.4 million compared to $978.7 million at May 31, 2016. Approximately $366.3 million of our May 31, 2017 backlog is expected to be filled within the next 12 months.

Employees

        At May 31, 2017, we employed approximately 4,600 employees worldwide, of which approximately 125 employees are subject to a collective bargaining agreement. We also retain approximately 750 contract workers, the majority of whom are located at our airframe maintenance facilities.

Available Information

        For additional information concerning our business segments, see Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and "Business Segment Information" in Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."

        Our internet address is www.aarcorp.com. We make available free of charge through our web site our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish such material to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. Information contained on our web site is not a part of this report.

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ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS

        The following is a description of the principal risks inherent in our business.

We are affected by factors that adversely impact the commercial aviation industry.

        As a provider of products and services to the commercial aviation industry, we are greatly affected by overall economic conditions of that industry. The commercial aviation industry is historically cyclical and has been negatively affected in the past by geopolitical events, high fuel and oil prices, lack of capital, and weak economic conditions. As a result of these and other events, from time to time certain of our customers have filed for bankruptcy protection or ceased operation. The impact of instability in the global financial markets may lead airlines to reduce domestic or international capacity. In addition, certain of our airline customers have in the past been impacted by tight credit markets, which limited their ability to buy parts, services, engines, and aircraft.

        A reduction in the operating fleet of aircraft both in the U.S. and abroad will result in reduced demand for parts support and maintenance activities for the type of aircraft affected. Further, tight credit conditions negatively impact the amount of liquidity available to buy parts, services, engines, and aircraft. A deteriorating airline environment may also result in additional airline bankruptcies, and in such circumstances we may not be able to fully collect outstanding accounts receivable. Reduced demand from customers caused by weak economic conditions, including tight credit conditions and customer bankruptcies, may adversely impact our financial condition or results of operations.

        Our business, financial condition, results of operations, and growth rates may be adversely affected by these and other events that impact the aviation industry, including the following:

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deterioration in the financial condition of our existing and potential customers;



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reductions in the need for, or the deferral of, aircraft maintenance and repair services and spare parts support;



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retirement of older generation aircraft, resulting in lower prices for spare parts and services for those aircraft;



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reductions in demand for used aircraft and engines;



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increased in-house maintenance by airlines;



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lack of parts in the marketplace;



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acts of terrorism;



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future outbreaks of infectious diseases; and



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acts of God.

Our U.S. government contracts may not continue at present sales levels, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

        Our sales to branches, agencies and departments of the U.S. government and their contractors were $454.8 million (25.7% of consolidated sales) in fiscal 2017 (See Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). The majority of our U.S. government contracts is for products and services supporting DoD logistics and mobility strategy, as well as for expeditionary airlift services and is, therefore, subject to changes in defense and other governmental agency funding and spending. Our contracts with the U.S. government, including the DoD and its contractors, are typically agreements to provide products and services at a fixed price and have a term of one year or less, frequently subject to extension for one or more additional periods of one year at the option of the government customer. Sales to agencies of the U.S. government and their contractors are subject to a number of factors, including the level of troop

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deployment worldwide, competitive bidding, U.S. government funding, requirements generated by world events, and budgetary constraints.

        U.S. government programs are subject to annual congressional budget authorization and appropriation processes. In recent years, U.S. government appropriations have been affected by larger U.S. government budgetary issues and related legislation. The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 (the "Budget Act") which raised the statutory limit on the amount of permissible federal debt (the debt ceiling) until March 2017 and raised the sequester caps imposed by the Budget Control Act of 2011. The suspension of the federal debt limit has not been extended beyond March 2017 which could negatively affect the timely collection of our U.S. government invoices.

        Future congressional appropriation and authorization of defense spending and the application of sequestration remain marked by significant debate and an uncertain schedule. The federal debt limit continues to be actively debated as plans for long-term national fiscal policy are discussed. The outcome of these debates could have a significant impact on defense spending broadly and programs we support in particular.

        If the existing federal debt limit is not raised, we may be required to continue to perform for some period of time on certain of our U.S. government contracts even if the U.S. government is unable to make timely payments. Future budget cuts, including cuts mandated by sequestration, or future procurement decisions could result in reductions, cancellations, and/or delays of existing contracts or programs which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We face risks of cost overruns and losses on fixed-price contracts.

        We sell certain of our products and services to our commercial, government, and defense customers under firm contracts providing for fixed unit prices, regardless of costs incurred by us. The cost of producing products or providing services may be adversely affected by increases in the cost of labor, materials, fuel, overhead, and other unknown variants, including manufacturing and other operational inefficiencies and differences between assumptions used by us to price a contract and actual results. Increased costs may result in cost overruns and losses on such contracts, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Success at our airframe maintenance facilities is dependent upon continued outsourcing by the airlines.

        We currently perform airframe maintenance, repair and overhaul activities at five leased facilities. Revenues at these facilities fluctuate based on demand for maintenance which, in turn, is driven by the number of aircraft operating and the extent of outsourcing of maintenance activities by airlines. In addition, certain airlines operate certain new fleet types and/or newer generation aircraft and we may not have contractual arrangements to service these aircraft nor technicians trained and certified to perform the required airframe maintenance, repair and overhaul activities. If either the number of aircraft operating or the level of outsourcing of maintenance activities declines, we may not be able to execute our operational and financial plans at our maintenance, repair and overhaul facilities, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We operate in highly competitive markets, and competitive pressures may adversely affect us.

        The markets for our products and services to our commercial, government, and defense customers are highly competitive, and we face competition from a number of sources, both domestic and international. Our competitors include aircraft manufacturers, aircraft component and parts manufacturers, airline and aircraft service companies, other companies providing maintenance, repair and overhaul services, other aircraft spare parts distributors and redistributors, and other expeditionary airlift service providers. Some of our competitors have substantially greater financial and other resources than we have and others may price their products and services below our selling prices. We believe that our ability to compete depends

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on superior customer service and support, on-time delivery, sufficient inventory availability, competitive pricing and effective quality assurance programs.

        Our government customers, including the DoD, may turn to commercial contractors, rather than traditional defense contractors, for certain work, or may utilize small business contractors or determine to source work internally rather than use us. We are also impacted by bid protests from unsuccessful bidders on new program awards. Bid protests could result in significant expense for us, contract modifications, or the award decision being overturned and loss of the contract award. Even where a bid protest does not result in the loss of an award, the resolution can extend the time until the contract activity can begin, and delay earnings. These competitive pressures, with potential impacts on both our commercial and government business, could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We are subject to significant government regulation and may need to incur significant expenses to comply with new or more stringent governmental regulation.

        The aviation industry is highly regulated by the FAA in the United States and equivalent regulatory agencies in other countries. Before we sell any of our products that are to be installed in an aircraft, such as engines, engine parts and components, and airframe and accessory parts and components, they must meet certain standards of airworthiness established by the FAA or the equivalent regulatory agencies in certain other countries. We operate repair stations that are licensed by the FAA and the equivalent regulatory agencies in certain other countries, and hold certificates to operate aircraft. Specific regulations vary from country to country, although regulatory requirements in other countries are generally satisfied by compliance with FAA requirements. New and more stringent governmental regulations may be adopted in the future that, if enacted, may have an adverse impact on us.

        If any of our material licenses, certificates, authorizations, or approvals were revoked or suspended by the FAA or equivalent regulatory agencies in other countries, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

If we fail to comply with government procurement laws and regulations, we could lose business and be liable for various penalties or sanctions.

        We must comply with laws and regulations relating to the formation, administration, and performance of U.S. government contracts. These laws and regulations include the Federal Acquisition Regulations, Defense Federal Acquisition Regulations, the Truth in Negotiations Act, Cost Accounting Standards, and laws, regulations, and orders restricting the use and dissemination of classified information under the U.S. export control laws and the export of certain products and technical information. Certain government contracts provide audit rights by government agencies, including with respect to performance, costs, internal controls and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. In complying with these laws and regulations, we may incur significant costs, and non-compliance may result in the imposition of fines and penalties, including contractual damages. If we fail to comply with these laws and regulations or if a government audit, review, or investigation uncovers improper or illegal activities, we may be subject to civil penalties, criminal penalties, or administrative sanctions, including suspension or debarment from contracting with the U.S. government. Our reputation could suffer harm if allegations of impropriety were made or found against us, which could adversely affect our operating performance and may result in additional expenses and possible loss of revenue.

A significant portion of our expeditionary airlift revenue is derived from providing expeditionary airlift services in Afghanistan.

        Our expeditionary airlift business derives a significant portion of its revenue from providing expeditionary airlift services in Afghanistan for the DoD. The U.S. has been reducing military activities in Afghanistan and the number of troops in Afghanistan is currently less than 10,000. Our expeditionary

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airlift services revenue will likely experience further declines should troop reductions occur in Afghanistan or we do not receive task orders for future services under our indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity contract awards.

        We are bidding on expeditionary airlift contracts in other regions supporting both DoD and non-DoD customers, although there can be no assurance we will be awarded any of these contracts. Although we expect ongoing demand for expeditionary airlift services in Afghanistan and other regions from the DoD and other governmental departments, we are exposed to the risk that our expeditionary airlift revenues may further decline if contracts are not renewed, renewed only in part, or are terminated, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. If we are unable to successfully redeploy aircraft not actively supporting current customers at favorable rates or sell them on favorable terms, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

        U.S. government contractors that provide support services in theaters of conflict such as Afghanistan have come under increasing scrutiny by agency inspectors general, government auditors and congressional committees. Investigations pursued by any or all of these groups may result in additional expense, adverse publicity for us and reputational harm, regardless of the underlying merit of the allegations being investigated.

We are exposed to risks associated with operating internationally.

        We conduct our business in a number of foreign countries, some of which are politically unstable or subject to military or civil conflicts. Consequently, we are subject to a variety of risks that are specific to international operations, including the following:

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military conflicts, civil strife, and political risks;



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export regulations that could erode profit margins or restrict exports;



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compliance with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, United Kingdom ("UK") Anti-bribery Act, and other anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws;



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the burden and cost of compliance with foreign laws, treaties, and technical standards and changes in those regulations;



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contract award and funding delays;



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potential restrictions on transfers of funds;



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import and export duties and value added taxes;



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foreign exchange risk;



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transportation delays and interruptions;



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uncertainties arising from foreign local business practices and cultural considerations; and



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changes in U.S. policies on trade relations and trade policy, including implementation of or changes in trade sanctions, tariffs, and embargoes.

        In addition, the UK held a referendum in 2016 in which voters approved an exit from the European Union ("EU"). On March 29, 2017, the UK government commenced the exit process under Article 50 of the Treaty of the EU by notifying the European Council of the UK's intention to leave the EU. This notification starts a two-year time period for the UK and the remaining EU countries to negotiate a withdrawal agreement. The terms of the UK's potential exit from the EU have yet to be determined and it is possible there will be greater restrictions on imports and exports between the UK and EU countries along with increased regulatory complexities.

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        While we have adopted and will continue to adopt measures to reduce the potential impact of losses resulting from the risks of doing business internationally, such measures may not be adequate, and the regions in which we operate might not continue to be stable enough to allow us to operate profitably or at all.

Acquisitions expose us to risks, including the risk that we may be unable to effectively integrate acquired businesses.

        We explore and have discussions with third parties regarding acquisitions on a regular basis. Acquisitions involve risks, including difficulties in integrating the operations and personnel, the effects of amortization of any acquired intangible assets and the potential impairment of goodwill, and the potential loss of key employees of the acquired business. In addition, acquisitions often require substantial management resources and have the potential to divert our attention from our existing business. For any businesses we may acquire in the future, we may not be able to execute our operational, financial, or integration plans for the acquired businesses, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Market values for our aviation products fluctuate, and we may be unable to re-lease or sell aircraft and engines when their current leases expire.

        We make a number of assumptions when determining the recoverability of aircraft, engines, and other assets which are on lease or available for lease. These assumptions include historical sales trends, current and expected usage trends, replacement values, current and expected lease rates, residual values, future demand, and future cash flows. Reductions in demand for these assets or declining market values, as well as differences between actual results and the assumptions utilized by us when determining the recoverability of our aircraft, engines, and other assets could result in impairment charges in future periods, which would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

        We lease aircraft and engines to our customers on an operating lease basis. Our ability to re-lease or sell these assets on acceptable terms when the lease expires is subject to a number of factors which drive industry capacity, including new aircraft deliveries, availability of used aircraft and engines in the marketplace, competition, financial condition of our customers, overall health of the airline industry, and general economic conditions. Our inability to re-lease or sell aircraft and engines could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We may need to reduce the carrying value of our assets.

        We own and distribute a significant amount of aircraft, aircraft parts and components, and manufacturing facilities and related equipment. The removal of aircraft from service or recurring losses in certain operations could require us to evaluate the recoverability of the carrying value of those assets and record an impairment charge through earnings to reduce the carrying value. We recognized impairment charges and other losses of $71.4 million in fiscal 2015 related to our actions to address underperforming product lines and inventories. In addition, if aircraft or engines for which we offer replacement parts or supply repair and overhaul services are retired and there are fewer aircraft that require these parts or services, our revenues may decline.

        We have recorded goodwill and other intangible assets related to acquisitions. If we are unable to achieve the projected levels of operating results, it may be necessary to record an impairment charge to reduce the carrying value of goodwill and related intangible assets. Similarly, if we were to lose a key customer or one of our airframe maintenance or landing gear facilities were to lose its authority to operate, we might be required to record an impairment charge.

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We are dependent upon continued availability of financing to manage our business and to execute our business strategy, and additional financing may not be available on terms acceptable to us.

        Our ability to manage our business and to execute our business strategy is dependent, in part, on the continued availability of debt and equity capital. Access to the debt and equity capital markets may be limited by various factors, including the condition of overall credit markets, general economic factors, state of the aviation industry, our financial performance, and credit ratings. Debt and equity capital may not continue to be available to us on favorable terms, or at all. Our inability to obtain financing on favorable terms could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our existing debt includes restrictive and financial covenants.

        Certain loan and debt agreements, including our Revolving Credit Facility, require us to comply with various restrictive covenants and some contain financial covenants that require us to comply with specified financial ratios and tests. Our failure to meet these covenants could result in default under these loan and debt agreements and may result in a cross-default under other debt agreements. In the event of a default and our inability to obtain a waiver of the default, all amounts outstanding under our debt agreements could be declared immediately due and payable. Our failure to comply with these covenants could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our industry is susceptible to product and other liability claims, and claims not adequately covered by insurance may adversely affect our financial condition.

        Our business exposes us to possible claims for property damage and bodily injury or death which may result if an engine, engine part or component, airframe part or accessory, or any other aviation product which we have sold, manufactured, or repaired fails, or if an aircraft we operated, serviced, or in which our products are installed, crashes. We carry substantial liability insurance in amounts that we believe are adequate for our risk exposure and commensurate with industry norms. However, claims may arise in the future, and our insurance coverage may not be adequate to protect us in all circumstances. Additionally, we might not be able to maintain adequate insurance coverage in the future at an acceptable cost. Any liability claim not covered by adequate insurance could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our business could be negatively affected by cyber or other security threats or other disruptions.

        Our businesses depend heavily on information technology and computerized systems to communicate and operate effectively. The Company's systems and technologies, or those of third parties on which we rely, could fail or become unreliable due to equipment failures, software viruses, cyber threats, ransomware attacks, terrorist acts, natural disasters, power failures or other causes. These threats arise in some cases as a result of our role as a defense contractor.

        Cyber security threats are evolving and include, but are not limited to, malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorized access to our sensitive information, ransomware attacks, including our customers, suppliers, subcontractors, and joint venture partners, and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in mission critical systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information, and corruption of data.

        Although we utilize various procedures and controls to monitor and mitigate these threats, these procedures and controls may not be sufficient to prevent security threats from materializing. If any of these events were to materialize, the costs related to cyber or other security threats or disruptions may not be fully insured or indemnified and could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, operating results, and financial condition.

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        Moreover, expenditures incurred in implementing and maintaining cyber security and other procedures and controls could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We must comply with extensive environmental requirements, and any exposure to environmental liabilities may adversely affect us.

        Federal, state, and local requirements relating to the discharge and emission of substances into the environment, the disposal of hazardous wastes, the remediation and abatement of contaminants, and other activities affecting the environment have had and may continue to have an impact on our operations. Management cannot assess the possible effect of compliance with future environmental requirements or of future environmental claims for which we may not have adequate indemnification or insurance coverage. If we were required to pay the expenses related to any future environmental claims for which neither indemnification nor insurance coverage were available, these expenses could have an adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition.

        Future environmental regulatory developments in the United States and abroad concerning environmental issues, such as climate change, could adversely affect our operations and increase operating costs and, through their impact on our customers, reduce demand for our products and services. Actions may be taken in the future by the U.S. government, state governments within the United States, foreign governments, the International Civil Aviation Organization, or by signatory countries through a new global climate change treaty to regulate the emission of greenhouse gases by the aviation industry. The precise nature of any such requirements and their applicability to us and our customers are difficult to predict, but the impact to us and the aviation industry would likely be adverse and could be significant, including the potential for increased fuel costs, carbon taxes or fees, or a requirement to purchase carbon credits.

We may need to make significant capital expenditures to keep pace with technological developments in our industry.

        The industries in which we participate are constantly undergoing development and change, and it is likely that new products, equipment, and methods of repair and overhaul services will be introduced in the future. We may need to make significant expenditures to purchase new equipment and to train our employees to keep pace with any new technological developments. These expenditures could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our operations would be adversely affected by a shortage of skilled personnel or work stoppages.

        We are dependent on an educated and highly skilled workforce because of the complex nature of many of our products and services. Furthermore, we have a collective bargaining agreement covering approximately 125 employees. Our ability to operate successfully and meet our customers' demands could be jeopardized if we are unable to attract and retain a sufficient number of skilled personnel, including qualified licensed mechanics, to conduct our business, or if we experience a significant or prolonged work stoppage. These and similar events may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

ITEM 1B.    UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

        Not Applicable.

ITEM 2.    PROPERTIES

        In the Aviation Services segment, we conduct inventory management and distribution activities from our headquarters in Wood Dale, Illinois, which we own. In addition to warehouse space, this facility includes executive, sales and administrative offices. Our principal maintenance, repair, overhaul, engineering and other service activities for this segment are conducted at facilities leased by us in Indianapolis, Indiana; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Miami, Florida; Duluth, Minnesota; Lake Charles, Louisiana; and Rockford, Illinois.

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        We also lease facilities in Garden City, New York; Jacksonville, Florida; Brussels, Belgium; Singapore, Republic of Singapore; London, England; Crawley, England; and Dubai, UAE, and own a building near Schiphol International Airport in the Netherlands to support activities in the Aviation Services segment.

        Our principal activities in the Expeditionary Services segment are conducted at facilities we lease in Melbourne, Florida, Huntsville, Alabama, and Sacramento, California and own in Cadillac, Michigan; Clearwater, Florida; and Goldsboro, North Carolina.

        We also operate sales offices which support all our activities and are leased in London, England; Crawley, England; Paris, France; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Shanghai, China; Singapore, Republic of Singapore; and Abu Dhabi, UAE.

        We believe that our owned and leased facilities are suitable and adequate for our operational requirements.

ITEM 3.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

        We are not a party to any material pending legal proceeding (including any governmental or environmental proceeding) other than routine litigation incidental to our business except for the following:

DynCorp International LLC v. AAR Airlift Group, Inc.

        On September 5, 2015, DynCorp International LLC ("DynCorp") filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida, Orlando Division (the "District Court"), accusing AAR Airlift Group, Inc. ("AAR Airlift"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of AAR CORP., of misappropriation of DynCorp information, including trade secrets, and other related allegations. DynCorp's complaint, which sought damages in an unspecified amount and a preliminary injunction, alleged that AAR Airlift engaged in this conduct in connection with the submission of proposals in response to the solicitation issued by the U.S. Department of State ("DOS") Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Office of Aviation ("INL/A") in support of the Global Aviation Support Services program. The INL/A contract was subsequently awarded to AAR Airlift on September 1, 2016 as described below under "Court of Federal Claims INL/A Proceeding".

        The District Court denied DynCorp's preliminary injunction motion, and on October 19, 2015, DynCorp filed an amended complaint with the District Court. On January 14, 2016, the District Court granted AAR Airlift's motion to dismiss DynCorp's amended complaint. On February 2, 2016, DynCorp appealed the District Court's order to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (the "Eleventh Circuit").

        On November 21, 2016, the Eleventh Circuit reversed in part the District Court's dismissal of the amended complaint and remanded the case to the District Court for further proceedings. The District Court set a discovery schedule that ends September 1, 2017 and a trial date of April 2, 2018.

        On June 16, 2017, the District Court granted AAR Airlift's motion to stay the legal proceeding against AAR Airlift. The stay will remain in effect until the earlier of (a) November 1, 2017 or (b) the entry of a decision of the United Stated Court of Federal Claims ("COFC"), on DynCorp's protest of the award of the INL/A contract to AAR Airlift. The District Court's stay immediately halted all discovery and other activity in the DynCorp lawsuit.

        AAR Airlift will continue to defend itself vigorously against DynCorp's lawsuit, which it believes is entirely without merit.

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OIG Investigation

        The DOS received—and referred to its Office of Inspector General ("OIG")—a May 2015 letter from DynCorp in which DynCorp made substantially the same allegations against AAR Airlift as set forth in both its original Complaint and its First Amended Complaint filed with the District Court.

        The OIG conducted an 18-month investigation into DynCorp's allegations with the full cooperation of AAR Airlift. The OIG closed its investigation in a written closing memorandum (the "OIG Memorandum") dated December 23, 2016 that was made public on February 23, 2017. The OIG Memorandum stated that there was no evidence that AAR Airlift used any DynCorp information in winning the INL/A contract and that there was no evidence of any harm to DynCorp or to the U.S. Government. The OIG briefed the U.S. Department of Justice ("DOJ") on the results of its investigation, and both the DOJ and the OIG declined to take any action against AAR Airlift.

Court of Federal Claims INL/A Proceeding

        On September 1, 2016, the DOS awarded the INL/A contract to AAR Airlift. On December 20, 2016, the U.S. Government Accountability Office ("GAO") denied a protest filed by DynCorp and confirmed the award of the INL/A contract to AAR Airlift.

        On December 28, 2016, DynCorp filed a further protest, this time with the U.S. Court of Federal Claims ("COFC"), bringing again essentially the same arguments it brought before the GAO. The parties in the COFC proceeding are DynCorp and the U.S. Government, represented by the DOJ. AAR Airlift is an intervenor in the COFC proceeding.

        The COFC proceeding will be based entirely on the administrative record in the GAO proceeding. The COFC initially expected to issue its decision on or before August 9, 2017. On June 12, 2017, the COFC issued a revised scheduling order indicating that it expects to render a decision on or before October 31, 2017.

        AAR Airlift remains confident that the COFC will deny DynCorp's latest protest consistent with the findings of the OIG, the DOS Contracting Officer, the DOJ and the GAO.

ITEM 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

        Not Applicable.

Supplemental Item:

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

        Information concerning each of our executive officers is set forth below:

        Mr. Storch is Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of AAR, having served in that capacity since June 2017 and from 2007 to August 2015. From August 2015 to May 2017 and from 2005 to 2007, Mr. Storch served as Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer. From 1996 to 2005, Mr. Storch served as President and Chief Executive Officer and from 1989 to 1996 he served as Chief Operating Officer. Prior to that, Mr. Storch served as a Vice President of the Company from 1988 to 1989.

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Mr. Storch joined the Company in 1979 and also served as president of a major subsidiary from 1984 to 1988. Mr. Storch has been a director of the Company since 1989.

        Mr. Romenesko is Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer, having served in that capacity since August 2016. From August 2015 to August 2016, Mr. Romenesko served as Vice Chairman and Chief Operating Officer—Expeditionary Services. From March 2015 to August 2015, he served as President and Chief Operating Officer—Expeditionary Services. Previously, he served as President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company from 2007, and Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from 1994 to 2007. Mr. Romenesko also served as Controller from 1991 to 1995, and in various other positions since joining AAR in 1981. Mr. Romenesko has been a director of the Company since July 2007. As previously announced, Mr. Romenesko will retire from the Company on December 31, 2017.

        Mr. Holmes is President and Chief Operating Officer, having served in that capacity since June 2017. Mr. Holmes previously served as Chief Operating Officer—Aviation Services since 2015, Group Vice President, Aviation Services—Inventory Management and Distribution since 2012, General Manager and Division President of our Allen Asset Management business since 2003, and in various other positions since joining the Company in September 2001. Mr. Holmes has been a director of the Company since July 10, 2017.

        Mr. Regan is Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, having served in that capacity since June 2009. From 2008 to June 2009, Mr. Regan served as Vice President and General Counsel and, prior to that, Associate General Counsel since joining AAR in February 2008. Prior to joining AAR, he was a partner at the law firm of Schiff Hardin LLP since 1989.

        Mr. Pachapa is Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer, having served in that capacity since July 2016. Mr. Pachapa previously served as Controller since October 2015 and Senior Director of Accounting and Reporting since April 2014. Prior to joining the Company, he was with Glanbia plc from 2011 to 2014, and with Ernst & Young LLP from 1996 to 2011.

        Each executive officer is elected annually by the Board of Directors. Executive officers continue to hold office until their successors are duly elected or until their death, resignation, termination or reassignment.

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PART II

ITEM 5.    MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

        Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the Chicago Stock Exchange under the symbol "AIR." On June 30, 2017, there were approximately 928 holders of common stock, including participants in security position listings.

        The following table shows the range of prices for our common stock and the amount of dividends declared per share during each quarter of our last two fiscal years:

Fiscal 2017

Fiscal 2016

Stockholder Return Performance Graph

        The following graph compares the total return on a cumulative basis of $100 invested, and reinvestment of dividends in our common stock on May 31, 2012 to the Standard and Poor's ("S&P") 500 Index and the Proxy Peer Group.

Comparison of Cumulative Five Year Total Return

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        The S&P 500 Index is comprised of domestic industry leaders in four major sectors: Industrial, Financial, Utility, and Transportation, and serves as a broad indicator of the performance of the U.S. equity market. The Company's Fiscal 2017 Proxy Peer Group companies are listed as follows:

        The Company annually revisits the composition of the peer group to ensure that the Company's performance is measured against those of comparably-sized and situated companies. The mix of the Company's commercial and defense businesses presents a challenge in constructing a peer group, given that many defense contractors have substantially greater resources than the Company. No changes were made to the composition of the peer group for fiscal 2017.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

        The following table provides information about purchases of shares of our common stock that we made during the quarter ended May 31, 2017:

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ITEM 6.    SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
(In millions, except per share amounts)

 

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ITEM 7.    MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
(Dollars in millions)

Forward-Looking Statements

        Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contain certain statements relating to future results, which are forward-looking statements as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs of management, as well as assumptions and estimates based on information available to us as of the dates such assumptions and estimates are made, and are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated, depending on a variety of factors, including those factors discussed under Item 1A, "Risk Factors." Should one or more of those risks or uncertainties materialize adversely, or should underlying assumptions or estimates prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those described. Those events and uncertainties are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many are beyond our control. We assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events.

General Overview

        We report our activities in two business segments: Aviation Services comprised of supply chain and maintenance, repair and overhaul ("MRO") activities and Expeditionary Services comprised of airlift and mobility activities.

        The Aviation Services segment consists of aftermarket support and services businesses that provide spares and maintenance support for aircraft operated by our commercial and government/defense customers. Sales in the Aviation Services segment are derived from the sale and lease of a wide variety of new, overhauled and repaired engine and airframe parts and components to the commercial aviation and government and defense markets. We provide customized inventory supply chain management, performance based logistics programs, aircraft component repair management services, and aircraft modifications. The segment also includes MRO of aircraft, landing gear and components. We also sell and lease used commercial aircraft through joint venture arrangements. Cost of sales consists principally of the cost of product, direct labor, and overhead.

        The Expeditionary Services segment consists of businesses that provide products and services supporting the movement of equipment and personnel by the U.S. Department of Defense ("DoD"), foreign governments and non-governmental organizations. Sales in the Expeditionary Services segment are derived from the delivery of airlift services to mostly government and defense customers and the design and manufacture of pallets, shelters, and containers used to support the U.S. military's requirements for a mobile and agile force. We also provide system integration services for specialized command and control systems and composite manufacturing. Cost of sales consists principally of aircraft maintenance costs, depreciation, the cost of material to manufacture products, direct labor and overhead.

        Our chief operating decision making officer (Chief Executive Officer) evaluates performance based on the reportable segments and utilizes gross profit as a primary profitability measure. Gross profit is calculated by subtracting cost of sales from sales. The assets and certain expenses related to corporate activities are not allocated to the segments. Our reportable segments are aligned principally around differences in products and services.

        Beginning in fiscal 2015, we implemented a comprehensive strategic plan to narrow our strategy to focus on our best in class aviation and expeditionary services through our two business segments: Aviation Services and Expeditionary Services. We sold our Telair Cargo Group for cash of $714 million, resulting in pre-tax gains of $198.6 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015 (and $27.7 million in the first quarter of

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fiscal 2016 from the receipt of contingent consideration). We used the proceeds from the sale in fiscal 2015 to reduce our total debt by $480 million and we returned capital to shareholders through $151.5 million in common stock repurchases and $12.5 million of dividends.

        In fiscal 2016, our Aviation Services segment succeeded in expanding customer relationships and securing new program work with multiple international carriers. In our Expeditionary Services segment, we completed the successful start-up of our new contract with the U.K. Ministry of Defence providing search and rescue services in the Falkland Islands. We maintained our focus on shareholder return through additional common stock repurchases of $18.8 million and dividends of $10.4 million.

        In fiscal 2017, we increased our Aviation Services segment revenues by securing additional flight hour component inventory management and repair programs from our commercial airline customers and investing in our capacity and business development resources. During fiscal 2017, our investment in business development resulted in the award of new contracts from commercial operators, including South African Airways, Air New Zealand, flydubai, CommutAir, Allegiant Air, Small Planet Airlines, Enter Air, SaudiGulf, and ASL Aviation Holdings. Also during fiscal 2017, we invested over $80 million in rotable assets to support our commercial aviation programs. We started to recognize revenue and income in fiscal 2017 on most of these contract awards and expect to continue the ramp-up in fiscal 2018.

        On September 1, 2016, the Department of State awarded AAR Airlift Group, Inc. the contract for INL/A Global Aviation Support Services. This contract will leverage our capabilities in aviation services, including flight operations, supply chain logistics, and other services. The potential duration of this contract is 11 years and the potential revenue stream, including all related task orders, is $10 billion. The incumbent contractor filed a protest that was denied by the United States Government Accountability Office in December 2016 and subsequently filed a separate protest with the United States Court of Federal Claims ("COFC"). The COFC stayed the contract award to AAR Airlift pending its decision on the protest. The COFC's decision on the protest is expected on or before October 31, 2017.

        In our Expeditionary Services segment, the government markets we serve in support of troop movements and related activities continue to be weak with revenue and earnings significantly lower than peak levels.

Business Trends and Outlook for Fiscal 2018

        Consolidated sales for fiscal 2017 increased $68.7 million or 4.0% compared to the prior year primarily due to an increase in sales of $60.4 million or 4.2% in our Aviation Services segment. This increase was driven by strong growth in our aviation supply chain activities including our recent contract awards for component inventory management and repair programs across both commercial and government customers. This growth was partially offset by the impact from the wind-down of our KC-10 program.

        Sales in the Expeditionary Services segment increased $8.3 million or 3.0% over the prior year as increased volumes continue to drive a recovery in our mobility business, however, these levels are still significantly below historical levels of performance for this business. In May 2017, the DoD awarded an indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract to AAR Airlift and other companies related to the re-compete for rotary-wing airlift services in Afghanistan. We did not receive task orders for this contract and have filed a protest with the DoD contesting the task orders awarded to our competitors.

        Our principal services under the KC-10 Program were completed in January 2017 with the wind-down expected to be complete in mid-fiscal 2018. Sales and gross profit for the KC-10 Program during fiscal 2017 were $110.6 million and $3.7 million, respectively.

        For fiscal 2018, we expect to see continued strength in our Aviation Services segment given its strong positions in the growing global aviation market. We believe there continues to be a favorable trend by both commercial and government and defense customers for comprehensive supply chain and maintenance

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programs, as these customers continue to seek ways to reduce their operating cost structure. In our Expeditionary Services segment, we are experiencing an increase in demand for our low-cost solutions, services, and products; however, the level of demand remains significantly below historical levels for these businesses.

        We remain in a strong financial position to further execute on our strategy as a best in class aviation and expeditionary services company. Our cash on hand plus unused capacity on our Revolving Credit Facility was $366 million at May 31, 2017. We expect to invest opportunistically in expanding our comprehensive suite of services to the global commercial aviation and government and defense markets. We continue to have the flexibility in our balance sheet allowing us to invest in our growth. As we generate positive cash flow, we will continue our past strategy of returning capital to our shareholders without hampering our future operating flexibility.

Results of Operations—Fiscal 2017 Compared with Fiscal 2016

        Sales and gross profit for our two business segments for the two years ended May 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:

 

Aviation Services Segment

        Sales in the Aviation Services segment increased $60.4 million or 4.2% over the prior year due to a $111.4 million or 11.1% increase in sales to commercial customers. The increase in sales to commercial customers was primarily attributable to higher volumes in aviation supply chain activities driven by new contract awards.

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        During fiscal 2017, sales in this segment to government and defense customers decreased $51.0 million or 12.1% from the prior year. The decrease was primarily due to the wind-down of our KC-10 Program.

        Cost of sales in Aviation Services increased $44.0 million or 3.7% over the prior year which was in line with the sales increase discussed above. Gross profit in the Aviation Services segment increased $16.4 million or 7.1% over the prior year. Gross profit on sales to commercial customers increased $25.8 million or 16.4% over the prior year primarily driven by the higher volumes in aviation supply chain activities. The gross profit margin on sales to commercial customers increased to 16.4% compared to 15.7% in the prior year and was largely attributable to strong profitability growth in aviation supply chain activities.

        Gross profit in this segment on sales to government and defense customers decreased $9.4 million or 13.0% from the prior year primarily driven by the reduced services under our KC-10 Program. The gross profit margin decreased slightly from 17.2% to 17.0% primarily due to the decrease in volumes.

Expeditionary Services Segment

        Sales in the Expeditionary Services segment increased $8.3 million or 3.0% over the prior year period primarily due to higher demand for our mobility products; however, these levels are still significantly below historical levels of performance for this business.

        Gross profit in the Expeditionary Services segment increased $22.2 million over the prior year period due to improved profitability for mobility products. During the first quarter of fiscal 2017, we sold certain assets related to our temperature-controlled container product line to Sonoco Protective Solutions, Inc. which resulted in a gain of $2.6 million.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

        Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $23.5 million in fiscal 2017 or 13.6% from the prior year primarily attributable to incremental investments in business development activities, including legal costs related to our defense of the INL/A contract award.

Interest Expense

        Interest expense decreased $0.9 million in fiscal 2017 compared to the prior year primarily as a result of the retirement of our remaining convertible notes in fiscal 2016.

Income Taxes

        Our fiscal 2017 effective income tax rate for continuing operations was 32.4% compared to 33.9% in the prior year. The effective income tax rate for fiscal 2017 includes a benefit of $2.2 million related to recognition of previously unrecognized uncertain tax positions. The effective income tax rate for fiscal 2016 includes a benefit of $1.3 million related to the correction of prior year immaterial errors.

Results of Operations—Fiscal 2016 Compared with Fiscal 2015

        Sales and gross profit for our two business segments for the two years ended May 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:

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Aviation Services Segment

        Sales in the Aviation Services segment increased $108.9 million or 8.3% over the prior year due to a $91.1 million or 27.6% increase in sales to government and defense customers. The increase in sales to government and defense customers was primarily attributable to increased volumes in aviation supply chain activities.

        During fiscal 2016, sales in this segment to commercial customers increased $17.8 million or 1.8% over the prior year primarily due to higher MRO sales of $49.8 million largely offset by lower volumes in aviation supply chain activities. In fiscal 2015, we sold our last two wholly-owned aircraft for $11.0 million.

        Cost of sales in Aviation Services increased $22.9 million or 2.0% over the prior year primarily due to growth in sales volume partially offset by charges and other actions in fiscal 2015 that did not occur in fiscal 2016, including that in fiscal 2015 (i) we recognized an impairment charge of $19.5 million for rotable assets and inventory supporting certain product lines we exited in our landing gear business, (ii) we sold our last two remaining wholly-owned aircraft in our aircraft leasing portfolio resulting in a loss of $14.8 million, and (iii) we took actions to address underperforming inventories and equipment available for lease resulting in losses in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015 of $24.0 million.

        Gross profit in the Aviation Services segment increased $86.0 million or 59.8% over the prior year. Gross profit on sales to commercial customers increased $64.0 million or 68.4% over the prior year primarily driven by the fiscal 2015 charges and other actions discussed above. The gross profit margin on sales to commercial customers increased to 15.7% compared to 9.5% in the prior year which was also attributable to the fiscal 2015 actions discussed above.

        Gross profit in this segment on sales to government and defense customers increased $22.0 million or 43.7% over the prior year with aviation supply chain activities contributing the majority of the increase. Gross profit margin increased from 15.2% to 17.2% primarily due to these increased volumes.

Expeditionary Services Segment

        Sales in the Expeditionary Services segment decreased $31.4 million or 10.3% from the prior year period. The decrease in sales was driven by a decrease of $31.5 million due to lower demand for mobility products. This decrease was principally related to lower demand from the DoD due to reduced troop activity.

        Cost of sales in Expeditionary Services decreased $52.5 million or 16.4% from the prior year primarily due to the decrease in sales volume and by charges and other actions in fiscal 2015 that did not occur in fiscal 2016. Fiscal 2015 cost of sales included impairment charges of $25.6 million related to our composite manufacturing operations and $8.9 million related to expeditionary airlift services for inventory, rotable assets and aircraft.

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        Gross profit in the Expeditionary Services segment increased $21.1 million or 162.3% from the prior year primarily related to the impairment charges recorded in fiscal 2015 offset by lower sales of mobility products.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

        Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $0.8 million in fiscal 2016 or 0.5% from the prior year as fiscal 2015 included asset impairment charges on corporate assets of $3.5 million and severance costs of $1.7 million which did not occur in fiscal 2016. Incremental investments in business development activities in fiscal 2016 partially offset the benefit of the non-recurring fiscal 2015 costs.

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt and Interest Expense

        On April 30, 2015, we redeemed our $325 million 7.25% Senior Notes due 2022 for $370.6 million. We recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $44.9 million comprised of a make-whole premium of $45.6 million and unamortized deferred financing costs of $6.2 million, partially offset by an unamortized net premium of $6.9 million. Interest expense decreased $20.8 million in fiscal 2016 primarily as a result of the redemption of the Senior Notes.

Income Taxes

        Our fiscal 2016 effective income tax rate for continuing operations was 33.9% compared to 34.7% in the prior year period. The effective income tax rate for fiscal 2016 includes a benefit of $1.3 million related to the correction of prior year immaterial errors.

Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position

        Our operating activities are funded and commitments met through the generation of cash from operations. Periodically, we may raise capital through common stock and debt financings in the public or private markets. In addition to these cash sources, our current capital resources include an unsecured credit facility. We continually evaluate various financing arrangements, including the issuance of common stock or debt, which would allow us to improve our liquidity position and finance future growth on commercially reasonable terms. Our continuing ability to borrow from our lenders and issue debt and equity securities to the public and private markets in the future may be negatively affected by a number of factors, including the overall health of the credit markets, general economic conditions, airline industry conditions, geo-political events, and our operating performance. Our ability to generate cash from operations is influenced primarily by our operating performance and changes in working capital.

        At May 31, 2017, our liquidity and capital resources included cash of $10.3 million and working capital of $553.4 million.

        We maintain a Revolving Credit Facility with various financial institutions, as lenders and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent for the lenders which provides the Company an aggregate revolving credit commitment amount of $500 million. The Company, under certain circumstances, has the ability to request an increase to the revolving credit commitment by an aggregate amount of up to $250 million, not to exceed $750 million in total.

        On November 1, 2016, we entered into an amendment to our Revolving Credit Facility which extended the maturity of the Revolving Credit Facility to November 1, 2021, eliminated the condition of no material adverse change for credit extensions and modified certain other provisions.

        Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at the offered Eurodollar Rate plus 100 to 200 basis points based on certain financial measurements if a Eurodollar Rate loan, or at the offered fluctuating Base Rate plus 0 to 100 basis points based on certain financial measurements if a Base Rate loan.

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        Borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility at May 31, 2017 were $131.0 million and there were approximately $13.6 million of outstanding letters of credit, which reduced the availability of this facility to $355.4 million. There are no other terms or covenants limiting the availability of this facility. We also had $9.6 million available under foreign lines of credit at May 31, 2017.

        At May 31, 2017, we complied with all financial and other covenants under each of our financing arrangements.

Cash Flows—Fiscal 2017 Compared with Fiscal 2016

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

        Net cash provided from operating activities—continuing operations was $24.2 million in fiscal 2017 compared to $32.6 million in fiscal 2016. The decrease of $8.4 million was primarily attributable to greater investments in equipment on or available for long-term lease in fiscal 2017. These investments primarily support new government program awards such as the U.S. Navy's C-40A fleet as well as new flight hour component inventory management and repair programs with commercial airline customers including South African Airways, Air New Zealand, and other operators.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

        Net cash used in investing activities—continuing operations was $30.1 million in fiscal 2017 compared to $47.6 million in fiscal 2016. The prior year included higher capital expenditures, primarily in our Expeditionary Services segment. In fiscal 2016, we completed sale-leaseback transactions for two AW-189 rotary-wing aircraft which resulted in proceeds of $38.5 million.

        Net cash provided from investing activities—discontinued operations was $30.7 million in fiscal 2016 which included $28.3 of proceeds from contingent consideration related to our fiscal 2015 sale of Telair Cargo Group. In fiscal 2015, we received proceeds of $686.1 million after fees and expenses from the sale of Telair Cargo Group.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

        Net cash used in financing activities—continuing operations was $12.1 million in fiscal 2017 compared to $38.4 million in fiscal 2016. The reduction in cash used in financing activities of $26.3 million was primarily attributable to an increase in net borrowings in fiscal 2017 compared to the prior year.

Cash Flows—Fiscal 2016 Compared with Fiscal 2015

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

        Net cash provided from operating activities—continuing operations was $32.6 million in fiscal 2016 compared to $86.4 million in fiscal 2015. The decrease of $53.8 million was primarily attributable to a decrease in accrued and other liabilities including income tax payments of $35.7 million in fiscal 2016.

        In addition, inventory and accounts receivable increased $31.5 million in Aviation Services driven by sales growth in fiscal 2016 of 8.3% over the prior fiscal year. The sales growth was principally due to new contract wins in aviation supply chain activities.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

        Net cash used in investing activities—continuing operations was $47.6 million in fiscal 2016 compared to cash provided by investing activities—continuing operations of $7.2 million in fiscal 2015. The decrease of $54.8 million over the comparable prior period was attributable to additional capital expenditures in fiscal 2016 primarily in expeditionary airlift services. Proceeds from sale-leaseback transactions were $38.5 million and $40.3 million in fiscal 2016 and 2015, respectively.

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        Net cash provided from investing activities—discontinued operations was $30.7 million in fiscal 2016 which included $28.3 of proceeds from contingent consideration related to our fiscal 2015 sale of Telair Cargo Group. In fiscal 2015, we received proceeds of $686.1 million after fees and expenses from the sale of Telair Cargo Group.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

        Net cash used in financing activities—continuing operations was $38.4 million in fiscal 2016 compared to $677.5 million in fiscal 2015. The decrease of $639.1 million was primarily attributable to the use of our proceeds from our sale of the Telair Cargo Group in fiscal 2015 to reduce our long-term borrowings by $394.8 million, including the redemption of our $325 million 7.25% Senior Notes for $370.6 million. Proceeds from the sale of the Telair Cargo Group were also used to repurchase common stock via a tender offer in fiscal 2015 and other open market purchases which used $151.5 million of cash including fees and expenses compared to treasury stock purchases in fiscal 2016 of only $18.8 million.

Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

        A summary of contractual cash obligations and off-balance sheet arrangements as of May 31, 2017 is as follows:

        We routinely issue letters of credit and performance bonds in the ordinary course of business. These instruments are typically issued in conjunction with insurance contracts or other business requirements. The total of these instruments outstanding at May 31, 2017 was $13.6 million.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates

        Our Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Management has made estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities to prepare the Consolidated Financial Statements. The most significant estimates made by management include those related to assumptions used in assessing goodwill impairment, adjustments to reduce the value of inventories and certain rotables, revenue recognition, and assumptions used in determining pension plan obligations. Accordingly, actual results could differ materially from those estimates. The following is a summary of the accounting policies considered critical by management.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

        Under accounting standards for goodwill and other intangible assets, goodwill and other intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives are not amortized, but are subject to annual impairment tests. We review and evaluate our goodwill and indefinite life intangible assets for potential impairment at a minimum annually, on May 31, or more frequently if circumstances indicate that impairment is possible.

        The accounting standards for goodwill allow for either a qualitative or quantitative approach for the annual impairment test. Under the qualitative approach, factors such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions and entity relevant events or circumstances are assessed to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. For the quantitative approach, we compare the fair value of each reporting unit with the carrying value of the reporting unit, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value of the reporting unit, we would be required to complete a second step to determine the amount of goodwill impairment. The second step of the test requires the allocation of the reporting unit's fair value to its assets and liabilities, including any unrecognized intangible assets, in a hypothetical analysis that calculates the implied fair value of goodwill as if the reporting unit was being acquired in a business combination. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying value, the difference is recorded as an impairment loss.

        As of May 31, 2017, we have five reporting units as defined by Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other with only four of the reporting units' assigned goodwill. Our four reporting units with goodwill include two in our Aviation Services segment (Aviation Supply Chain and Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul) and two in our Expeditionary Services segment (Airlift and Mobility). We utilized the qualitative assessment approach for the two Aviation Services reporting units and the two-step quantitative approach for the two Expeditionary Services reporting units.

        We estimate the fair value of the Expeditionary Services reporting units using an income approach based on discounted cash flows. The assumptions we used to estimate the fair value of these reporting units are based on historical performance as well as forecasts derived from our current business plan. The discounted cash flow valuation approach is highly dependent on certain components of our business plan including estimates of future sales, operating income, depreciation and amortization, income taxes, changes in working capital, and capital expenditures. All of these factors are affected by economic conditions related to the aerospace and defense industries as well as conditions in the global capital markets.

        In addition to the business plan specific assumptions, the expected long-term cash flow growth rates and weighted average cost of capital ("WACC") are significant assumptions in the valuations. The WACC for each reporting unit was comprised of a weighted blend of an estimated rate of return on equity (based on publicly traded companies with business and economic risk characteristics comparable to each of our reporting units, i.e., "Market Participants"), risk-free rate of return based on long-term U.S. Treasury Bond rates, an equity risk premium, and an after-tax rate of return on Market Participants' debt. There

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were no significant changes to the underlying methods used in fiscal 2017 as compared to the prior year reporting unit valuations.

        We performed the annual qualitative analysis for the two Aviation Services reporting units and concluded it was more likely than not that the fair value of each reporting unit exceeded their carrying values, and thus no impairment charge was recorded. Step one of the quantitative goodwill impairment test was completed for the two Expeditionary Services reporting units and the estimated fair value for each reporting unit exceeded its carrying value. Accordingly, there was no indication of impairment and the second step was not performed.

        We also evaluate the sensitivity of the Airlift and Mobility discounted cash flow valuations by assessing the impact of changes in certain assumptions on the estimated fair value of each reporting unit by increasing the WACC or reducing the expected long-term cash flow growth rates. We also perform sensitivity analysis on our business plan assumptions including sales and profitability. These reporting units would have had fair values in excess of their carrying values under all our sensitivity scenarios.

Inventories

        Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market (estimated net realizable value). Cost is determined by the specific identification, average cost or first-in, first-out methods. Write-downs are made for excess and obsolete inventories and inventories that have been impaired as a result of industry conditions. We have utilized certain assumptions when determining the market value of inventories, such as inventory quantities and aging, historical sales of inventory, current and expected future aviation usage trends, replacement values, expected future demand, and historical scrap recovery rates. Reductions in demand for certain of our inventories or declining market values, as well as differences between actual results and the assumptions utilized by us when determining the market value of our inventories, could result in the recognition of impairment charges in future periods.

        Due to the remote geographic locations where we operate our expeditionary airlift business and the nature of our fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft, carrying large quantities of aircraft support parts is necessary in order to ensure availability of parts for servicing our fleet of aircraft. We record an excess and obsolete reserve for parts when our quantity on hand exceeds our forecasted needs or when the parts have been deemed obsolete or beyond economical repair. In addition, changes in the utilization of our fleet can affect estimates associated with our provision for excess and obsolete parts.

Revenue Recognition

        Certain supply chain management programs that we provide to our customers contain multiple elements or deliverables, such as program and warehouse management, parts distribution and maintenance and repair services. We recognize revenue for each element or deliverable that can be identified as a separate unit of accounting at the time of delivery based upon the relative fair value of the products and services.

        Sales and related cost of sales for certain large airframe maintenance contracts and performance-based logistics programs are recognized using contract accounting under the percentage of completion method in accordance with ASC 605-35, Construction—Type and Production—Type Contracts. In applying the percentage of completion method, we use the cost-to-cost method based on the ratio of actual costs incurred to total estimated costs to be incurred.

        In connection with these contracts and programs, we are required to make certain judgments and estimates, including estimated revenues and costs, as well as inflation and the overall profitability of the program and the relative fair value of each element of the arrangement. Key assumptions involved in our contract accounting include future labor costs and efficiencies, overhead costs, and ultimate timing of

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product delivery. Differences may occur between the judgments and estimates made by management and actual program results.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

        We are required to test for impairment of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable from its undiscounted cash flows. When applying accounting standards addressing impairment to long-lived assets, we have utilized certain assumptions to estimate future undiscounted cash flows, including current and future sales volumes or lease rates, expected changes to cost structures, lease terms, residual values, market conditions, and trends impacting future demand. Differences between actual results and the assumptions utilized by us when determining undiscounted cash flows could result in future impairments of long-lived assets.

        We maintain a significant inventory of rotable parts and equipment to service customer aircraft and components. Portions of that inventory are used parts that are often exchanged with parts removed from aircraft or components, and are reworked to a useable condition. We may have to recognize an impairment of our rotable parts and equipment if we discontinue using or servicing certain aircraft models or if an older aircraft model is phased-out in the industry.

Pension Plans

        The liabilities and net periodic cost of our pension plans are determined utilizing several actuarial assumptions, the most significant of which are the discount rate and the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets.

        AAR uses discount rates to measure our benefit obligation and net periodic benefit cost for our pension plans. We used a broad population of Aa-rated corporate bonds as of May 31, 2017 to determine the discount rate assumption. All bonds were denominated in U.S. Dollars, with a minimum outstanding of $50.0 million. This population of bonds was narrowed from a broader universe of over 500 Moody's Aa-rated, non-callable (or callable with make-whole provisions) bonds by eliminating the top 10^th percentile and the bottom 40^th percentile to adjust for any pricing anomalies and to represent the bonds we would most likely select if we were to actually annuitize our pension plan liabilities. This portfolio of bonds was used to generate a yield curve and associated spot rate curve to discount the projected benefit payments for the domestic plans. The discount rate is the single level rate that produces the same result as the spot rate curve.

        We establish the long-term asset return assumption based on a review of historical compound average asset returns, both company-specific and relating to the broad market, as well as analysis of current market and economic information and future expectations. The current asset return assumption is supported by historical market experience for both our actual and target asset allocation. In calculating the net pension cost, the expected return on assets is applied to a calculated value on plan assets, which recognizes changes in the fair value of plan assets in a systematic manner over five years. The difference between this expected return and the actual return on plan assets is a component of the total net unrecognized gain or loss and is subject to amortization in the future.

New Accounting Pronouncements

        In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which provides guidance for revenue recognition. This ASU affects any entity that either enters into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into contracts for the transfer of non-financial assets. This ASU will supersede the revenue recognition requirements in ASC 605, Revenue Recognition, and most industry-specific guidance. This ASU will also supersede certain cost guidance included in Subtopic 605-35, Revenue Recognition-Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14 which deferred the effective date of the new standard by one year which

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will make the new standard effective for us beginning June 1, 2018. The ASU may be applied retrospectively to each prior period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized as of the date of initial application. We continue to gain an understanding of the standard's revenue recognition model and are in the process of analyzing and documenting our significant customer contracts to evaluate the potential impact of the adoption of this new ASU. We have not yet selected a transition method for adoption nor determined the potential effect on our accounting policies and consolidated financial statements.

        In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. This ASU amends the existing accounting standards for lease accounting, including requiring lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets, including those classified as operating leases under the current accounting guidance. In addition, this ASU will require new qualitative and quantitative disclosures about the Company's leasing activities. This new standard will be effective for us beginning June 1, 2019 with early adoption permitted. This ASU requires a modified retrospective transition approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the date of initial application, with an option to use certain transition relief. We are in the preliminary phases of assessing the effect of this ASU on our portfolio of leases. While this assessment continues, we have not yet selected a transition date nor have we determined the effect of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements.

        In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, "Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting," which amends ASC Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation. This ASU requires excess tax benefits or deficiencies for share-based payments be recorded in the period shares vest as income tax expense or benefit, rather than within Capital surplus. Cash flows related to excess tax benefits will be included in operating activities and will no longer be classified as a financing activity. This ASU will be effective for us beginning June 1, 2017 and no material impact on our financial statements is expected.

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ITEM 7A.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
(Dollars in millions)

        Our exposure to market risk includes fluctuating interest rates under our credit agreements, changes in foreign exchange rates, and credit losses on accounts receivable. See Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion on accounts receivable exposure.

        We are exposed to the risk that our earnings and cash flows could be adversely impacted by fluctuations in interest rates. We manage interest costs by using a mix of fixed- and floating-rate debt.

        A 10 percent increase in the average interest rate affecting our financial instruments, including the average outstanding balance of our debt obligations and related derivatives, would not have had a significant impact on our pre-tax income during fiscal 2017.

        Revenues and expenses of our foreign operations are translated at average exchange rates during the year, and balance sheet accounts are translated at year-end exchange rates. Balance sheet translation adjustments are excluded from the results of operations and are recorded in stockholders' equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. A hypothetical 10 percent devaluation of the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies would not have had a material impact on our financial position or continuing operations during fiscal 2017.

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ITEM 8.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders
AAR CORP.:

        We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of AAR CORP. and subsidiaries as of May 31, 2017 and 2016, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income (loss), changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended May 31, 2017. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

        We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

        In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of AAR CORP. and subsidiaries as of May 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of their operations, and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended May 31, 2017, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

        We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), AAR CORP.'s internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated July 12, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

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AAR CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

   

The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
are an integral part of these statements.

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AAR CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

   

The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
are an integral part of these statements.

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AAR CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

ASSETS

   

The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
are an integral part of these statements.

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AAR CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY

   

The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
are an integral part of these statements.

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AAR CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

FOR THE THREE YEARS ENDED MAY 31, 2017

(In millions)

   

The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
are an integral part of these statements.

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AAR CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In millions)

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AAR CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business

        AAR CORP. is a diversified provider of services and products to the worldwide commercial aviation and government and defense markets. Services and products include: aviation supply chain and parts support programs; maintenance, repair and overhaul of airframes, landing gear, and certain other airframe components; design and manufacture of specialized pallets, shelters, and containers; expeditionary airlift services; aircraft modifications and aircraft and engine sales and leasing. We serve commercial, defense and governmental aircraft fleet operators, original equipment manufacturers, and independent service providers around the world, and various other domestic and foreign military customers.

Principles of Consolidation

        The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries after elimination of intercompany accounts and transactions. The equity method of accounting is used for investments in other companies in which we have significant influence; generally this represents common stock ownership of at least 20% and not more than 50% (see Note 10 for a discussion of aircraft joint ventures).

Revenue Recognition

        Sales and related cost of sales for product sales are recognized upon shipment of the product to the customer. Our standard terms and conditions provide that title passes to the customer when the product is shipped to the customer. Sales of certain defense products are recognized upon customer acceptance, which includes transfer of title. Under the majority of our expeditionary airlift services contracts, we are paid and record as revenue a fixed daily amount per aircraft for each day an aircraft is available to perform airlift services. In addition, we are paid and record as revenue an amount which is based on number of hours flown. Sales from services and the related cost of services are generally recognized when customer-owned material is shipped back to the customer. We have adopted this accounting policy because at the time the customer-owned material is shipped back to the customer; all services related to that material are complete as our service agreements generally do not require us to provide services at customer sites. Furthermore, serviced units are typically shipped to the customer immediately upon completion of the related services. Sales and related cost of sales for certain large airframe maintenance contracts and performance-based logistics programs are recognized by the percentage of completion method, based on the relationship of costs incurred to date to the estimated total costs. When our experience and projections indicate adjustments to the estimated margin are required, changes are recognized using the cumulative catch-up method with the impact of the change from inception to date recorded in the current period. Net favorable cumulative catch-up adjustments recognized during fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015 were $8.5 million, $3.7 million, and $2.5 million, respectively.

        Lease revenues are recognized as earned. Income from monthly or quarterly rental payments is recorded in the pertinent period according to the lease agreement. However, for leases that provide variable rents, we recognize lease income on a straight-line basis. In addition to a monthly lease rate, some engine leases require an additional rental amount based on the number of hours the engine is used in a particular month. Lease income associated with these contingent rentals is recorded in the period in which actual usage is reported to us by the lessee, which is normally the month following the actual usage.

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AAR CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

        Certain supply chain management programs we provide to our customers contain multiple elements or deliverables, such as program and warehouse management, parts distribution, and maintenance and repair services. We recognize revenue for each element or deliverable that can be identified as a separate unit of accounting at the time of delivery based upon the relative fair value of the products and services.

        Included in accounts receivable as of May 31, 2017 and 2016, are $14.5 million and $29.8 million, respectively, of unbilled accounts receivable related to our KC-10 supply agreement. These unbilled accounts receivable relate to costs we have incurred on parts that were requested and accepted by our customer to support the program. These costs have not been billed by us because the customer has not issued the final paperwork necessary to allow for billing.

        In June 2016, the U.S. Air Force awarded the new contract for the KC-10 Extender Contractor Logistics Support Program ("KC-10 Program") to a competitor. Our principal services under the prior contract for the KC-10 Program were completed in January 2017; however, we expect limited services will continue for an unspecified period of time. Sales for the KC-10 Program during fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015 were $110.6 million, $148.1 million, and $111.4 million, respectively. Gross profit for the KC-10 Program during fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $3.7 million, $12.0 million, and $4.5 million, respectively.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

        We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts to reflect the expected uncollectibility of accounts receivable based on past collection history and specific risks identified among uncollected accounts. In determining the required allowance, we consider factors such as general and industry-specific economic conditions, customer credit history, and our customers' current and expected future financial performance. The majority of our customers are recurring customers with an established payment history. Certain customers are required to undergo an extensive credit check prior to delivery of products or services.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

        In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other, goodwill and other intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives are not amortized, but are subject to annual impairment tests. We review and evaluate our goodwill and indefinite life intangible assets for potential impairment at a minimum annually, on May 31, or more frequently if circumstances indicate that impairment is possible.

        We utilize both the qualitative approach and the two-step quantitative approach to evaluate goodwill for impairment. In the first step of the quantitative approach, we compare the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying value, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we would be required to complete a second step to determine the amount of goodwill impairment. The second step of the test requires the allocation of the reporting unit's fair value to its assets and liabilities, including any unrecognized intangible assets, in a hypothetical analysis that calculates the implied fair value of goodwill as if the reporting unit was being acquired in a business combination. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying value, the difference is recorded as an impairment loss.

        As of May 31, 2017, we have five reporting units with only four of the reporting units assigned goodwill. Our four reporting units with goodwill include two in our Aviation Services segment (Aviation

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AAR CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Supply Chain and Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul) and two in our Expeditionary Services segment (Airlift and Mobility). We utilized the qualitative assessment approach for the two Aviation Services reporting units and the two-step quantitative approach for the two Expeditionary Services reporting units.

        We performed the annual qualitative analysis for the two Aviation Services reporting units and concluded it was more likely than not that the fair value of each reporting unit exceeded their carrying values, and thus no impairment charge was recorded. Step one of the quantitative goodwill impairment test was completed for the two Expeditionary Services reporting units and the estimated fair value for each reporting unit exceeded its carrying value. Accordingly, there was no indication of impairment and the second step was not performed.

        We estimate the fair value of each Expeditionary Services reporting unit using an income approach based on discounted cash flows. The assumptions we used to estimate the fair value of these reporting units are based on historical performance, as well as forecasts used in our current business plan, and require considerable management judgment. We use a discount rate based on our consolidated weighted average cost of capital which is adjusted for each of our reporting units based on their specific risk and size characteristics. The fair value measurements used for our goodwill impairment testing use significant unobservable inputs, which reflect our own assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in measuring fair value. The fair value of our reporting units is also impacted by our overall market capitalization and may be impacted by volatility in our stock price and assumed control premium, among other items.

        Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment for fiscal 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

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AAR CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

        Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Intangible assets, other than goodwill, are comprised of the following:

 

        Customer relationships are being amortized over 10-20 years, developed technology is being amortized over 7-15 years, lease agreements are being amortized over 5-18 years, and the FAA certificates are being amortized over 20 years. Amortization expense recorded during fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $4.3 million, $4.4 million, and $4.6 million, respectively. The estimated aggregate amount of amortization expense for intangible assets in each of the next five fiscal years is $4.5 million in 2018, $3.8 million in 2019, $3.5 million in 2020, $3.5 million in 2021 and $2.7 million in 2022.

Foreign Currency

        Our foreign subsidiaries utilize the local currency as their functional currency. All balance sheet accounts of foreign subsidiaries transacting business in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are translated

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1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

at year-end exchange rates. Revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates during the year. Translation adjustments are excluded from the results of operations and are recorded in stockholders' equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss until such subsidiaries are liquidated.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

        Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid instruments which have original maturities of three months or less when purchased.

Financial Instruments and Concentrations of Market or Credit Risk

        Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of market or credit risk consist principally of trade receivables. While our trade receivables are diverse and represent a number of entities and geographic regions, the majority are with the U.S. Department of Defense and its contractors and entities in the aviation industry. Accounts receivable due from the U.S. Department of Defense were $43.0 million and $43.7 million at May 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Additionally, included in accounts receivable as of May 31, 2017 and 2016, are $25.5 million and $42.4 million, respectively, of accounts receivable from a large defense contractor. We perform regular evaluations of customer payment experience, current financial condition, and risk analysis. We may require collateral in the form of security interests in assets, letters of credit, and/or obligation guarantees from financial institutions for transactions executed on other than normal trade terms.

        The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts and trade notes payable approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments. The carrying value of long-term debt bearing a variable interest rate approximates fair value.

        Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market information about the financial instrument. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Inventories

        Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market (estimated net realizable value). Cost is determined by the specific identification, average cost, or first-in, first-out methods. From time-to-time, we purchase aircraft and engines for disassembly to individual parts and components. Costs are assigned to these individual parts and components utilizing list prices from original equipment manufacturers and recent sales history.

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1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

        The following is a summary of inventories:

        We classify certain aircraft from our expeditionary airlift business as assets held for sale at the time management commits to a plan to sell the aircraft, changes to the planned sale are not likely, the aircraft are actively marketed and available for immediate sale, and the sale is expected to be completed within one year. Upon designation of an aircraft as held for sale, we record the aircraft's value at the lower of its carrying value or its estimated fair value, less estimated costs to sell. Assets held for sale are not depreciated.

        Aircraft may be classified as assets held for sale for more than one year as we continue to actively market the aircraft at reasonable prices. Certain aircraft types we currently have available for sale are specifically designed for particular functions which limits the marketability of those assets. During fiscal 2015, we recognized impairment charges of $8.9 million reflecting the decrease in fair value for certain aircraft held for sale and related rotable assets.

        During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, we entered into a sale-leaseback transaction for our two S-92 rotary-wing aircraft resulting in the recognition of a loss of $1.1 million. We received sales proceeds of $40.3 million in fiscal 2015 which were deferred as a sale-leaseback advance pending completion of the sale transactions. Both of the S-92 aircraft sales were completed in fiscal 2016 and the related leases ended in fiscal 2017.

Equipment under Leases

        Lease revenue is recognized as earned. The cost of the asset under lease is the original purchase price plus overhaul costs. Depreciation for aircraft is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated service life of the equipment. The balance sheet classification of equipment under lease is generally based on lease term, with fixed-term leases less than twelve months generally classified as short-term and all others generally classified as long-term.

        Equipment on short-term lease includes aircraft engines and parts on or available for lease to satisfy customers' immediate short-term requirements. The leases are renewable with fixed terms, which generally vary from one to twelve months. In conjunction with our decision to exit certain product lines in our landing gear business, we recognized an impairment charge of $17.7 million related to rotable assets in fiscal 2015.

        Equipment on long-term lease consists of engines on lease with commercial airlines generally for more than twelve months and rotable parts used to support long-term supply chain programs. The rotable parts included in equipment on long-term lease are being depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, we sold our two remaining wholly-owned aircraft which were on long-term leases for $11.0 million which resulted in a loss on sale of $14.8 million.

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1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

        Future rent due to us under non-cancelable leases during each of the next five fiscal years is $31.6 million in 2018, $31.3 million in 2019, $31.2 million in 2020, $30.6 million in 2021, and $30.6 million in 2022.

Property, Plant and Equipment

        We record property, plant and equipment at cost. Depreciation is computed on the straight-line method over useful lives of 10-40 years for buildings and improvements and 3-10 years for equipment, furniture and fixtures, and capitalized software. Aircraft, major components in service, and associated rotable assets to support our expeditionary airlift services are depreciated over their estimated useful lives, which is generally 7-30 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life or the term of the applicable lease.

        Repair and maintenance expenditures are expensed as incurred. Upon sale or disposal, cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and related gains and losses are included in results of operations.

        In accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, we are required to test for impairment of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable from its undiscounted cash flows. We utilize certain assumptions to estimate future undiscounted cash flows, including demand for our services, future market conditions and trends, business development pipeline of opportunities, current and future lease rates, lease terms, and residual values.

Income Taxes

        We are subject to income taxes in the U.S., state, and several foreign jurisdictions. In the ordinary course of business, there can be transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns in accordance with applicable accounting guidance for accounting for income taxes, using currently enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse.

        We record a valuation allowance when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Both positive and negative evidence are considered in forming our judgment as to whether a valuation allowance is appropriate, and more weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified. Valuation allowances are reassessed whenever there are changes in circumstances that may cause a change in judgment.

        The accounting for uncertainty in income taxes requires a more-likely-than-not threshold for financial statement recognition of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Where necessary, we record a liability for the difference between the benefit recognized for financial statement purposes and the tax position taken or expected to be taken on our tax return. To the extent that our assessment of such tax positions changes, the change in estimate is recorded in the period in which the determination is made.

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(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Supplemental Information on Cash Flows

        Supplemental information on cash flows is as follows:

        During fiscal 2017, treasury stock increased $12.2 million reflecting the repurchase of common shares of $19.8 million, restricted stock grants of $1.3 million and the re-issuance of shares upon exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld to satisfy statutory tax obligations, of $8.9 million.

        During fiscal 2016, treasury stock increased $21.3 million reflecting the repurchase of common shares of $18.8 million, restricted stock grants of $4.8 million and the re-issuance of shares upon exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld to satisfy statutory tax obligations, of $2.3 million.

        On May 29, 2015, we repurchased 4,185,960 shares of our common stock at a price of $31.90 per share pursuant to a tender offer utilizing $133.5 million cash on hand. Fees and expenses of $1.2 million were incurred related to the tender offer and were recorded in treasury stock. In addition to the tender offer, we also repurchased common shares of $16.8 million and re-issued shares upon exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld to satisfy statutory tax obligations, of $3.6 million during fiscal 2015.

Use of Estimates

        We have made estimates and utilized certain assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities and the disclosures of contingent liabilities to prepare these Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

New Accounting Pronouncements

        In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which provides guidance for revenue recognition. This ASU affects any entity that either enters into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into contracts for the transfer of non-financial assets. This ASU will supersede the revenue recognition requirements in ASC 605, Revenue Recognition, and most industry-specific guidance. This ASU will also supersede certain cost guidance included in Subtopic 605-35, Revenue Recognition—Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14 which deferred the effective date of the new standard by one year which will make the new standard effective for us beginning June 1, 2018. The ASU may be applied retrospectively to each prior period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized as of the date of initial application. We continue to gain an understanding of the standard's revenue recognition model and are in the process of analyzing and documenting our significant customer contracts to evaluate the potential impact of the adoption of this new ASU. We have not yet selected a transition method for

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1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

adoption nor determined the potential effect on our accounting policies and consolidated financial statements.

        In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. This ASU amends the existing accounting standards for lease accounting, including requiring lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets, including those classified as operating leases under the current accounting guidance. In addition, this ASU will require new qualitative and quantitative disclosures about the Company's leasing activities. This new standard will be effective for us beginning June 1, 2019 with early adoption permitted. This ASU requires a modified retrospective transition approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the date of initial application, with an option to use certain transition relief. We are in the preliminary phases of assessing the effect of this ASU on our portfolio of leases. While this assessment continues, we have not yet selected a transition date nor have we determined the effect of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements.

        In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, "Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting," which amends ASC Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation. This ASU requires excess tax benefits or deficiencies for share-based payments be recorded in the period shares vest as income tax expense or benefit, rather than within Capital surplus. Cash flows related to excess tax benefits will be included in operating activities and will no longer be classified as a financing activity. This ASU will be effective for us beginning June 1, 2017 and no material impact on our financial statements is expected.

2. Discontinued Operations

        On March 26, 2015, we completed the sale of our Telair Cargo Group to TransDigm, Inc. The Telair Cargo Group was comprised of Telair International, Telair US, and Nordisk Aviation Products. Cash received at closing in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015 before fees and expenses was $705 million. The sale also allowed for contingent consideration of up to $35 million based on the occurrence of certain post-closing events related to the A400M cargo system. We recognized a pre-tax gain on the sale (net of transaction expenses and fees) of $198.6 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015.

        In the first quarter of fiscal 2016, we recognized a gain of $27.7 million net of expenses representing the receipt of the contingent consideration related to the A400M cargo system.

        During fiscal 2015, we also announced our intention to sell our Precision Systems Manufacturing ("PSM") businesses comprised of our metal and composite machined and fabricated parts manufacturing operations. We recognized impairment charges of $57.5 million during fiscal 2015 to reduce the carrying value of the PSM business's net assets to their expected value at the time of sale.

        During the first quarter of fiscal 2017, we decided to retain our composite manufacturing operations within our Expeditionary Services segment as a product line within our mobility products business. As a result, we reclassified our composite manufacturing operations into continuing operations for all periods presented which included $25.6 million of impairment charges previously classified in discontinued operations which are now classified as Cost of products in our fiscal 2015 Consolidated Statement of Income. Also during the first quarter of fiscal 2017, we decided to shut down our metal machining operation which had been available for sale. The shutdown of the metal machining operation was completed prior to the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2017.

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2. Discontinued Operations (Continued)

        Telair Cargo Group and PSM's metal machining operation are reported as discontinued operations in the Consolidated Statements of Income for all periods presented. No amounts for general corporate overhead were allocated to discontinued operations during the periods presented. Interest expense allocated to discontinued operations was $8.5 million for fiscal 2015. No interest expense was allocated to discontinued operations in fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016.

        Liabilities of discontinued operations of $6.9 million and $12.5 million at May 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, were classified as Accrued liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Income from discontinued operations was comprised of the following:

        During the third quarter of fiscal 2016, we recognized $2.8 million of income tax expense in discontinued operations related to changes in estimates associated with tax provision to federal income tax return filing differences.

        During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, we recognized an income tax benefit in discontinued operations of $6.7 million for an effective settlement of a previously reserved tax position.

        Unless otherwise noted, amounts and disclosures throughout these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements relate to our continuing operations.

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3. Financing Arrangements

Debt Outstanding

        A summary of the carrying amount of our debt is as follows:

        At May 31, 2017, our variable rate and fixed rate debt had a fair value that approximates the carrying value of $156.0 million and are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

        During fiscal 2016, the Company entered into capital leases in the amount of $5.1 million related to new aircraft and IT equipment. We have omitted substantially all of the required disclosures as the capital leases are not material to our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

        We maintain a Revolving Credit Facility with various financial institutions, as lenders and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent for the lenders which provides the Company an aggregate revolving credit commitment amount of $500 million. The Company, under certain circumstances, has the ability to request an increase to the revolving credit commitment by an aggregate amount of up to $250 million, not to exceed $750 million in total.

        On November 1, 2016, we entered into an amendment to our Revolving Credit Facility which extended the maturity of the Revolving Credit Facility to November 1, 2021, eliminated the condition of no material adverse change for credit extensions and modified certain other provisions.

        Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at the offered Eurodollar Rate plus 100 to 200 basis points based on certain financial measurements if a Eurodollar Rate loan, or at the offered fluctuating Base Rate plus 0 to 100 basis points based on certain financial measurements if a Base Rate loan.

        Our financing arrangements also requires us to comply with leverage and interest coverage ratios and comply with certain affirmative and negative covenants, including those relating to financial reporting and notification, payment of indebtedness, cash dividends, taxes and other obligations, compliance with applicable laws, and limitations on additional liens, indebtedness, acquisitions, investments and disposition of assets. The Revolving Credit Facility also requires our significant domestic subsidiaries, and any subsidiaries that guarantee our other indebtedness, to provide a guarantee of payment under the Revolving

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3. Financing Arrangements (Continued)

Credit Facility. At May 31, 2017, we were in compliance with the financial and other covenants in our financing agreements.

        Borrowing activity under the Revolving Credit Facility during fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015 is as follows:

        We also have $9.6 million available under foreign lines of credit.

7.25% Senior Notes due 2022

        On April 30, 2015, we redeemed our $325 million 7.25% Senior Notes due 2022 for $370.6 million. We recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $44.9 million comprised of a make-whole premium of $45.6 million and unamortized deferred financing costs of $6.2 million, partially offset by an unamortized net premium of $6.9 million.

Convertible Notes

        The interest expense associated with the convertible notes, which were paid in full in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, was as follows:

4. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

        We are exposed to interest rate risk associated with fluctuations in interest rates on our variable rate debt. Prior to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, we utilized two derivative financial instruments to manage our variable interest rate exposure. We utilized a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap and an interest rate cap agreement with each hedging $50.0 million of notional principal interest under our Revolving Credit Facility. In connection with the Amendment of our Revolving Credit Facility, we settled our floating-to-fixed interest rate swap and interest rate cap agreements in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015 for approximately $2.6 million.

        Prior to the settlement, the derivatives instruments were classified as cash flow hedges with gains and losses on the derivative instruments included in other comprehensive loss. We recognized gains and losses

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4. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Continued)

on our derivative instruments as an adjustment to interest expense in the period the hedged interest payment affected earnings. We recognized a loss of $2.0 million in fiscal 2015 related to the reclassification of previously unrealized losses in accumulated other comprehensive loss.

5. Stock-Based Compensation

        We have granted stock-based awards under the AAR CORP. 2013 Stock Plan (the "2013 Stock Plan") and the AAR CORP. Stock Benefit Plan ("Stock Benefit Plan") each of which has been approved by our stockholders. No further awards will be made under the Stock Benefit Plan. Under the 2013 Stock Plan, we are authorized to issue stock options to employees and non-employee directors that allow the grant recipients to purchase shares of common stock at a price not less than the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. Generally, stock options awarded expire ten years from the date of grant and are exercisable in three, four or five equal annual increments commencing one year after the date of grant. In addition to stock options, the 2013 Stock Plan also provides for the grant of restricted stock awards and performance-based restricted stock awards. The number of performance-based awards earned, subject to vesting, is based on achievement of certain Company-wide or segment financial goals or stock price targets. The 2013 Stock Plan also provides for the grant of stock appreciation units and restricted stock units; however, to date, no such awards have been granted.

        Restricted stock grants are designed, among other things, to align employee interests with the interests of stockholders and to encourage the recipient to build a career with us. Restricted stock typically vests over periods of one to five years from date of grant. Restricted stock grants may be performance-based with vesting to occur over periods of three to five years. All restricted stock that has been granted and, if performance-based, earned according to performance criteria carries full dividend and voting rights, regardless of whether it has vested.

        Substantially all stock options and restricted stock are subject to forfeiture prior to vesting if the employee's employment terminates for any reason other than death, disability or retirement. Since inception, a total of 11,149,000 shares have been granted under the Stock Benefit Plan. Subsequent to stockholder approval of the 2013 Stock Plan, we have granted a total of 2,018,000 shares under the 2013 Stock Plan. All future stock awards will be made under the 2013 Stock Plan. There were 2,689,733 shares available for grant under the 2013 Stock Plan as of May 31, 2017.

Stock Options

        During fiscal 2017 and 2016, we granted stock options with respect to 687,000 shares and 488,767 shares, respectively. No stock options were granted during fiscal 2015. The weighted average fair value per share of stock options granted during fiscal 2017 and 2016 was $6.50 and $7.48, respectively. The fair value

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5. Stock-Based Compensation (Continued)

of each stock option grant was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:

        The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The expected volatility is based on historical volatility of our common stock, and the expected option term represents the period of time that the stock options granted are expected to be outstanding based on historical exercise trends. The dividend yield represents our anticipated cash dividends at the grant date over the expected option term.

        A summary of stock option activity for the three years ended May 31, 2017 consisted of the following (shares in thousands):

        The total fair value of stock options that vested during fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $3.5 million, $2.7 million, and $3.1 million, respectively. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $4.7 million, $1.0 million, and $11.1 million, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding was $27.8 million and $7.4 million as of May 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The tax benefit realized from stock options exercised during fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $1.2 million, $0.2 million, and $2.4 million, respectively. Expense recognized in selling, general and administrative expenses for stock options during fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $4.6 million, $3.5 million, and $2.7 million, respectively. As of May 31, 2017, we had $5.5 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options that will be amortized over an average period of 0.8 years.

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5. Stock-Based Compensation (Continued)

        The following table provides additional information regarding stock options outstanding as of May 31, 2017 (shares in thousands):

Restricted Stock

        We provide executives and other key employees an opportunity to be awarded performance-based and time-based restricted stock. The performance-based awards are contingent upon the achievement of certain performance objectives, including cumulative net income and average return on capital over a three-year performance period. During fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015, we granted 212,583, 119,929, and 188,125 of performance-based restricted shares, respectively. Time-based restricted shares of 39,100, 42,557, and 97,581 were granted to executives and key employees during fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. We also award time-based restricted stock to our non-employee directors as part of their annual compensation. Time-based restricted shares of 50,625, 47,083, and 45,000 were granted to members of the Board of Directors during fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

        The fair value of restricted shares is the market value of our common stock on the date of grant. Expense recognized in selling, general and administrative expenses for all restricted share programs during fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $6.4 million, $3.2 million, and $4.7 million, respectively.

        Restricted share activity during the fiscal year ended May 31, 2017 was as follows (shares in thousands):

        As of May 31, 2017 we had $5.5 million of unearned compensation related to restricted shares that will be amortized to expense over a weighted average period of 2.1 years.

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5. Stock-Based Compensation (Continued)

Shareholders' Rights Plan

        Pursuant to a shareholder rights plan adopted in 2007, each outstanding share of our common stock carries with it a Right to purchase one share at a price of $140 per share. The Rights become exercisable (and separate from the shares) when certain specified events occur, including the acquisition of 15% or more of the common stock by a person or group (an "Acquiring Person") or the commencement of a tender or exchange offer for 15% or more of the common stock.

        In the event that an Acquiring Person acquires 15% or more of the common stock, or if we are the surviving corporation in a merger involving an Acquiring Person or if the Acquiring Person engages in certain types of self-dealing transactions, each Right entitles the holder to purchase for $140 per share (or the then-current exercise price), shares of our common stock having a market value of $280 (or two times the exercise price), subject to certain exceptions. Similarly, if we are acquired in a merger or other business combination or 50% or more of our assets or earning power is sold, each Right entitles the holder to purchase at the then-current exercise price that number of shares of common stock of the surviving corporation having a market value of two times the exercise price. The Rights do not entitle the holder thereof to vote or to receive dividends. The Rights will expire on August 6, 2017, and may be redeemed by us for $.01 per Right under certain circumstances.

6. Income Taxes

        The provision for income tax (benefit) on income before taxes (benefit) includes the following components:

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6. Income Taxes (Continued)

        The provision for income taxes on pre-tax income differs from the amount computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 35% for fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015 to income before taxes (benefit), due to the following:

        During the third quarter of fiscal 2016, we completed a reconciliation of our tax basis assets and liabilities and an analysis of our income tax payable which identified prior year immaterial errors netting to $0.2 million with $1.5 million recognized as income tax expense in discontinued operations and $1.3 million recognized as income tax benefit within income from continuing operations.

        Income (Loss) before provision for income tax (benefit) includes the following components:

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6. Income Taxes (Continued)

        Deferred tax liabilities and assets result primarily from the differences in the timing of the recognition of transactions for financial reporting and income tax purposes. Our deferred tax liabilities and assets consist of the following components:

        As of May 31, 2017, we have determined that the realization of our deferred tax assets is more likely than not and that a valuation allowance is not required except for certain state deferred tax assets, net operating losses and credits. The change in the valuation allowance was primarily the result of state net operating losses in subsidiaries that are not expected to be utilized. The net operating losses have carry forward periods that range from 5 to 20 years. Our history of operating earnings, our expectations for continued future earnings, the nature of certain of our deferred tax assets and the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, primarily related to depreciation, support the recoverability of the majority of the deferred tax assets.

        Income tax payable at May 31, 2017 and 2016 was $12.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively and is included in Accrued Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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6. Income Taxes (Continued)

        A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits was as follows:

        In fiscal 2017, the reserve for unrecognized tax benefits decreased primarily as a result of effective settlement of tax positions for prior tax years which occurred upon the settlement of an IRS examination. Income tax expense in fiscal 2017 included a benefit of $2.2 million and discontinued operations included a benefit of $6.7 million for these effective settlements.

        All of our unrecognized tax benefits as of May 31, 2017 and 2016 would be recorded as a component of income tax expense or income from discontinued operations, if recognized. We accrue interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.

        Fiscal years 2015 and subsequent are open for examination. Various states and foreign jurisdictions also remain open subject to their applicable statute of limitations.

7. Earnings Per Share

        The computation of basic earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period. The computation of diluted earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus, when their effect is dilutive, incremental shares consisting of shares subject to stock options, shares issuable upon vesting of restricted stock awards and shares to be issued upon conversion of convertible debt.

        In accordance with ASC 260-10-45, Share-Based Payment Arrangements and Participating Securities and the Two-Class Method, our unvested restricted stock awards are deemed participating securities since these shares are entitled to participate in dividends declared on common shares. During periods of net income, the calculation of earnings per share for common stock excludes income attributable to unvested restricted stock awards from the numerator and excludes the dilutive impact of those shares from the denominator. During periods of net loss, no effect is given to the participating securities because they do not share in the losses of the Company.

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(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

7. Earnings Per Share (Continued)

        The following tables provide a reconciliation of the computations of basic and diluted earnings per share information for each of the years in the three-year period ended May 31, 2017 (shares in millions).

        At May 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, outstanding options to purchase 11,200 shares, 1,374,200 shares, and 168,200 shares of common stock were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share, because the exercise price of these options was greater than the average market price of the common shares for the period then ended.

8. Employee Benefit Plans

Defined Benefit Plans

        Prior to January 1, 2000, the pension plan for domestic salaried and non-union hourly employees had a benefit formula based primarily on years of service and compensation. Effective January 1, 2000, we converted our defined benefit plan for substantially all domestic salaried and certain hourly employees to a cash balance pension plan. Under the cash balance pension plan, the retirement benefit is expressed as a dollar amount in an account that grows with annual pay-based credits and interest on the account balance. The interest crediting rate under our cash balance plan is determined quarterly and is equal to 100% of the average 30-year treasury rate for the second month preceding the applicable quarter published by the Internal Revenue Service. The average interest crediting rate under our cash balance plan for the fiscal

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(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

8. Employee Benefit Plans (Continued)

year ended May 31, 2017 was 4.5%. Effective June 1, 2005, the existing cash balance plan was frozen and the annual pay-based credits were discontinued. Also effective June 1, 2005, the defined contribution plan was modified to include increased employer contributions and an enhanced profit sharing formula. Defined pension benefits for certain union hourly employees are based primarily on a fixed amount per year of service.

        We also have a defined benefit pension plan covering certain employees in the Netherlands. Benefit formulas are based generally on years of service and compensation.

        We provide eligible outside directors with benefits upon retirement on or after age 65 provided they have completed at least five years of service as a director. Benefits are paid quarterly in cash equal to 25% of the annual retainer fee payable to active outside directors. Payment of benefits commences upon retirement and continues for a period equal to the total number of years of the retired director's service up to a maximum of ten years, or death, whichever occurs first. In fiscal 2001, we terminated this plan for any new members of the Board of Directors first elected after May 31, 2001. No current directors participate in this plan.

        The change to our projected benefit obligation and the fair value of our plan assets for our pension plans in the United States and other countries was as follows:

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(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

8. Employee Benefit Plans (Continued)

        Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of the following:

        Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss at May 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, consisted of the following:

        For all of our pension plans, both the projected benefit obligation and the accumulated benefit obligation are in excess of the individual plans' assets. The accumulated benefit obligation for all pension plans was $140.0 million as of both May 31, 2017 and 2016.

Net Periodic Benefit Cost

        Pension expense charged to the Consolidated Statements of Income includes the following components:

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(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

8. Employee Benefit Plans (Continued)

        The estimated amounts to be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into expense during fiscal 2018 are as follows:

Assumptions

        The assumptions used in accounting for our plans are estimates of factors including, among other things, the amount and timing of future benefit payments. The following table presents the key weighted-average assumptions used in the measurement of our projected benefit obligations:

        A summary of the weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic pension expense is as follows:

        The discount rate was determined by projecting the expected future benefit payments as defined for the projected benefit obligation, discounting those expected payments using a theoretical zero-coupon spot yield curve derived from a universe of high-quality bonds as of the measurement date, and solving for the single equivalent discount rate that resulted in the same projected benefit obligation.

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(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

8. Employee Benefit Plans (Continued)

Plan Assets

        The following table sets forth the actual asset allocation and target allocations for our U.S. pension plans:

        The assets of U.S pension plans are invested in compliance with the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. The investment goals are to provide a total return that, over the long term, optimizes the long-term return on plan assets at an acceptable risk, and to maintain a broad diversification across asset classes and among investment managers. We believe that there are no significant concentrations of risk within our plan assets as of May 31, 2017. The use of derivatives for the purpose of speculation are not permitted. The assets of the U.S. pension plans are invested primarily in equity and fixed income mutual funds, individual common stocks, and fund-of-funds hedge funds. The assets of the non-domestic plan are invested in funds-of-funds where each fund holds a portfolio of equity and fixed income mutual funds.

        To develop our expected long-term rate of return assumption on domestic plans, we use long-term historical return information for our targeted asset mix and current market conditions. The expected return for each asset class is weighted based on the target asset allocation to develop the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets assumption. While consideration is given to recent performance, the assumption represents a long-term, prospective rate of return.

        The following table sets forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, pension plan assets at their fair value as of May 31, 2017:

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(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

8. Employee Benefit Plans (Continued)

        The following table sets forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, pension plan assets at their fair value as of May 31, 2016:

        The following table presents the reconciliation of Level 3 pension assets measured at fair value for the fiscal years ended May 31, 2017 and 2016:

Valuation Techniques Used to Determine Fair Value

        Cash equivalents are investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased. The fair values are based on observable market prices and categorized as Level 1.

        With respect to individually held equity securities, including investments in U.S. and international securities, the trustees obtain prices from pricing services, whose prices are obtained from direct feeds from market exchanges, which we are able to independently corroborate. Equity securities held

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(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

8. Employee Benefit Plans (Continued)

individually are primarily traded on exchanges that contain only actively traded securities, due to the volume trading requirements imposed by these exchanges. Equity securities are valued based on quoted prices in active markets and categorized as Level 1.

        Equity and fixed income mutual funds are maintained by investment companies that hold certain investments in accordance with a stated set of fund objectives, which are consistent with our overall investment strategy. The values of some of these funds are publicly quoted. For equity and fixed income mutual funds which are publicly quoted, the funds are valued based on quoted prices in active markets and have been categorized as Level 1. As our funds-of-funds investments are also derived from quoted prices in active markets, we have categorized the funds-of-funds investments as Level 2.

        Hedge fund investments include those seeking to maximize absolute returns using a broad range of strategies to enhance returns and provide additional diversification. The fair value of hedge funds is determined using net asset value or its equivalent subject to certain restrictions, such as a lock-up period. As we may be limited in our ability to redeem the investments at the measurement date or within a reasonable period of time, the hedge fund investments are categorized as Level 3.

Future Benefit Payments and Funding

        The following table summarizes our estimated future pension payments by fiscal year:

        Our contribution policy for the domestic plans is to contribute annually, at a minimum, an amount which is deductible for federal income tax purposes and that is sufficient to meet actuarially computed pension benefits. For our Netherlands pension plan, our policy is to fund at least the minimum amount required by the local laws and regulations. We anticipate contributing approximately $9.5 million to our pension plans during fiscal 2018.

Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions

        We provide health and life insurance benefits for certain eligible retirees. The postretirement plan is unfunded and in fiscal 1995, we completed termination of postretirement health and life insurance benefits attributable to future services of collective bargaining and other domestic employees. The unfunded projected benefit obligation for this plan was $0.7 million and $0.9 million as of May 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We have omitted substantially all of the required disclosures related to this plan because the plan is not material to our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

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(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

8. Employee Benefit Plans (Continued)

Defined Contribution Plan

        The defined contribution plan is a profit sharing plan that is intended to qualify as a 401(k) plan under the Internal Revenue Code. Under the plan, employees may contribute up to 75% of their pretax compensation, subject to applicable regulatory limits. We may make matching contributions up to 5% of compensation as well as discretionary profit sharing contributions. Our contributions vest on a pro-rata basis during the first three years of employment. We also provide profit sharing benefits for certain executives and key employees to supplement the benefits provided by the defined contribution plan. Expense charged to the Consolidated Statements of Income for our matching contributions, including profit sharing contributions, was $12.7 million in fiscal 2017, $11.2 million in fiscal 2016 and $12.1 million in fiscal 2015 for these plans.

9. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

        Changes in our accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCL") by component for each of the years in the three-year period ended May 31, 2017 were as follows:

10. Aircraft Portfolio

Aircraft Owned with Joint Venture Partners

        We have ownership interests in two aircraft with joint venture partners at May 31, 2017 which are available for lease or sale to commercial air carriers. Our equity investment was approximately $10.7 million and $15.0 million as of May 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and is included in Other noncurrent assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Our aircraft joint ventures primarily include

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(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

10. Aircraft Portfolio (Continued)

investments in limited liability companies that are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. For our aircraft joint ventures accounted for under the equity method of accounting, our membership interest is 50%, and the primary business of these joint ventures is the acquisition, ownership, lease and disposition of certain commercial aircraft. Aircraft were purchased with cash contributions by the members of the joint ventures and debt financing provided on a limited recourse basis. Under the terms of servicing agreements with certain of the joint ventures, we provide administrative services and technical advisory services, including aircraft evaluations, oversight and logistical support of the maintenance process and records management. We also provide evaluation and inspection services prior to the purchase of an aircraft and remarketing services with respect to the divestiture of aircraft by the joint ventures. During fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015, we were paid $1.2 million, $0.9 million and $0.1 million, respectively, for such services. The income tax benefit or expense related to the operations of the joint ventures is recorded by the member companies.

        Distributions from joint ventures are classified as operating or investing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows based upon an evaluation of the specific facts and circumstances of each distribution.

Wholly-Owned Aircraft

        In addition to the commercial aircraft owned with joint venture partners, we also previously owned 100% of two aircraft which we sold in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015 for $11.0 million. The carrying value of these two aircraft was $25.8 million which resulted in the recognition of a loss on sale of $14.8 million.

11. Commitments and Contingencies

        On October 3, 2003, we entered into a sale-leaseback transaction whereby we sold and leased back a facility located in Garden City, New York. The lease is classified as an operating lease. Net proceeds from the sale of the facility were $14.0 million and the cost and related accumulated depreciation of the facility of $9.5 million and $4.6 million, respectively, were removed from the Consolidated Balance Sheet at the time of sale. The gain realized on the sale of $9.1 million has been deferred and is being amortized over the 20-year lease term. As of May 31, 2017 and 2016, the unamortized balance of the deferred gain was approximately $2.9 million and $3.4 million, respectively, and is included in Other liabilities and deferred income on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

        During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, we entered into a sale-leaseback transaction for our two S-92 rotary-wing aircraft resulting in the recognition of a loss of $1.1 million. We received sales proceeds of $40.3 million in fiscal 2015 which were deferred as a sale-leaseback advance pending completion of the sale transactions. Both of the S-92 aircraft sales were completed in fiscal 2016 and the related leases ended in fiscal 2017.

        During fiscal 2016, we received proceeds of $38.5 million from sale-leaseback transactions for two AW-189 rotary-wing aircraft which are supporting search and rescue operations in the Falkland Islands. The $1.7 million gain realized on the sale was deferred and is being amortized over the lease term of ten years.

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(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

11. Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

        In addition to the leases described above, we lease other facilities and equipment under agreements that are classified as operating leases that expire at various dates through 2034. Future minimum payments under all operating leases at May 31, 2017 are as follows:

        Rental expense for facilities and equipment during fiscal years 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $31.9 million, $33.5 million, and $33.7 million, respectively.

        We enter into purchase obligations which arise in the ordinary course of business and represent a binding commitment to acquire inventory, including raw materials, parts and components, as well as equipment to support the operations of our business. The aggregate amount of purchase obligations due in each of the next five fiscal years is $231.2 million in 2018, $37.7 million in 2019, $1.4 million in 2020, $2.7 million in 2021 and none in 2022.

        We routinely issue letters of credit and performance bonds in the ordinary course of our business. These instruments are typically issued in conjunction with insurance contracts or other business requirements. The total of these instruments outstanding at May 31, 2017 was approximately $13.6 million.

        We are involved in various claims and legal actions, including environmental matters, arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

12. Other Noncurrent Assets

        At May 31, 2017 and 2016, other noncurrent assets consisted of the following:

License Fees

        In June 2011, we entered into a ten-year agreement with Unison Industries to be the exclusive worldwide aftermarket distributor for Unison's electrical components, sensors, switches and other systems

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(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

12. Other Noncurrent Assets (Continued)

for aircraft and industrial uses. In connection with the agreement, we agreed to pay Unison Industries $20.0 million for the exclusive distribution rights with $7.0 million paid in June 2011 and $1.3 million payable by January 31 of each calendar year beginning in January 2012 through 2021.

        As of May 31, 2017 and 2016, the unamortized balance of the license is $7.2 million and $8.8 million, respectively, and is being amortized over a ten-year period. The current portion of the deferred payments of $1.3 million is recorded in Accrued liabilities and the long-term portion of $3.2 million is included in Other liabilities and deferred income on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

13. Acquisitions

        On April 10, 2017, we acquired the trading business of ACLAS Global Limited ("ACLAS"). In conjunction with the acquisition, we entered into a multi-year component support and repair contract covering approximately 100 of ACLAS' aircraft. The purchase price of the acquisition was $12.0 million paid at closing with $3.0 million in deferred consideration payable over the next three years. This business operates as part of our Aviation Services segment.

        The amounts recorded for certain assets are preliminary in nature and are subject to adjustment as additional information is obtained about their acquisition date fair value. The final determination of the fair values will be completed within the one year measurement period. The preliminary fair value of assets acquired is as follows:

        On December 4, 2015, we acquired certain assets of Vantem Modular LLC, which designs, manufactures, and distributes modular shelters. The purchase price of the acquisition was $4.8 million paid at closing with future royalties of up to $5.0 million. This business operates as part of our Expeditionary Services segment.

        The fair value of net assets acquired is as follows:

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

14. Business Segment Information

Segment Reporting

        Consistent with how our chief operating decision making officer (Chief Executive Officer) evaluates performance and the way we are organized internally, we report our activities in two segments: Aviation Services comprised of supply chain and MRO activities and Expeditionary Services comprised of airlift and mobility activities.

        The Aviation Services segment consists of aftermarket support and services businesses that provide spares and maintenance support for aircraft operated by our commercial and government/defense customers. Sales in the Aviation Services segment are derived from the sale and lease of a wide variety of new, overhauled and repaired engine and airframe parts and components to the commercial aviation and government and defense markets. We provide customized inventory supply chain management, performance based logistics programs, aircraft component repair management services, and aircraft modifications. The segment also includes repair, maintenance and overhaul of aircraft, landing gear and components. Cost of sales consists principally of the cost of product, direct labor, and overhead.

        The Expeditionary Services segment consists of businesses that provide products and services supporting the movement of equipment and personnel by the U.S. DoD, foreign governments and non-governmental organizations. Sales in the Expeditionary Services segment are derived from the delivery of airlift services to mostly government and defense customers and the design and manufacture of pallets, shelters, and containers used to support the U.S. military's requirements for a mobile and agile force. We also provide engineering, design, and system integration services for specialized command and control systems and design and manufacture advanced composite materials for commercial, business and military aircraft. Cost of sales consists principally of aircraft maintenance costs, depreciation, the cost of material to manufacture products, direct labor and overhead.

        The accounting policies for the segments are the same as those described in Note 1. Our chief operating decision making officer (Chief Executive Officer) evaluates performance based on the reportable segments and utilizes gross profit as a primary profitability measure. Gross profit is calculated by subtracting cost of sales from sales. The assets and certain expenses related to corporate activities are not allocated to the segments. Our reportable segments are aligned principally around differences in products and services.

        Selected financial information for each segment is as follows:

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14. Business Segment Information (Continued)

 

 

 

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(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

14. Business Segment Information (Continued)

        The following table reconciles segment gross profit to income (loss) from continuing operations before provision for income taxes.

        The U.S. Department of Defense, other U.S. government agencies and their contractors are our only customers representing 10% or more of total sales in any of the last three fiscal years. Sales by segment for these customers are as follows:

        Sales by type of product/service was as follows:

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(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

14. Business Segment Information (Continued)

Geographic Data

        Sales to unaffiliated customers in foreign countries (including sales through foreign sales offices of domestic subsidiaries) were approximately $618.8 million (35.0% of total sales), $494.6 million (29.1% of total sales) and $538.9 million (33.2% of total sales) in fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

15. Legal Proceedings

        We are not a party to any material pending legal proceeding (including any governmental or environmental proceeding) other than routine litigation incidental to our business except for the following:

DynCorp International LLC v. AAR Airlift Group, Inc.

        On September 5, 2015, DynCorp International LLC ("DynCorp") filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida, Orlando Division (the "District Court"), accusing AAR Airlift Group, Inc. ("AAR Airlift"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of AAR CORP., of misappropriation of DynCorp information, including trade secrets, and other related allegations. DynCorp's complaint, which sought damages in an unspecified amount and a preliminary injunction, alleged that AAR Airlift engaged in this conduct in connection with the submission of proposals in response to the solicitation issued by the U.S. Department of State ("DOS") Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Office of Aviation ("INL/A") in support of the Global Aviation Support Services program. The INL/A contract was subsequently awarded to AAR Airlift on September 1, 2016 as described below under "Court of Federal Claims INL/A Proceeding".

        The District Court denied DynCorp's preliminary injunction motion, and on October 19, 2015, DynCorp filed an amended complaint with the District Court. On January 14, 2016, the District Court granted AAR Airlift's motion to dismiss DynCorp's amended complaint. On February 2, 2016, DynCorp appealed the District Court's order to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (the "Eleventh Circuit").

        On November 21, 2016, the Eleventh Circuit reversed in part the District Court's dismissal of the amended complaint and remanded the case to the District Court for further proceedings. The District Court set a discovery schedule that ends September 1, 2017 and a trial date of April 2, 2018.

        On June 16, 2017, the District Court granted AAR Airlift's motion to stay the legal proceeding against AAR Airlift. The stay will remain in effect until the earlier of (a) November 1, 2017 or (b) the entry of a decision of the United Stated Court of Federal Claims ("COFC"), on DynCorp's protest of the award of

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15. Legal Proceedings (Continued)

the INL/A contract to AAR Airlift. The District Court's stay immediately halted all discovery and other activity in the DynCorp lawsuit.

        AAR Airlift will continue to defend itself vigorously against DynCorp's lawsuit, which it believes is entirely without merit.

16. Selected Quarterly Data (Unaudited)

        The unaudited selected quarterly data for fiscal years ended May 31, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:

Fiscal 2017

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16. Selected Quarterly Data (Unaudited) (Continued)

Fiscal 2016

17. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

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ITEM 9.    CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

        Not Applicable.

ITEM 9A.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

        As required by Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of May 31, 2017. This evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures. Therefore, effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based upon our evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of May 31, 2017, ensuring that information required to be disclosed in the reports that are filed under the Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported in a timely manner.

        There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three-month period ended May 31, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

MANAGEMENT REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

        Management of AAR CORP. is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Act. The Company's internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems which are determined to be effective provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

        Management assessed the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting based on criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting described in the Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

        Based on our assessment, management concluded that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2017.

        KPMG LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, has issued a report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. That report appears below.

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders
AAR CORP.:

        We have audited AAR CORP.'s internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). AAR CORP.'s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management Report On Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

        We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

        A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

        Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

        In our opinion, AAR CORP. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

        We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of AAR CORP. and subsidiaries as of May 31, 2017 and 2016, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income (loss), changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended May 31, 2017, and our report dated July 12, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

Chicago, Illinois
July 12, 2017

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ITEM 9B.    OTHER INFORMATION

        Not applicable.

PART III

ITEM 10.    DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

        The information required by this item regarding the Directors of the Company and nominees for election of the Board is incorporated by reference to the information contained under the caption "Information about Our Director Nominees and Our Continuing Directors" in our definitive proxy statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

        The information required by this item regarding the Executive Officers of the Company appears under the caption "Supplemental Item: Executive Officers of the Registrant" following Part I, Item 4 above.

        The information required by this item regarding the compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is incorporated by reference to the information contained under the caption "Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance" in our definitive proxy statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

        The information required by this item regarding the identification of the Audit Committee as a separately-designated standing committee of the Board and the status of one or more members of the Audit Committee being an "audit committee financial expert" is incorporated by reference to the information contained under the caption "Corporate Governance—Board Committees" in our definitive proxy statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

        The information required by this item regarding our Code of Business Ethics and Conduct applicable to our directors, officers and employees is incorporated by reference to the information contained under the caption "Corporate Governance—Code of Business Ethics and Conduct" in our definitive proxy statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

        There have been no material changes to the procedures by which stockholders may recommend nominees to the Company's board of directors. The information regarding these procedures is incorporated by reference to the information contained under the caption "Corporate Governance—Director Nominations and Qualifications" in our definitive proxy statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

ITEM 11.    EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

        The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information contained under the following captions: (a) "Executive Compensation—Compensation Committee's Report on Executive Compensation for Fiscal 2017," (b) "Executive Compensation—Summary Compensation Table," (c) "Executive Compensation—Fiscal 2017 Grants of Plan-Based Awards," (d) "Executive Compensation—Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year End Table," (e) "Executive Compensation—Fiscal 2017 Option Exercises and Stock Vested," (f) "Executive Compensation—Fiscal 2017 Pension Benefits," (g) "Executive Compensation—Fiscal 2017 Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation," (h) "Executive Compensation—Potential Payments Upon Termination of Employment or Change in Control of the Company," (i) "Corporate Governance—Director Compensation," and (j) "Corporate Governance—Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation" in our definitive proxy statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

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ITEM 12.    SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

        The information required by this item regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management is incorporated by reference to the information contained under the caption "Security Ownership of Management and Others" in our definitive proxy statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

        The information required by this item regarding equity compensation plan information is incorporated by reference to the information contained under the caption "Equity Compensation Plan Information" in our definitive proxy statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

ITEM 13.    CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

        The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information contained under the captions "Corporate Governance—Director Independence" and "Corporate Governance—Related Person Transaction Policy" in our definitive proxy statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

ITEM 14.    PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

        The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information contained under the caption "Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Fees and Services" in our definitive proxy statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

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PART IV

ITEM 15.    EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a)(1) and (2) Financial Statements and Financial Statement Disclosures

        The following financial statements are filed as a part of this report under "Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data".

(a)(3)    Exhibits

        The Exhibits filed as part of this report are set forth in the Exhibit Index contained elsewhere herein. Management contracts and compensatory arrangements have been marked with an asterisk (*) on the Exhibit Index.

ITEM 16.    FORM 10-K SUMMARY

        Not applicable.

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        Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this annual report on Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this annual report on Form 10-K has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

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