Blueprint
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
 
 
FORM 6-K
 
 
REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER
PURSUANT TO RULE 13A-16 OR 15D-16
UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
August 03, 2018
 
Barclays PLC
(Name of Registrant)
 
1 Churchill Place
London E14 5HP
England
(Address of Principal Executive Office)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports
under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.
 
Form 20-F x Form 40-F
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant by furnishing the information
contained in this Form is also thereby furnishing the information to the
Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
 
Yes No x
 
If "Yes" is marked, indicate below the file number assigned to the registrant
in connection with Rule 12g3-2(b):
 
This Report on Form 6-K is filed by Barclays PLC.
 
This Report comprises:
 
Information given to The London Stock Exchange and furnished pursuant to
General Instruction B to the General Instructions to Form 6-K.
 
 
EXHIBIT INDEX
 
 
 
 
Half-year Report dated 02 August 2018
 
 


 
 
SIGNATURES
 
 
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
BARCLAYS PLC
 
(Registrant)
 
 
 
Date: August 03, 2018
 
 
 
By: /s/ Garth Wright
--------------------------------
 
Garth Wright
 
Assistant Secretary
 
 






 
 
Barclays PLC
Interim Results Announcement
 
30 June 2018
 
Table of Contents
 
Results Announcement
Page
Notes
1
Performance Highlights
2-3
Group Chief Executive Officer’s Review
4
Group Finance Director’s Review
5-7
Results by Business
 
Barclays UK
8-10
Barclays International
11-14
Head Office
15
Quarterly Results Summary
16
Quarterly Results by Business
17-22
Barclays Non-Core Results
23
Discontinued Operation Results
24
Performance Management
 
Margins and Balances
25
Risk Management
 
Risk Management and Principal Risks
26
Credit Risk
27-33
Market Risk
34
Treasury and Capital Risk
35-46
Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities
47
Independent Review Report to Barclays PLC
48
Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
49-54
Financial Statement Notes
55-93
Appendix: Non-IFRS Performance Measures
94-102
Shareholder Information
103
 
BARCLAYS PLC, 1 CHURCHILL PLACE, LONDON, E14 5HP, UNITED KINGDOM. TELEPHONE: +44 (0) 20 7116 1000. COMPANY NO. 48839.
 
Notes 
 
The terms Barclays or Barclays Group refer to Barclays PLC together with its subsidiaries. Unless otherwise stated, the income statement analysis compares the six months ended 30 June 2018 to the corresponding six months of 2017 and balance sheet analysis as at 30 June 2018 with comparatives relating to 31 December 2017 and 30 June 2017. The abbreviations ‘£m’ and ‘£bn’ represent millions and thousands of millions of Pounds Sterling respectively; the abbreviations ‘$m’ and ‘$bn’ represent millions and thousands of millions of US Dollars respectively; the abbreviations ‘€m’ and ‘€bn’ represent millions and thousands of millions of Euros respectively.
 
There are a number of key judgement areas, for example impairment calculations, which are based on models and which are subject to ongoing adjustment and modifications. Reported numbers reflect best estimates and judgements at the date these interim results were approved.
 
Relevant terms that are used in this document but are not defined under applicable regulatory guidance or International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are explained in the results glossary that can be accessed at home.barclays/results.
 
The information in this announcement, which was approved by the Board of Directors on 1 August 2018, does not comprise statutory accounts within the meaning of Section 434 of the Companies Act 2006. Statutory accounts for the year ended 31 December 2017, which included certain information required for the Joint Annual Report on Form 20-F of Barclays PLC and Barclays Bank PLC to the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and which contained an unqualified audit report under Section 495 of the Companies Act 2006 (which did not make any statements under Section 498 of the Companies Act 2006) have been delivered to the Registrar of Companies in accordance with Section 441 of the Companies Act 2006.
 
These results will be furnished as a Form 6-K to the SEC as soon as practicable following their publication. Once furnished with the SEC, copies of the Form 6-K will also be available from the Barclays Investor Relations website at home.barclays/results and from the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
 
Barclays is a frequent issuer in the debt capital markets and regularly meets with investors via formal road-shows and other ad hoc meetings. Consistent with its usual practice, Barclays expects that from time to time over the coming quarter it will meet with investors globally to discuss these results and other matters relating to the Barclays Group.
 
Non-IFRS performance measures
 
Barclays’ management believes that the non-IFRS performance measures included in this document provide valuable information to the readers of the financial statements as they enable the reader to identify a more consistent basis for comparing the businesses’ performance between financial periods and provide more detail concerning the elements of performance which the managers of these businesses are most directly able to influence or are relevant for an assessment of the Barclays Group. They also reflect an important aspect of the way in which operating targets are defined and performance is monitored by Barclays’ management. However, any non-IFRS performance measures in this document are not a substitute for IFRS measures and readers should consider the IFRS measures as well. Refer to the appendix on pages 94 to 102 for further information and calculations of non-IFRS performance measures included throughout this document, and the most directly comparable IFRS measures.
 
Forward-looking statements
 
This document contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the US Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 27A of the US Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with respect to the Barclays Group. Barclays cautions readers that no forward-looking statement is a guarantee of future performance and that actual results or other financial condition or performance measures could differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate only to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements sometimes use words such as ‘may’, ‘will’, ‘seek’, ‘continue’, ‘aim’, ‘anticipate’, ‘target’, ‘projected’, ‘expect’, ‘estimate’, ‘intend’, ‘plan’, ‘goal’, ‘believe’, ‘achieve’ or other words of similar meaning. Examples of forward-looking statements include, among others, statements or guidance regarding or relating to the Barclays Group’s future financial position, income growth, assets, impairment charges, provisions, business strategy, capital, leverage and other regulatory ratios, payment of dividends (including dividend payout ratios and expected payment strategies), projected levels of growth in the banking and financial markets, projected costs or savings, any commitments and targets, estimates of capital expenditures, plans and objectives for future operations, projected employee numbers, IFRS 9 impacts and other statements that are not historical fact. By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risk and uncertainty because they relate to future events and circumstances. These may be affected by changes in legislation, the development of standards and interpretations under International Financial Reporting Standards including the implementation of IFRS 9, evolving practices with regard to the interpretation and application of accounting and regulatory standards, the outcome of current and future legal proceedings and regulatory investigations, future levels of conduct provisions, the policies and actions of governmental and regulatory authorities, geopolitical risks and the impact of competition. In addition, factors including (but not limited to) the following may have an effect: capital, leverage and other regulatory rules applicable to past, current and future periods; UK, US, Eurozone and global macroeconomic and business conditions; the effects of any volatility in credit markets; market related risks such as changes in interest rates and foreign exchange rates; effects of changes in valuation of credit market exposures; changes in valuation of issued securities; volatility in capital markets; changes in credit ratings of any entities within the Barclays Group or any securities issued by such entities; the potential for one or more countries exiting the Eurozone; the implications of the exercise by the United Kingdom of Article 50 of the Treaty of Lisbon and the disruption that may result in the UK and globally from the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union; and the success of future acquisitions, disposals and other strategic transactions. A number of these influences and factors are beyond the Barclays Group’s control. As a result, the Barclays Group’s actual future results, dividend payments, and capital and leverage ratios may differ materially from the plans, goals, expectations and guidance set forth in the Barclays Group’s forward-looking statements. Additional risks and factors which may impact the Barclays Group’s future financial condition and performance are identified in our filings with the SEC (including, without limitation, our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended 31 December 2017), which are available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
 
Subject to our obligations under the applicable laws and regulations of the United Kingdom and the United States in relation to disclosure and ongoing information, we undertake no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. 
 
 Performance Highlights
 
Strong financial performance with increased profitability, driving an 11.6% return on tangible equity and earnings per share of 14.9p for H118, excluding litigation and conduct charges
 
Returns1:
Barclays Group return on tangible equity (RoTE) of 11.6%, with double digit returns in both Barclays UK and Barclays International
Remain on track to achieve Barclays Group medium term RoTE targets of greater than 9% in 2019 and greater than 10% in 2020
 
Cost efficiency1:
Barclays Group operating expenses decreased 5% to £6.7bn, driving an improved cost: income ratio of 61% (H117: 64%)
Remain on track for guidance on Barclays Group operating expenses of £13.6-13.9bn in 2019
 
Capital and dividends:
Common equity tier 1 (CET1) ratio was 13.0% (December 2017: 13.3%), at the end- state target of c.13%, as organic capital generation from profits was more than offset by a c.60bps impact from litigation and conduct charges in Q118, and a £6.3bn increase in risk weighted assets (RWAs)
 
 
Declared a dividend of 2.5p per share for H118 and reiterate the intention to pay a dividend of 6.5p per share for 2018, subject to regulatory approvals
 
 
Barclays Group profit before tax was £1,659m (H117: £2,341m), which included litigation and conduct charges of £2.0bn (H117: £0.7bn) principally related to a £1.4bn settlement with the US Department of Justice (DoJ) with regard to Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities (RMBS) and charges of £400m (H117: £700m) due to Payment Protection Insurance (PPI)
Excluding litigation and conduct charges, Group profit before tax increased 20% to £3,701m despite the adverse effect of the 10% depreciation of average USD against GBP. This increase in profit before tax was driven by a 46% improvement in credit impairment charges, primarily reflecting single name recoveries in wholesale banking, the improved macroeconomic forecasts in the US, and portfolio adjustments as IFRS 9 continues to embed, and a 5% reduction in operating expenses, mainly in the Corporate and Investment Bank (CIB)
Barclays UK profit before tax increased to £826m (H117: £634m). Excluding litigation and conduct, RoTE was 17.3% (H117: 20.3%) as profit before tax declined 7% to £1,240m, reflecting a 2% increase in operating expenses due to continued investment in digitising the bank, a 1% decrease in income and a 4% increase in credit impairment charges
Barclays International profit before tax increased to £2,710m (H117: £2,617m), driving an RoTE of 12.6% (H117: 12.4%), with double digit returns in both CIB and Consumer, Cards and Payments. The 4% increase in profit before tax was driven by a 74% decrease in credit impairment charges and a 1% reduction in operating expenses, while income declined 3%
Attributable profit was £468m (H117: loss of £1,211m) and basic earnings per share was 3.3p (H117: loss per share of 6.6p). Excluding litigation and conduct, earnings per share was 14.9p (H117: loss per share of 2.4p)
Tangible net asset value (TNAV) per share was 259p (December 2017: 276p) as the impact of the implementation of IFRS 9, and litigation and conduct charges in Q118 more than offset profits in the half year
 
1
Excluding litigation and conduct, with returns targets based on a Barclays Group CET1 ratio of c.13%.
 
Barclays Group results 
for the half year ended
 
 
 
30.06.18
30.06.17
 
£m
£m
% Change
Total income
10,934
10,881
-
Credit impairment charges and other provisions
(571)
(1,054)
46
Net operating income 
10,363
9,827
5
Operating expenses excluding litigation and conduct
(6,674)
(6,989)
5
Litigation and conduct1
(2,042)
(743)
 
Operating expenses
(8,716)
(7,732)
(13)
Other net income
12
246
(95)
Profit before tax
1,659
2,341
(29)
Tax charge
(737)
(778)
5
Profit after tax in respect of continuing operations
922
1,563
(41)
Loss after tax in respect of discontinued operation
-
(2,195)
 
Non-controlling interests in respect of continuing operations
(108)
(138)
22
Non-controlling interests in respect of discontinued operation
-
(140)
 
Other equity instrument holders2
(346)
(301)
(15)
Attributable profit/(loss)
468
(1,211)
 
 
 
 
 
Performance measures
 
 
 
Return on average tangible shareholders' equity2
2.6%
(4.6%)
 
Average tangible shareholders' equity (£bn)
 43.8
49.4
 
Cost: income ratio
80%
71%
 
Loan loss rate (bps)
35
49
 
Basic earnings/(loss) per share2
3.3p
(6.6p)
 
Basic earnings per share in respect of continuing operations2
3.3p
7.1p
 
Dividend per share 
2.5p
1.0p
 
 
 
 
 
Performance measures excluding litigation and conduct1
 
 
 
Profit before tax
3,701
3,084
20
Attributable profit/(loss)
2,457
(489)
 
Return on average tangible shareholders' equity2
11.6%
(1.6%)
 
Cost: income ratio
61%
64%
 
Basic earnings/(loss) per share2
14.9p
(2.4p)
 
 
 
 
 
 
As at
As at
As at
 
30.06.18
31.12.17
30.06.17
Balance sheet and capital management3
£bn
£bn
£bn
Tangible net asset value per share
259p
276p
284p
Common equity tier 1 ratio4
13.0%
13.3%
13.1%
Common equity tier 1 capital
41.4
41.6
42.8
Risk weighted assets
319.3
313.0
327.4
Average UK leverage ratio
4.6%
4.9%
4.8%
Average tier 1 capital
49.7
51.2
52.1
Average UK leverage exposure
1,082
1,045
1,092
 
 
 
 
Funding and liquidity
 
 
 
Group liquidity pool
214
220
201
CRD IV liquidity coverage ratio
154%
154%
149%
Loan: deposit ratio
83%
81%
82%
 
1
Refer to pages 94 to 102 for further information and calculations of performance measures excluding litigation and conduct.
2
The profit after tax attributable to other equity instrument holders of £346m (H117: £301m) is offset by a tax credit recorded in reserves of £93m (H117: £82m). The net amount of £253m (H117: £219m), along with non-controlling interests, is deducted from profit after tax in order to calculate earnings per share and return on average tangible shareholders’ equity.
3
Capital, RWAs and leverage measures are calculated applying the transitional arrangements of the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR). This includes IFRS 9 transitional arrangements. For more information refer to the Barclays PLC Pillar 3 Report H1 2018, due to be published by 31 August 2018, located at home.barclays/results.
4
The fully loaded CET1 ratio was 12.6%, with £40.1bn of CET1 capital and £319.2bn of RWAs, calculated without applying the transitional arrangements of the CRR.
 
Group Chief Executive Officer’s Review
 
“The first half of 2018 has been characterised by strong financial performance and increased profitability.
 
Our Group return on tangible equity (RoTE) was 11.6% and profit before tax was £3.7bn, excluding litigation and conduct.
 
Barclays’ CET1 capital ratio was 13.0%, driven by strong organic earnings growth and the regulatory deconsolidation of Barclays Africa.
 
Within the Group numbers, Barclays UK produced a RoTE of 17.3% for the half, powered by good performances in Personal Banking and Business Banking. Barclays International delivered a RoTE of 12.9%, with strong profits in Consumer, Cards and Payments, as well as the returns in the Markets division of our Corporate and Investment Bank, being particular highlights.
 
The second quarter, where we generated a Group RoTE of 12.3%, underlines the growing pace of delivery at Barclays. This is a business which is performing well, having addressed the challenges of the last decade.
 
It was the first quarter for some time with no significant litigation or conduct charges, restructuring costs, or other exceptional expenses which hit our profitability. In effect then, it is the first clear sight of the statutory performance of the business which we have re-engineered over the past two and a half years – Barclays’ transatlantic consumer and wholesale bank – and it is a positive sight.
 
We are also pleased to see the burgeoning impact of our Group-wide Service Company’s focus on operational effectiveness, remaining on track for our cost target range for 2019 whilst also creating headroom to invest in growth.
 
This means we can begin to target opportunities to drive even better customer and client service, fuel top line growth and generate further efficiency gains.
 
This first half performance shows a bank beginning to demonstrate its true potential and value. The numbers we have posted strengthen our confidence that Barclays can deliver attractive and sustainable profits, and in our ability to return a greater proportion of those profits to shareholders over time.”
 
James E Staley, Group Chief Executive Officer
 
Group Finance Director’s Review
 
The Barclays Group delivered double digit RoTE of 11.6% in the first half of 2018, driven by returns of 17.3% in Barclays UK and 12.9% in Barclays International, excluding litigation and conduct. Stable income and a reduction in operating expenses, excluding litigation and conduct, drove positive jaws resulting in a Group cost: income ratio of 61% for the first half. Progress was made on resolving significant outstanding legacy litigation and conduct matters, with the settlement with the US DoJ regarding RMBS and charges relating to PPI in Q118, which impacted statutory profits, TNAV and capital.
 
Barclays is now well-positioned to deliver strong earnings going forward, and remains confident of achieving its returns and cost targets. An interim dividend of 2.5p was declared, and Barclays reiterates its intention to pay a total dividend of 6.5p for 2018, subject to regulatory approvals.
 
Group performance
 
Profit before tax was £1,659m (H117: £2,341m). Excluding litigation and conduct charges, profit before tax increased 20% to £3,701m driven by a 46% improvement in credit impairment charges and a 5% reduction in operating expenses. The 10% depreciation of average USD against GBP adversely impacted profits and income, and positively impacted credit impairment charges and operating expenses
Total income was broadly in line at £10,934m (H117: £10,881m). Barclays UK income decreased 1%, while Barclays International income declined 3% as a 1% increase in CIB income was more than offset by an 11% reduction in Consumer, Cards and Payments, primarily as a result of one-off gains in H117 reflecting management de-risking actions. Head Office income was a net expense of £205m (H117: income of £2m), and the Group benefited from the non-recurrence of negative income associated with the former Non-Core division, which was closed on 1 July 2017
Credit impairment charges reduced 46% to £571m driven by Barclays International, primarily due to single name recoveries in wholesale banking, improved macroeconomic forecasts in the US, the impact of repositioning the US cards portfolio towards a lower risk mix, repayment of certain US card balances following higher than expected seasonality and portfolio adjustments as IFRS 9 continues to embed. The Barclays Group loan loss rate was 35bps (H117: 49bps)
Barclays adopted IFRS 9, Financial Instruments from 1 January 2018, requiring the recognition of impairment earlier in the lifecycle of a product having considered forward-looking information. As experienced during H118, the impairment measurement and resulting charge has been more volatile in response to the impacts from an improved macroeconomic outlook, higher than expected seasonality and single name recoveries. These impacts are not expected to repeat in a stable economic and credit environment. In addition, the H118 impairment charge included a non-recurring reduction from portfolio adjustments as IFRS 9 continues to be embedded within our business as usual process and controls including the performance of impairment models
Operating expenses of £8,716m (H117: £7,732m) included litigation and conduct charges of £2,042m (H117: £743m), excluding which, operating expenses reduced 5% to £6,674m, driven by a 2% reduction in Barclays International and the non-recurrence of costs associated with the former Non-Core division. The cost: income ratio, excluding litigation and conduct, reduced to 61% (H117: 64%)
Other net income declined to £12m (H117: £246m) primarily reflecting the non-recurrence of gains on the sales of Barclays’ share in VocaLink and a joint venture in Japan in H117
The effective tax rate increased to 44.4% (H117: 33.2%) mainly due to higher litigation and conduct costs which are non-deductible for tax purposes. Excluding litigation and conduct, the underlying effective tax rate reduced to 21.3% (H117: 25.9%), primarily due to the reduction in the US federal corporate income tax rate under the US Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and the beneficial impact of adjustments to prior periods that have been recognised in H118. The Group’s underlying effective tax rate for the full year 2018 and future periods is expected to be in the mid-20 percents
RoTE was 11.6% (H117: negative 1.6%) and earnings per share was 14.9p (H117: loss per share of 2.4p), excluding litigation and conduct
TNAV per share was 259p (December 2017: 276p) as the impact of the implementation of IFRS 9 and litigation and conduct charges in Q118 more than offset profits in the half year. TNAV per share increased 8p from March 2018, predominantly driven by profits in the quarter
Refer to pages 8 to 15 for further detail on Results by Business
 
Group capital and leverage
 
Barclays’ CET1 ratio decreased to 13.0% (December 2017: 13.3%) due to an increase in RWAs of £6.3bn to £319.3bn and a decrease in CET1 capital of £0.2bn to £41.4bn
The increase in RWAs reflected an increase in both businesses within Barclays International and regulatory methodology changes for the Education, Social Housing and Local Authority (ESHLA) portfolio in Barclays UK, offset by the net reduction due to Barclays Africa Group Limited (BAGL) regulatory deconsolidation
£0.8bn of organic capital generation from profits, after absorbing the impacts of litigation and conduct charges, was offset by £0.8bn of regulatory deductions for dividends paid and foreseen
The average UK leverage ratio decreased to 4.6% (December 2017: 4.9%) primarily driven by increased exposures due to securities financing transactions (SFTs) and trading portfolio assets trading activity, as well as a decrease in average tier 1 capital
 
Group funding and liquidity
 
The Barclays Group continued to maintain surpluses to its internal and regulatory liquidity requirements. The liquidity pool decreased to £214bn (December 2017: £220bn) driven largely by the deployment of funding to support business growth. The liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) remained at 154% (December 2017: 154%), equivalent to a surplus of £73bn (December 2017: £75bn) to the 100% requirement
Wholesale funding outstanding (excluding repurchase agreements) was £149bn (December 2017: £144bn). In H118, Barclays Group issued £6.2bn of minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities (MREL) instruments from Barclays PLC (the Parent company) in a range of different currencies. Barclays Bank PLC continued to issue in the shorter term markets and Barclays Bank UK PLC issued in the shorter term and secured markets, helping to maintain their stable and diversified funding bases. Notable issuances in H118 included $3bn 3 year senior unsecured notes from Barclays Bank PLC and a £1.25bn 5 year covered bond from Barclays Bank UK PLC. Barclays Group has continued to reduce its reliance on short-term wholesale funding, where the proportion maturing in less than 1 year fell to 27% (December 2017: 31%)
 
Other matters
 
In H118 Barclays reached a settlement with the US DoJ to resolve the civil complaint brought by the DoJ in December 2016 relating to RMBS sold by Barclays between 2005 and 2007. Barclays paid a civil monetary penalty of $2,000m (£1,420m) in H118
Additional charges of £400m (H117: £700m) relating to PPI were recognised in Q118 mainly as a result of continued higher complaints flow. The remaining PPI provision as at 30 June 2018 was £1.4bn (December 2017: £1.6bn) to cover claims through to the deadline of 29 August 2019. Management views its current PPI provision as appropriate, but will continue to closely monitor complaint trends and the associated provision adequacy
On 1 April 2018 Barclays successfully established its ring-fenced bank, Barclays Bank UK PLC, after receiving approval from the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) and the High Court of Justice of England and Wales to implement the ring-fencing transfer scheme under Part VII of the Financial Services Markets Act 2000
The PRA agreed to Barclays fully deconsolidating BAGL for regulatory reporting purposes effective 30 June 2018. Barclays had been applying proportional consolidation for regulatory purposes since Q217. Barclays' shareholding in BAGL of 14.9% will now be treated as a 250% risk weighted asset
On 21 May 2018 Barclays announced that the Crown Court had dismissed all of the charges that had been brought by the Serious Fraud Office (SFO) against Barclays PLC and Barclays Bank PLC regarding matters which arose in the context of Barclays’ capital raisings in 2008. On 23 July 2018 the SFO made an application to the High Court seeking to reinstate against Barclays PLC and Barclays Bank PLC all of the charges dismissed by the Crown Court. Barclays intends to defend the application brought by the SFO
 
Outlook and guidance
 
Barclays is confident in the execution of its strategy and remains on track to achieve its RoTE1 targets of greater than 9% for 2019 and greater than 10% for 2020 based on a CET1 ratio of c.13%, and operating expenses1 guidance in the range of £13.6–13.9bn for 2019. The Group’s H118 results reflect good progress towards these targets
For H218, which will be subject to seasonal effects as usual, it is too early to provide comments on expected performance, although income in Barclays UK is anticipated to remain steady despite some margin pressures, while Barclays International income will be influenced in part by conditions across investment banking markets, where volatility has been low in July
The impairment charge for H118 demonstrates the volatility that may result under IFRS 9 and Barclays currently expects impairment for H218 to be higher than for H118, subject to changes in actual or forward-looking macroeconomic conditions or material changes to individual portfolios or changes from the continuing embedment of IFRS 9
Operating expenses1 for 2018 are expected to be in the region of £13.9bn including bank levy, subject to exchange rates, reflecting continuing investment in the Group’s businesses    
 
Dividends
 
An interim dividend of 2.5p per share will be paid on 17 September 2018. Barclays reiterates its intention to pay a 6.5p dividend for 2018, subject to regulatory approvals
 
Tushar Morzaria, Group Finance Director
 
1
Excluding litigation and conduct, with returns targets based on a Barclays Group CET1 ratio of c.13.0%.
 
Results by Business
 
Barclays UK
Half year ended
Half year ended
 
30.06.18
30.06.17
 
Income statement information
£m
£m
% Change
Net interest income
2,986
3,045
(2)
Net fee, commission and other income
638
616
4
Total income
3,624
3,661
(1)
Credit impairment charges and other provisions
(415)
(398)
(4)
Net operating income
3,209
3,263
(2)
Operating expenses excluding litigation and conduct
(1,973)
(1,933)
(2)
Litigation and conduct1
(414)
(695)
40
Operating expenses
(2,387)
(2,628)
9
Other net income/(expenses)
4
(1)
 
Profit before tax
826
634
30
Attributable profit
426
185
 
 
 
 
 
 
As at 30.06.18
As at 31.12.17
As at 30.06.17
Balance sheet information
£bn
£bn
£bn
Loans and advances to customers at amortised cost
185.3
183.8
166.6
Total assets
245.9
237.4
203.4
Customer deposits at amortised cost
194.3
193.4
187.4
Loan: deposit ratio
96%
95%
89%
Risk weighted assets
75.0
70.9
66.1
Period end allocated tangible equity
10.2
9.6
8.6
 
 
 
 
 
Half year ended
Half year ended
 
Key facts
30.06.18
30.06.17
 
Average loan to value of mortgage portfolio
50%
47%
 
Average loan to value of new mortgage lending
64%
62%
 
Number of branches
1,155
1,295
 
Mobile banking active customers
6.7m
6.0m
 
30 day arrears rate - Barclaycard Consumer UK
1.9%
2.0%
 
 
 
 
 
Performance measures
 
 
 
Return on average allocated tangible equity
9.0%
4.6%
 
Average allocated tangible equity (£bn)
10.0
8.8
 
Cost: income ratio
66%
72%
 
Loan loss rate (bps)
44
47
 
Net interest margin
3.24%
3.69%
 
 
 
 
 
Performance measures excluding litigation and conduct1
£m
£m
 
Profit before tax
1,240
1,329
(7)
Attributable profit
838
873
(4)
Return on average allocated tangible equity
17.3%
20.3%
 
Cost: income ratio
54%
53%
 
 
1
Refer to pages 94 to 102 for further information and calculations of performance measures excluding litigation and conduct.
 
Analysis of Barclays UK
Half year ended
Half year ended
 
30.06.18
30.06.17
 
Analysis of total income
£m
£m
% Change
Personal Banking1
1,987
2,076
(4)
Barclaycard Consumer UK
1,031
993
4
Business Banking1
606
592
2
Total income
3,624
3,661
(1)
 
 
 
 
Analysis of credit impairment charges and other provisions
 
 
 
Personal Banking1
(121)
(108)
(12)
Barclaycard Consumer UK
(252)
(272)
7
Business Banking1
(42)
(18)
 
Total credit impairment charges and other provisions
(415)
(398)
(4)
 
 
 
 
 
As at 30.06.18
As at 31.12.17
As at 30.06.17
Analysis of loans and advances to customers at amortised cost
£bn
£bn
£bn
Personal Banking1
143.6
141.3
138.6
Barclaycard Consumer UK
15.2
16.4
16.2
Business Banking1
26.5
26.1
11.8
Total loans and advances to customers at amortised cost
185.3
183.8
166.6
 
 
 
 
Analysis of customer deposits at amortised cost
 
 
 
Personal Banking1
152.9
153.1
151.1
Barclaycard Consumer UK
-
-
-
Business Banking1
41.4
40.3
36.3
Total customer deposits at amortised cost
194.3
193.4
187.4
 
1
Wealth has been reclassified from Wealth, Entrepreneurs & Business Banking (now named Business Banking) to Personal Banking. Comparatives have been restated.
 
In H118, Barclays successfully established the UK ring-fenced bank as part of structural reform whilst seamlessly migrating over 600,000 customers onto new sort codes with minimal customer impact. Barclays UK continues to have strong market positions across most products, whilst exercising pricing discipline and a prudent risk appetite. Barclays UK is focused on generating sustainable income growth and the digital evolution of the business.
 
Income statement - H118 compared to H117
 
RoTE was 9.0% (H117: 4.6%) including PPI charges of £400m (H117: £700m). Excluding litigation and conduct, RoTE was 17.3% (H117: 20.3%) as profit before tax decreased 7% to £1,240m, driven by a 2% increase in operating expenses, a 1% decrease in total income, and a 4% increase in credit impairment charges
Total income decreased 1% to £3,624m reflecting the non-recurrence of a valuation gain on Barclays’ preference shares in Visa Inc. in H117 and customer remediation provisions in Q118
 
Personal Banking income decreased 4% to £1,987m driven by the non-recurrence of the Visa gain in H117, a customer remediation provision and the realignment of clients from Barclays UK to Barclays International as part of structural reform
 
Barclaycard Consumer UK income increased 4% to £1,031m
 
Business Banking income increased 2% to £606m driven by the realignment of clients from Barclays International to Barclays UK as part of structural reform, partially offset by the non-recurrence of the Visa gain and a customer remediation provision
 
Net interest margin decreased 45bps to 3.24% reflecting the integration of the ESHLA portfolio from Non-Core on 1 July 2017 and margin pressure
Credit impairment charges increased 4% to £415m including a one-off charge in Business Banking and increased impairment in Personal Banking, partially offset by a lower charge in UK cards. The 30 and 90 day arrears rates in UK cards remained broadly flat at 1.9% (June 2017: 2.0%) and 0.9% (June 2017: 0.9%), respectively
Operating expenses excluding litigation and conduct increased 2% to £1,973m as continued investment in digitising the bank and inflationary pressures were partially offset by lower costs of setting up the ring-fenced bank and cost efficiencies. The cost: income ratio excluding litigation and conduct was 54% (H117: 53%)
 
Balance sheet - 30 June 2018 compared to 31 December 2017
 
Loans and advances to customers at amortised cost increased 1% to £185.3bn reflecting £2.6bn of mortgage growth, partially offset by the impact of IFRS 9
Total assets increased 4% to £245.9bn reflecting increases in the liquidity pool and loans and advances to customers
Customer deposits at amortised cost remained broadly flat at £194.3bn (December 2017: £193.4bn) as deposit growth was partially offset by the realignment of clients between Barclays UK and Barclays International as part of structural reform
RWAs increased to £75.0bn (December 2017: £70.9bn) primarily due to regulatory methodology changes for the ESHLA portfolio and growth in the mortgage book
 
Barclays International
Half year ended
Half year ended
 
30.06.18
30.06.17
 
Income statement information
£m
£m
% Change
Net interest income
1,866
2,172
(14)
Net trading income
2,510
2,221
13
Net fee, commission and other income
3,139
3,355
(6)
Total income
7,515
7,748
(3)
Credit impairment charges and other provisions
(161)
(625)
74
Net operating income
7,354
7,123
3
Operating expenses excluding litigation and conduct
(4,606)
(4,711)
2
Litigation and conduct1
(62)
(9)
 
Operating expenses
(4,668)
(4,720)
1
Other net income
24
214
(89)
Profit before tax
2,710
2,617
4
Attributable profit
1,863
1,656
13
 
 
 
 
 
As at 30.06.18
As at 31.12.17
As at 30.06.17
Balance sheet information
£bn
£bn
£bn
Loans and advances at amortised cost
125.5
126.8
135.2
Trading portfolio assets
116.5
113.0
83.3
Derivative financial instrument assets
228.2
236.2
108.4
Derivative financial instrument liabilities
224.9
237.8
116.8
Financial assets at fair value through the income statement
141.2
104.1
94.1
Total assets
886.5
856.1
681.6
Deposits at amortised cost
191.0
187.3
192.0
Loan: deposit ratio
66%
68%
70%
Risk weighted assets
218.0
210.3
212.2
Period end allocated tangible equity
30.5
27.5
26.8
 
 
 
 
 
Half year ended
Half year ended
 
Performance measures
30.06.18
30.06.17
 
Return on average allocated tangible equity
12.6%
12.4%
 
Average allocated tangible equity (£bn)
30.7
27.5
 
Cost: income ratio
62%
61%
 
Loan loss rate (bps)
25
61
 
Net interest margin
4.30%
4.06%
 
 
 
 
 
Performance measures excluding litigation and conduct1
£m
£m
% Change
Profit before tax
2,772
2,626
6
Attributable profit
1,909
1,662
15
Return on average allocated tangible equity
12.9%
12.5%
 
Cost: income ratio
61%
61%
 
 
1
Refer to pages 94 to 102 for further information and calculations of performance measures excluding litigation and conduct.
 
Analysis of Barclays International
 
 
 
Corporate and Investment Bank
Half year ended
Half year ended
 
30.06.18
30.06.17
 
Income statement information
£m
£m
% Change
FICC1
1,605
1,641
(2)
Equities
1,191
917
30
Markets
2,796
2,558
9
Banking fees
1,387
1,400
(1)
Corporate lending
438
547
(20)
Transaction banking
799
802
-
Banking
2,624
2,749
(5)
Other
(41)
39
 
Total income
5,379
5,346
1
Credit impairment releases/(charges) and other provisions
182
(50)
 
Net operating income
5,561
5,296
5
Operating expenses excluding litigation and conduct
(3,546)
(3,690)
4
Litigation and conduct2
(13)
(7)
(86)
Operating expenses
(3,559)
(3,697)
4
Other net income
8
116
(93)
Profit before tax
2,010
1,715
17
 
 
 
 
 
As at 30.06.18
As at 31.12.17
As at 30.06.17
Balance sheet information
£bn
£bn
£bn
Loans and advances at amortised cost
87.8
88.2
96.7
Deposits at amortised cost
130.3
128.0
134.1
Risk weighted assets
180.4
176.2
178.9
 
 
 
 
 
Half year ended
Half year ended
 
Performance measures
30.06.18
30.06.17
 
Return on average allocated tangible equity
11.0%
9.7%
 
Average allocated tangible equity (£bn)
26.0
23.3
 
 
 
 
 
Performance measures excluding litigation and conduct2
£m
£m
% Change
Profit before tax
2,023
1,722
17
Return on average allocated tangible equity
11.1%
9.7%
 
 
1
Fixed income, currencies and commodities (FICC) is composed of Credit and Macro income.
2
Refer to pages 94 to 102 for more information and calculations of performance measures excluding litigation and conduct.
 
Analysis of Barclays International
 
 
 
Consumer, Cards and Payments
Half year ended
Half year ended
 
30.06.18
30.06.17
 
Income statement information
£m
£m
% Change
Total income
2,136
2,402
(11)
Credit impairment charges and other provisions
(343)
(575)
40
Net operating income
1,793
1,827
(2)
Operating expenses excluding litigation and conduct
(1,060)
(1,021)
(4)
Litigation and conduct1
(49)
(2)
 
Operating expenses
(1,109)
(1,023)
(8)
Other net income
16
98
(84)
Profit before tax
700
902
(22)
 
 
 
 
 
As at 30.06.18
As at 31.12.17
As at 30.06.17
Balance sheet information
£bn
£bn
£bn
Loans and advances at amortised cost
37.7
38.6
38.5
Deposits at amortised cost
60.7
59.3
57.9
Risk weighted assets
37.6
34.1
33.3
 
 
 
 
 
Half year ended
Half year ended
 
Key facts
30.06.18
30.06.17
 
30 day arrears rate – Barclaycard US
2.5%
2.2%
 
Total number of Barclaycard business clients
370,000
 364,000
 
Value of payments processed (£bn)
169
157
 
 
 
 
 
Performance measures
 
 
 
Return on average allocated tangible equity
21.2%
28.0%
 
Average allocated tangible equity (£bn)
4.7
4.2
 
 
 
 
 
Performance measures excluding litigation and conduct1
£m
£m
% Change
Profit before tax
749
904
(17)
Return on average allocated tangible equity
22.7%
28.0%
 
 
1
Refer to pages 94 to 102 for more information and calculations of performance measures excluding litigation and conduct.
 
In H118, Barclays International delivered double digit returns continuing to build out our capabilities and businesses. The targeted deployment of financial resources, and investments in talent and technology has generated greater customer relevance in all products and regions - underlying growth in Consumer, Cards and Payments, strong performance in Markets, and our second highest quarter in Banking fees – strong evidence of continuing to progress with the strategy. 
 
Income statement - H118 compared to H117 
 
Profit before tax increased 4% to £2,710m resulting in a RoTE of 12.6% (H117: 12.4%), reflecting double digit returns in both CIB, and Consumer, Cards and Payments of 11.0% (H117: 9.7%) and 21.2% (H117: 28.0%), respectively
The 10% depreciation of average USD against GBP adversely impacted profits and income, and positively impacted credit impairment charges and operating expenses
Total income decreased 3% to £7,515m
 
CIB income increased 1% to £5,379m as Markets income increased 9% to £2,796m, partially offset by a decrease in Banking income of 5% to £2,624m
 
 
FICC income decreased 2% to £1,605m driven by continued strong performance in foreign exchange, offset by a decline in credit income
 
 
Equities income increased 30% to £1,191m reflecting an improved performance in derivatives from increased client activity and a continued strong performance in equity financing
 
 
Banking fee income decreased 1% to £1,387m following a strong H117. Global fee share for H118 increased across all products compared to FY17
 
 
Corporate lending income declined 20% to £438m driven by lower lending balances including the ongoing redeployment of RWAs within CIB and the realignment of clients between Barclays UK and Barclays International as part of structural reform
 
 
Transaction banking income was in line at £799m (H117: £802m) as growth in deposits and transactions was offset by the impact of the realignment of clients between Barclays UK and Barclays International as part of structural reform
 
Consumer, Cards and Payments income decreased 11% to £2,136m driven by the non-recurrence of a £192m gain relating to an asset sale in US cards and a £74m valuation gain on Barclays’ preference shares in Visa Inc. in H117, partially offset by continued underlying growth in US cards and a £53m gain on sale of a US cards portfolio in H118
Credit impairment charges decreased 74% to £161m including portfolio adjustments as IFRS 9 continues to embed
 
CIB credit impairment charges decreased to a release of £182m (H117: charge of £50m) primarily due to single name recoveries and updated macroeconomic forecasts
 
Consumer, Cards and Payments credit impairment charges decreased 40% to £343m reflecting improved macroeconomic forecasts in the US, the impact of repositioning the US cards portfolio towards a lower risk mix and repayment of certain US card balances following higher than expected seasonality
Operating expenses decreased 1% to £4,668m
 
CIB operating expenses decreased 4% to £3,559m driven by the reduction of restructuring and structural reform costs, and the reduced impact of the change in compensation awards introduced in Q416, partially offset by continued investment
 
Consumer, Cards and Payments operating expenses increased 8% to £1,109m. Excluding litigation and conduct operating expenses increased 4% to £1,060m including continued growth and investment, primarily within the US cards and merchant acquiring businesses
Other net income decreased to £24m (H117: £214m) due to the non-recurrence of a gain of £109m on the sale of Barclays’ share in VocaLink to MasterCard and a gain of £76m on the sale of a joint venture in Japan in H117
 
Balance sheet - 30 June 2018 compared to 31 December 2017
 
Loans and advances at amortised cost remained broadly flat at £125.5bn (December 2017: £126.8bn) due to the integration of treasury balances from Head Office offset by the impact of the adoption of IFRS 9
Derivative financial instrument assets and liabilities decreased £8.0bn to £228.2bn and £12.9bn to £224.9bn respectively, due to an increase in major interest rate forward curves and the adoption of daily settlement under the London Clearing House (LCH), partially offset by increased foreign exchange derivative volumes
Financial assets at fair value through the income statement increased £37.1bn to £141.2bn primarily due to the impact of IFRS 9 and increased reverse repurchase agreements activity
Deposits at amortised cost increased £3.7bn to £191.0bn, primarily due to the integration of treasury balances from Head Office and increased deposits in corporate lending, partially offset by the impact of IFRS 9
RWAs increased to £218.0bn (December 2017: £210.3bn) driven by an increase in both Consumer, Cards and Payments and CIB
 
Head Office
Half year ended
Half year ended
 
30.06.18
30.06.17
 
Income statement information
£m
£m
% Change
Net interest income
(474)
(7)
 
Net fee, commission and other income
269
9
 
Total income
(205)
2
 
Credit impairment releases/(charges) and other provisions
5
(1)
 
Net operating (expenses)/income
(200)
1
 
Operating expenses excluding litigation and conduct
(95)
(89)
(7)
Litigation and conduct1
(1,566)
(11)
 
Operating expenses
(1,661)
(100)
 
Other net expenses
(16)
(164)
90
Loss before tax
(1,877)
(263)
 
Attributable loss
(1,821)
(298)
 
 
 
 
 
 
As at 30.06.18
As at 31.12.17
As at 30.06.17
Balance sheet information
£bn
£bn
£bn
Total assets
17.2
39.7
17.3
Risk weighted assets
26.3
31.8
26.2
Period end allocated tangible equity
3.6
10.0
9.0
 
 
 
 
 
Half year ended
Half year ended
 
 
30.06.18
30.06.17
 
Performance measures
£bn
£bn
 
Average allocated tangible equity
3.1
8.2
 
 
 
 
 
Performance measures excluding litigation and conduct1
£m
£m
% Change
Loss before tax
(311)
(252)
(23)
Attributable loss
(290)
(290)
-
 
1
Refer to pages 94 to 102 for further information and calculations of performance measures excluding litigation and conduct.
 
Income statement - H118 compared to H117
 
Loss before tax was £1,877m (H117: £263m) driven by litigation and conduct charges of £1,566m (H117: £11m) primarily related to the £1.4bn settlement with the US DoJ relating to RMBS
Total income reduced to an expense of £205m (H117: income of £2m) reflecting certain legacy capital instrument funding costs now charged to Head Office of £176m in H118, hedge accounting and an increased net expense from treasury operations. This was partially offset by a one-off gain of £155m from the settlement of receivables relating to the Lehman Brothers acquisition
Operating expenses excluding litigation and conduct increased 7% to £95m due to costs associated with former Non-Core assets and businesses, which were integrated on 1 July 2017
Other net expenses were £16m (H117: £164m) due to the non-recurrence of a £180m expense in H117 on the recycling of the currency translation reserve to the income statement on the sale of Barclays Bank Egypt
 
Balance sheet - 30 June 2018 compared to 31 December 2017
 
Total assets decreased to £17.2bn (December 2017: £39.7bn) reflecting the transfer of treasury assets to Barclays UK and Barclays International as part of structural reform
RWAs decreased to £26.3bn (December 2017: £31.8bn) reflecting the net reduction due to BAGL regulatory deconsolidation
 
Quarterly Results Summary
 
Barclays Group
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q218
Q118
 
Q417
Q317
Q2171
Q1171
 
Q4161
Q3161
Income statement information
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
Net interest income
2,190
2,188
 
2,272
2,475
2,579
2,519
 
2,523
2,796
Net fee, commission and other income
3,386
3,170
 
2,750
2,698
2,479
3,304
 
2,469
2,650
Total income
5,576
5,358
 
5,022
5,173
5,058
5,823
 
4,992
5,446
Credit impairment charges and other provisions 
(283)
(288)
 
(573)
(709)
(527)
(527)
 
(653)
(789)
Net operating income 
5,293
5,070
 
4,449
4,464
4,531
5,296
 
4,339
4,657
Operating expenses excluding UK bank levy and litigation and conduct
(3,310)
(3,364)
 
(3,621)
(3,274)
(3,398)
(3,591)
 
(3,812)
(3,581)
UK bank levy 
-
-
 
(365)
-
-
-
 
(410)
-
Litigation and conduct2
(81)
(1,961)
 
(383)
(81)
(715)
(28)
 
(97)
(741)
Operating expenses
(3,391)
(5,325)
 
(4,369)
(3,355)
(4,113)
(3,619)
 
(4,319)
(4,322)
Other net (expenses)/income
(7)
19
 
13
(2)
241
5
 
310
502
Profit/(loss) before tax
1,895
(236)
 
93
1,107
659
1,682
 
330
837
Tax (charge)/credit
(433)
(304)
 
(1,138)
(324)
(305)
(473)
 
50
(328)
Profit/(loss) after tax in respect of continuing operations
1,462
(540)
 
(1,045)
783
354
1,209
 
380
509
(Loss)/profit after tax in respect of discontinued operation
-
-
 
-
-
(1,537)
(658)
 
71
209
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Attributable to:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ordinary equity holders of the parent
1,232
(764)
 
(1,294)
583
(1,401)
190
 
99
414
Other equity instrument holders
175
171
 
181
157
162
139
 
139
110
Non-controlling interests in respect of continuing operations
55
53
 
68
43
59
79
 
90
70
Non-controlling interests in respect of discontinued operation
-
-
 
-
-
(3)
143
 
123
124
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance sheet information
£bn
£bn
 
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
 
£bn
£bn
Total assets
1,149.6
1,142.2
 
1,133.2
1,149.3
1,135.3
1,203.8
 
1,213.1
1,324.0
Tangible net asset value per share
259p
251p
 
276p
281p
284p
292p
 
290p
287p
Risk weighted assets
319.3
317.9
 
313.0
324.3
327.4
360.9
 
365.6
373.4
Average UK leverage exposure
1,081.8
1,089.9
 
1,044.6
1,035.1
1,092.2
1,130.4
 
1,137.3
n/a
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performance measures
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average tangible shareholders' equity
11.8%
(6.5%)
 
(10.3%)
5.1%
(11.0%)
1.8%
 
1.1%
3.6%
Average tangible shareholders' equity
43.5
44.2
 
48.1
48.9
49.3
49.4
 
48.9
49.4
Cost: income ratio 
61%
99%
 
87%
65%
81%
62%
 
87%
79%
Loan loss rate (bps)
35
36
 
56
66
49
47
 
58
66
Basic earnings/(loss) per share
7.5p
(4.2p)
 
(7.3p)
3.7p
(8.0p)
1.3p
 
0.8p
2.6p
Basic earnings/(loss) per share in respect of continuing operations
7.5p
(4.2p)
 
(7.3p)
3.7p
1.0p
6.1p
 
1.1p
2.1p
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performance measures excluding litigation and conduct2
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
Profit before tax
1,976
1,725
 
476
1,188
1,374
1,710
 
427
1,578
Attributable profit/(loss)
1,291
1,166
 
(943)
660
(698)
209
 
151
1,140
Return on average tangible shareholders' equity
12.3%
11.0%
 
(7.4%)
5.7%
(5.3%)
2.0%
 
1.6%
9.5%
Cost: income ratio
59%
63%
 
79%
63%
67%
62%
 
85%
66%
Basic earnings/(loss) per share
7.8p
7.1p
 
(5.3p)
4.1p
(3.8p)
1.5p
 
1.1p
6.9p
 
1
Results included Barclays Non-Core and the Africa Banking discontinued operation; refer to pages 23 to 24 for further detail.
2
Refer to pages 94 to 102 for further information and calculations of performance measures excluding litigation and conduct.
 
Quarterly Results by Business
 
Barclays UK
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q218
Q118
 
Q417
Q317
Q217
Q117
 
Q416
Q316
Income statement information
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
Net interest income
1,493
1,493
 
1,540
1,501
1,534
1,511
 
1,502
1,569
Net fee, commission and other income
343
295
 
330
351
286
330
 
326
374
Total income
1,836
1,788
 
1,870
1,852
1,820
1,841
 
1,828
1,943
Credit impairment charges and other provisions 
(214)
(201)
 
(184)
(201)
(220)
(178)
 
(180)
(350)
Net operating income 
1,622
1,587
 
1,686
1,651
1,600
1,663
 
1,648
1,593
Operating expenses excluding UK bank levy and litigation and conduct
(968)
(1,005)
 
(1,117)
(980)
(974)
(959)
 
(989)
(904)
UK bank levy 
-
-
 
(59)
-
-
-
 
(48)
-
Litigation and conduct1
(3)
(411)
 
(53)
(11)
(699)
4
 
(28)
(614)
Operating expenses
(971)
(1,416)
 
(1,229)
(991)
(1,673)
(955)
 
(1,065)
(1,518)
Other net income/(expenses)
5
(1)
 
(5)
1
(1)
-
 
-
-
Profit/(loss) before tax
656
170
 
452
661
(74)
708
 
583
75
Attributable profit/(loss)
464
(38)
 
245
423
(285)
470
 
383
(163)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance sheet information
£bn
£bn
 
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
 
£bn
£bn
Loans and advances to customers at amortised cost
185.3
184.3
 
183.8
182.2
166.6
164.5
 
166.4
166.6
Total assets
245.9
235.2
 
237.4
230.4
203.4
203.0
 
209.6
209.1
Customer deposits at amortised cost
194.3
192.0
 
193.4
189.3
187.4
184.4
 
189.0
185.5
Loan: deposit ratio
96%
96%
 
95%
97%
89%
90%
 
89%
91%
Risk weighted assets
75.0
72.5
 
70.9
70.0
66.1
66.3
 
67.5
67.4
Period end allocated tangible equity
10.2
9.8
 
9.6
9.5
8.6
8.8
 
8.5
8.5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performance measures
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average allocated tangible equity
18.8%
(1.1%)
 
10.7%
18.4%
(12.7%)
21.6%
 
18.2%
(7.1%)
Average allocated tangible equity
10.1
9.8
 
9.6
9.4
8.7
8.9
 
8.6
8.7
Cost: income ratio 
53%
79%
 
66%
54%
92%
52%
 
58%
78%
Loan loss rate (bps)
45
43
 
39
43
52
43
 
42
82
Net interest margin
3.22%
3.27%
 
3.32%
3.28%
3.70%
3.69%
 
3.56%
3.72%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performance measures excluding litigation and conduct1
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
Profit before tax
659
581
 
505
672
625
704
 
611
689
Attributable profit
465
373
 
282
431
406
467
 
380
464
Return on average allocated tangible equity
18.8%
15.7%
 
12.3%
18.7%
19.1%
21.5%
 
18.0%
21.6%
Cost: income ratio
53%
56%
 
63%
53%
54%
52%
 
57%
47%
 
1
Refer to pages 94 to 102 for further information and calculations of performance measures excluding litigation and conduct.
 
Analysis of Barclays UK
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q218
Q118
 
Q417
Q317
Q217
Q117
 
Q416
Q316
Analysis of total income
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
Personal Banking1
1,015
972
 
1,116
1,022
1,033
1,043
 
1,045
1,084
Barclaycard Consumer UK
504
527
 
445
539
495
498
 
507
561
Business Banking1
317
289
 
309
291
292
300
 
276
298
Total income
1,836
1,788
 
1,870
1,852
1,820
1,841
 
1,828
1,943
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Analysis of credit impairment (charges)/releases and other provisions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Personal Banking1
(49)
(72)
 
(56)
(57)
(60)
(48)
 
(54)
(57)
Barclaycard Consumer UK
(139)
(113)
 
(124)
(145)
(149)
(123)
 
(118)
(291)
Business Banking1
(26)
(16)
 
(4)
1
(11)
(7)
 
(8)
(2)
Total credit impairment charges and other provisions
(214)
(201)
 
(184)
(201)
(220)
(178)
 
(180)
(350)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Analysis of loans and advances to customers at amortised cost
£bn
£bn
 
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
 
£bn
£bn
Personal Banking1
143.6
142.1
 
141.3
140.4
138.6
136.6
 
138.5
139.0
Barclaycard Consumer UK
15.2
15.2
 
16.4
16.3
16.2
16.1
 
16.5
16.2
Business Banking1
26.5
27.0
 
26.1
25.5
11.8
11.8
 
11.4
11.4
Total loans and advances to customers at amortised cost
185.3
184.3
 
183.8
182.2
166.6
164.5
 
166.4
166.6
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Analysis of customer deposits at amortised cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Personal Banking1
152.9
151.9
 
153.1
152.1
151.1
149.2
 
156.3
154.0
Barclaycard Consumer UK
-
-
 
-
-
-
-
 
-
-
Business Banking1
41.4
40.1
 
40.3
37.2
36.3
35.2
 
32.7
31.5
Total customer deposits at amortised cost
194.3
192.0
 
193.4
189.3
187.4
184.4
 
189.0
185.5
 
1
Wealth has been reclassified from Wealth, Entrepreneurs & Business Banking (now named Business Banking) to Personal Banking. Comparatives have been restated to reflect this.
 
Barclays International
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q218
Q118
 
Q417
Q317
Q217
Q117
 
Q416
Q316
Income statement information
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
Net interest income
853
1,013
 
987
1,148
1,060
1,112
 
1,046
1,355
Net trading income
1,094
1,416
 
935
815
1,039
1,182
 
1,131
1,074
Net fee, commission and other income
1,760
1,379
 
1,397
1,352
1,511
1,844
 
1,415
1,422
Total income
3,707
3,808
 
3,319
3,315
3,610
4,138
 
3,592
3,851
Credit impairment charges and other provisions 
(68)
(93)
 
(386)
(495)
(279)
(346)
 
(426)
(420)
Net operating income 
3,639
3,715
 
2,933
2,820
3,331
3,792
 
3,166
3,431
Operating expenses excluding UK bank levy and litigation and conduct
(2,306)
(2,300)
 
(2,428)
(2,182)
(2,276)
(2,435)
 
(2,497)
(2,337)
UK bank levy 
-
-
 
(265)
-
-
-
 
(284)
-
Litigation and conduct1
(47)
(15)
 
(255)
(5)
4
(13)
 
(17)
(17)
Operating expenses
(2,353)
(2,315)
 
(2,948)
(2,187)
(2,272)
(2,448)
 
(2,798)
(2,354)
Other net income
11
13
 
21
19
202
12
 
5
8
Profit before tax
1,297
1,413
 
6
652
1,261
1,356
 
373
1,085
Attributable profit/(loss)
890
973
 
(1,168)
359
819
837
 
43
623
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance sheet information
£bn
£bn
 
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
 
£bn
£bn
Loans and advances at amortised cost
125.5
117.5
 
126.8
134.4
135.2
145.5
 
153.7
152.7
Trading portfolio assets
116.5
114.9
 
113.0
91.2
83.3
83.0
 
73.2
73.8
Derivative financial instrument assets
228.2
214.1
 
236.2
242.8
108.4
105.3
 
156.2
155.6
Derivative financial instrument liabilities
224.9
210.8
 
237.8
242.9
116.8
112.8
 
160.6
160.5
Financial assets at fair value through the income statement
141.2
150.6
 
104.1
103.7
94.1
81.3
 
62.3
72.0
Total assets
886.5
866.6
 
856.1
867.1
681.6
677.2
 
648.5
681.9
Deposits at amortised cost
191.0
167.2
 
187.3
191.9
192.0
189.4
 
184.7
175.7
Loan: deposit ratio
66%
70%
 
68%
70%
70%
77%
 
83%
87%
Risk weighted assets
218.0
214.2
 
210.3
218.2
212.2
214.3
 
212.7
214.6
Period end allocated tangible equity
30.5
30.0
 
27.5
28.0
26.8
27.1
 
25.6
25.9
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performance measures
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average allocated tangible equity
11.8%
13.4%
 
(15.9%)
5.4%
12.4%
12.5%
 
1.0%
10.0%
Average allocated tangible equity (£bn)
31.4
30.1
 
28.5
28.9
27.4
27.7
 
26.6
25.7
Cost: income ratio 
63%
61%
 
89%
66%
63%
59%
 
78%
61%
Loan loss rate (bps)
22
31
 
76
88
54
62
 
78
71
Net interest margin
4.03%
4.57%
 
4.31%
4.21%
4.07%
4.06%
 
3.91%
4.21%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performance measures excluding litigation and conduct1
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
Profit before tax
1,344
1,428
 
261
657
1,257
1,369
 
390
1,102
Attributable profit/(loss)
924
985
 
(918)
363
816
846
 
57
640
Return on average allocated tangible equity
12.2%
13.6%
 
(12.4%)
5.5%
12.3%
12.6%
 
1.2%
10.3%
Cost: income ratio
62%
60%
 
81%
66%
63%
59%
 
77%
61%
 
1
Refer to pages 94 to 102 for further information and calculations of performance measures excluding litigation and conduct.
 
Analysis of Barclays International
 
 
 
 
Corporate and Investment Bank
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q218
Q118
 
Q417
Q317
Q217
Q117
 
Q416
Q316
Income statement information
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
FICC
736
869
 
607
627
752
889
 
766
947
Equities
601
590
 
362
350
455
462
 
410
461
Markets
1,337
1,459
 
969
977
1,207
1,351
 
1,176
1,408
Banking fees
704
683
 
605
607
674
726
 
650
644
Corporate lending
198
240
 
269
277
278
269
 
303
284
Transaction banking
385
414
 
408
419
404
398
 
401
458
Banking
1,287
1,337
 
1,282
1,303
1,356
1,393
 
1,354
1,386
Other
(44)
3
 
1
-
1
38
 
1
1
Total income
2,580
2,799
 
2,252
2,280
2,564
2,782
 
2,531
2,795
Credit impairment releases/(charges) and other provisions
23
159
 
(127)
(36)
1
(51)
 
(90)
(38)
Net operating income
2,603
2,958
 
2,125
2,244
2,565
2,731
 
2,441
2,757
Operating expenses excluding litigation and conduct
(1,773)
(1,773)
 
(2,129)
(1,656)
(1,760)
(1,930)
 
(2,272)
(1,855)
Litigation and conduct1
-
(13)
 
(255)
(5)
4
(11)
 
(15)
(17)
Operating expenses
(1,773)
(1,786)
 
(2,384)
(1,661)
(1,756)
(1,941)
 
(2,287)
(1,872)
Other net income
5
3
 
7
10
116
-
 
1
-
Profit/(loss) before tax
835
1,175
 
(252)
593
925
790
 
155
885
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance sheet information
£bn
£bn
 
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
 
£bn
£bn
Loans and advances at amortised cost
87.8
81.3
 
88.2
95.4
96.7
106.8
 
114.0
115.9
Deposits at amortised cost
130.3
107.6
 
128.0
133.4
134.1
131.0
 
134.0
126.7
Risk weighted assets
180.4
181.3
 
176.2
185.2
178.9
180.6
 
178.6
182.5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performance measures
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average allocated tangible equity
9.1%
13.0%
 
(20.2%)
5.9%
11.1%
8.2%
 
(1.2%)
9.2%
Average allocated tangible equity
26.4
25.6
 
24.3
24.8
23.3
23.5
 
22.6
21.9
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performance measures excluding litigation and conduct1
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
Profit before tax
835
1,188
 
3
598
921
801
 
170
902
Return on average allocated tangible equity
9.1%
13.2%
 
(16.1%)
6.0%
11.1%
8.3%
 
(0.9%)
9.5%
 
1
Refer to pages 94 to 102 for further information and calculations of performance measures excluding litigation and conduct.
 
Analysis of Barclays International
 
 
 
 
Consumer, Cards and Payments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q218
Q118
 
Q417
Q317
Q217
Q117
 
Q416
Q316
Income statement information
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
Total income
1,127
1,009
 
1,067
1,035
1,046
1,356
 
1,061
1,056
Credit impairment charges and other provisions
(91)
(252)
 
(259)
(459)
(280)
(295)
 
(336)
(382)
Net operating income
1,036
757
 
808
576
766
1,061
 
725
674
Operating expenses excluding litigation and conduct
(533)
(527)
 
(564)
(526)
(516)
(505)
 
(509)
(482)
Litigation and conduct1
(47)
(2)
 
-
-
-
(2)
 
(2)
-
Operating expenses
(580)
(529)
 
(564)
(526)
(516)
(507)
 
(511)
(482)
Other net income
6
10
 
14
9
86
12
 
4
8
Profit before tax
462
238
 
258
59
336
566
 
218
200
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance sheet information
£bn
£bn
 
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
 
£bn
£bn
Loans and advances at amortised cost
37.7
36.2
 
38.6
39.0
38.5
38.7
 
39.7
36.8
Deposits at amortised cost
60.7
59.6
 
59.3
58.5
57.9
58.4
 
50.7
49.0
Risk weighted assets
37.6
32.9
 
34.1
33.0
33.3
33.7
 
34.1
32.1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performance measures
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average allocated tangible equity
26.2%
15.6%
 
8.9%
2.2%
19.4%
36.4%
 
13.2%
14.8%
Average allocated tangible equity
5.0
4.5
 
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.2
 
4.0
3.7
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performance measures excluding litigation and conduct1
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
Profit before tax
509
240
 
258
59
336
568
 
220
200
Return on average allocated tangible equity
28.9%
15.7%
 
9.0%
2.2%
19.4%
36.5%
 
13.3%
14.8%
 
1
Refer to pages 94 to 102 for further information and calculations of performance measures excluding litigation and conduct.
 
Head Office
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q218
Q118
 
Q417
Q317
Q217
Q117
 
Q416
Q316
Income statement information
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
Net interest income
(156)
(318)
 
(254)
(174)
108
(115)
 
29
(206)
Net fee, commission and other income1
189
80
 
87
180
(24)
33
 
(38)
17
Total income
33
(238)
 
(167)
6
84
(82)
 
(9)
(189)
Credit impairment (charges)/releases and other provisions
(1)
6
 
(3)
(13)
(1)
-
 
-
1
Net operating income/(expenses)
32
(232)
 
(170)
(7)
83
(82)
 
(9)
(188)
Operating expenses excluding UK bank levy and litigation and conduct
(36)
(59)
 
(76)
(112)
(40)
(49)
 
15
(29)
UK bank levy 
-
-
 
(41)
-
-
-
 
(2)
-
Litigation and conduct2
(31)
(1,535)
 
(75)
(65)
(1)
(10)
 
(1)
(8)
Operating expenses
(67)
(1,594)
 
(192)
(177)
(41)
(59)
 
12
(37)
Other net (expenses)/income
(23)
7
 
(3)
(22)
(164)
-
 
159
(4)
(Loss)/profit before tax
(58)
(1,819)
 
(365)
(206)
(122)
(141)
 
162
(229)
Attributable (loss)/profit
(122)
(1,699)
 
(371)
(199)
(175)
(123)
 
223
(203)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance sheet information
£bn
£bn
 
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
 
£bn
£bn
Total assets
17.2
40.4
 
39.7
51.7
17.3
74.5
 
75.2
73.3
Risk weighted assets
26.3
31.2
 
31.8
36.1
26.2
52.9
 
53.3
47.5
Period end allocated tangible equity
3.6
3.0
 
10.0
10.4
9.0
8.8
 
9.7
6.9
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performance measures
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average allocated tangible equity
2.0
4.3
 
10.0
10.5
8.8
7.6
 
7.2
7.4
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performance measures excluding litigation and conduct2
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
(Loss)/profit before tax
(27)
(284)
 
(290)
(141)
(121)
(131)
 
163
(221)
Attributable (loss)/profit
(98)
(192)
 
(307)
(134)
(174)
(116)
 
224
(195)
 
1
Following the early adoption of the own credit provisions of IFRS 9, Financial Instruments on 1 January 2017, own credit, which was previously reported in net fee, commission and other income, is recognised within other comprehensive income from Q117.
2
Refer to pages 94 to 102 for further information and calculations of performance measures excluding litigation and conduct.
 
Barclays Non-Core Results
 
The Barclays Non-Core segment was closed on 1 July 2017 with the residual assets and liabilities reintegrated into, and associated financial performance subsequently reported in, Barclays UK, Barclays International and Head Office. Financial results up until 30 June 2017 are reflected in the Non-Core segment within the Barclays Group’s results.
 
Barclays Non-Core
Half year ended
Half year ended
30.06.18
30.06.17
Income statement information
£m
£m
Net interest income
-
(112)
Net trading income
-
(488)
Net fee, commission and other income
-
70
Total income
-
(530)
Credit impairment charges and other provisions
-
(30)
Net operating expenses
-
(560)
Operating expenses excluding litigation and conduct
-
(256)
Litigation and conduct
-
(28)
Operating expenses
-
(284)
Other net income
-
197
Loss before tax
-
(647)
Attributable loss
-
(419)
 
Income statement information
Q218
Q118
 
Q417
Q317
Q217
Q117
 
Q416
Q316
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
Net interest income
-
-
 
-
-
(123)
11
 
(54)
78
Net trading income
-
-
 
-
-
(411)
(77)
 
(462)
(288)
Net fee, commission and other income
-
-
 
-
-
78
(8)
 
97
51
Total income
-
-
 
-
-
(456)
(74)
 
(419)
(159)
Credit impairment charges and other provisions 
-
-
 
-
-
(27)
(3)
 
(47)
(20)
Net operating expenses
-
-
 
-
-
(483)
(77)
 
(466)
(179)
Operating expenses excluding UK bank levy and litigation and conduct
-
-
 
-
-
(108)
(148)
 
(341)
(311)
UK bank levy 
-
-
 
-
-
-
-
 
(76)
-
Litigation and conduct
-
-
 
-
-
(19)
(9)
 
(51)
(102)
Operating expenses
-
-
 
-
-
(127)
(157)
 
(468)
(413)
Other net income/(expenses)
-
-
 
-
-
204
(7)
 
146
498
Loss before tax
-
-
 
-
-
(406)
(241)
 
(788)
(94)
Tax credit
-
-
 
-
-
207
75
 
322
194
(Loss)/profit after tax
-
-
 
-
-
(199)
(166)
 
(466)
100
Non-controlling interests
-
-
 
-
-
(8)
(9)
 
(14)
(13)
Other equity instrument holders
-
-
 
-
-
(19)
(18)
 
(18)
(15)
Attributable (loss)/profit
-
-
 
-
-
(226)
(193)
 
(498)
72
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance sheet information
£bn
£bn
 
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
 
£bn
£bn
Loans and advances to banks and customers at amortised cost
-
-
 
-
-
48.3
49.5
 
51.1
58.7
Derivative financial instrument assets
-
-
 
-
-
150.3
164.2
 
188.7
253.2
Derivative financial instrument liabilities
-
-
 
-
-
143.0
155.3
 
178.6
243.0
Reverse repurchase agreements and other similar secured lending
-
-
 
-
-
-
-
 
0.1
0.1
Financial assets designated at fair value
-
-
 
-
-
12.1
13.4
 
14.5
15.5
Total assets
-
-
 
-
-
233.0
249.1
 
279.7
359.8
Customer deposits
-
-
 
-
-
11.8
12.9
 
12.5
16.0
Risk weighted assets
-
-
 
-
-
22.8
27.4
 
32.1
43.9
 
Discontinued Operation Results
 
Following the reduction of the Barclays Group’s interest in BAGL in 2017, Barclays’ remaining holding of 14.9%, as at H118 is reported as a financial asset at fair value through other comprehensive income in the Head Office segment, with Barclays’ share of BAGL’s dividend recognised in the Head Office income statement.
 
Africa Banking
Half year ended
Half year ended
30.06.18
30.06.171
Income statement information
£m
£m
Net interest income`
-
1,024
Net fee, commission and other income
-
762
Total income
-
1,786
Credit impairment charges and other provisions
-
(177)
Net operating income
-
1,609
Operating expenses excluding impairment of Barclays' holding in BAGL
-
(1,130)
Other net income excluding loss on sale of BAGL
-
5
Profit before tax excluding impairment of Barclays' holding in BAGL and loss on sale of BAGL
-
484
Impairment of Barclays' holding in BAGL
-
(1,090)
Loss on sale of BAGL
-
(1,435)
Loss before tax
-
(2,041)
Tax charge
-
(154)
Loss after tax
-
(2,195)
Attributable loss
-
(2,335)
 
 
1
The H117 Africa Banking income statement represents five months of results as a discontinued operation to 31 May 2017.
 
 
Q218
Q118
 
Q417
Q317
Q2171
Q117
 
Q416
Q316
Income statement information
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
Net interest income
-
-
 
-
-
407
617
 
626
561
Net fee, commission and other income
-
-
 
-
-
297
465
 
441
421
Total income
-
-
 
-
-
704
1,082
 
1,067
982
Credit impairment charges and other provisions 
-
-
 
-
-
(71)
(106)
 
(105)
(96)
Net operating income 
-
-
 
-
-
633
976
 
962
886
Operating expenses excluding UK bank levy and impairment of Barclays' holding in BAGL
-
-
 
-
-
(477)
(653)
 
(727)
(598)
UK bank levy 
-
-
 
-
-
-
-
 
(65)
-
Other net income excluding loss on sale of BAGL
-
-
 
-
-
3
2
 
2
2
Profit before tax excluding impairment of Barclays' holding in BAGL and loss on sale of BAGL
-
-
 
-
-
159
325
 
172
290
Impairment of Barclays' holding in BAGL
-
-
 
-
-
(206)
(884)
 
-
-
Loss on sale of BAGL
-
-
 
-
-
(1,435)
-
 
-
-
(Loss)/profit before tax
-
-
 
-
-
(1,482)
(559)
 
172
290
(Loss)/profit after tax
-
-
 
-
-
(1,537)
(658)
 
71
209
Attributable (loss)/profit
-
-
 
-
-
(1,534)
(801)
 
(52)
85
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance sheet information
£bn
£bn
 
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
 
£bn
£bn
Total assets
-
-
 
-
-
-
66.0
 
65.1
61.1
Risk weighted assets
-
-
 
-
-
9.8
41.3
 
42.3
39.9
 
1
The Q217 Africa Banking income statement represents two months of results as a discontinued operation to 31 May 2017.
 
Performance Management
 
Margins and balances
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Half year ended 30.06.18
Half year ended 30.06.17
 
Net interest income
Average customer assets
Net interest margin
Net interest income
Average customer assets
Net interest margin
 
£m
£m
%
£m
£m
%
Barclays UK
2,986
185,666
3.24
3,045
166,200
 3.69
Barclays International1
2,027
95,170
4.30
2,185
108,486
 4.06
Total Barclays UK and Barclays International
5,013
280,836
3.60
5,230
274,686
 3.84
Other2
             (635)
 
 
(132)
 
 
Total Barclays Group
            4,378
 
 
5,098
 
 
 
1
Barclays International margins include interest earning lending balances within the investment banking business.
2
Other includes Head Office and non-lending related investment banking balances. Barclays Non-Core is included in the comparative period.
 
Net interest margin decreased 24bps to 3.60% primarily reflecting the integration of the ESHLA portfolio from Non-Core on 1 July 2017 and margin pressure in Barclays UK offset by the allocation of legacy funding costs to Head Office. Barclays Group net interest income decreased 14% to £4.4bn, including lower net structural hedge contributions of £0.4bn (H117: £0.7bn).
 
Quarterly analysis for Barclays UK and Barclays International
Net interest income
Average customer assets
Net interest margin
Three months ended 30.06.18
£m
£m
%
Barclays UK
 1,493
 186,053
 3.22
Barclays International1
962
 95,728
 4.03
Total Barclays UK and Barclays International
 2,455
 281,781
 3.49
 
 
 
 
Three months ended 31.03.18
 
 
 
Barclays UK
1,493
185,351
3.27
Barclays International1
1,065
94,530
4.57
Total Barclays UK and Barclays International
2,558
279,881
3.71
 
 
 
 
Three months ended 31.12.17
 
 
 
Barclays UK
1,540
184,058
3.32
Barclays International1
1,071
98,500
4.31
Total Barclays UK and Barclays International
2,611
282,558
3.67
 
 
 
 
Three months ended 30.09.17
 
 
 
Barclays UK
1,501
181,419
3.28
Barclays International1
1,070
100,828
4.21
Total Barclays UK and Barclays International
2,571
282,247
3.61
 
 
 
 
Three months ended 30.06.17
 
 
 
Barclays UK
1,534
166,345
3.70
Barclays International1
1,064
104,899
4.07
Total Barclays UK and Barclays International
2,598
271,244
3.84
 
1
Barclays International margins include interest earning lending balances within the investment banking business.
 
Risk Management
 
Risk management and Principal Risks
 
The roles and responsibilities of the business groups, Risk and Compliance, in the management of risk in the firm are defined in the Enterprise Risk Management Framework. The purpose of the framework is to identify the Principal Risks of Barclays Group, the process by which the Barclays Group sets its appetite for these risks in its business activities, and the consequent limits which it places on related risk taking. The framework identifies eight Principal Risks: Credit risk; Market risk; Treasury and Capital risk; Operational risk; Conduct risk; Reputation risk; Model risk; and Legal risk. Further detail on these risks and how they are managed is available in the Barclays PLC Annual Report 2017 or available at home.barclays/annualreport. There have been no significant changes to these Principal Risks in the period nor are any expected for the remaining six months of the financial year.
 
The following section gives an overview of Credit risk, Market risk, and Treasury and Capital risk for the period.
 
Credit Risk
 
Barclays has adopted IFRS 9, Financial Instruments effective from 1 January 2018 which has resulted in key changes to the classification and measurement of financial assets, and the quantification of impairment allowances based on expected credit losses (ECLs). The impact of the transition from IAS 39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement to IFRS 9 was included in the transition disclosures published on 8 March 2018. The Barclays PLC IFRS 9 Transition Note can be accessed via Barclays PLC's website at home.barclays/results.
 
The disclosure of the accounting policies, key concepts and judgements used in the application of the expected loss methodology is included in Note 1, Basis of preparation on pages 55 to 60. Disclosures relating to the initial application of IFRS 9 and the impact of the transition from IAS 39 to IFRS 9 is included in Note 21, Transition disclosures on pages 90 to 92.
 
Loans and advances at amortised cost by stage
 
The table below presents an analysis of loans and advances at amortised cost by gross exposure, impairment allowance and coverage ratio by stage allocation and business segment as at 30 June 2018. Also included are off-balance sheet loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts by gross exposure, impairment allowance and coverage ratio.
 
Impairment allowance under IFRS 9 considers both the drawn and the undrawn counterparty exposure. For retail portfolios, the total impairment allowance is allocated to the drawn exposure to the extent that the allowance does not exceed the exposure as ECL is not reported separately. Any excess is reported on the liability side of the balance sheet as a provision. For wholesale portfolios the impairment allowance on the undrawn exposure is reported on the liability side of the balance sheet as a provision.
 
 
Gross exposure
 
Impairment allowance
Net exposure
£m
 
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Total
 
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Total
As at 30.06.18
£m
£m
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
£m
£m
Barclays UK
132,186
25,841
3,070
161,097
 
148
1,393
1,206
2,747
158,350
Barclays International
21,838
7,145
1,709
30,692
 
253
1,176
1,219
2,648
28,044
Head Office
6,774
734
944
8,452
 
11
56
299
366
8,086
Total Barclays Group retail
160,798
33,720
5,723
200,241
 
412
2,625
2,724
5,761
194,480
Barclays UK
23,759
3,861
1,215
28,835
 
21
66
143
230
28,605
Barclays International
87,161
9,703
1,468
98,332
 
122
262
495
879
97,453
Head Office
436
-
46
482
 
13
-
40
53
429
Total Barclays Group wholesale
111,356
13,564
2,729
127,649
 
156
328
678
1,162
126,487
Total loans and advances at amortised cost
272,154
47,284
8,452
327,890
 
568
2,953
3,402
6,923
320,967
Off-balance sheet loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts
-
-
-
332,539
 
-
-
-
289
 
Total1
 
 
 
660,429
 
 
 
 
7,212
 
 
 
As at 30.06.18
 
Half year ended 30.06.18
 
 
Coverage ratio
 
Loan impairment charge and loan loss rate
 
 
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Total
 
Loan impairment charge
Loan loss rate2
 
 
%
%
%
%
 
£m
bps
 
Barclays UK
0.1
5.4
39.3
1.7
 
360
45
 
Barclays International
1.2
16.5
71.3
8.6
 
339
223
 
Head Office
0.2
7.6
31.7
4.3
 
9
21
 
Total Barclays Group retail
0.3
7.8
47.6
2.9
 
708
71
 
Barclays UK
0.1
1.7
11.8
0.8
 
55
38
 
Barclays International
0.1
2.7
33.7
0.9
 
(177)
(36)
 
Head Office
3.0
-
87.0
11.0
 
(16)
(669)
 
Total Barclays Group wholesale
0.1
2.4
24.8
0.9
 
(138)
(22)
 
Total loans and advances at amortised cost
0.2
6.2
40.3
2.1
 
570
35
 
Other financial assets subject to impairment
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
571
 
 
 
 
1
Other financial assets subject to impairment not included in the table above, include cash collateral and settlement balances, financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income, accrued income and sundry debtors. These have a total gross exposure of £155.1bn (1 January 2018: £128.1bn) and impairment allowance of £9m (1 January 2018: £9m).
2
H118 loan impairment charge represents six months of impairment charge, annualised to calculate the loan loss rate.
 
 
Gross exposure
 
Impairment allowance
Net exposure
 
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Total
 
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Total
As at 01.01.18
£m
£m
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
Barclays UK
129,837
25,798
3,152
158,787
 
142
1,310
1,142
2,594
156,193
Barclays International
22,427
7,051
1,466
30,944
 
292
1,298
1,080
2,670
28,274
Head Office
6,498
1,596
952
9,046
 
8
62
294
364
8,682
Total Barclays Group retail
158,762
34,445
5,570
198,777
 
442
2,670
2,516
5,628
193,149
Barclays UK
22,835
3,880
1,092
27,807
 
25
88
114
227
27,580
Barclays International
75,331
11,128
2,345
88,804
 
139
349
694
1,182
87,622
Head Office
8,689
139
74
8,902
 
2
5
58
65
8,837
Total Barclays Group wholesale
106,855
15,147
3,511
125,513
 
166
442
866
1,474
124,039
Total loans and advances at amortised cost
265,617
49,592
9,081
324,290
 
608
3,112
3,382
7,102
317,188
Off-balance sheet loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts
-
-
-
334,573
 
-
-
-
420
 
Total
 
 
 
658,863
 
 
 
 
7,522
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coverage ratio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
As at 01.01.18
%
%
%
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Barclays UK
0.1
5.1
36.2
1.6
 
 
 
 
 
 
Barclays International
1.3
18.4
73.7
8.6
 
 
 
 
 
 
Head Office
0.1
3.9
30.9
4.0
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Barclays Group retail
0.3
7.8
45.2
2.8
 
 
 
 
 
 
Barclays UK
0.1
2.3
10.4
0.8
 
 
 
 
 
 
Barclays International
0.2
3.1
29.6
1.3
 
 
 
 
 
 
Head Office
-
3.6
78.4
0.7
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Barclays Group wholesale
0.2
2.9
24.7
1.2
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans and advances at amortised cost
0.2
6.3
37.2
2.2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross exposure on loans and advances at amortised cost increased by £3.6bn to £327.9bn (1 January 2018: £324.3bn) driven by growth in the UK mortgage portfolio and CIB lending.
 
The impairment allowance on loans and advances at amortised cost, including off-balance sheet elements of the allowance, decreased by £0.3bn to £7.2bn (1 January 2018: £7.5bn), including single name write-offs within the Barclays International wholesale business.
 
The increase in gross exposure on loans and advances at amortised cost of £3.6bn can be seen in the increase in Stage 1 gross exposure of £6.5bn, offset by decreases of £2.3bn and £0.6bn respectively in Stages 2 and 3, with a decrease in the impairment allowance to £6.9bn (1 January 2018: £7.1bn).
 
Loans and advances at amortised cost by product
 
The table below presents a breakdown of loans and advances at amortised cost and the impairment allowance with stage allocation by asset classification.
 
 
 
Stage 2
 
 
As at 30.06.18
Stage 1
Not past due
<=30 days past due
>30 days past due
Total
Stage 3
Total
Gross exposure
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
Home loans
127,940
15,793
1,920
907
18,620
2,521
149,081
Credit cards, unsecured loans and other retail lending
39,933
13,976
718
582
15,276
3,671
58,880
Corporate loans
104,281
12,398
406
584
13,388
2,260
119,929
Total
272,154
42,167
3,044
2,073
47,284
8,452
327,890
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impairment Allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home loans
44
77
16
13
106
334
484
Credit cards, unsecured loans and other retail lending
408
2,069
197
243
2,509
2,462
5,379
Corporate loans
116
313
11
14
338
606
1,060
Total
568
2,459
224
270
2,953
3,402
6,923
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net exposure
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home loans
127,896
15,716
1,904
894
18,514
2,187
148,597
Credit cards, unsecured loans and other retail lending
39,525
11,907
521
339
12,767
1,209
53,501
Corporate loans
104,165
12,085
395
570
13,050
1,654
118,869
Total
271,586
39,708
2,820
1,803
44,331
5,050
320,967
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coverage ratio
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
Home loans
-
0.5
0.8
1.4
0.6
13.2
0.3
Credit cards, unsecured loans and other retail lending
1.0
14.8
27.4
41.8
16.4
67.1
9.1
Corporate loans
0.1
2.5
2.7
2.4
2.5
26.8
0.9
Total
0.2
5.8
7.4
13.0
6.2
40.3
2.1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As at 01.01.18
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross exposure
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
Home loans
125,224
17,108
1,612
604
19,324
2,425
146,973
Credit cards, unsecured loans and other retail lending
40,482
13,562
702
502
14,766
3,544
58,792
Corporate loans
99,911
14,534
407
561
15,502
3,112
118,525
Total
265,617
45,204
2,721
1,667
49,592
9,081
324,290
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impairment Allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home loans
38
77
10
13
100
326
464
Credit cards, unsecured loans and other retail lending
441
2,086
203
245
2,534
2,291
5,266
Corporate loans
129
444
22
12
478
765
1,372
Total
608
2,607
235
270
3,112
3,382
7,102
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net exposure
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home loans
125,186
17,031
1,602
591
19,224
2,099
146,509
Credit cards, unsecured loans and other retail lending
40,041
11,476
499
257
12,232
1,253
53,526
Corporate loans
99,782
14,090
385
549
15,024
2,347
117,153
Total
265,009
42,597
2,486
1,397
46,480
5,699
317,188
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coverage ratio
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
Home loans
-
0.5
0.6
2.2
0.5
13.4
0.3
Credit cards, unsecured loans and other retail lending
1.1
15.4
28.9
48.8
17.2
64.6
9.0
Corporate loans
0.1
3.1
5.4
2.1
3.1
24.6
1.2
Total
0.2
5.8
8.6
16.2
6.3
37.2
2.2
 
Movement in total impairment allowance and provisions
 
 
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Total
 
Impairment allowance
Impairment allowance
Impairment allowance
Impairment allowance
 
£m
£m
£m
£m
Opening balance as at 01.01.18
741
3,371
3,410
7,522
Movement in impairment
 
 
 
676
New financial assets originated or purchased
202
82
69
353
Changes to impairment allowance including transfers between stages and repayments1
(263)
(352)
938
323
Assets derecognised due to write-offs
-
-
(986)
(986)
Closing balance as at 30.06.18
680
3,101
3,431
7,212
 
 
 
 
 
Reconciliation of movement to impairment charge/(release) for the period
 
 
 
Movement excluding assets derecognised due to write-offs
 
 
676
Recoveries post write-offs
 
 
(68)
Exchange and other adjustments2
 
 
(37)
Impairment charge for the period
 
 
571
 
1
Change to impairment allowance includes the impacts of transfers between stages, changes made to parameters (such as probability of default, exposure at default and loss given default), changes in macroeconomic variables, drawdowns, repayments and other movements.
2
Includes movement in impairment allowance on other assets, cash collateral and settlement balances.
 
Measurement uncertainty
 
The measurement of ECL involves increased complexity and judgement, including estimation of probabilities of default (PD), loss given default (LGD), a range of unbiased future economic scenarios, estimation of expected lives, and estimation of exposures at default (EAD) and assessing significant increases in credit risk. Impairment charges will tend to be more volatile and will be recognised earlier. Unsecured products with longer expected lives, such as revolving credit cards, are the most impacted.
 
Barclays Group utilises an external consensus forecast as the baseline scenario. In addition, two adverse and two favourable scenarios are derived, with associated probability weightings. The adverse scenarios are calibrated to a similar severity to internal stress tests, whilst also incorporating IFRS 9 specific sensitivities and non-linearity. The most adverse scenarios are benchmarked to the Bank of England’s annual cyclical scenarios and to the most severe scenarios from Moody’s inventory, but are not designed to be the same. The favourable scenarios are calibrated to be symmetric to the adverse scenarios, subject to a ceiling calibrated to relevant recent favourable benchmark scenarios. The scenarios include six core variables, (GDP, unemployment and House Price Index (HPI) in both the UK and US markets), and expanded variables using statistical models based on historical correlations. The probability weights of the scenarios are estimated such that the baseline (reflecting current consensus outlook) has the highest weight and the weights of adverse and favourable scenarios depend on the deviation from the baseline; the further from the baseline, the smaller the weight. A single set of five scenarios is used across all portfolios and all five weights are normalised to equate to 100%. The impacts across the portfolios are different because of the sensitivities of each of the portfolios to specific macroeconomic variables, for example, mortgages are highly sensitive to house prices and base rates, credit cards and unsecured consumer loans are highly sensitive to unemployment.
 
The table below provides a summary of the average, minimum and maximum values of the six core economic variables, for the baseline scenario between 2018 to 2022.
 
Baseline economic variables1
 
 
 
 
Average
Minimum
Maximum
As at 30.06.18
 %
 %
%
UK GDP
1.8
1.5
1.9
UK unemployment
4.7
4.6
4.8
UK HPI
2.6
1.4
3.2
US GDP
2.0
2.0
2.2
US unemployment
4.2
4.1
4.2
US HPI
4.3
4.1
5.1
 
 
 
 
As at 01.01.18
 
 
 
 UK GDP
1.8
1.5
2.0
 UK unemployment
4.6
4.6
4.6
 UK HPI
2.8
2.0
3.2
 US GDP
2.1
2.0
2.2
 US unemployment
4.1
4.1
4.2
 US HPI
3.4
3.2
4.1
 
1
GDP and HPI are annualised growth rates. Unemployment rate is a simple average.
 
The macroeconomic baseline variables show an improvement in the US economic outlook, notably HPI. The UK macroeconomic variables were largely stable and were held constant during H118.
 
Analysis of specific portfolios and asset types
 
Secured home loans
 
The UK home loan portfolio primarily comprises first lien mortgages and accounts for 90% (December 2017: 90%) of the Barclays Group’s total home loans balance.
 
Home loans principal portfolios
Barclays UK
 
As at
30.06.18
As at
31.12.171
Gross loans and advances (£m)
134,431
132,132
90 day arrears rate excluding recovery book (%)
0.1
0.1
Annualised gross charge-off rate (%)
0.2
0.2
Recovery book proportion of outstanding balances (%)
0.2
0.3
Recovery book impairment coverage ratio (%)
3.6
11.2
 
 
 
Average marked to market LTV
 
 
Balance weighted (%)
49.6
47.6
Valuation weighted (%)
36.6
35.2
 
 
 
For >100% LTVs
 
 
Balances (£m)
261
215
Marked to market collateral (£m)
231
188
Average LTV: balance weighted (%)
127.3
127.7
Average LTV: valuation weighted (%)
116.8
118.6
Balances in recovery book (%)
4.9
5.9
 
 
 
New lending
Half year ended 30.06.18
Half year ended 30.06.17
New home loan bookings (£m)
11,295
10,025
New home loans proportion > 85% LTV (%)
8.9
4.7
Average LTV on new home loans: balance weighted (%)
64.4
62.4
Average LTV on new home loans: valuation weighted (%)
56.3
54.6
 
1
The comparative information as at December 2017 has been presented on an IAS 39 basis and has not been restated as permitted under IFRS 9.
 
Home loans principal portfolios –
distribution of balances by LTV
As at 30.06.18
Distribution of balances
Distribution of impairment
allowance
Coverage ratio
Barclays UK
%
%
%
<=75%
87.8
55.9
0.0
>75% and <=90%
10.8
23.2
0.1
>90% and <=100%
1.2
6.1
0.3
>100%
0.2
14.8
3.8
 
Within the UK home loans portfolio:
 
Portfolio credit performance remained strong reflecting the continuing low base rate environment and stable economic conditions. Average LTVs whilst remaining low, increased on last year as 8 out of 12 UK regions experienced house price decreases during H118
Home loans with LTV >100% increased 21% to £261m due to a decrease in house prices
Owner-occupied interest-only home loans comprised 27% (December 2017: 28%) of total balances. The average balance weighted LTV on these loans increased to 40.6% (December 2017: 39.7%) primarily driven by decreases in the House Price Index (HPI) across Greater London and the South East. The 90 day arrears rate for this portfolio segment, excluding the recovery book, remained broadly stable at 0.2% (December 2017: 0.3%)
Buy-to-let (BTL) home loans comprised 12% (December 2017: 11%) of total balances. The average balance weighted LTV increased to 56.6% (December 2017: 53.7%) driven by decreases in the HPI across Greater London and the South East, combined with higher LTVs at origination for BTL loans relative to the attrition on the portfolio. The BTL 90 day arrears rate excluding recovery book remained steady at 0.1% (December 2017: 0.1%)
New lending increased to £11.3bn (H117: £10.0bn). An increase in >85% LTV on new lending was driven by market activity and was in line with the risk appetite of the business
 
Credit cards, unsecured loans and other retail lending
 
The principal portfolios listed below accounted for 86% of the Barclays Group’s total credit cards, unsecured loans and other retail lending.
 
Principal portfolios
Gross exposure
30 day arrears
rate,
excluding
recovery book
90 day arrears
rate,
excluding
recovery book
Annualised gross
charge-off rate
As at 30.06.18
£m
%
%
%
Barclays UK
 
 
 
 
UK cards
17,143
1.9
0.9
4.6
UK personal loans
6,372
2.8
1.6
2.7
Barclays International
 
 
 
 
US cards
20,288
2.5
1.3
5.8
Barclays Partner Finance
3,245
1.2
0.5
2.4
Germany consumer lending
3,385
2.1
0.9
3.1
 
 
 
 
 
As at 31.12.171
 
 
 
 
Barclays UK
 
 
 
 
UK cards
17,686
1.8
0.8
5.0
UK personal loans
6,255
2.5
1.2
3.3
Barclays International
 
 
 
 
US cards
21,350
2.6
1.3
5.0
Barclays Partner Finance
3,814
1.3
0.5
2.6
Germany consumer lending
3,384
2.3
1.0
3.2
 
1
The comparative information as at December 2017 has been presented on an IAS 39 basis and has not been restated as permitted under IFRS 9.
 
UK cards: 30 and 90 day arrears rates increased slightly due to a reduction in gross lending as delinquent balances remained relatively stable. The annualised gross charge-off rate reduced as the level stabilised following accelerated informal arrangement charge-offs in 2017.
 
UK personal loans: 30 and 90 day arrears rates increased, and the annualised gross charge-off rate reduced resulting from accounts remaining in collections for longer than expected.
 
US cards: The annualised gross charge-off rate increased to 5.8% reflecting the impact of a partner portfolio sale and trends across the industry. 30 and 90 day arrears rates remained broadly stable.
 
Barclays Partner Finance: 30 day arrears rate reduced due to increased acquisition quality. Tightening activity in prior years and operational improvement drove a reduction in charge-off rate.
 
Germany consumer lending: The reduction in 30 day arrears rate was driven by a combination of higher credit quality on new bookings and improvements in collections performance within Germany cards.
 
Market Risk
 
Analysis of management value at risk (VaR)
 
The table below shows the total management VaR on a diversified basis by risk factor. Total management VaR includes all trading positions in CIB and Head Office and it is calculated with a one-day holding period.
 
Limits are applied against each risk factor VaR as well as total management VaR, which are then cascaded further by risk managers to each business.
 
Management VaR (95%) by asset class1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Half year ended 30.06.18
 
Half year ended 31.12.17
 
Half year ended 30.06.17
 
Average
High2
Low2
 
Average
High2
Low2
 
Average
High2
Low2
 
£m
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
£m
Credit risk
11
16
8
 
10
17
8
 
13
18
10
Interest rate risk
9
19
4
 
8
15
5
 
7
15
4
Equity risk
7
12
4
 
8
12
4
 
8
14
4
Basis risk
5
8
4
 
5
6
3
 
5
6
4
Spread risk
5
9
3
 
5
8
3
 
4
6
3
Foreign exchange risk
3
7
2
 
4
7
2
 
3
5
2
Commodity risk
1
2
-
 
2
3
1
 
2
3
1
Inflation risk
3
4
2
 
2
3
2
 
2
4
1
Diversification effect
(24)
n/a
n/a
 
(26)
n/a
n/a
 
(24)
n/a
n/a
Total management VaR
20
26
15
 
18
24
14
 
20
26
17
 
1
Includes BAGL.
2
The high and low VaR figures reported for each category did not necessarily occur on the same day as the high and low VaR reported as a whole. Consequently, a diversification effect balance for the high and low VaR figures would not be meaningful and is therefore omitted from the above table.
 
Average management VaR was largely stable when compared to H217.
 
Treasury and Capital Risk
 
The Barclays Group has a comprehensive Key Risk Control Framework for managing the Barclays Group’s liquidity risk. The Liquidity Framework meets the PRA standards and is designed to ensure that the Barclays Group has liquidity resources that are sufficient in amount and quality, and a funding profile that is appropriate to meet the Barclays Group’s liquidity risk appetite (LRA). The Liquidity Framework is delivered via a combination of policy formation, review and governance, analysis, stress testing, limit setting and monitoring.
 
Liquidity risk stress testing
 
As at 30 June 2018, the Barclays Group held eligible liquid assets in excess of 100% of net stress outflows for both the 30 day combined market-wide and Barclays specific LRA scenario, and the LCR.
 
Compliance with internal and regulatory stress tests
Barclays' short-term LRA (30 day combined stress requirement)1
CRD IV LCR
 
£bn
£bn
Eligible liquidity buffer
214
208
Net stress outflows
174
135
Surplus
40
73
 
 
 
Liquidity pool as a percentage of anticipated net outflows as at 30 June 2018
123%
154%
Liquidity pool as a percentage of anticipated net outflows as at 31 December 2017
126%
154%
 
1
Of the three stress scenarios monitored as part of the short-term LRA, the 30 day combined stress scenario results in the lowest ratio at 123% (December 2017: 126%). This compares to 157% (December 2017: 139%) under the 90 day market-wide scenario and 131% (December 2017: 131%) under the 30 day Barclays specific scenario.
 
The Barclays Group plans to maintain its surplus to the internal and regulatory stress requirements at an efficient level, while considering risks to market funding conditions and its liquidity position. The continuous reassessment of these risks may lead to execution of appropriate actions to resize the liquidity pool.
 
Composition of the Group liquidity pool
 
 
As at 30.06.18
As at 31.12.17
 
 
Liquidity pool
Liquidity pool of which interim
CRD IV LCR-eligible
Liquidity pool
 
 
Cash
Level 1
Level 2A
 
 
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
Cash and deposits with central banks1
 
162
157
-
-
173
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Government bonds2
 
 
 
 
 
 
AAA to A-
 
36
-
34
-
31
BBB+ to BBB-
 
1
-
1
-
2
Other LCR ineligible government bonds
 
1
-
 
-
1
Total government bonds
 
38
-
35
-
34
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other
 
 
 
 
 
 
Government guaranteed issuers, PSEs and GSEs
 
6
-
5
1
6
International organisations and MDBs
 
4
-
4
-
4
Covered bonds
 
3
-
3
-
2
Other
 
1
-
-
-
1
Total other
 
14
157
12
1
13
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total as at 30 June 2018
 
214
157
47
1
 
Total as at 31 December 2017
 
220
169
43
2
 
 
1
Of which over 99% (December 2017: over 99%) was placed with the Bank of England, US Federal Reserve, European Central Bank, Bank of Japan and Swiss National Bank.
2
Of which over 76% (December 2017: over 84%) are comprised of UK, US, Japanese, French, German, Danish, Swiss and Dutch securities.
 
The Barclays Group liquidity pool was £214bn as at 30 June 2018 (December 2017: £220bn). During H118, the month end liquidity pool ranged from £207bn to £229bn (December 2017: £165bn to £232bn), and the month end average balance was £220bn (December 2017: £202bn). The liquidity pool is held unencumbered and is not used to support payment or clearing requirements. Such requirements are treated as part of our regular business funding. The liquidity pool is intended to offset stress outflows, and comprises the above cash and unencumbered assets.
 
As at 30 June 2018, 94% (December 2017: 93%) of the liquidity pool was located in Barclays Bank PLC and Barclays Bank UK PLC. The residual portion of the liquidity pool outside of these entities, which is predominantly in the US subsidiaries, is held against entity-specific stress outflows and local regulatory requirements. To the extent the use of this portion of the liquidity pool is restricted due to regulatory requirements, it is assumed to be unavailable to the rest of the Barclays Group in the LCR.
 
Deposit funding
As at 30.06.18
 
As at 31.12.17
Loans and advances at amortised cost
Deposits at amortised cost
Loan: deposit ratio1
 
Loan: deposit ratio1
Funding of loans and advances
£bn
£bn
%
 
%
Barclays UK
187
194
96%
 
95%
Barclays International
125
191
66%
 
68%
Head Office
9
1
 
 
 
Barclays Group
321
386
83%
 
81%
 
1
The loan: deposit ratio is calculated as loans and advances at amortised cost divided by deposits at amortised cost. Comparatives have been restated based on this approach.
 
Funding structure and funding relationships
 
The basis for liquidity risk management is a solid funding structure that reduces the probability of a liquidity stress leading to an inability to meet funding obligations as they fall due. The Barclays Group’s overall funding strategy is to develop a diversified funding base (geographically, by type and by counterparty) and maintain access to a variety of alternative funding sources, to provide protection against unexpected fluctuations, while minimising the cost of funding.
 
Within this, the Barclays Group aims to align the sources and uses of funding. As such, loans and advances are largely funded by deposits, with the surplus used to fund liquidity requirements. The majority of reverse repurchase agreements are matched by repurchase agreements. Derivative liabilities and assets are largely matched. A substantial proportion of balance sheet derivative positions qualify for counterparty netting and the remaining portions are largely offset once netted against cash collateral received and paid. Wholesale debt and equity is used to fund residual assets.
 
These funding relationships as at 30 June 2018 are summarised below:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
As at 30.06.18
£bn
As at
31.12.172
£bn
 
Liabilities
As at 30.06.18
£bn
As at
31.12.172
£bn
Loans and advances at amortised cost
321
324
 
Deposits at amortised cost
386
399
Group liquidity pool
214
220
 
<1 year wholesale funding
40
45
Other assets1
58
47
 
>1 year wholesale funding
109
99
Reverse repurchase agreements, trading portfolio assets, cash collateral and settlement balances1
329
304
 
Repurchase agreements, trading portfolio liabilities, cash collateral and settlement balances1
290
273
 
 
 
 
Equity and other liabilities
100
79
Derivative financial instruments
  228
238
 
Derivative financial instruments
225
238
Total assets
1,150
1,133
 
Total liabilities
1,150
1,133
 
1
Includes repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements reported on an amortised cost and a fair value basis.
2
December 2017 comparatives have been updated to reflect classification changes to balance sheet presentation.
 
Composition of wholesale funding1
 
Wholesale funding outstanding (excluding repurchase agreements) was £149bn (December 2017: £144bn). In H118, Barclays Group issued £6.2bn of MREL eligible instruments from Barclays PLC (the Parent company) in a range of different currencies. Barclays Bank PLC continued to issue in the shorter term markets and Barclays Bank UK PLC issued in the shorter term and secured markets, helping to maintain their stable and diversified funding bases. Notable issuances in H118 included $3bn 3 year senior unsecured notes from Barclays Bank PLC and a £1.25bn 5 year covered bond from Barclays Bank UK PLC. 
 
Barclays Group has continued to reduce its reliance on short-term wholesale funding, where the proportion maturing in less than 1 year fell to 27% (December 2017: 31%). Wholesale funding of £39.8bn (December 2017: £44.9bn) matures in less than one year, of which £10.8bn (December 2017: £13.8bn) relates to term funding. Although not a requirement, the liquidity pool exceeded wholesale funding maturing in less than one year by £174bn (December 2017: £175bn).  
 
Maturity profile of wholesale funding2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<1
1-3
3-6
6-12
<1
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
>5
 
 
month
months
months
months
year
years
years
years
years
years
Total
 
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
Barclays PLC (the Parent company)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Senior unsecured (public benchmark)
-
0.1
-
-
0.1
2.3
2.8
2.7
2.4
16.8
27.1
Senior unsecured (privately placed)
-
0.1
-
-
0.1
-
0.1
0.1
-
0.5
0.8
Subordinated liabilities
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6.6
6.6
Barclays Bank PLC (including
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
subsidiaries)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certificates of deposit and
commercial paper
0.9
8.9
3.2
8.5
21.5
1.1
0.8
0.5
0.3
-
24.2
Asset backed commercial paper
2.6
3.0
0.8
-
6.4
-
-
-
-
-
6.4
Senior unsecured (public benchmark)
-
-
-
1.5
1.5
1.8
2.8
0.1
-
0.8
7.0
Senior unsecured (privately placed)3
0.5
0.8
1.2
5.8
8.3
8.3
6.7
1.8
4.1
16.9
46.1
Covered bonds
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.2
0.2
Asset backed securities
-
-
0.4
0.3
0.7
2.0
-
-
0.6
1.6
4.9
Subordinated liabilities
-
-
-
-
-
-
5.6
1.3
2.2
4.4
13.5
Other
0.1
-
-
-
0.1
-
0.1
-
-
1.2
1.4
Barclays Bank UK PLC (including
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
subsidiaries)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certificates of deposit and
commercial paper
0.4
0.5
-
0.2
1.1
-
-
-
-
-
1.1
Covered bonds
-
-
-
-
-
2.8
1.0
2.3
1.3
1.0
8.4
Asset backed securities
-
-
-
-
-
0.8
-
-
-
-
0.8
Total as at 30 June 2018
4.5
13.4
5.6
16.3
39.8
19.1
19.9
8.8
10.9
50.0
148.5
Of which secured
2.6
3.0
1.2
0.3
7.1
5.6
1.0
2.3
1.9
2.8
20.7
Of which unsecured
1.9
10.4
4.4
16.0
32.7
13.5
18.9
6.5
9.0
47.2
127.8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total as at 31 December 2017
7.2
14.9
12.5
10.3
44.9
18.7
12.0
13.6
13.5
41.0
143.7
Of which secured
1.9
5.1
1.0
0.2
8.2
3.5
2.0
1.0
2.5
3.1
20.3
Of which unsecured
5.3
9.8
11.5
10.1
36.7
15.2
10.0
12.6
11.0
37.9
123.4
 
1
The composition of wholesale funds comprises of the balance sheet reported financial liabilities at fair value, debt securities in issue and subordinated liabilities. It does not include participation in the central bank facilities reported within repurchase agreements and other similar secured borrowing.
2
Term funding comprises of public benchmark and privately placed senior unsecured notes, covered bonds, asset backed securities (ABS) and subordinated debt where the original maturity of the instrument is more than 1 year.
3
Includes structured notes of £35.5bn, of which £5.4bn matures within one year.
 
Credit ratings
 
In addition to monitoring and managing key metrics related to the financial strength of the Barclays Group, Barclays also solicits independent credit ratings from Standard & Poor’s Global (S&P), Moody’s, Fitch, and Rating and Investment Information (R&I). These ratings assess the creditworthiness of the Barclays Group, its subsidiaries and its branches, and are based on reviews of a broad range of business and financial attributes including capital strength, profitability, funding, liquidity, asset quality, strategy and governance. 
 
Barclays Bank PLC
Standard & Poor's
Moody's
Fitch
Long-term
A
A2
A
Short-term
A-1
P-1
F1
Outlook
Stable
Stable
Rating Watch Positive
 
 
 
 
Barclays Bank UK PLC
 
 
 
Long-term
A
A1
A
Short-term
A-1
P-1
F1
Outlook
Stable
Stable
Rating Watch Positive
 
 
 
 
Barclays PLC
 
 
 
Long-term
BBB
Baa3
A
Short-term
A-2
P-3
F1
Outlook
Stable
Stable
Stable
 
All credit rating agencies took rating actions during the year to convert their respective initial ratings of Barclays Bank UK PLC to final as the UK ring-fenced bank was stood up in April 2018.
 
In March 2018, S&P finalised their rating of Barclays Bank UK PLC to be in line with Barclays Bank PLC at A. Both entities are on stable outlooks. Barclays PLC continues to be rated BBB with a stable outlook.
 
In April 2018, Moody’s assigned a rating to Barclays Bank UK PLC of A1, whilst Barclays Bank PLC and Barclays PLC’s ratings were downgraded by one notch to A2 and Baa3 respectively, due to their assessment of profitability and, for Barclays Bank PLC, the impact of ring-fencing. All entities carry stable outlooks.
 
In April 2018, Fitch assigned a rating to Barclays Bank UK PLC of A aligned to Barclays Bank PLC’s rating. Both entities are on Rating Watch Positive outlook, due to the anticipated sufficient amount of junior debt they expect both entities to have by the end of 2018, referred to as qualifying junior debt. Barclays PLC continues to be rated A on stable outlook.
 
Barclays also solicits issuer ratings from R&I, and the ratings of A- for Barclays PLC and A for Barclays Bank PLC were affirmed in July 2018 with stable outlooks.
 
Capital
 
Barclays’ fully loaded CET1 regulatory requirement is expected to be 11.4% comprising a 4.5% Pillar 1 minimum, a 2.5% Capital Conservation Buffer (CCB), a 1.5% Global Systemically Important Institution (G-SII) buffer, a 2.4% Pillar 2A requirement and an expected 0.5% Countercyclical Capital Buffer (CCyB).
 
The CCB and the G-SII buffer, determined by the PRA in line with guidance from the Financial Stability Board (FSB), are subject to phased implementation at 25% per annum from 2016 with full effect from 2019. The CCB has been set at 2.5% with 1.9% applicable for 2018. The G-SII buffer for 2018 has been set at 1.5% with 1.1% applicable for 2018. On 21 November 2017 the FSB confirmed that the G-SII buffer will remain at 1.5% applicable for 2019.
 
On 27 June 2018, the Financial Policy Committee (FPC) increased the UK CCyB rate from 0% to 0.5% resulting in a 0.27% CCyB for Barclays for H118. From November 2018, the rate is expected to increase to 1% and based on current UK exposures, Barclays’ CCyB is expected to be approximately 0.5% from November 2018. Other national authorities also determine the appropriate CCyBs that should be applied to exposures in their jurisdiction, however based on current exposures none of those set are material.
 
Barclays’ Pillar 2A requirement as per the PRA’s Individual Capital Guidance (ICG) for 2018 is 4.3%, of which at least 56.25% needs to be met in CET1 form, equating to approximately 2.4% of RWAs. Certain elements of the Pillar 2A requirement are a fixed quantum whilst others are a proportion of RWAs and are based on a point in time assessment. The Pillar 2A requirement is subject to at least annual review.
 
As at 30 June 2018, Barclays’ transitional CET1 ratio was 13.0% which exceeded the H118 transitional minimum requirement of 10.2% comprising a 4.5% Pillar 1 minimum, a 1.9% CCB, a 1.1% G-SII buffer, a 0.27% CCyB and a 2.4% Pillar 2A requirement.
 
Capital ratios 1,2,3
As at
As at
As at
30.06.18
31.03.18
31.12.17
CET1
13.0%
12.7%
13.3%
Tier 1 (T1)
16.6%
16.4%
17.2%
Total regulatory capital
20.5%
20.3%
21.5%
 
 
 
 
Capital resources 
£bn
£bn
£bn
Total equity excluding non-controlling interests per the balance sheet
               61.1
59.5
63.9
Less: other equity instruments (recognised as AT1 capital)
(8.9)
(8.9)
(8.9)
Adjustment to retained earnings for foreseeable dividends
(0.6)
(0.7)
(0.4)
 
 
 
 
Other regulatory adjustments and deductions
 
 
 
Additional value adjustments (PVA)
(1.6)
(1.4)
(1.4)
Goodwill and intangible assets
(7.9)
(7.9)
(7.9)
Deferred tax assets that rely on future profitability excluding temporary differences
(0.5)
(0.5)
(0.6)
Fair value reserves related to gains or losses on cash flow hedges
(0.7)
(0.7)
(1.2)
Excess of expected losses over impairment
-
-
(1.2)
Gains or losses on liabilities at fair value resulting from own credit
0.1
0.1
0.1
Defined benefit pension fund assets
(0.8)
(0.6)
(0.7)
Direct and indirect holdings by an institution of own CET1 instruments
(0.1)
(0.1)
(0.1)
Adjustment under IFRS 9 transitional arrangements
1.3
1.3
-
CET1 capital
41.4
40.2
41.6
 
 
 
 
AT1 capital
 
 
 
Capital instruments and related share premium accounts
8.9
8.9
8.9
Qualifying AT1 capital (including minority interests) issued by subsidiaries
2.8
3.1
3.5
Other regulatory adjustments and deductions
(0.1)
(0.1)
(0.1)
AT1 capital
11.7
11.9
12.3
 
 
 
 
T1 capital
53.0
52.1
53.9
 
 
 
 
T2 capital
 
 
 
Capital instruments and related share premium accounts
6.6
6.3
6.5
Qualifying T2 capital (including minority interests) issued by subsidiaries
6.1
6.3
7.0
Credit risk adjustments (excess of impairment over expected losses)
-
0.1
-
Other regulatory adjustments and deductions
(0.3)
(0.3)
(0.3)
Total regulatory capital
65.4
64.5
67.2
 
 
 
 
Total RWAs1
319.3
317.9
313.0
 
1
CET1, T1 and T2 capital, and RWAs are calculated applying the transitional arrangements of the CRR. This includes IFRS 9 transitional arrangements and the grandfathering of CRR non-compliant capital instruments.
2
The fully loaded CET1 ratio, as is relevant for assessing against the conversion trigger in Barclays PLC additional tier 1 (AT1) securities, was 12.6%, with £40.1bn of CET1 capital and £319.2bn of RWAs calculated without applying the transitional arrangements of the CRR.
3
The Barclays PLC CET1 ratio, as is relevant for assessing against the conversion trigger in Barclays Bank PLC T2 Contingent Capital Notes, was 13.0%. For this calculation CET1 capital and RWAs are calculated applying the transitional arrangements under the CRR, including the IFRS 9 transitional arrangements. The benefit of the Financial Services Authority (FSA) October 2012 interpretation of the transitional provisions, relating to the implementation of CRD IV, expired in December 2017.
 
Movement in CET1 capital
Three months
Six months
ended
ended
30.06.18
30.06.18
£bn
£bn
Opening CET1 capital
40.2
41.6
 
 
 
Effects of changes in accounting policies
-
(2.2)
 
 
 
Profit for the period attributable to equity holders
1.4
0.8
Dividends paid and foreseen
(0.4)
(0.8)
Increase/(decrease) in retained regulatory capital generated from earnings
1.0
-
 
 
 
Net impact of share schemes
0.2
(0.2)
Fair value through other comprehensive income reserve
(0.5)
(0.5)
Currency translation reserve
0.9
0.3
Increase/(decrease) in other qualifying reserves
0.6
(0.3)
 
 
 
Pension remeasurements within reserves
0.1
(0.1)
Defined benefit pension fund asset deduction
(0.3)
(0.1)
Net impact of pensions
(0.2)
(0.2)
 
 
 
Additional value adjustments (PVA)
(0.2)
(0.2)
Deferred tax assets that rely on future profitability excluding those arising from temporary differences
-
0.1
Excess of expected loss over impairment
-
1.2
Adjustment under IFRS 9 transitional arrangements
-
1.3
(Decrease)/increase in regulatory capital due to adjustments and deductions
(0.2)
2.5
 
 
 
Closing CET1 capital
41.4
41.4
 
CET1 capital decreased £0.2bn to £41.4bn.
 
Profit for the period attributable to equity holders of £0.8bn was offset by a £0.8bn regulatory deduction for dividends paid and foreseen. Other movements in the period were:
 
A £0.3bn decrease in other qualifying reserves including a £0.5bn decrease in the fair value through other comprehensive income reserve offset by a £0.3bn increase in the currency translation reserve driven by the appreciation of period end USD against GBP
A £0.2bn decrease as a result of movements relating to pensions, largely due to deficit contribution payments of £0.3bn in April 2018
 
The implementation of IFRS 9 resulted in a net increase in CET1 capital as the initial decrease in shareholders' equity of £2.2bn on implementation was more than offset by the transitional relief of £1.3bn and the removal of £1.2bn of regulatory deduction for the excess of expected loss over impairment.
 
Risk weighted assets (RWAs) by risk type and business
 
Credit risk
 
Counterparty credit risk
 
Market risk
 
Operational risk
Total RWAs
 
Std
IRB
 
Std
IRB
Settlement risk
CVA
 
Std
IMA
 
 
 
As at 30.06.18
£bn
£bn
 
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
 
£bn
£bn
 
£bn
£bn
Barclays UK
3.9
59.1
 
0.2
-
-
-
 
-
-
 
11.8
75.0
Barclays International
51.1
74.4
 
15.6
16.4
0.1
2.9
 
14.7
14.4
 
28.4
218.0
Head Office
4.4
5.2
 
-
0.2
-
-
 
-
-
 
16.5
26.3
Barclays Group
59.4
138.7
 
15.8
16.6
0.1
2.9
 
14.7
14.4
 
56.7
319.3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As at 31.03.18
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Barclays UK
3.2
57.1
 
-
-
-
-
 
-
-
 
12.2
72.5
Barclays International
47.5
71.9
 
17.8
17.0
0.1
2.5
 
16.1
13.6
 
27.7
214.2
Head Office
2.8
9.0
 
0.1
0.5
-
0.2
 
0.1
1.6
 
16.8
31.2
Barclays Group
53.6
138.0
 
17.9
17.5
0.1
2.7
 
16.2
15.2
 
56.7
317.9
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As at 31.12.17
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Barclays UK
3.8
55.0
 
-
-
-
-
 
-
-
 
12.2
70.9
Barclays International
49.1
69.5
 
17.0
17.2
0.1
2.8
 
13.3
13.5
 
27.7
210.3
Head Office
2.9
9.8
 
0.1
0.6
-
0.2
 
0.1
1.4
 
16.8
31.8
Barclays Group
55.8
134.2
 
17.1
17.9
0.1
3.0
 
13.4
14.9
 
56.7
313.0
 
Movement analysis of RWAs
 
Credit risk
Counterparty credit risk
Market risk
Operational risk
Total RWAs
Half year ended 30.06.18
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
Opening RWAs
190.0
38.0
28.3
56.7
313.0
Book size
9.8
(1.0)
(0.6)
-
8.2
Acquisitions and disposals
(3.2)
(0.3)
(0.2)
-
(3.7)
Book quality
(2.4)
0.2
-
-
(2.2)
Model updates
(0.2)
-
-
-
(0.2)
Methodology and policy
3.1
(1.5)
1.6
-
3.2
Foreign exchange movements1
1.0
-
-
-
1.0
Closing RWAs
198.1
35.4
29.1
56.7
319.3
 
1
Foreign exchange movements does not include foreign exchange for counterparty credit risk or market risk.
 
RWAs increased £6.3bn to £319.3bn as:
 
Book size increased RWAs by £8.2bn primarily due to increased lending activity in the investment banking businesses
Acquisitions and disposals decreased RWAs by £3.7bn primarily due to the regulatory deconsolidation of BAGL
Book quality decreased RWAs by £2.2bn primarily due to changes in the risk profile in Barclays International
Methodology and policy increased RWAs by £3.2bn primarily due to regulatory methodology changes for the ESHLA portfolio
Foreign exchange movements increased RWAs by £1.0bn primarily due to appreciation of period end USD against GBP
 
Leverage ratio and exposures
 
Barclays is subject to a leverage ratio requirement that is implemented on a phased basis, with a transitional requirement of 3.7% as at 30 June 2018; this comprised the 3.25% minimum requirement, a transitional G-SII additional leverage ratio buffer (G-SII ALRB) of 0.39% and a countercyclical leverage ratio buffer (CCLB) of 0.1%. Although the leverage ratio is expressed in terms of T1 capital, 75% of the minimum requirement, equating to 2.4375%, needs to be met with CET1 capital. In addition, the G-SII ALRB and CCLB must be covered solely with CET1 capital. The CET1 capital held against the 0.39% transitional G-SII ALRB was £4.3bn and the 0.1% CCLB was £1.1bn. The fully loaded UK leverage requirement is expected to be 4.0%.
 
From 1 January 2018, following the end of the transitional period Barclays is required to disclose an average UK leverage ratio which is based on capital on the last day of each month in the quarter and an exposure measure for each day in the quarter. During the transitional period, the exposure measure was based on the last day of each month in the quarter. Barclays is also required to disclose a UK leverage ratio based on capital and exposure on the last day of the quarter. Both approaches exclude qualifying claims on central banks from the leverage exposures.
 
Leverage ratios1,2
As at
30.06.18
As at
31.03.18
As at
31.12.17
£bn
£bn
£bn
Average T1 capital3
49.7
 50.0
 51.2
Average UK leverage exposure4
1,082
 1,090
 1,045
Average UK leverage ratio
4.6%
4.6%
4.9%
UK leverage ratio
4.9%
4.8%
5.1%
 
 
 
 
CET1 capital
                 41.4
 40.2
 41.6
AT1 capital
8.8
 8.8
 8.8
T1 capital3
50.2
 49.1
 50.4
 
 
 
 
Leverage exposure
 
 
 
Accounting assets
 
 
 
Derivative financial instruments
228
215
238
Derivative cash collateral
48
52
53
Securities financing transactions (SFTs)
119
128
113
Loans and advances and other assets
755
747
729
Total IFRS assets
1,150
1,142
1,133
 
 
 
 
Regulatory consolidation adjustments
-
8
8
 
 
 
 
Derivatives adjustments
 
 
 
Derivatives netting
(208)
(195)
(217)
Adjustments to cash collateral
(40)
(34)
(42)
Net written credit protection
20
18
14
Potential future exposure (PFE) on derivatives
128
121
120
Total derivatives adjustments
(100)
(90)
(125)
 
 
 
 
SFTs adjustments
19
20
19
 
 
 
 
Regulatory deductions and other adjustments
(10)
(10)
(13)
 
 
 
 
Weighted off-balance sheet commitments
106
101
103
 
 
 
 
Qualifying central bank claims
(135)
(140)
(140)
 
 
 
 
UK leverage exposure2
1,030
1,031
985
 
1
The fully loaded UK leverage ratio was 4.8%, with £48.9bn of T1 capital and £1,029bn of leverage exposure calculated without applying the transitional arrangements of the CRR.
2
Capital and leverage measures are calculated applying the transitional arrangements of the CRR.
3
The T1 capital is calculated in line with the PRA Handbook, which excludes grandfathered AT1 instruments allowed under the CRR.
4
The average UK leverage exposure as at 31 December 2017 was calculated based on the last day of each month in the quarter.
 
The average UK leverage ratio decreased to 4.6% (December 2017: 4.9%) partially driven by the change to the daily exposure measure. Average UK leverage exposures increased due to higher trading activity in SFTs and trading portfolio assets. Average T1 capital decreased primarily due to settlement of litigation and conduct charges.
 
The UK leverage ratio decreased to 4.9% (December 2017: 5.1%) due to an increase in UK leverage exposure to £1,030bn (December 2017: £985bn).
 
Loans and advances and other assets increased £26bn to £755bn. This was primarily due to a £19bn increase in settlement balances and a £6bn increase in bonds held by treasury, offset by a £10bn decrease in cash and balances at central banks held as part of the Barclays Group liquidity pool
PFEs increased £8bn to £128bn primarily driven by an increase in foreign exchange and interest rate derivatives
SFTs increased £6bn to £119bn primarily driven by higher client demand for securities due to an increase in trading activity
Regulatory consolidation adjustments decreased £8bn primarily driven by the regulatory deconsolidation of BAGL
 
The difference between the average UK leverage ratio and the UK leverage ratio was primarily driven by lower SFTs, trading portfolio assets and settlement exposures at quarter end.
 
Barclays is required to disclose a CRR leverage ratio. This is included in the additional Barclays regulatory disclosures, prepared in accordance with European Banking Authority (EBA) guidelines on disclosure requirements under Part Eight of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 (see Barclays PLC Pillar 3 Report H1 2018), due to be published by 31 August 2018, available at home.barclays/results.
 
Minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities
 
Under the Bank of England’s statement of policy on MREL, the Bank of England will set MREL for UK Global Systemically Important Banks (G-SIBs) as necessary to implement the total loss-absorbing capacity (TLAC) standard. Institution or group-specific MREL requirements will depend on the preferred resolution strategy for that institution or group.
 
The MREL requirements will be phased in from 1 January 2019 and will be fully implemented by 1 January 2022, at which time G-SIBs with resolution entities incorporated in the UK, including Barclays, will be required to meet an MREL equivalent to the higher of either: (i) two times the sum of its Pillar 1 and Pillar 2A requirements or; (ii) the higher of two times its leverage ratio requirement or 6.75% of leverage exposures. However, the PRA will review the MREL calibration by the end of 2020, including assessing the proposal for Pillar 2A recapitalisation which may drive a different 1 January 2022 MREL requirement than currently proposed. In addition, it is proposed that CET1 capital cannot be counted towards both MREL and the combined buffer requirement (CBR), meaning that the CBR will effectively be applied above both the Pillar 1 and Pillar 2A requirements relating to own funds and MREL.
 
Barclays’ indicative MREL requirement is currently expected to be 29.1% of RWAs from 1 January 2022 consisting of the following components:
 
Loss absorption and recapitalisation amounts consisting of 8% Pillar 1 and 4.3% Pillar 2A buffers respectively
Regulatory buffers including a 1.5% G-SII buffer, 2.5% CCB and 0.5% from the planned introduction of a 1% CCyB for the UK1
 
MREL ratios and position
 
 
 
MREL ratios
As at
30.06.18
As at
31.03.18
As at
31.12.17
CET1 capital2
13.0%
12.7%
13.3%
AT1 capital instruments and related share premium accounts
2.8%
2.8%
2.9%
Tier 2 (T2) capital instruments and related share premium accounts
2.1%
2.0%
2.1%
Term senior unsecured funding
8.7%
7.2%
6.8%
Total Barclays PLC (the Parent company) MREL ratio
26.5%
24.7%
25.0%
Qualifying AT1 capital (including minority interests) issued by subsidiaries3
0.9%
0.9%
1.1%
Qualifying T2 capital (including minority interests) issued by subsidiaries3
1.8%
1.9%
2.2%
Total MREL ratio, including eligible Barclays Bank PLC instruments
29.2%
27.5%
28.2%
 
 
 
 
MREL position
£bn
£bn
£bn
CET1 capital2
41.4
40.2
41.6
AT1 capital instruments and related share premium accounts
8.9
8.9
8.9
T2 capital instruments and related share premium accounts
6.6
6.3
6.5
Term senior unsecured funding
27.6
22.9
21.2
Total Barclays PLC (the Parent company) MREL position
84.5
78.3
78.2
Qualifying AT1 capital (including minority interests) issued by subsidiaries3
2.7
2.9
3.4
Qualifying T2 capital (including minority interests) issued by subsidiaries3
5.8
6.1
6.8
Total MREL position, including eligible Barclays Bank PLC instruments
93.0
87.3
88.4
 
 
 
 
Total RWAs2
319.3
317.9
313.0
 
1
2022 requirements subject to Bank of England review by the end of 2020.
2
CET1 capital and RWAs are calculated applying the transitional arrangements of the CRR. This includes IFRS 9 transitional arrangements and the grandfathering of CRR non-compliant capital instruments.
3
Includes other AT1 capital regulatory adjustments and deductions of £0.1bn (December 2017: £0.1bn), and other T2 capital regulatory adjustments and deductions of £0.3bn (December 2017: £0.3bn).
 
Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities
 
Each of the Directors (the names of whom are set out below) confirm that to the best of their knowledge, the condensed consolidated interim financial statements set out on pages 49 to 54 have been prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standard 34, ‘Interim Financial Reporting’, as adopted by the European Union (EU), and that the interim management report herein includes a fair review of the information required by Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules (DTR) 4.2.7R and 4.2.8R namely:
 
an indication of important events that have occurred during the six months ended 30 June 2018 and their impact on the condensed consolidated interim financial statements, and a description of the principal risks and uncertainties for the remaining six months of the financial year
any related party transactions in the six months ended 30 June 2018 that have materially affected the financial position or performance of Barclays during that period and any changes in the related party transactions described in the last Annual Report that could have a material effect on the financial position or performance of Barclays in the six months ended 30 June 2018.
 
Signed on 1 August 2018 on behalf of the Board by
 
James E Staley
Tushar Morzaria
Group Chief Executive 
Group Finance Director
 
Barclays PLC Board of Directors:
 
Chairman
John McFarlane
Executive Directors
James E Staley
Tushar Morzaria
 
Non-executive Directors
Mike Ashley
Tim Breedon CBE
Sir Ian Cheshire
Mary Anne Citrino
Mary Francis CBE
Crawford Gillies
Sir Gerry Grimstone
Reuben Jeffery III
Matthew Lester
Dambisa Moyo
Diane Schueneman
Mike Turner CBE
 
  
Independent Review Report to Barclays PLC
 
Conclusion
 
We have been engaged by the company to review the condensed set of financial statements in the Interim Results Announcement for the six months ended 30 June 2018 which comprises:
 
the condensed consolidated income statement and condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the period then ended;
the condensed consolidated balance sheet as at 30 June 2018;
the condensed consolidated statement of changes in equity for the period then ended;
the condensed consolidated cash flow statement for the period then ended; and
the related explanatory notes
 
Based on our review, nothing has come to our attention that causes us to believe that the condensed set of financial statements in the Interim Results Announcement for the six months ended 30 June 2018 is not prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with IAS 34, Interim Financial Reporting as adopted by the EU and the Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules (“the DTR”) of the UK’s Financial Conduct Authority (“the UK FCA”).
 
Scope of review
 
We conducted our review in accordance with International Standard on Review Engagements (UK and Ireland) 2410 Review of Interim Financial Information Performed by the Independent Auditor of the Entity issued by the Auditing Practices Board for use in the UK. A review of interim financial information consists of making enquiries, primarily of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters, and applying analytical and other review procedures. We read the other information contained in the Interim Results Announcement and consider whether it contains any apparent misstatements or material inconsistencies with the information in the condensed set of financial statements.
 
A review is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) and consequently does not enable us to obtain assurance that we would become aware of all significant matters that might be identified in an audit. Accordingly, we do not express an audit opinion.
 
Directors’ responsibilities
 
The Interim Results Announcement is the responsibility of, and has been approved by, the directors. The directors are responsible for preparing the Interim Results Announcement in accordance with the DTR of the UK FCA.
 
As disclosed in Note 1, Basis of preparation, the annual financial statements of the Barclays Group are prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the EU. The directors are responsible for preparing the condensed set of financial statements included in the Interim Results Announcement in accordance with IAS 34 as adopted by the EU.
 
Our responsibility
 
Our responsibility is to express to the company a conclusion on the condensed set of financial statements in the Interim Results Announcement based on our review.
 
The purpose of our review work and to whom we owe our responsibilities
 
This report is made solely to the company in accordance with the terms of our engagement to assist the company in meeting the requirements of the DTR of the UK FCA. Our review has been undertaken so that we might state to the company those matters we are required to state to it in this report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company for our review work, for this report, or for the conclusions we have reached.
 
KPMG LLP
Chartered Accountants
15 Canada Square
London, E14 5GL
 
1 August 2018
 
Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Condensed consolidated income statement (unaudited)
 
 
Half year ended
Half year ended
 
 
30.06.18
30.06.17
Continuing operations
Notes1
£m
£m
Net interest income
 
4,378
5,098
Net fee and commission income
3
3,489
3,550
Net trading income
 
2,480
1,667
Net investment income
 
512
528
Other income
 
75
38
Total income
 
10,934
10,881
Credit impairment charges and other provisions
 
(571)
(1,054)
Net operating income
 
10,363
9,827
 
 
 
 
Staff costs
4
(4,277)
(4,460)
Administration and general expenses
5
(4,439)
(3,272)
Operating expenses
 
(8,716)
(7,732)
 
 
 
 
Profit on disposal of undertakings and share of results of associates and joint ventures
 
12
246
Profit before tax
 
1,659
2,341
Tax charge
6
(737)
(778)
Profit after tax in respect of continuing operations
 
922
1,563
Loss after tax in respect of discontinued operation
 
-
(2,195)
Profit/(loss) after tax
 
922
(632)
 
 
 
 
Attributable to:
 
 
 
Equity holders of the parent
 
468
(1,211)
Other equity instrument holders2
 
346
301
Total equity holders of the parent
 
814
(910)
Non-controlling interests in respect of continuing operations
7
108
138
Non-controlling interests in respect of discontinued operation
7
-
140
Profit/(loss) after tax
 
922
(632)
 
 
 
 
Earnings per share2
 
p
p
Basic earnings/(loss) per ordinary share
8
3.3
(6.6)
Basic earnings per ordinary share in respect of continuing operations
8
3.3
7.1
Basic loss per ordinary share in respect of discontinued operation
8
-
(13.7)
Diluted earnings/(loss) per ordinary share
8
3.2
(6.5)
Diluted earnings per ordinary share in respect of continuing operations
8
3.2
7.0
Diluted loss per ordinary share in respect of discontinued operation
8
-
(13.5)
 
1
For notes to the Financial Statements see pages 55 to 93.
2
The profit after tax attributable to other equity instrument holders of £346m (H117: £301m) is offset by a tax credit recorded in reserves of £93m (H117: £82m). The net amount of £253m (H117: £219m), along with non-controlling interests, is deducted from profit after tax in order to calculate earnings per share and return on average tangible shareholders’ equity.
 
Condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income (unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Half year ended
Half year ended
 
 
30.06.18
30.06.17
 
Notes1
£m
£m
Profit/(loss) after tax
 
922
(632)
Profit after tax in respect of continuing operations
 
922
1,563
Loss after tax in respect of discontinued operation
 
-
(2,195)
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income/(loss) that may be recycled to profit or loss from continuing operations:2
 
Currency translation reserve
17
338
(635)
Available for sale reserve3
17
-
69
Fair value through other comprehensive income reserve3
17
(189)
-
Cash flow hedging reserve
17
(509)
(531)
Other
 
11
15
Other comprehensive loss that may be recycled to profit or loss from continuing operations
 
(349)
(1,082)
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income/(loss) not recycled to profit or loss from continuing operations:2
 
Retirement benefit remeasurements
14
(54)
(29)
Fair value through other comprehensive income reserve3
17
(267)
-
Own credit
17
(73)
22
Other comprehensive loss not recycled to profit or loss from continuing operations
 
(394)
(7)
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive loss for the period from continuing operations
 
(743)
(1,089)
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income for the period from discontinued operation
 
-
1,301
 
 
 
 
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the period:
 
 
 
Total comprehensive income for the period, net of tax from continuing operations
 
179
474
Total comprehensive loss for the period, net of tax from discontinued operation
 
-
(894)
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the period
 
179
(420)
 
 
 
 
Attributable to:
 
 
 
Equity holders of the parent
 
70
(666)
Non-controlling interests
 
109
246
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the period
 
179
(420)
 
1
For notes to the Financial Statements see pages 55 to 93.
2
Reported net of tax.
3
Following the adoption of IFRS 9, Financial Instruments on 1 January 2018, the fair value through other comprehensive income reserve was introduced replacing the available for sale reserve.
 
Condensed consolidated balance sheet (unaudited)
 
 
As at
As at
 
 
30.06.18
31.12.172
Assets
Notes1
£m
£m
Cash and balances at central banks
 
160,751
171,082
Cash collateral and settlement balances
 
94,186
77,168
Loans and advances at amortised cost
 
320,967
324,048
Reverse repurchase agreements and other similar secured lending
 
694
12,546
Trading portfolio assets
 
116,536
113,760
Financial assets at fair value through the income statement
 
146,430
116,281
Derivative financial instruments
10
228,498
237,669
Financial investments
 
-
58,915
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
 
60,089
-
Investments in associates and joint ventures
 
713
718
Goodwill and intangible assets
 
7,871
7,849
Property, plant and equipment
 
2,471
2,572
Current tax assets
6
567
482
Deferred tax assets
6
4,028
3,457
Retirement benefit assets
14
1,124
966
Other assets
 
4,647
4,542
Assets included in disposal groups classified as held for sale
 
-
1,193
Total assets
 
1,149,572
1,133,248
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
Deposits at amortised cost
 
386,451
398,701
Cash collateral and settlement balances
 
85,254
68,143
Repurchase agreements and other similar secured borrowing
 
20,865
40,338
Debt securities in issue
 
78,404
73,314
Subordinated liabilities
12
20,095
23,826
Trading portfolio liabilities
 
47,367
37,351
Financial liabilities designated at fair value
 
211,390
173,718
Derivative financial instruments
10
224,928
238,345
Current tax liabilities
6
684
586
Deferred tax liabilities
6
71
44
Retirement benefit liabilities
14
291
312
Other liabilities
 
7,315
9,011
Provisions
13
3,289
3,543
Total liabilities
 
1,086,404
1,067,232
 
 
 
 
Equity
 
 
 
Called up share capital and share premium
15
22,144
22,045
Other reserves
17
4,532
5,383
Retained earnings
 
25,441
27,536
Shareholders' equity attributable to ordinary shareholders of the parent
 
52,117
54,964
Other equity instruments
16
8,938
8,941
Total equity excluding non-controlling interests
 
61,055
63,905
Non-controlling interests
7
2,113
2,111
Total equity
 
63,168
66,016
 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and equity
 
1,149,572
1,133,248
 
1
For notes to the Financial Statements see pages 55 to 93.
2
Barclays introduced changes to the balance sheet presentation as at 31 December 2017 as a result of the adoption of new accounting policies on 1 January 2018. Further detail on the adoption of new accounting policies can be found in Note 1, Basis of preparation on pages 55 to 60, Note 21, Transition disclosures on pages 90 to 92 and the Credit risk disclosures on pages 27 to 30.
 
Condensed consolidated statement of changes in equity (unaudited)
 
 
Called up share capital and share premium1
Other equity instruments1
Other reserves1
Retained earnings
Total
Non-controlling interests2
Total equity
Half year ended 30.06.18
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
Balance as at 31 December 2017
22,045
8,941
5,383
27,536
63,905
2,111
66,016
Effects of changes in accounting policies
-
-
(136)
(2,014)
(2,150)
-
(2,150)
Balance as at 1 January 2018
22,045
8,941
5,247
25,522
61,755
2,111
63,866
Continuing operations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit after tax
-
346
-
468
814
108
922
Currency translation movements
-
-
338
-
338
-
338
Fair value through other comprehensive income reserve
-
-
(456)
-
(456)
-
(456)
Cash flow hedges
-
-
(509)
-
(509)
-
(509)
Retirement benefit remeasurements
-
-
-
(54)
(54)
-
(54)
Own credit
-
-
(73)
-
(73)
-
(73)
Other
-
-
-
10
10
1
11
Total comprehensive income for the period
-
346
(700)
424
70
109
179
Issue of new ordinary shares
67
-
-
-
67
-
67
Issue of shares under employee share schemes
32
-
-
237
269
-
269
Other equity instruments coupons paid
-
(346)
-
93
(253)
-
(253)
Redemption of preference shares
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Treasury shares
-
-
(15)
(484)
(499)
-
(499)
Dividends paid
-
-
-
(341)
(341)
(106)
(447)
Other movements
-
(3)
-
(10)
(13)
(1)
(14)
Balance as at 30 June 2018
22,144
8,938
4,532
25,441
61,055
2,113
63,168
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Half year ended 31.12.17
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as at 1 July 2017
21,998
7,694
6,148
28,026
63,866
2,397
66,263
Continuing operations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit after tax
-
338
-
(711)
(373)
111
(262)
Currency translation movements
-
-
(702)
-
(702)
-
(702)
Available for sale investments
-
-
380
-
380
-
380
Cash flow hedges
-
-
(417)
-
(417)
-
(417)
Retirement benefit remeasurements
-
-
-
82
82
-
82
Own credit
-
-
(33)
-
(33)
-
(33)
Other
-
-
-
(20)
(20)
-
(20)
Total comprehensive income for the period
-
338
(772)
(649)
(1,083)
111
(972)
Issue of new ordinary shares
10
-
-
-
10
-
10
Issue of shares under employee share schemes
37
-
-
221
258
-
258
Issue and exchange of other equity instruments
-
1,245
-
-
1,245
-
1,245
Other equity instruments coupons paid
-
(338)
-
92
(246)
-
(246)
Redemption of preference shares
-
-
-
(6)
(6)
(203)
(209)
Treasury shares
-
-
-
(19)
(19)
-
(19)
Dividends paid
-
-
-
(170)
(170)
(108)
(278)
Net equity impact of partial BAGL disposal
-
-
-
-
-
(19)
(19)
Other movements
-
2
7
41
50
(67)
(17)
Balance as at 31 December 2017
22,045
8,941
5,383
27,536
63,905
2,111
66,016
 
1
Details of share capital, other equity instruments and other reserves are shown on pages 77 to 78.
2
Details of non-controlling interests are shown on page 64.
 
Condensed consolidated statement of changes in equity (unaudited)
 
 
Called up share capital and share premium1
Other equity instruments1
Other reserves1
Retained earnings
Total
Non-controlling interests2
Total equity
Half year ended 30.06.17
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
Balance as at 31 December 2016
21,842
6,449
6,051
30,531
64,873
6,492
71,365
Effects of changes in accounting policies
-
-
(175)
175
-
-
-
Balance as at 1 January 2017
21,842
6,449
5,876
30,706
64,873
6,492
71,365
Continuing operations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit after tax
-
301
-
1,124
1,425
138
1,563
Currency translation movements
-
-
(634)
-
(634)
(1)
(635)
Available for sale investments
-
-
69
-
69
-
69
Cash flow hedges
-
-
(531)
-
(531)
-
(531)
Retirement benefit remeasurements
-
-
-
(29)
(29)
-
(29)
Own credit
-
-
22
-
22
-
22
Other
-
-
-
15
15
-
15
Total comprehensive income net of tax from continuing operations
-
301
(1,074)
1,110
337
137
474
Total comprehensive income net of tax from discontinued operation
-
-
1,332
(2,335)
(1,003)
109
(894)
Total comprehensive income for the period
-
301
258
(1,225)
(666)
246
(420)
Issue of new ordinary shares
107
-
-
-
107
-
107
Issue of shares under employee share schemes
49
-
-
284
333
-
333
Issue and exchange of other equity instruments
-
1,245
-
-
1,245
-
1,245
Other equity instruments coupons paid
-
(301)
-
82
(219)
-
(219)
Redemption of preference shares
-
-
-
(473)
(473)
(657)
(1,130)
Treasury shares
-
-
14
(617)
(603)
-
(603)
Dividends paid
-
-
-
(339)
(339)
(307)
(646)
Net equity impact of partial BAGL disposal
-
-
-
(359)
(359)
(3,443)
(3,802)
Other movements
-
-
-
(33)
(33)
66
33
Balance as at 30 June 2017
21,998
7,694
6,148
28,026
63,866
2,397
66,263
 
1
Details of share capital, other equity instruments and other reserves are shown on pages 77 to 78.
2
Details of non-controlling interests are shown on page 64.
 
Condensed consolidated cash flow statement (unaudited)
 
 
 
Half year ended
Half year ended
 
30.06.18
30.06.17
Continuing operations
£m
£m
Profit before tax
1,659
2,341
Adjustment for non-cash items
2,716
1,041
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
(2,799)
32,088
Corporate income tax paid
(172)
(530)
Net cash from operating activities
1,404
34,940
Net cash from investing activities
(7,332)
2,043
Net cash from financing activities
(4,300)
287
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents
403
(1,092)
Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents from continuing operations
(9,825)
36,178
Net cash from discontinued operation
-
101
Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents
(9,825)
36,279
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period
204,612
144,110
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period
194,787
180,389
 
Financial Statement Notes
 
1. Basis of preparation
 
These condensed consolidated interim financial statements for the six months ended 30 June 2018 have been prepared in accordance with the DTR of the UK’s Financial Conduct Authority (the UK FCA) and with IAS 34, Interim Financial Reporting, as published by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and adopted by the EU. The condensed consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the annual financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2017, which have been prepared in accordance with IFRSs as published by the IASB and as adopted by the EU.
 
The accounting policies and methods of computation used in these condensed consolidated interim financial statements are the same as those used in the Barclays PLC Annual Report 2017, except as disclosed below.
 
1.
IFRS 9 Financial Instruments
 
IFRS 9, Financial Instruments, which replaced IAS 39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement, was applied effective from 1 January 2018, including the early adoption of ‘Prepayment Features with Negative Compensation (Amendments to IFRS 9)’ which was endorsed by the EU in March 2018. IFRS 9 includes an accounting policy choice to continue to apply hedge accounting in accordance with IAS 39, which Barclays has decided to apply.
 
IFRS 9 was applied retrospectively by adjusting the opening balance sheet at the date of initial application, and comparative periods have not been restated.
 
(i)
Changes in presentation
 
The following voluntary changes in presentation have been made as a result of the review of accounting presentation following the adoption of IFRS 9, and is expected to provide more relevant information to the users of the financial statements. These presentational changes have no effect on the measurement of these items and therefore had no impact on retained earnings or profit for any period. The effect of these presentational changes on transition are included in the reconciliation on pages 90 to 92 and are noted below:
 
‘Items in the course of collection from other banks’ and ‘prepayments, accrued income and other assets’ are reported in ‘other assets’. Equally, ‘items in the course of collection due to other banks’ and ‘accruals, deferred income and other liabilities’ are reported in ‘other liabilities’;
‘Loans and advances to banks’ and ‘loans and advances to customers’ have been disaggregated and are now reported in ‘loans and advances at amortised cost’ and ‘cash collateral and settlement balances’;
‘Deposits from banks’ and ‘customer accounts’ have been disaggregated and are now reported in ‘deposits at amortised cost’ and ‘cash collateral and settlement balances’;
‘Financial assets designated at fair value’ are now reported within ‘financial assets at fair value through the income statement’;
The majority of available for sale assets which were previously reported in ‘financial investments’ are now reported in ‘financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income’; and
Held to maturity assets which were previously reported in ‘financial investments’ are now reported in ‘loans and advances at amortised cost’.
 
(ii)
 
Application of IFRS 9
 
The accounting policies which have been applied effective from 1 January 2018 as a result of adopting IFRS 9 are as follows.
 
IFRS 9 requires financial assets to be classified on the basis of two criteria:
 
i)
the business model within which financial assets are managed; and
ii)
their contractual cash flow characteristics (whether the cash flows represent ‘solely payments of principal and interest’ (SPPI)).
 
Business models were determined on initial application of IFRS 9. Barclays assesses the business model criteria at a portfolio level. Information that is considered in determining the applicable business model includes (i) policies and objectives for the relevant portfolio, (ii) how the performance and risks of the portfolio are managed, evaluated and reported to management, and (iii) the frequency, volume and timing of sales in prior periods, sales expectation for future periods, and the reasons for such sales.
 
The contractual cash flow characteristics of financial assets are assessed with reference to whether the cash flows represent SPPI. In assessing whether contractual cash flows are SPPI compliant, interest is defined as consideration primarily for the time value of money and the credit risk of the principal outstanding. The time value of money is defined as the element of interest that provides consideration only for the passage of time and not consideration for other risks or costs associated with holding the financial asset. Terms that could change the contractual cash flows so that it would not meet the condition for SPPI are considered, including: (i) contingent and leverage features, (ii) non-recourse arrangements and (iii) features that could modify the time value of money.
 
(iii)
Financial instruments measured at amortised cost
 
Financial assets that are held in a business model to collect the contractual cash flows and that contain contractual terms that give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are SPPI, are measured at amortised cost. The carrying value of these financial assets at initial recognition includes any directly attributable transaction costs.
 
In determining whether the business model is a ‘hold to collect’ model, the objective of the business model must be to hold the financial asset to collect contractual cash flows rather than holding the financial asset for trading or short-term profit taking purposes. While the objective of the business model must be to hold the financial asset to collect contractual cash flows this does not mean Barclays is required to hold the financial assets until maturity. When determining if the business model objective is to collect contractual cash flows Barclays will consider past sales and expectations about future sales.
 
(iv)
Financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (‘FVOCI’)
 
Financial assets that are debt instruments held in a business model that is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling and that contain contractual terms that give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are SPPI are measured at FVOCI. They are subsequently remeasured at fair value and changes therein (except for those relating to impairment, interest income and foreign currency exchange gains and losses) are recognised in other comprehensive income until the assets are sold. Upon disposal, the cumulative gains and losses in other comprehensive income are recognised in the income statement in net investment income.
 
In determining whether the business model is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets, it is determined that both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets are integral to achieving the objective of the business model. When determining if the business model is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets, Barclays will consider past sales and expectations about future sales.
 
(v)
Equity securities
 
For equity securities that are not held for trading, Barclays may make an irrevocable election to present subsequent changes in the fair value of the instrument in other comprehensive income (except for dividend income which is recognised in profit or loss). Gains or losses on the derecognition of these equity securities are not transferred to profit or loss. These assets are also not subject to the impairment requirements and therefore no amounts are recycled to the income statement. Where Barclays has not made the irrevocable election to present subsequent changes in the fair value of the instrument in other comprehensive income, equity securities are measured at fair value through profit or loss.
 
(vi)
Financial instruments designated at fair value through profit or loss
 
Financial assets, other than those held for trading, are classified in this category if they are so irrevocably designated at inception and the use of the designation removes or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch.
 
Subsequent changes in fair value are recognised in the income statement in net investment income.
 
Financial liabilities can be designated at fair value through profit or loss if they meet one or more of the criteria set out below and are so designated irrevocable at inception:
 
the use of the designation removes or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch;
when a group of financial assets and liabilities or a group of financial liabilities is managed and its performance is evaluated on a fair value basis, in accordance with a documented risk management or investment strategy; or
where the financial liability contains one or more non-closely related embedded derivatives.
 
Subsequent changes in fair value are recognised in the income statement in net investment income, except if reporting it in trading income reduces an accounting mismatch.
 
(vii)
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
 
Financial assets that are held for trading are recognised at fair value through profit or loss. In addition, financial assets are held at fair value through profit or loss if they do not contain contractual terms that give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are SPPI, or if the financial asset is not held in a business model that is either (i) a business model to collect the contractual cash flows or (ii) a business model that is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling. Subsequent changes in fair value for these instruments are recognised in the income statement in net investment income, except if reporting it in trading income reduces an accounting mismatch.  
 
(viii)
Derivatives
 
Derivative instruments are contracts whose value is derived from one or more underlying financial instruments or indices defined in the contract. All derivative instruments are held at fair value through profit or loss, except for derivatives that are in a designated cash flow or net investment hedge accounting relationship. This includes terms included in a contract or financial liability (the host), which, had it been a standalone contract, would have met the definition of a derivative. If these are separated from the host, i.e. when the economic characteristics of the embedded derivative are not closely related with those of the host contract and the combined instrument is not measured at fair value through profit or loss, then they are accounted for in the same way as derivatives. For financial assets, the requirements are whether the financial asset contain contractual terms that give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are SPPI, and consequently the requirements for accounting for embedded derivatives are not applicable to financial assets.
 
(ix)
Impairment
 
Entities are required to recognise expected credit losses (ECLs) based on unbiased forward-looking information for all financial assets at amortised cost, lease receivables, debt financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income, loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts. Intercompany exposures, including loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts, are also in scope under IFRS 9.
 
At the reporting date, an allowance (or provision for loan commitments and financial guarantees) is required for the 12 month ECLs. If the credit risk has significantly increased since initial recognition (Stage 1), an allowance (or provision) should be recognised for the lifetime ECLs for financial instruments for which the credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition (Stage 2) or which are credit impaired (Stage 3).
 
The measurement of ECL is calculated using three main components: (i) probability of default (PD (ii) loss given default (LGD) and (iii) the exposure at default (EAD).
 
The 12 month ECL is calculated by multiplying the 12 month PD, LGD and the EAD. The 12 month and lifetime PDs represent the PD occurring over the next 12 months and the remaining maturity of the instrument respectively. The EAD represents the expected balance at default, taking into account the repayment of principal and interest from the balance sheet date to the default event together with any expected drawdowns of committed facilities. The LGD represents expected losses on the EAD given the event of default, taking into account, among other attributes, the mitigating effect of collateral value at the time it is expected to be realised and the time value of money.
 
Determining a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition:
 
Barclays assesses when a significant increase in credit risk has occurred based on quantitative and qualitative assessments. Exposures are considered to have resulted in a significant increase in credit risk and are moved to Stage 2 when:
 
i)
Quantitative test
 
The annualised cumulative weighted average lifetime PD has increased by more than an agreed threshold relative to the equivalent at origination.
 
PD deterioration thresholds are defined as percentage increases, and are set at an origination score band and segment level to ensure the test appropriately captures significant increases in credit risk at all risk levels. Generally, thresholds are inversely correlated to the origination PD, i.e. as the origination PD increases, the threshold value reduces.
 
The assessment of materiality, i.e. at what point a PD increase is deemed ‘significant’, is based upon analysis of the portfolios’ risk profile against a common set of principles and performance metrics (consistent across both retail and wholesale businesses), incorporating expert credit judgement where appropriate.
 
For existing/historic exposures where origination point scores/data are no longer available or do not represent a comparable estimate of lifetime PD, a proxy origination score is defined, based upon:
 
Back-population of the approved lifetime PD score either to origination date or, where this is not feasible, as far back as possible, (subject to a data start point no later than 1 January 2015); or
Use of available historic account performance data and other customer information, to derive a comparable ‘proxy’ estimation of origination PD.
 
ii)
Qualitative test
 
Accounts meet the portfolio’s ‘high risk’ criteria and are subject to closer credit monitoring.
 
High risk customers may not be in arrears but either through an event or an observed behaviour exhibit credit distress. The definition and assessment of high risk includes as wide a range of information as reasonably available, including industry and Group wide customer level data wherever possible or relevant.
 
Whilst the high risk populations applied for IFRS 9 impairment purposes are aligned with risk management processes, they are also regularly reviewed and validated to ensure that they capture any incremental segments where there is evidence of credit deterioration.
 
iii)
Backstop criteria
 
Accounts that are 30 calendar days or more past due. The 30 days past due criteria is a backstop rather than a primary driver of moving exposures into Stage 2.
 
Exposures will move back to Stage 1 once they no longer meet the criteria for a significant increase in credit risk and when any cure criteria used for credit risk management are met. This is subject to all payments being up to date and the customer evidencing ability and willingness to maintain future payments.
 
Barclays does not rely on the low credit risk exemption which would assume facilities of investment grade are not significantly deteriorated. Determining the PD at initial recognition requires management estimates.
 
Management overlays and other exceptions to model outputs are applied only if consistent with the objective of identifying significant increases in credit risk.
 
(x)
Forward-looking information
 
Credit losses are the expected cash shortfalls from what is contractually due over the expected life of the financial instrument, discounted at the original effective interest rate (EIR). ECLs are the unbiased probability-weighted credit losses determined by evaluating a range of possible outcomes and considering future economic conditions. When there is a non-linear relationship between forward-looking economic scenarios and their associated credit losses, five forward-looking economic scenarios are considered to ensure a sufficient unbiased representative sample of the complete distribution is included in determining the expected loss. Stress testing methodologies are leveraged within forecasting economic scenarios.
 
The measurement of ECL involves increased complexity and judgement, including estimation of PDs, LGD, a range of unbiased future economic scenarios, estimation of expected lives, and estimation of EAD and assessing significant increases in credit risk. Impairment charges will tend to be more volatile and will be recognised earlier. Unsecured products with longer expected lives, such as revolving credit cards, are the most impacted.
 
Barclays Group utilises an external consensus forecast as the baseline scenario. In addition, two adverse and two favourable scenarios are derived, with associated probability weightings. The adverse scenarios are calibrated to a similar severity to internal stress tests, whilst also incorporating IFRS 9 specific sensitivities and non-linearity. The most adverse scenarios are benchmarked to the Bank of England’s annual cyclical scenarios and to the most severe scenarios from Moody’s inventory, but are not designed to be the same. The favourable scenarios are calibrated to be symmetric to the adverse scenarios, subject to a ceiling calibrated to relevant recent favourable benchmark scenarios. The scenarios include six core variables, (GDP, unemployment and House Price Index in both the UK & US markets), and expanded variables using statistical models based on historical correlations. The probability weights of the scenarios are estimated such that the baseline (reflecting current consensus outlook) has the highest weight and the weights of adverse and favourable scenarios depend on the deviation from the baseline; the further from the baseline, the smaller the weight. A single set of five scenarios is used across all portfolios and all five weights are normalised to equate to 100%. The impacts across the portfolios are different because of the sensitivities of each of the portfolios to specific macroeconomic variables, for example, mortgages are highly sensitive to house prices and base rates, and credit cards and unsecured consumer loans are highly sensitive to unemployment.
 
(xi)
Definition of default, credit impaired assets, write-offs, and interest income recognition
 
The definition of default for the purpose of determining ECLs has been aligned to the Regulatory Capital CRR Article 178 definition of default, which considers indicators that the debtor is unlikely to pay, includes exposures in forbearance and is no later than when the exposure is more than 90 days past due or 180 days past due in the case of UK mortgages. When exposures are identified as credit impaired or purchased or originated as such interest income is calculated on the carrying value net of the impairment allowance.
 
Credit impaired is when the exposure has defaulted which is also anticipated to align to when an exposure is identified as individually impaired.
 
Uncollectible loans are written off against the related allowance for loan impairment on completion of the Barclays Group’s internal processes and when all reasonably expected recoverable amounts have been collected. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off are credited to the income statement.
 
(xii)
Loan modifications and renegotiations that are not credit-impaired
 
When modification of a loan agreement occurs as a result of commercial restructuring activity rather than due to credit risk of the borrower, an assessment must be performed to determine whether the terms of the new agreement are substantially different from the terms of the existing agreement. This assessment considers both the change in cash flows arising from the modified terms as well as the change in overall instrument risk profile.  
 
Where terms are substantially different, the existing loan will be derecognised and new loan recognised at fair value, with any difference in valuation recognised immediately within the income statement, subject to observability criteria.
 
Where terms are not substantially different, the loan carrying value will be adjusted to reflect the present value of modified cash flows discounted at the original EIR, with any resulting gain or loss recognised immediately within the income statement as a modification gain or loss.
 
(xiii)
Expected life
 
Lifetime ECLs must be measured over the expected life. This is restricted to the maximum contractual life and takes into account expected prepayment, extension, call and similar options. The exceptions are certain revolver financial instruments, such as credit cards and bank overdrafts, that include both a drawn and an undrawn component where the entity’s contractual ability to demand repayment and cancel the undrawn commitment does not limit the entity’s exposure to credit losses to the contractual notice period. The expected life for these revolver facilities is expected to be behavioural life. Where data is insufficient or analysis inconclusive, an additional ‘maturity factor’ may be incorporated to reflect the full estimated life of the exposures, based upon experienced judgement and/or peer analysis. Potential future modifications of contracts are not taken into account when determining the expected life or EAD until they occur.
 
(xiv)
Discounting
 
ECLs are discounted at the EIR at initial recognition or an approximation thereof and consistent with income recognition. For loan commitments the EIR is the rate that is expected to apply when the loan is drawn down and a financial asset is recognised. Issued financial guarantee contracts are discounted at the risk free rate. Lease receivables are discounted at the rate implicit in the lease. For variable/floating rate financial assets, the spot rate at the reporting date is used and projections of changes in the variable rate over the expected life are not made to estimate future interest cash flows or for discounting.
 
(xv)
Modelling techniques
 
ECLs are calculated by multiplying three main components, being the PD, LGD and the EAD, discounted at the original EIR. The regulatory Basel Committee of Banking Supervisors (BCBS) ECL calculations are leveraged for IFRS 9 modelling but adjusted for key differences which include:
 
BCBS requires 12 month through the economic cycle losses whereas IFRS 9 requires 12 months or lifetime point in time losses based on conditions at the reporting date and multiple forecasts of the future economic conditions over the expected lives;
IFRS 9 models do not include certain conservative BCBS model floors and downturn assessments and require discounting to the reporting date at the original EIR rather than using the cost of capital to the date of default;
Management adjustments are made to modelled output to account for situations where known or expected risk factors and information have not been considered in the modelling process, for example forecast economic scenarios for uncertain political events; and
ECL is measured at the individual financial instrument level, however a collective approach where financial instruments with similar risk characteristics are grouped together, with apportionment to individual financial instruments, is used where effects can only be seen at a collective level, for example for forward-looking information.
 
For the IFRS 9 impairment assessment, Barclays’ risk models are used to determine the PD, LGD and EAD. For Stage 2 and 3, Barclays applies lifetime PDs but uses 12 month PDs for Stage 1. The ECL drivers of PD, EAD and LGD are modelled at an account level which considers vintage, among other credit factors. Also, the assessment of significant increase in credit risk is based on the initial lifetime PD curve, which accounts for the different credit risk underwritten over time.
 
(xvi)
Forbearance
 
A financial asset is subject to forbearance when it is modified due to the credit distress of the borrower. A modification made to the terms of an asset due to forbearance will typically be assessed as a non-substantial modification that does not result in derecognition of the original loan, except in circumstances where debt is exchanged for equity.
 
Both performing and non-performing forbearance assets are classified as Stage 3 except where it is established that the concession granted has not resulted in diminished financial obligation and that no other regulatory definitions of default criteria has been triggered, in which case the asset is classified as Stage 2. The minimum probationary period for non-performing forbearance is 12 months and for performing forbearance, 24 months. Hence, a minimum of 36 months is required for non-performing forbearance to move out of a forborne state.
 
No financial instrument in forbearance can transfer back to Stage 1 until all of the Stage 2 thresholds are no longer met and can only move out of Stage 3 when no longer credit impaired.
 
2.
IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers
 
IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which replaced IAS 18, Revenue and IAS 11, Construction Contracts, was applied effective from 1 January 2018. It applies to all contracts with customers except leases, financial instruments and insurance contracts. The standard establishes a more systematic approach for revenue measurement and recognition by introducing a five-step model governing revenue recognition. The five-step model requires Barclays to (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify each of the performance obligations included in the contract, (iii) determine the amount of consideration in the contract, (iv) allocate the consideration to each of the identified performance obligations and (v) recognise revenue as each performance obligation is satisfied.
 
There are no significant impacts from the adoption of IFRS 15 in relation to the timing of when Barclays recognises revenues or when revenue should be recognised gross as a principal or net as an agent. Therefore, Barclays will continue to recognise fee and commission income charged for services provided by the Barclays Group as the services are provided (for example on completion of the underlying transaction). Revenue recognition for trading income and net investment income are recognised based on requirements of IFRS 9.
 
3.
Going concern
 
Having reassessed the Principal Risks, the directors considered it appropriate to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the interim financial information.
 
2. Segmental reporting
 
Analysis of results by business
 
 
 
 
 
Barclays
UK
Barclays
International
Head
Office
Barclays
Group
Half year ended 30.06.18
£m
£m
£m
£m
Total income1
3,624
7,515
(205)
10,934
Credit impairment (charges)/releases and other provisions
(415)
(161)
5
(571)
Net operating income/(expenses)
3,209
7,354
(200)
10,363
Operating expenses
(2,387)
(4,668)
(1,661)
(8,716)
Other net income/(expenses)2
4
24
(16)
12
Profit/(loss) before tax
826
2,710
(1,877)
1,659
 
 
 
 
 
 
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
Total assets
245.9
886.5
17.2
1,149.6
 
 
Barclays
UK
Barclays
International
Head
Office
Barclays
Non-Core3
Barclays
Group
Half year ended 30.06.17
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
Total income
3,661
7,748
2
(530)
10,881
Credit impairment charges and other provisions
(398)
(625)
(1)
(30)
(1,054)
Net operating income/(expenses)
3,263
7,123
1
(560)
9,827
Operating expenses
(2,628)
(4,720)
(100)
(284)
(7,732)
Other net (expenses)/income2
(1)
214
(164)
197
246
Profit/(loss) before tax
634
2,617
(263)
(647)
2,341
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
£bn
Total assets
203.4
681.6
17.3
233.0
1,135.3
 
1
£176m of certain legacy capital instrument funding costs are now charged to Head Office, the impact of which would have been materially the same if the charges had been included in H117.
2
Other net income/(expenses) represents the share of post-tax results of associates and joint ventures, profit (or loss) on disposal of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures and gains on acquisitions.
3
Barclays Non-Core segment was closed on 1 July 2017, with financial performance subsequently reported in Barclays UK, Barclays International and Head Office.
 
 
Half year ended
Half year ended
Split of income by geographic region1
30.06.18
30.06.17
£m
£m
UK
5,527
5,649
Europe
1,042
731
Americas
3,966
4,093
Africa and Middle East
103
139
Asia
296
269
Total
10,934
10,881
 
1
The geographic region is based on counterparty location.
 
3. Fee and commission income
 
Fee and commission income is disaggregated below and includes a total for fees in scope of IFRS 15, Revenues from Contracts with Customers:
 
 
Barclays UK
Barclays International
Head Office
Total
Half year ended 30.06.18
£m
£m
£m
£m
Fee type
 
 
 
 
Transactional
530
1,257
-
1,787
Advisory
99
377
-
476
Brokerage and execution
52
583
-
635
Underwriting and syndication
-
1,368
-
1,368
Other
61
125
16
202
Total revenue from contracts with customers
742
3,710
16
4,468
Other non-contract fee income
-
55
-
55
Fee and commission income
742
3,765
16
4,523
Fee and commission expense
(172)
(847)
(15)
(1,034)
Net fee and commission income
570
2,918
1
3,489
 
Transactional fees are service charges on deposit accounts, cash management services and transactional processing fees. This includes interchange and merchant fee income generated from credit and bank card usage.
 
Advisory fees are generated from asset management services and advisory services related to mergers, acquisitions and financial restructuring.
 
Brokerage and execution fees are earned for executing client transactions with exchanges and over-the-counter markets and assisting clients in clearing transactions.
 
Underwriting and syndication fees are earned for the distribution of client equity or debt securities and the arrangement, and administration of a loan syndication. This includes commitment fees to provide loan financing.
 
4.  Staff costs
 
 
Half year ended
Half year ended
 
30.06.18
30.06.17
Compensation costs
£m
£m
Current year bonus charges
593
558
Deferred bonus charge
256
340
Commissions and other incentives
21
58
Performance costs
870
956
Salaries
2,069
1,968
Social security costs
303
297
Post-retirement benefits
243
253
Other compensation costs
199
189
Total compensation costs
3,684
3,663
 
 
 
Other resourcing costs
 
 
Outsourcing
277
579
Redundancy and restructuring
60
23
Temporary staff costs
193
167
Other
63
28
Total other resourcing costs
593
797
 
 
 
Total staff costs
4,277
4,460
 
 
 
Barclays Group compensation costs as a % of total income
33.7
33.7
 
No awards have yet been granted in relation to the 2018 bonus pool as decisions regarding incentive awards are not taken by the Remuneration Committee until the performance for the full year can be assessed. The current year bonus charge for the first six months represents an accrual for estimated costs in accordance with accounting requirements.
 
5.  Administration and general expenses
 
 
Half year ended
Half year ended
 
30.06.18
30.06.17
Infrastructure costs
£m
£m
Property and equipment
685
671
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
202
228
Operating lease rentals
128
198
Amortisation of intangible assets
412
342
Impairment of property, equipment and intangible assets
1
23
Total infrastructure costs
1,428
1,462
 
 
 
Other costs
 
 
Consultancy, legal and professional fees1
353
467
Subscriptions, publications, stationery and communications
319
284
Marketing, advertising and sponsorship
195
189
Travel and accommodation
74
74
Litigation and conduct1
2,042
743
Other administration and general expenses1
28
53
Total other costs
3,011
1,810
 
 
 
Total administration and general expenses
4,439
3,272
 
1
The presentation of other costs has been amended to include litigation and conduct as a separate line item. The prior year comparatives within other cost categories have been adjusted accordingly.
 
6.  Tax
 
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
As at
As at
 
As at
As at
 
30.06.18
31.12.17
 
30.06.18
31.12.17
Current and deferred tax assets and liabilities
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
Current tax
567
482
 
(684)
(586)
Deferred tax
4,028
3,457
 
(71)
(44)
Total
4,595
3,939
 
(755)
(630)
 
The deferred tax asset of £4,028m (December 2017: £3,457m) included £2,663m (December 2017: £2,647m) related to amounts in the US, with the majority of the remaining £1,365m (December 2017: £810m) related to amounts in the UK. Of the total deferred tax asset, £488m (December 2017: £596m) related to tax losses and £3,540m (December 2017: £2,861m) related to temporary differences. The increase in deferred tax assets relating to temporary differences primarily relate to the additional impairment from the adoption of IFRS 9.   
 
The tax charge for H118 was £737m (H117: £778m), representing an effective tax rate of 44.4% (H117: 33.2%). The effective tax rate is substantially higher than the UK statutory tax rate of 19% (2017: 19.25%) primarily due to charges for litigation and conduct which are non-deductible for tax purposes. Excluding litigation and conduct, the underlying effective tax rate reduced to 21.3% (H117: 25.9%), primarily due to the reduction in the US federal corporate income tax rate under the US Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and the beneficial impact of adjustments to prior periods that have been recognised in H118.
 
7.  Non-controlling interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit attributable to
non-controlling interests
 
Equity attributable to
non-controlling interests
 
Half year ended
Half year ended
 
As at
As at
 
30.06.18
30.06.17
 
30.06.18
31.12.17
 
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
Barclays Bank PLC issued:
 
 
 
 
 
- Preference shares
106
134
 
1,838
1,838
- Upper T2 instruments
3
2
 
272
272
Barclays Africa Group Limited
-
140
 
-
-
Other non-controlling interests
(1)
2
 
3
1
Total
108
278
 
2,113
2,111
 
8.  Earnings per share
 
 
Half year ended
Half year ended
 
30.06.18
30.06.17
 
£m
£m
Profit/(loss) attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent from continuing and discontinued operations
468
(1,211)
Tax credit on profit after tax attributable to other equity holders
93
82
Total profit/(loss) attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent from continuing and discontinued operations
561
(1,129)
 
 
 
Continuing operations
 
 
Profit attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent from continuing operations
468
1,124
Tax credit on profit after tax attributable to other equity holders
93
82
Profit attributable to equity holders of the parent from continuing operations
561
1,206
 
 
 
Discontinued operation
 
 
(Loss) attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent from discontinued operation
-
(2,335)
Dilutive impact of convertible options from discontinued operation
-
-
(Loss) attributable to equity holders of the parent from discontinued operation including dilutive impact on convertible options
-
(2,335)
 
 
 
Profit/(loss) attributable to equity holders of the parent from continuing and discontinued operations including dilutive impact on convertible options
561
(1,129)
 
 
 
 
m
m
Basic weighted average number of shares in issue
17,067
16,989
Number of potential ordinary shares
258
304
Diluted weighted average number of shares
17,325
17,293
 
 
 
 
p
p
Basic earnings/(loss) per ordinary share1
3.3
(6.6)
Basic earnings per ordinary share from continuing operations1
3.3
7.1
Basic (loss) per ordinary share from discontinued operation
-
(13.7)
Diluted earnings/(loss) per ordinary share1
3.2
(6.5)
Diluted earnings per ordinary share from continuing operations1
3.2
7.0
Diluted loss per ordinary share from discontinued operation
-
(13.5)
 
1
The profit after tax attributable to other equity instrument holders of £346m (H117: £301m) is offset by a tax credit recorded in reserves of £93m (H117: £82m). The net amount of £253m (H117: £219m), along with non-controlling interests, is deducted from profit after tax in order to calculate earnings per share and return on average tangible shareholders’ equity.
 
9.  Dividends on ordinary shares
 
It is Barclays’ policy to declare and pay dividends on a semi-annual basis. An interim dividend for 2018 of 2.5p (H117: 1.0p) per ordinary share will be paid on 17 September 2018 to shareholders on the share register on 10 August 2018.
 
 
Half year ended 30.06.18
Half year ended 30.06.17
 
Per share
Total
Per share
Total
Dividends paid during the period
p
£m
p
£m
Final dividend paid during period
2.0
341
2.0
339
 
For qualifying US and Canadian resident ADR holders, the interim dividend of 2.5p per ordinary share becomes 10.0p per ADS (representing four shares). The ADR depositary will post the interim dividend on 17 September 2018 to ADR holders on the record at close of business on 10 August 2018.
 
 10. Derivative financial instruments
 
 
 
 
 
Contract notional
amount
 
Fair value
 
 
Assets
Liabilities
As at 30.06.18
£m
 
£m
£m
Foreign exchange derivatives
6,157,051
 
71,963
(70,484)
Interest rate derivatives
37,245,041
 
127,642
(121,842)
Credit derivatives
728,106
 
10,683
(9,558)
Equity and stock index and commodity derivatives
998,333
 
18,053
(22,909)
Derivative assets/(liabilities) held for trading
45,128,531
 
228,341
(224,793)
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives in hedge accounting relationships
 
 
 
 
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
78,828
 
5
(3)
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges
131,685
 
139
(71)
Derivatives designated as hedges of net investments
2,799
 
13
(61)
Derivative assets/(liabilities) designated in hedge accounting relationships
213,312
 
157
(135)
 
 
 
 
 
Total recognised derivative assets/(liabilities)
45,341,843
 
228,498
(224,928)
 
 
 
 
 
As at 31.12.17
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange derivatives
4,819,811
 
54,902
(53,460)
Interest rate derivatives
29,193,812
 
152,919
(145,658)
Credit derivatives
715,001
 
12,549
(11,552)
Equity and stock index and commodity derivatives
958,049
 
17,134
(26,566)
Derivative assets/(liabilities) held for trading
35,686,673
 
237,504
(237,236)
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives in hedge accounting relationships
 
 
 
 
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
123,585
 
7
(3)
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges
104,781
 
117
(1,096)
Derivatives designated as hedges of net investments
2,982
 
41
(10)
Derivative assets/(liabilities) designated in hedge accounting relationships
231,348
 
165
(1,109)
 
 
 
 
 
Total recognised derivative assets/(liabilities)
35,918,021
 
237,669
(238,345)
 
Derivative financial instrument assets and liabilities decreased £9bn to £228bn and £13bn to £225bn respectively, due to an increase in major interest rate forward curves and adoption of daily settlements under LCH, partially offset by increased foreign exchange derivative volumes.
 
The IFRS netting posted against derivative assets was £40bn including £8bn of cash collateral netted (December 2017: £23bn including £2bn cash collateral netted) and £40bn for liabilities including £3bn of cash collateral netted (December 2017: £23bn including £2bn of cash collateral netted). Derivative asset exposures would be £208bn (December 2017: £217bn) lower than reported under IFRS if netting were permitted for assets and liabilities with the same counterparty or for which the Barclays Group holds cash collateral of £31bn (December 2017: £33bn). Similarly, derivative liabilities would be £206bn (December 2017: £217bn) lower reflecting counterparty netting and cash collateral placed of £29bn (December 2017: £33bn). In addition, non-cash collateral of £6bn (December 2017: £6bn) was held in respect of derivative assets and £3bn (December 2017: £4bn) was placed in respect of derivative liabilities. Collateral amounts are limited to net on balance sheet exposure so as to not include over-collateralisation.
 
Of the £31bn cash collateral held, £18bn (December 2017: £19bn) related to deposits from banks and £13bn (December 2017: £14bn) related to customer deposits. Of the £29bn cash collateral placed, £14bn (December 2017: £15bn) related to loans and advances to banks and £15bn (December 2017: £18bn) related to loans and advances to customers.
 
11. Fair value of financial instruments
 
This section should be read in conjunction with Note 18, Fair value of financial instruments of the Barclays PLC Annual Report 2017 and Note 1, Basis of preparation on pages 55 to 60, which provides more detail about accounting policies adopted, valuation methodologies used in calculating fair value and the valuation control framework which governs oversight of valuations. There have been no changes in the accounting policies adopted or the valuation methodologies used.
 
Valuation
 
The following table shows the Barclays Group’s assets and liabilities that are held at fair value disaggregated by valuation technique (fair value hierarchy) and balance sheet classification:
 
 
Valuation technique using
 
 
 
Quoted market prices
Observable inputs
Significant unobservable inputs
 
 
 
(Level 1)
(Level 2)
(Level 3)
 
Total
As at 30.06.18
£m
£m
£m
 
£m
Trading portfolio assets
55,851
56,844
3,841
 
116,536
Financial assets at fair value through the income statement
5,497
133,106
7,827
 
146,430
Derivative financial instruments
4,374
219,058
5,066
 
228,498
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
26,091
33,893
105
 
60,089
Investment property
-
-
11
 
11
Total assets
91,813
442,901
16,850
 
551,564
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading portfolio liabilities
(26,450)
(20,917)
-
 
(47,367)
Financial liabilities designated at fair value
-
(211,053)
(337)
 
(211,390)
Derivative financial instruments
(3,863)
(215,772)
(5,293)
 
(224,928)
Total liabilities
(30,313)
(447,742)
(5,630)
 
(483,685)
 
 
 
 
 
 
As at 31.12.17
 
 
 
 
 
Trading portfolio assets
63,925
47,858
1,977
 
113,760
Financial assets at fair value through the income statement
4,347
104,187
7,747
 
116,281
Derivative financial assets
3,786
228,549
5,334
 
237,669
Available for sale investments
22,841
30,571
395
 
53,807
Investment property
-
-
116
 
116
Assets included in disposal groups classified as held for sale
-
-
29
 
29
Total assets
94,899
411,165
15,598
 
521,662
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading portfolio liabilities
(20,905)
(16,442)
(4)
 
(37,351)
Financial liabilities designated at fair value
-
(173,238)
(480)
 
(173,718)
Derivative financial liabilities
(3,631)
(229,517)
(5,197)
 
(238,345)
Total liabilities
(24,536)
(419,197)
(5,681)
 
(449,414)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table shows the Barclays Group’s assets and liabilities that are held at fair value disaggregated by valuation technique (fair value hierarchy) and product type:
 
 
Assets
Liabilities
 
Valuation technique using
Valuation technique using
 
Quoted
market prices
(Level 1)
Observable
inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)
Quoted
market prices
(Level 1)
Observable
inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)
As at 30.06.18
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
Interest rate derivatives
-
125,423
2,362
-
(119,168)
(2,747)
Foreign exchange derivatives
-
71,851
126
-
(70,400)
(146)
Credit derivatives
-
9,532
1,151
-
(9,332)
(226)
Equity derivatives
4,374
10,494
1,425
(3,863)
(15,138)
(2,172)
Commodity derivatives
-
1,758
2
-
(1,734)
(2)
Government and government sponsored debt
46,548
58,559
25
(11,124)
(15,792)
-
Corporate debt
-
14,075
881
-
(5,680)
-
Certificates of deposit, commercial paper and other money market instruments
-
12,933
-
-
(32,709)
(48)
Reverse repurchase and repurchase agreements
-
118,077
-
-
(136,312)
-
Non-asset backed loans
-
10,014
7,740
-
-
-
Asset backed securities
-
2,158
592
-
(216)
-
Issued debt
-
-
-
-
(40,993)
(289)
Equity cash products
40,882
7,115
139
(15,326)
(110)
-
Private equity investments
9
-
1,088
-
-
-
Assets and liabilities held for sale
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other1
-
912
1,319
-
(158)
-
Total
91,813
442,901
16,850
(30,313)
(447,742)
(5,630)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As at 31.12.17
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate derivatives
-
150,325
2,718
-
(143,890)
(2,867)
Foreign exchange derivatives
-
54,783
160
-
(53,346)
(124)
Credit derivatives
-
11,163
1,386
-
(11,312)
(240)
Equity derivatives
3,786
9,848
1,064
(3,631)
(18,527)
(1,961)
Commodity derivatives
-
2,430
6
-
(2,442)
(5)
Government and government sponsored debt
34,783
49,853
49
(13,079)
(13,116)
-
Corporate debt
-
15,098
871
-
(3,580)
(4)
Certificates of deposit, commercial paper and other money market instruments
-
1,491
-
-
(7,377)
(250)
Reverse repurchase and repurchase agreements
-
100,038
-
-
(126,691)
-
Non-asset backed loans
-
5,710
6,657
-
-
-
Asset backed securities
-
1,837
626
-
(221)
-
Issued debt
-
-
-
-
(38,176)
(214)
Equity cash products
56,322
7,690
112
(7,826)
(388)
-
Private equity investments
8
1
817
-
-
(16)
Assets and liabilities held for sale
-
-
29
-
-
-
Other1
-
898
1,103
-
(131)
-
Total
94,899
411,165
15,598
(24,536)
(419,197)
(5,681)
 
1
Other includes commercial real estate loans, fund and fund-linked products, asset backed loans, physical commodities and investment property.
 
Assets and liabilities reclassified between Level 1 and Level 2
 
During the period, there were no material transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 (period ended December 2017: £3,807m government bonds assets, and £1,023m/£(950)m of commodity derivative assets and liabilities transferred from Level 1 to Level 2).
 
Level 3 movement analysis 
 
The following table summarises the movements in the balances of Level 3 assets and liabilities during the period. The table shows gains and losses and includes amounts for all financial assets and liabilities that are held at fair value transferred to and from Level 3 during the period. Transfers have been reflected as if they had taken place at the beginning of the year.
 
Assets and liabilities included in disposal groups classified as held for sale are not included as these are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.
 
Asset and liability moves between Level 2 and Level 3 are primarily due to i) an increase or decrease in observable market activity related to an input or ii) a change in the significance of the unobservable input, with assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 if an unobservable input is deemed significant.
 
Level 3 movement analysis
 
Purchases
Sales
Issues
Settle-
ments
Total gains and losses in the period recognised in the income statement
Total gains or losses recognised in other comprehensive income
Transfers
As at 30.06.18
 
As at 01.01.181
Trading income
Other income
In
Out
 
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
Government and government sponsored debt
49
11
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
(35)
25
Corporate debt
871
35
(17)
 -
(23)
6
 -
 -
15
(6)
881
Non-asset backed loans
166
2,239
(239)
 -
 -
2
 -
 -
11
(6)
2,173
Asset backed securities
627
100
(99)
 -
 -
(11)
 -
 -
5
(30)
592
Equity cash products
68
 -
(7)
 -
 -
35
 -
 -
75
(52)
119
Other
196
4
(4)
 -
(10)
(21)
 -
 -
24
(138)
51
Trading portfolio assets
1,977
2,389
(366)
 -
(33)
11
 -
 -
130
(267)
3,841
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-asset backed loans
6,073
16
 -
 -
(510)
(8)
 -
 -
 -
(4)
5,567
Equity cash products
8
11
 -
 -
-
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
19
Private equity investments
688
295
(37)
-
-
 -
53
 -
-
(14)
985
Other
750
2,359
(1,967)
-
-
4
110
 -
 -
 -
1,256
Financial assets at fair value through the income statement
7,519
2,681
(2,004)
- 
(510)
(4)
163
 -
- 
(18)
7,827
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity cash products
36
 -
(17)
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
(18)
1
Private equity investments
129
 -
(12)
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
(14)
103
Other
40
 -
(39)
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
1
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
205
 -
(68)
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
(32)
105
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment property
116
 -
(104)
 -
(5)
 -
4
 -
 -
 -
11
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading portfolio liabilities
(4)
 -
2
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
2
 -
 -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certificates of deposit, commercial paper and other money market instruments
(250)
 -
202
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
(48)
Issued debt
(214)
-
  -
(4)
4
19
 -
 -
(219)
125
(289)
Other
(16)
 -
16
 -
2
 -
(2)
 -
 -
 -
-
Financial liabilities designated at fair value
(480)
-
218
(4)
6
19
(2)
 -
(219)
125
(337)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate derivatives
(150)
 -
 -
 -
96
(46)
 -
 -
(343)
58
(385)
Foreign exchange derivatives
37
 -
 -
 -
(17)
(30)
 -
 -
8
(18)
(20)
Credit derivatives
1,146
2
3
 -
(15)
(210)
 -
 -
1
(2)
925
Equity derivatives
(896)
22
(431)
 -
221
129
 -
 -
33
175
(747)
Commodity derivatives
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
Net derivative financial instruments2
137
24
(428)
 -
285
(157)
 -
 -
(301)
213
(227)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets and liabilities held for sale
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
Total
9,470
5,094
(2,750)
(4)
(257)
(131)
165
 -
(388)
21
11,220
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net liabilities held for sale measured at fair value on non-recurring basis
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
Total
9,470
5,094
(2,750)
(4)
(257)
(131)
165
 -
(388)
21
11,220
 
1
Balances as at 1 January 2018 include the IFRS 9 transition impact. Balances as at 31 December 2017 have been presented on an IAS 39 basis.
2
Derivative financial instruments are represented on a net basis. On a gross basis, derivative financial assets were £5,066m and derivative financial liabilities were £5,293m.
 
Level 3 movement analysis
 
Purchases
Sales
Settlements
Total gains and losses in the period recognised in the income statement
Total gains or losses recognised in other comprehensive income
Transfers
As at 30.06.17
 
As at 01.01.17
Trading income
Other income
In
Out
 
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
Government and government sponsored debt
3
37
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
40
Corporate debt
969
56
(71)
(2)
14
 -
 -
27
(30)
963
Non-asset backed loans
151
369
(87)
(21)
(2)
 -
 -
 -
(7)
403
Asset backed securities
515
46
(69)
(9)
3
 -
 -
 -
 -
486
Equity cash products
77
32
(7)
-
(13)
 -
 -
2
 -
91
Other
350
2
(40)
 (24)
(7)
 -
 -
11
(30)
262
Trading portfolio assets
2,065
542
(274)
(56)
(5)
 -
 -
40
(67)
2,245
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-asset backed loans
8,616
 -
 -
(1,706)
79
 -
 -
 -
 -
6,989
Private equity investments
562
31
(106)
 -
(3)
36
 -
28
(58)
490
Other
769
2,013
(1,265)
(59)
24
100
 -
-
 -
1,582
Financial assets at fair value through the income statement
9,947
2,044
(1,371)
(1,765)
100
136
 -
28
(58)
9,061
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity cash products
73
 -
 -
 -
 -
2
1
6
(42)
40
Private equity investments
294
 -
(45)
 -
 -
(2)
23
34
 -
304
Other
5
 -
(1)
(1)
 -
 -
1
 -
 -
4
Available for sale investments
 
372
 -
(46)
(1)
 -
 -
25
40
(42)
348
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment property
81
62
 -
 -
 -
(2)
 -
 -
 -
141
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading portfolio liabilities
(7)
 -
(4)
1
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
(10)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certificates of deposit, commercial paper and other money market instruments
(319)
 -
 -
 -
 -
1
 -
(31)
92
(257)
Issued debt
(298)
 -
 -
71
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
(227)
Other
(223)
 -
 -
27
 -
(3)
 -
 -
 -
(199)
Financial liabilities designated at fair value
(840)
 -
 -
98
 -
(2)
 -
(31)
92
(683)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate derivatives
899
27
12
15
(130)
 -
 -
419
(202)
1,040
Foreign exchange derivatives
81
 -
 -
(16)
2
5
 -
(3)
(54)
15
Credit derivatives
1,370
 -
3
(19)
(263)
 -
 -
(71)
 -
1,020
Equity derivatives
(970)
67
(222)
11
78
 -
 -
(45)
(1)
(1,082)
Commodity derivatives
(5)
 -
 -
 -
3
 -
 -
 -
7
5
Net derivative financial instruments1
1,375
94
(207)
(9)
(310)
5
 -
300
(250)
998
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets and liabilities held for sale
574
 -
(574)
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
Total
13,567
2,742
(2,476)
(1,732)
(215)
137
25
377
(325)
12,100
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net liabilities held for sale measured at fair value on non-recurring basis
-
-
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
(1,339)
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10,761
 
1
Derivative financial instruments are represented on a net basis. On a gross basis, derivative financial assets were £7,872m and derivative financial liabilities were £6,874m.
 
Unrealised gains and losses on Level 3 financial assets and liabilities
 
The following table discloses the unrealised gains and losses recognised in the period arising on Level 3 financial assets and liabilities held at the period end.
 
 
Income statement
Other comprehensive income
Total
 
Trading income
Other income
Half year ended 30.06.18
£m
£m
£m
£m
Trading portfolio assets
(3)
-
-
(3)
Financial assets at fair value through the income statement
(5)
116
-
111
Financial liabilities designated at fair value
18
-
-
18
Net derivative financial instruments
(155)
-
-
(155)
Total
(145)
116
-
(29)
 
 
 
 
 
Half year ended 30.06.17
 
 
 
 
Trading portfolio assets
(25)
-
-
(25)
Financial assets at fair value through the income statement
73
102
-
175
Available for sale investments
-
-
25
25
Financial liabilities designated at fair value
45
(2)
-
43
Net derivative financial instruments
(305)
-
-
(305)
Total
(212)
100
25
(87)
 
Valuation techniques and sensitivity analysis
 
Sensitivity analysis is performed on products with significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) to generate a range of reasonably possible alternative valuations. The sensitivity methodologies applied take account of the nature of valuation techniques used, as well as the availability and reliability of observable proxy and historical data and the impact of using alternative models.
 
Current year valuation and sensitivity methodologies are consistent with those described within Note 18, Fair value of financial instruments in the Barclays PLC Annual Report 2017.
 
Sensitivity analysis of valuations using unobservable inputs
 
 
 
 
 
Favourable changes
Unfavourable changes
 
Income
statement
Equity
Income
statement
Equity
As at 30.06.18
£m
£m
£m
£m
Interest rate derivatives
139
-
(201)
-
Foreign exchange derivatives
9
-
(14)
-
Credit derivatives
132
-
(78)
-
Equity derivatives
96
-
(97)
-
Commodity derivatives
1
-
(1)
-
Corporate debt
4
-
(4)
-
Non-asset backed loans
158
-
(473)
-
Asset backed securities
-
-
-
-
Equity cash products
93
-
(166)
-
Private equity investments
157
-
(172)
-
Other1
2
-
(2)
-
Total
791
-
(1,208)
-
 
 
 
 
 
As at 31.12.17
 
 
 
 
Interest rate derivatives
114
-
(138)
-
Foreign exchange derivatives
6
-
(6)
-
Credit derivatives
106
-
(79)
-
Equity derivatives
99
-
(99)
-
Commodity derivatives
3
-
(3)
-
Corporate debt
4
-
(3)
-
Non-asset backed loans
243
-
(468)
-
Asset backed securities
1
-
-
-
Equity cash products
12
24
(8)
(24)
Private equity investments
133
13
(138)
(13)
Other1
5
-
(5)
-
Total
726
37
(947)
(37)
 
1
Other includes commercial real estate loans, fund and fund-linked products, asset backed loans, physical commodities and investment property.
 
The effect of stressing unobservable inputs to a range of reasonably possible alternatives alongside considering the impact of using alternative models, would be to increase fair values by up to £791m (December 2017: £763m) or to decrease fair values by up to £1,208m (December 2017: £984m) with substantially all the potential effect impacting profit and loss rather than reserves.
 
Significant unobservable inputs
 
The valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs for assets and liabilities recognised at fair value and classified
as Level 3 are consistent with Note 18, Fair value of financial instruments in the Barclays PLC Annual Report 2017. The description of the significant unobservable inputs and the sensitivity of fair value measurement of the instruments categorised as Level 3 assets or liabilities to increases in significant unobservable inputs is also found in Note 18, Fair value of financial instruments of the Barclays PLC Annual Report 2017. Assets and liabilities included in disposal groups classified as held for sale are not included as these are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.
 
Fair value adjustments
 
Key balance sheet valuation adjustments are quantified below:
 
 
As at
As at
 
30.06.18
31.12.17
 
£m
£m
Exit price adjustments derived from market bid-offer spreads
(402)
(391)
Uncollateralised derivative funding
(38)
(45)
Derivative credit valuation adjustments
(123)
(103)
Derivative debit valuation adjustments
184
131
 
Exit price adjustments have increased £11m to £402m as a result of movements in market bid offer spreads
Uncollateralised derivative funding decreased £7m to £38m as a result of changes in underlying derivative exposures
Credit Valuation Adjustments (CVA) increased £20m to £123m as a result of widening in counterparty credit spreads
Debit Valuation Adjustments (DVA) increased £53m to £184m as a result of widening in Barclays’ credit spreads
 
Portfolio exemption
 
The Barclays Group uses the portfolio exemption in IFRS 13, Fair Value Measurement to measure the fair value of groups of financial assets and liabilities. Instruments are measured using the price that would be received to sell a net long position (i.e. an asset) for a particular risk exposure or to transfer a net short position (i.e. a liability) for a particular risk exposure in an orderly transaction between market participants at the balance sheet date under current market conditions. Accordingly, the Barclays Group measures the fair value of the group of financial assets and liabilities consistently with how market participants would price the net risk exposure at the measurement date.
 
Unrecognised gains as a result of the use of valuation models using unobservable inputs
 
The amount that has yet to be recognised in income that relates to the difference between the transaction price (the fair value at initial recognition) and the amount that would have arisen had valuation models using unobservable inputs been used on initial recognition, less amounts subsequently recognised, is £138m (December 2017: £109m) for financial instruments measured at fair value and £246m (December 2017: £253m) for financial instruments carried at amortised cost. There are additions of £44m (December 2017: £34m) and amortisation and releases of £15m (December 2017: £104m) for financial instruments measured at fair value and additions of £6m (December 2017: £119m) and amortisation and releases of £13m (December 2017: £22m) for financial instruments carried at amortised cost.
 
Third party credit enhancements
 
Structured and brokered certificates of deposit issued by Barclays Group are insured up to $250,000 per depositor by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) in the United States. The FDIC is funded by premiums that Barclays and other banks pay for deposit insurance coverage. The carrying value of these issued certificates of deposit that are designated under the IFRS 9 fair value option includes this third party credit enhancement. The on-balance sheet value of these brokered certificates of deposit amounted to £3,862m (December 2017: £4,070m).
 
Comparison of carrying amounts and fair values for assets and liabilities not held at fair value
 
Valuation methodologies employed in calculating the fair value of financial assets and liabilities measured at amortised cost are consistent with the Barclays PLC Annual Report 2017 disclosure.
 
The table on the next page summarises the fair value of financial assets and liabilities measured at amortised cost on the Barclays Group’s balance sheet.
 
 
As at 30.06.18
 
Carrying amount
Fair value
Financial assets
£m
£m
Cash collateral and settlement balances
94,186
94,186
Loans and advances at amortised cost
 
 
- Home loans
148,597
146,829
- Credit cards, unsecured loans and other retail lending
51,866
54,428
- Finance lease receivables
3,120
3,222
- Corporate loans
117,384
115,017
Reverse repurchase agreements and other similar secured lending
694
694
 
 
 
Financial liabilities
 
 
Deposits at amortised cost
 
 
- Banks
(15,622)
(15,622)
- Current and demand accounts
(143,885)
(143,885)
- Savings accounts
(135,760)
(135,776)
- Other time deposits
(91,184)
(91,202)
Cash collateral and settlement balances
(85,254)
(85,254)
Repurchase agreements and other similar secured borrowing
(20,865)
(20,865)
Debt securities in issue
(78,404)
(79,006)
Subordinated liabilities
(20,095)
(20,979)
 
 
 
 
As at 31.12.17
 
Carrying amount
Fair value
Financial assets
£m
£m
Cash collateral and settlement balances
77,169
77,169
Loans and advances at amortised cost
 
 
- Home loans
147,002
145,262
- Credit cards, unsecured loans and other retail lending
55,767
55,106
- Finance lease receivables
2,854
2,964
- Corporate loans1
123,532
121,666
Reverse repurchase agreements and other similar secured lending
12,546
12,546
Assets included in disposal groups classified as held for sale
1,164
1,195
Financial liabilities
 
 
Deposits at amortised cost
 
 
- Banks
(12,153)
(12,159)
- Current and demand accounts
(145,950)
(145,927)
- Savings accounts
(134,339)
(134,369)
- Other time deposits
(106,259)
(106,324)
Cash collateral and settlement balances
(68,143)
(68,143)
Repurchase agreements and other similar secured borrowing
(40,338)
(40,338)
Debt securities in issue
(73,314)
(74,752)
Subordinated liabilities
(23,826)
(25,084)
 
1
Corporate loans as at 31 December 2017 include a held to maturity balance of £5.1bn.
 
12. Subordinated liabilities
 
Half year ended
Year ended
 
30.06.18
31.12.17
 
£m
£m
Opening balance as at 1 January
23,826
23,383
Issuances
-
3,041
Redemptions
(3,075)
(1,378)
Other
(656)
(1,220)
Closing balance
20,095
23,826
 
Redemptions totalling £3,075m include £500m Fixed/Floating Rate Subordinated Callable Notes, €1,750m 6% Fixed Rate Subordinated Notes (£1,532m), $1,000m 7.75% Contingent Capital Notes (£713m), $99m 7.7% Undated Subordinated Notes (£72m), €40m Floating Rate Subordinated Notes 2018 (£35m), €235m CMS Linked Subordinated Notes (£206m), JPY 1,500m ShinGinko Tokyo Limited (£10m) and JPY 1,000m The Daisan Bank Limited (£7m). Other movements include a decrease of £656m largely due to a reduction in interest accruals as a result of settlements.
 
13. Provisions
As at
As at
30.06.18
31.12.17
 
£m
£m
Payment Protection Insurance redress
1,374
1,606
Other customer redress
566
639
Legal, competition and regulatory matters
467
435
Redundancy and restructuring
121
159
Undrawn contractually committed facilities and guarantees1
289
79
Onerous contracts
129
225
Sundry provisions
343
400
Total
3,289
3,543
 
Payment Protection Insurance (PPI) redress
 
As at 30 June 2018, Barclays had recognised cumulative provisions totalling £9.6bn (December 2017: £9.2bn), £0.4bn of which was recognised in Q118 against the cost of PPI redress and associated processing costs with utilisation of £8.2bn (December 2017: £7.6bn), £0.6bn of which was utilised in H118, leaving a residual provision of £1.4bn (December 2017: £1.6bn).
 
Through to 30 June 2018, 2.3m (December 2017: 2.1m) customer initiated claims1 had been received and processed.
 
The current provision reflects the estimate of costs of PPI redress primarily relating to customer initiated complaints and on-going remediation programmes, based on information at H118. This also includes liabilities managed by third parties arising from portfolios previously sold where Barclays remains liable.
 
As at 30 June 2018, the provision of £1.4bn represents Barclays’ best estimate of expected PPI redress reflecting the complaints deadline implemented by the FCA of 29 August 2019. However, it is possible the eventual cumulative provision outcome may differ from the current estimate. Barclays will continue to review the adequacy of provision level in respect of the future impacts.
 
The PPI provision is calculated using a number of key assumptions which continue to involve significant modelling and management judgement:
 
Customer initiated claim volumes – claims received but not yet processed plus an estimate of future claims initiated by customers, where the volume is anticipated to cease after the PPI deadline
Average claim redress – the expected average payment to customers for upheld claims based on the type and age of the policy/policies
Processing cost per claim – the cost to Barclays of assessing and processing each valid claim
 
These assumptions remain subjective, mainly due to the uncertainty associated with future claims levels, which include complaints driven by claims management company (CMC) activity and the FCA advertising campaign.
 
The following table details, key forecast assumptions used in the provision calculation as at 30 June 2018 and a sensitivity analysis illustrating the impact on the provision if the future expected assumptions prove too high or too low.
 
 
 
Assumption
Cumulative
actual to
30.06.18
 
Future
expected
policy claims
Sensitivity analysis
increase/decrease
in provision
 
Customer initiated claims received and processed2 (thousands)
2,300
480
50k = £116m
 
Average uphold rate per claim3 (%)
89
90
1% = £10m
 
Average redress per valid claim4 (£)
2,130
2,181
£100 = £43m
 
 
1
The balance as at 30 June 2018 includes IFRS 9 ECLs on committed facilities and guarantees.
2
Total mis-selling claims received directly by Barclays to date, including those received via CMCs but excluding those for which no PPI policy exists and excluding responses to proactive mailing. The sensitivity analysis has been calculated to show the impact a 50,000 increase or decrease in the number of customer initiated mis-selling policy claims would have on the provision level inclusive of operational processing costs.
3
Average uphold rate per customer initiated mis-selling claims received directly by Barclays and proactive mailings, excluding those for which no PPI policy exists. The sensitivity analysis has been calculated to show the impact a 1% change in the average uphold rate per claim would have on the provision level.
4
Average redress stated on a per policy basis for future customer initiated mis-selling complaints received directly by Barclays. The sensitivity analysis has been calculated to show the impact a £100 increase or decrease in the average redress per claim would have on the provision level.
 
14. Retirement benefits
 
As at 30 June 2018, the Barclays Group’s IAS 19 pension surplus across all schemes was £0.8bn (December 2017: £0.7bn). The UK Retirement Fund (UKRF), which is the Barclays Group’s main scheme, had an IAS 19 pension surplus of £1.1bn (December 2017: £1.0bn). The movement for the UKRF was driven by an increase in the discount rate, payment of deficit contributions and lower expected future price inflation, offset by lower than assumed asset returns and new early retirement and cash commutation factors.
 
UKRF funding valuations
 
The scheme actuary prepares an annual update of the UKRF funding position in addition to the full triennial actuarial valuation. The latest annual update was carried out as at 30 September 2017 and showed a deficit of £4.8bn and a funding level of 86.8%.
 
The last triennial actuarial valuation of the UKRF had an effective date of 30 September 2016 and was completed in July 2017. This valuation showed a funding deficit of £7.9bn and a funding level of 81.5%.
 
The improvement in funding position between 30 September 2016 and 30 September 2017 was largely due to payment of deficit contributions, higher than assumed asset returns, higher government bond yields and transfers out of the scheme.
 
The recovery plan agreed as part of the 2016 triennial actuarial valuation requires Barclays Bank PLC to pay deficit contributions of £0.5bn per annum between 2018 and 2020, followed by £1.0bn per annum between 2021 and 2026. The deficit reduction contributions are in addition to the regular contributions to meet the Barclays Group’s share of the cost of benefits accruing over each year. The agreement with the UKRF Trustee also takes into account the changes to the Barclays Group structure that were implemented as a result of ring-fencing. Barclays Bank PLC remains as the principal employer of the UKRF. Additional support measures agreed include a collateral arrangement, joint participation of Barclays Bank UK PLC until 2025, and support from Barclays PLC should Barclays Bank PLC not pay the deficit contributions to the UKRF.
 
The next triennial actuarial valuation of the UKRF is due to be completed in 2020 with an effective date of 30 September 2019.
 
15. Called up share capital
 
Called up share capital comprised 17,110m (December 2017: 17,060m) ordinary shares of 25p each. The increase was due to the issuance of shares under employee share schemes and the Barclays PLC Scrip Dividend Programme.
 
Half year ended 30.06.18
Ordinary share capital
£m
Share premium
£m
Total share capital and share premium
£m
Opening balance
4,265
17,780
22,045
Movement
13
86
99
Closing balance
4,278
17,866
22,144
 
16. Other equity instruments
 
Other equity instruments of £8,938m (December 2017: £8,941m) included AT1 securities issued by Barclays PLC. There have been no issuances or redemptions during the period.
 
The AT1 securities are perpetual securities with no fixed maturity and are structured to qualify as AT1 instruments under CRD IV. AT1 securities are undated and are repayable, at the option of Barclays PLC, in whole at the initial call date, or on any fifth anniversary after the initial call date. In addition, the AT1 securities are repayable, at the option of Barclays PLC, in whole in the event of certain changes in the tax or regulatory treatment of the securities. Any repayments require the prior consent of the PRA.
 
17. Other reserves
 
 
 
As at
As at
 
30.06.18
31.12.17
 
£m
£m
Currency translation reserve
3,392
3,054
Available for sale reserve
-
364
Fair value through other comprehensive income reserve
(228)
-
Cash flow hedging reserve
652
1,161
Own credit reserve
(252)
(179)
Other reserves and treasury shares
968
983
Total
4,532
5,383
 
Currency translation reserve
 
The currency translation reserve represents the cumulative gains and losses on the retranslation of the Barclays Group’s net investment in foreign operations, net of the effects of hedging.
 
As at 30 June 2018, there was a credit balance of £3,392m (December 2017: £3,054m credit) in the currency translation reserve. The £338m credit movement principally reflected the strengthening of USD against GBP.
 
Fair value through other comprehensive income reserve
 
The fair value through other comprehensive income reserve represents the unrealised change in the fair value through other comprehensive income investments since initial recognition. Following the adoption of IFRS 9, accumulated fair value changes of £228m previously recognised in the available for sale reserve are now recorded in fair value through other comprehensive income.
 
As at 30 June 2018, there was a debit balance of £228m (December 2017: £364m credit in the available for sale reserve) in the fair value through other comprehensive income reserve. The decrease of £592m was driven by a £136m transfer to retained earnings on IFRS 9 transition and a £315m reduction primarily due to changes in fair value of BAGL shares. There was also £164m of net gains transferred to net profit and a tax credit of £37m with the remaining balance related to exchange and other movements.
 
Cash flow hedging reserve
 
The cash flow hedging reserve represents the cumulative gains and losses on effective cash flow hedging instruments that will be recycled to the income statement when the hedged transactions affect profit or loss.
 
As at 30 June 2018, there was a credit balance of £652m (December 2017: £1,161m credit) in the cash flow hedging reserve. The decrease of £509m (December 2017: £944m decrease) principally reflected a £472m decrease in the fair value of interest rate swaps held for hedging purposes as interest rate forward curves increased and £211m of gains transferred to net profit, partially offset by a tax credit of £174m.
 
Own credit reserve
 
The own credit reserve reflects the cumulative own credit gains and losses on financial liabilities at fair value. Amounts in the own credit reserve are not recycled to profit or loss in future periods.
 
As at 30 June 2018, the amount of own credit recognised in the Barclays Group’s other comprehensive income was a debit balance of £252m (December 2017: £179m debit). The movement of £73m is mainly attributable to the tightening of Barclays’ funding spreads of £98m offset by tax of £25m.
 
Other reserves and treasury shares
 
As at 30 June 2018, there was a credit balance of £968m (December 2017: £983m credit) in other reserves relating to redeemed ordinary and preference shares issued by the Barclays Group.
 
This included a debit balance of £43m (December 2017: £28m debit) in other reserves relating to treasury shares. During the period, £265m (December 2017: £315m) net purchases of treasury shares were made, principally reflecting the increase in shares held for the purposes of employee share schemes, and £250m (December 2017: £329m) was transferred to retained earnings reflecting the vesting of deferred share-based payments.
 
18. Contingent liabilities and commitments
 
 
 
As at
As at
 
30.06.18
31.12.17
Contingent liabilities
£m
£m
Guarantees and letters of credit pledged as collateral security
14,844
14,275
Performance guarantees, acceptances and endorsements
4,479
4,737
Total
19,323
19,012
 
 
 
Commitments
 
 
Documentary credits and other short-term trade related transactions
1,055
812
Standby facilities, credit lines and other commitments
312,161
314,761
Total
313,216
315,573
 
Further details on contingent liabilities relating to legal, competition and regulatory matters can be found in Note 19, Legal, competition and regulatory matters.
 
19. Legal, competition and regulatory matters
 
Members of the Barclays Group face legal, competition and regulatory challenges, many of which are beyond our control. The extent of the impact on Barclays of these matters cannot always be predicted but may materially impact our operations, financial results, condition and prospects. Matters arising from a set of similar circumstances can give rise to either a contingent liability or a provision, or both, depending on the relevant facts and circumstances. The recognition of provisions in relation to such matters involves critical accounting estimates and judgments in accordance with the relevant accounting policies as described in Note 13, Provisions. We have not disclosed an estimate of the potential financial effect on Barclays of contingent liabilities where it is not currently practicable to do so.
 
In connection with the implementation of structural reform in the UK, on 1 April 2018, the UK banking business was transferred from Barclays Bank PLC to Barclays Bank UK PLC, a separate subsidiary of Barclays PLC. Although the matters described below are relevant to Barclays PLC either on an individual or on a consolidated basis, certain matters may relate to either or both of Barclays Bank PLC and Barclays Bank UK PLC. Matters are ordered under headings corresponding to the financial statements in which they are disclosed.
 
1.
Barclays PLC and Barclays Bank PLC
 
Investigations into certain advisory services agreements and other matters and civil action
 
The UK Serious Fraud Office (SFO), the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), the US Department of Justice (DoJ) and the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) have been conducting investigations into certain advisory services agreements entered into by Barclays Bank PLC.
 
Background information
 
Barclays Bank PLC entered into two advisory services agreements with Qatar Holding LLC (Qatar Holding) in June and October 2008 (the Agreements). The FCA commenced an investigation into whether the Agreements may have related to Barclays PLC’s capital raisings in June and November 2008 (the Capital Raisings). The existence of the June 2008 advisory services agreement was disclosed, but the entry into the advisory services agreement in October 2008 and the fees payable under the Agreements, which amounted to a total of £322m payable over a period of five years, were not disclosed in the announcements or public documents relating to the Capital Raisings. The SFO also commenced an investigation into the Agreements and into a $3bn loan (the Loan) provided by Barclays Bank PLC in November 2008 to the State of Qatar.
 
SFO Proceedings
 
In June 2017, the SFO charged Barclays PLC with two offences of conspiring with certain former senior officers and employees of Barclays to commit fraud by false representations relating to the Agreements and one offence of unlawful financial assistance contrary to section 151 of the Companies Act 1985 in relation to the Loan. In February 2018, the SFO also charged Barclays Bank PLC with the same offence in respect of the Loan. In May 2018, the Crown Court dismissed all charges against Barclays PLC and Barclays Bank PLC. In July 2018, the SFO made an application to the High Court seeking to reinstate against Barclays PLC and Barclays Bank PLC all of the charges dismissed by the Crown Court. Barclays intends to defend the application brought by the SFO.
 
FCA Proceedings and other investigations
 
In September 2013, the FCA issued warning notices (the Notices) finding that, while Barclays PLC and Barclays Bank PLC believed at the time of the execution of the Agreements that there should be at least some unspecified and undetermined value to be derived from them, the primary purpose of the Agreements was not to obtain advisory services but to make additional payments, which would not be disclosed, for the Qatari participation in the Capital Raisings. The Notices concluded that Barclays PLC and Barclays Bank PLC were in breach of certain disclosure-related listing rules and Barclays PLC was also in breach of Listing Principle 3 (the requirement to act with integrity towards holders and potential holders of the Company’s shares). In this regard, the FCA considers that Barclays PLC and Barclays Bank PLC acted recklessly. The financial penalty provided in the Notices against Barclays is £50m. Barclays PLC and Barclays Bank PLC continue to contest the findings. The FCA action has been stayed due to the SFO proceedings.
 
In addition, the DoJ and the SEC have been conducting investigations relating to the Agreements.
 
Civil Action
 
In January 2016, PCP Capital Partners LLP and PCP International Finance Limited (PCP) served a claim on Barclays Bank PLC seeking damages for fraudulent misrepresentation and deceit, arising from alleged statements made by Barclays Bank PLC to PCP in relation to the terms on which securities were to be issued to potential investors, allegedly including PCP, in the November 2008 capital raising. PCP seeks damages of up to £1,477m (plus interest from November 2017) and costs. Barclays Bank PLC is defending the claim and trial is scheduled to commence in October 2019.
 
Claimed amounts/Financial impact
 
It is not currently practicable to provide an estimate of the financial impact of the actions described on Barclays or what effect they might have upon Barclays’ operating results, cash flows or financial position in any particular period. PCP has made a claim against Barclays Bank PLC for damages of up to £1,477m plus interest and costs. This amount does not necessarily reflect Barclays Bank PLC’s potential financial exposure if a ruling were to be made against it in that matter.
 
Investigations into certain business relationships
 
In 2012, the DoJ and SEC commenced investigations in relation to whether certain relationships with third parties who assist Barclays PLC to win or retain business are compliant with the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Various regulators in other jurisdictions are also being briefed on the investigations. Separately, Barclays is cooperating with the DoJ and SEC in relation to an investigation into certain of its hiring practices in Asia and elsewhere and is keeping certain regulators in other jurisdictions informed.
 
Claimed amounts/Financial impact
 
It is not currently practicable to provide an estimate of the financial impact of the actions described on Barclays or what effect they might have upon Barclays’ operating results, cash flows or financial position in any particular period.
 
Investigations relating to whistleblowing systems and controls
 
In April 2017, the FCA and the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) commenced investigations into the Barclays Group Chief Executive Officer (CEO), as to his individual conduct and senior manager responsibilities relating to Barclays’ whistleblowing programme and to his attempt in 2016 to identify the author of a letter that was treated by Barclays Bank PLC as a whistleblow, and into Barclays Bank PLC, as to its responsibilities relating to the attempt by the CEO to identify the author of the letter, as well as Barclays’ systems and controls and culture relating to whistleblowing.
 
In May 2018, the FCA and PRA published final notices confirming their finding that the CEO’s actions in relation to this matter represented a breach of Individual Conduct Rule 2 (requirement to act with due skill, care and diligence). There were no findings by the FCA or PRA that the CEO acted with a lack of integrity nor any findings that he lacked fitness and propriety to continue to perform his role as Barclays Group Chief Executive Officer.
 
In respect of its investigation relating to Barclays Bank PLC, the FCA and PRA concluded that they would not take enforcement action in respect of this matter. However, each of Barclays Bank PLC and Barclays Bank UK PLC have agreed to be subject to requirements to report to the FCA and PRA on certain aspects of their whistleblowing programmes.
 
Barclays also continues to provide information to, and cooperate with, authorities in the US with respect to this matter.
 
Claimed amounts/Financial impact
 
It is not currently practicable to provide an estimate of the financial impact of the actions described on Barclays or what effect they might have upon Barclays’ operating results, cash flows or financial position in any particular period.
 
Investigations into LIBOR and other benchmarks
 
Regulators and law enforcement agencies, including certain competition authorities, from a number of governments have been conducting investigations relating to Barclays Bank PLC’s involvement in manipulating certain financial benchmarks, such as LIBOR and EURIBOR.
 
Background information
 
In 2012, Barclays Bank PLC announced that it had reached settlements with the Financial Services Authority (FSA) (as predecessor to the FCA), the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and the DoJ in relation to their investigations concerning certain benchmark interest rate submissions, and Barclays Bank PLC paid total penalties of £290m. The settlement with the DoJ was made by entry into a Non-Prosecution Agreement (NPA) which has now expired. Barclays PLC, Barclays Bank PLC and Barclays Capital Inc. (BCI) have reached settlements with certain other regulators and law enforcement agencies. Barclays Bank PLC continues to respond to requests for information from the SFO in relation to its ongoing LIBOR investigation, including in respect of Barclays Bank PLC. The investigation by the prosecutor’s office in Trani, Italy also remains pending.
 
Claimed amounts/Financial impact
 
Aside from the settlements discussed above, it is not currently practicable to provide an estimate of the financial impact of the actions described on Barclays or what effect they might have upon Barclays’ operating results, cash flows or financial position in any particular period.
 
LIBOR and other benchmark civil actions
 
A number of individuals and corporates in a range of jurisdictions have threatened or brought civil actions against Barclays and other banks in relation to LIBOR and/or other benchmarks.
 
Background information
 
Following settlement of the investigations referred to above in ‘Investigations into LIBOR and other Benchmarks’ various individuals and corporates in a range of jurisdictions have threatened or brought civil actions against Barclays. While certain cases have been dismissed or settled subject to approval from the court (and in the case of class actions, the right of class members to opt out of the settlement and to seek to file their own claims), other actions remain pending and their ultimate impact is unclear.
 
USD LIBOR Cases in MDL Court
 
The majority of the USD LIBOR cases, which have been filed in various US jurisdictions, have been consolidated for pre-trial purposes before a single judge in the US District Court in the Southern District of New York (SDNY) (MDL Court).
 
The complaints are substantially similar and allege, amongst other things, that Barclays PLC, Barclays Bank PLC, BCI and other financial institutions individually and collectively violated provisions of the US Sherman Antitrust Act (Antitrust Act), the US Commodity Exchange Act (CEA), the US Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and various state laws by manipulating USD LIBOR rates.
 
Certain of the proposed class actions have been settled. Claims purportedly brought on behalf of plaintiffs that (i) engaged in USD LIBOR-linked over-the-counter transactions; (ii) purchased USD LIBOR-linked financial instruments on an exchange; (iii) purchased USD LIBOR-linked debt securities; or (iv) issued loans linked to USD LIBOR have been settled for $120m, $20m, $7.1m and $4m respectively. The settlements remain subject to final court approval and/or the right of class members to opt out of the settlement and to seek to file their own claims.
 
The remaining putative class actions and individual actions seek unspecified damages with the exception of five lawsuits, in which the plaintiffs are seeking a combined total in excess of $1.25bn in actual damages against all defendants, including Barclays Bank PLC, plus punitive damages. Some of the lawsuits also seek trebling of damages under the Antitrust Act and RICO.
 
EURIBOR Case in the SDNY
 
In 2015, $94m was paid in settlement of a EURIBOR-related class action. The court entered an order granting final approval of Barclays’ settlement in May 2018.
 
Additional USD LIBOR Case in the SDNY
 
In 2015, an individual action against Barclays Bank PLC and other panel bank defendants was dismissed by the SDNY. The plaintiff alleged that the panel bank defendants conspired to increase USD LIBOR, which caused the value of bonds pledged as collateral for a loan to decrease, ultimately resulting in the sale of the bonds at a low point in the market. In March 2018, the court denied the plaintiff’s motion for leave to amend its complaint and dismissed the case. The plaintiff’s appeal of the court’s order is pending.
 
Sterling LIBOR Case in SDNY
 
In 2015, a putative class action was filed in the SDNY against Barclays Bank PLC and other Sterling LIBOR panel banks by a plaintiff involved in exchange-traded and over-the-counter derivatives that were linked to Sterling LIBOR. The complaint alleges, among other things, that defendants manipulated the Sterling LIBOR rate between 2005 and 2010 and, in so doing, committed CEA, Antitrust Act, and RICO violations. In early 2016, this class action was consolidated with an additional putative class action making similar allegations against Barclays Bank PLC and BCI and other Sterling LIBOR panel banks. The defendants’ motion to dismiss is pending.
 
Japanese Yen LIBOR Cases in SDNY
 
In 2012, a putative class action was filed in the SDNY against Barclays Bank PLC and other Japanese Yen LIBOR panel banks by a plaintiff involved in exchange-traded derivatives. The complaint also names members of the Japanese Bankers Association’s Euroyen Tokyo Interbank Offered Rate (Euroyen TIBOR) panel, of which Barclays Bank PLC is not a member. The complaint alleges, amongst other things, manipulation of the Euroyen TIBOR and Yen LIBOR rates and breaches of the CEA and Antitrust Act between 2006 and 2010. In 2014, the court dismissed the plaintiff’s antitrust claims in full, but the plaintiff’s CEA claims remain pending. Discovery is ongoing.
 
In March 2017, a second putative class action concerning Yen LIBOR which was filed in the SDNY against Barclays PLC, Barclays Bank PLC and BCI was dismissed in full. The complaint makes similar allegations to the 2012 class action. The plaintiffs have appealed the dismissal.
 
SIBOR/SOR Case in the SDNY
 
A putative class action filed in the SDNY against Barclays PLC, Barclays Bank PLC, BCI and other defendants, alleging manipulation of the Singapore Interbank Offered Rate (SIBOR) and Singapore Swap Offer Rate (SOR) was dismissed by the court in relation to claims against Barclays for failure to state a claim. The plaintiffs amended their complaint in September 2017, and the defendants’ motion to dismiss is pending.
 
Non-US Benchmarks Cases
 
In addition to US actions, legal proceedings have been brought or threatened against Barclays in connection with alleged manipulation of LIBOR and EURIBOR and other benchmarks in the UK, a number of other jurisdictions in Europe, Israel and Argentina. Additional proceedings in non-US jurisdictions may be brought in the future.
 
Claimed amounts/Financial impact
 
Aside from the settlements discussed above, it is not currently practicable to provide an estimate of any further financial impact of the actions described on Barclays or what effect they might have upon Barclays’ operating results, cash flows or financial position in any particular period.
 
Foreign Exchange investigations
 
Various regulatory and enforcement authorities across multiple jurisdictions have been investigating a range of issues associated with Foreign Exchange sales and trading, including electronic trading.
 
Background information
 
In 2015 Barclays reached settlements with the CFTC, the DoJ, the New York State Department of Financial Services (NYDFS), the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Federal Reserve) and the FCA (together, the 2015 Resolving Authorities) in relation to investigations into certain sales and trading practices in the Foreign Exchange market. In connection with these settlements, Barclays paid total penalties of approximately $2.38bn and agreed to undertake certain remedial actions.
 
Under the plea agreement with the DoJ, in addition to a criminal fine, Barclays PLC agreed to a term of probation of three years during which Barclays PLC, including its subsidiaries, must, amongst other things, (i) commit no crime whatsoever in violation of the federal laws of the US, (ii) implement and continue to implement a compliance program designed to prevent and detect the conduct that gave rise to the plea agreement, (iii) report credible evidence of criminal violations of US antitrust or fraud laws to the relevant US authority, and (iv) strengthen its compliance and internal controls as required by relevant regulatory or enforcement agencies. In January 2017, the US District Court for the District of Connecticut accepted the plea agreement and in accordance with the agreement sentenced Barclays PLC to pay $650m as a fine and $60m for violating the NPA (which amounts are part of the $2.38bn referred to above) and to serve three years of probation from the date of the sentencing order. Barclays also continues to provide relevant information to certain of the 2015 Resolving Authorities.
 
The full text of the DoJ plea agreement, the orders of the CFTC, NYDFS and Federal Reserve, and the Final Notice issued by the FCA related to the settlements referred to above are publicly available on the 2015 Resolving Authorities’ respective websites.
 
The European Commission is one of several authorities conducting an investigation into certain trading practices in the Foreign Exchange market.
 
The DoJ has also conducted an investigation into conduct relating to certain trading activities in connection with certain transactions during 2011 and 2012. Barclays has been providing information to the DoJ and other relevant authorities reviewing this conduct. In February 2018, the DoJ concluded its investigation into conduct relating to certain trading activities in connection with one of these transactions. The DoJ issued a letter closing its investigation of Barclays in exchange for, among other things, Barclays’ agreement to pay $12.9m in disgorgement and restitution, which can be offset by any settlement amount paid as civil restitution. In January 2018, a Barclays employee currently under suspension was indicted in connection with this matter.
 
Claimed amounts/Financial impact
 
Aside from the settlements discussed above, and a provision of £240m recognised in Q417, it is not currently practicable to provide an estimate of any further financial impact of the actions described on Barclays or what effect they might have on Barclays’ operating results, cash flows or financial position in any particular period.
 
Civil actions in respect of Foreign Exchange
 
A number of individuals and corporates in a range of jurisdictions have threatened or brought civil actions against Barclays and other banks in relation to Foreign Exchange.
 
Background information
 
Following settlement of certain investigations referred to above in ‘Foreign Exchange Investigations’ a number of individuals and corporates in a range of jurisdictions have threatened or brought civil actions against Barclays and other banks in relation to Foreign Exchange or may do so in future. Certain of these cases have been dismissed or have been settled subject to final approval from the relevant court (and in the case of class actions, the right of class members to opt out of the settlement and to seek to file their own claims).
 
Consolidated FX Action
 
In 2014, a number of civil actions filed in the SDNY on behalf of proposed classes of plaintiffs alleging manipulation of Foreign Exchange markets under the Antitrust Act and New York state law and naming several international banks as defendants, including Barclays Bank PLC, were combined into a single consolidated action (Consolidated FX Action). In 2015, Barclays Bank PLC and BCI settled the Consolidated FX Action and paid $384m. Certain class members have opted out of the settlement and some of these may seek to file their own claims. The settlement is also subject to final court approval.
 
ERISA FX Action
 
Since 2015, several civil actions have been filed in the SDNY on behalf of proposed classes of plaintiffs purporting to allege different legal theories of injury (other than those alleged in the Consolidated FX Action) related to alleged manipulation of Foreign Exchange rates, including claims under the US Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) statute (ERISA Claims), and naming several international banks as defendants, including Barclays PLC, Barclays Bank PLC and BCI. The Court has dismissed the ERISA Claims.
 
Retail Basis Action
 
A putative action was filed in the Northern District of California (and subsequently transferred to the SDNY) against several international banks, including Barclays PLC and BCI, on behalf of a putative class of individuals that exchanged currencies on a retail basis at bank branches (Retail Basis Claims). The Court has ruled that the Retail Basis Claims are not covered by the settlement agreement in the Consolidated FX Action. The Court subsequently dismissed all Retail Basis Claims against Barclays and all other defendants. The plaintiffs amended their complaint and sought to expand the action to include credit card, debit card and wire transactions, which expansion the Court denied. The plaintiffs have asked the Court to reconsider the expansion decision.
 
State Law FX Action
 
In 2016, a putative class action was filed in the SDNY under federal, New York and California law on behalf of proposed classes of stockholders of Exchange Traded Funds and others who supposedly were indirect investors in FX Instruments. The defendants (including Barclays) moved to dismiss the action. The plaintiffs’ counsel then amended the complaint to bring claims on behalf of a proposed class of investors under federal and various state laws who traded FX Instruments through FX dealers or brokers not alleged to have manipulated Foreign Exchange Rates. A different group of plaintiffs subsequently filed another action based on the same theories and asserted substantively similar claims. These two actions have been consolidated and a consolidated complaint was filed in June 2017. The defendants (including Barclays) have moved to dismiss the action.
 
Claimed amounts/Financial impact
 
It is not currently practicable to provide an estimate of any further financial impact of the actions described above on Barclays or what effect they might have upon Barclays’ operating results, cash flows or financial position in any particular period.
 
Civil actions in respect of ISDAFIX
 
In 2014, a number of ISDAFIX related civil actions were filed in the SDNY on behalf of proposed class of plaintiffs, alleging that Barclays Bank PLC, a number of other banks and one broker violated the Antitrust Act and several state laws by engaging in a conspiracy to manipulate the USD ISDAFIX. In 2016, Barclays Bank PLC and BCI entered into a settlement agreement with plaintiffs to resolve the consolidated action and paid $30m, fully resolving all ISDAFIX-related claims that were or could have been brought by the class. The court entered an order granting final approval of the settlement in June 2018.
 
Claimed amounts/Financial impact
 
The principal financial impact of the actions described on Barclays is reflected in the settlement described above.
 
Metals investigations
 
Barclays Bank PLC has provided information to the DoJ, the CFTC and other authorities in connection with investigations into metals and metals-based financial instruments.
 
Claimed amounts/Financial impact
 
It is not currently practicable to provide an estimate of the financial impact of the actions described on Barclays or what effect they might have upon Barclays’ operating results, cash flows or financial position in any particular period.
 
Civil actions in respect of the gold and silver fix
 
A number of civil complaints, each on behalf of a proposed class of plaintiffs, have been consolidated and transferred to the SDNY. The complaints allege that Barclays Bank PLC and other members of The London Gold Market Fixing Ltd. manipulated the prices of gold and gold derivative contracts in violation of the CEA, the Antitrust Act, and state antitrust and consumer protection laws. Also in the US, a proposed class of plaintiffs filed a complaint against a number of banks, including Barclays Bank PLC, BCI and Barclays Capital Services Ltd., alleging manipulation of the price of silver in violation of the CEA and antitrust laws. The court has dismissed this action as against the Barclays entities.
 
Civil actions have also been filed in Canadian courts against Barclays PLC, Barclays Bank PLC, Barclays Capital Canada Inc., BCI and Barclays Capital PLC on behalf of proposed classes of plaintiffs alleging manipulation of gold and silver prices in violation of Canadian law.
 
Claimed amounts/Financial impact
 
It is not currently practicable to provide an estimate of the financial impact of the actions described on Barclays or what effect they might have upon Barclays’ operating results, cash flows or financial position in any particular period.
 
US residential and commercial mortgage-related activity and litigation
 
There have been various investigations and civil litigation relating to secondary market trading of US Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities (RMBS) and US Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities (CMBS).
 
Background information
 
Barclays’ activities within the US residential mortgage sector during the period from 2005 through 2008 included:
 
sponsoring and underwriting of approximately $39bn of private-label securitisations;
economic underwriting exposure of approximately $34bn for other private-label securitisations;
sales of approximately $0.2bn of loans to government sponsored enterprises (GSEs);
sales of approximately $3bn of loans to others; and
sales of approximately $19.4bn of loans (net of approximately $500m of loans sold during this period and subsequently repurchased) that were originated and sold to third parties by mortgage originator affiliates of an entity that Barclays acquired in 2007 (Acquired Subsidiary)
 
DoJ Civil Action
 
In December 2016, the DoJ filed a civil complaint against Barclays Bank PLC, Barclays PLC, BCI, Barclays Group US Inc., Barclays US LLC, BCAP LLC, Securitized Asset Backed Receivables LLC and Sutton Funding LLC, as well as two former employees, in the US District Court in the Eastern District of New York (EDNY) containing a number of allegations, including mail and wire fraud, relating to mortgage-backed securities sold between 2005 and 2007. In March 2018, Barclays reached a settlement with the DoJ to resolve this complaint for a civil monetary penalty of $2bn which was paid in H118.
 
RMBS Repurchase Requests
 
Barclays was the sole provider of various loan-level representations and warranties (R&Ws) with respect to:
 
approximately $5bn of Barclays sponsored securitisations;
approximately $0.2bn of sales of loans to GSEs; and
approximately $3bn of loans sold to others
 
In addition, the Acquired Subsidiary provided R&Ws on all of the $19.4bn of loans it sold to third parties.
 
R&Ws on the remaining Barclays sponsored securitisations were primarily provided by third-party originators directly to the securitisation trusts with a Barclays subsidiary, such as the depositor for the securitisation, providing more limited R&Ws. There are no stated expiration provisions applicable to most R&Ws made by Barclays, the Acquired Subsidiary or these third parties.
 
Under certain circumstances, Barclays and/or the Acquired Subsidiary may be required to repurchase the related loans or make other payments related to such loans if the R&Ws are breached.
 
The unresolved repurchase requests received on or before 30 June 2018 associated with all R&Ws made by Barclays or the Acquired Subsidiary on loans sold to GSEs and others and private-label activities had an original unpaid principal balance of approximately $2.1bn at the time of such sale.
 
The unresolved repurchase requests discussed above relate to civil actions that have been commenced by the trustees for certain RMBS securitisations in which the trustees allege that Barclays and/or the Acquired Subsidiary must repurchase loans that violated the operative R&Ws. Such trustees and other parties making repurchase requests have also alleged that the operative R&Ws may have been violated with respect to a greater (but unspecified) amount of loans than the amount of loans previously stated in specific repurchase requests made by such trustees. This litigation is ongoing.
 
In May 2018, the Acquired Subsidiary agreed to a settlement of a civil action relating to claims for indemnification for losses allegedly suffered by a loan purchaser as a result of alleged breaches of R&Ws provided by the Acquired Subsidiary in connection with loan sales to the purchaser during the period 1997 to 2007.
 
Claimed amounts/Financial impact
 
It is not currently practicable to provide an estimate of any further financial impact of the actions described on Barclays or what effect they might have upon Barclays’ operating results, cash flows or financial position in any particular period.
 
Alternative trading systems and high-frequency trading
 
The SEC, the New York State Attorney General (NYAG) and regulators in certain other jurisdictions investigated a range of issues associated with alternative trading systems (ATSs), including dark pools, and the activities of high-frequency traders.
 
Background information
 
In 2014, the NYAG filed a complaint (NYAG Complaint) against Barclays PLC and BCI in the Supreme Court of the State of New York alleging, amongst other things, that Barclays PLC and BCI engaged in fraud and deceptive practices in connection with LX, Barclays’ SEC-registered ATS. In February 2016, Barclays reached separate settlement agreements with the SEC and the NYAG to resolve those agencies’ claims against Barclays PLC and BCI relating to the operation of LX and paid $35m to each.
 
Barclays PLC and BCI have been named in a purported class action by an institutional financial services firm under California law based on allegations similar to those in the NYAG Complaint. In October 2016, the federal court in California granted the motion of Barclays PLC and BCI to dismiss the entire complaint and the plaintiffs have appealed the court’s decision. In July 2018, the court of appeals affirmed the dismissal.
 
Following the filing of the NYAG Complaint, Barclays PLC and BCI were also named in a putative shareholder securities class action along with certain current and former executives (Shareholder Class Action). The plaintiffs claim that holders of Barclays American Depository Receipts (ADRs) suffered damages when the ADRs declined in value as a result of the allegations in the NYAG Complaint. A motion to dismiss the complaint filed by the defendants (including Barclays PLC and BCI), was granted in part and denied in part by the court. In February 2016, the court certified the action as a class action. In November 2017, the appellate court affirmed the class certification.
 
Claimed amounts/Financial impact
 
The class actions seek unspecified monetary damages and injunctive relief. It is not currently practicable to provide an estimate of the financial impact of the actions described on Barclays or what effect they might have upon Barclays’ operating results, cash flows or financial position in any particular period.
 
Electricity market action
 
In 2013, the US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) filed a civil action against Barclays Bank PLC in connection with allegations that Barclays Bank PLC manipulated the electricity markets in the Western US. The action was settled for $105m ($70m penalty and $35m disgorgement) which was paid in 2017. In 2015, a civil class action complaint seeking damages of $139.3m was filed in the US District Court for the SDNY against Barclays Bank PLC by Merced Irrigation District, a California utility company, asserting antitrust allegations in connection with purported manipulation of the electricity markets in and around California. The action has been settled in principle for $29m (subject to final court approval and to the right of class members to opt out of the settlement and to seek to file their own claims).
 
Claimed amounts/Financial impact
 
Barclays does not expect the financial impact of the actions described above to be material to Barclays’ operating results, cash flows or financial position.
 
Treasury auction securities civil actions and related matters
 
Various civil actions have been filed against Barclays Bank PLC, BCI and other financial institutions alleging violations of antitrust and other laws relating to the markets for US Treasury securities and Supranational, Sovereign and Agency securities. Certain governmental authorities are also conducting investigations relating to trading of certain government securities in various markets.
 
Background information
 
Numerous putative class action complaints have been filed in US Federal Court against Barclays Bank PLC, BCI and other financial institutions that have served as primary dealers in US Treasury securities. Those actions have been consolidated and in November 2017, plaintiffs in the putative class action filed a consolidated amended complaint in the US Federal Court in New York against the defendants as well as certain corporations that operate electronic trading platforms on which US Treasury securities are traded. The complaint purports to assert claims under US federal antitrust laws and state common law based on allegations that defendants (i) conspired to manipulate the US Treasury securities market and/or (ii) conspired to prevent the creation of certain platforms by boycotting or threatening to boycott such trading platforms. The defendants have filed a motion to dismiss.
 
In addition, certain plaintiffs have filed a related, direct action against BCI and certain other financial institutions that have served as primary dealers in US Treasury securities. This complaint alleges that defendants conspired to fix and manipulate the US Treasury securities market in violation of US federal antitrust laws, the CEA and state common law.
 
In 2017, Barclays PLC, Barclays Bank PLC, BCI, Barclays Services Limited, Barclays Capital Securities Limited and certain other financial institutions were named as defendants in a civil antitrust complaint that alleges that the defendants engaged in a conspiracy to fix prices and restrain competition in the market for US dollar-denominated Supranational, Sovereign and Agency bonds from 2005 through 2015. The defendants have moved to dismiss the action.
 
Certain governmental authorities are conducting investigations into activities relating to the trading of certain government securities in various markets and Barclays has been providing information to various authorities on an ongoing basis.
 
Claimed amounts/Financial impact
 
It is not currently practicable to provide an estimate of the financial impact of the actions described on Barclays or what effect they might have upon Barclays’ operating results, cash flows or financial position in any particular period.
 
Mexican Government Bond civil action
 
Barclays PLC, Barclays Bank PLC, BCI, Barclays Bank Mexico, S.A., and Grupo Financiero Barclays Mexico, S.A., together with other financial institutions that deal in Mexican government bonds (MGB) are named as defendants in several putative class actions which were consolidated in the SDNY in June 2018. The class actions allege antitrust and state law claims arising out of an alleged conspiracy to fix the prices of MGB from 2006 through mid-2017.
 
Claimed amounts/Financial impact
 
It is not currently practicable to provide an estimate of the financial impact of the actions described on Barclays or what effect they might have upon Barclays’ operating results, cash flows or financial position in any particular period.
 
American Depositary Shares
 
Barclays PLC, Barclays Bank PLC and various former members of Barclays Bank PLC's Board of Directors have been named as defendants in a securities class action consolidated in the SDNY that alleges misstatements and omissions in offering documents for certain American Depositary Shares issued by Barclays Bank PLC in April 2008 with an original face amount of approximately $2.5 billion (the April 2008 Offering). The plaintiffs assert claims under the Securities Act of 1933, alleging misstatements and omissions concerning (amongst other things) Barclays Bank PLC’s portfolio of mortgage-related (including US subprime-related) securities, Barclays Bank PLC’s exposure to mortgage and credit market risk, and Barclays Bank PLC’s financial condition. The plaintiffs have not specifically alleged the amount of their damages. In June 2016, the SDNY certified the action as a class action. In September 2017, the SDNY granted the defendants’ motion for summary judgment. The plaintiffs are appealing this decision.
 
Claimed amounts/Financial impact
 
It is not currently practicable to provide an estimate of the financial impact of the action described on Barclays or what effect that it might have upon Barclays’ operating results, cash flows or financial position in any particular period.
 
BDC Finance L.L.C.
 
BDC Finance L.L.C. (BDC) has filed a complaint against Barclays Bank PLC alleging breach of contract in connection with a portfolio of total return swaps governed by an ISDA Master Agreement (collectively, the Agreement).
 
Background Information
 
In 2008, BDC filed a complaint in the NY Supreme Court alleging that Barclays Bank PLC breached the Agreement when it failed to transfer approximately $40m of alleged excess collateral in response to BDC’s 2008 demand (Demand).
 
BDC asserts that under the Agreement Barclays Bank PLC was not entitled to dispute the Demand before transferring the alleged excess collateral and that even if the Agreement entitled Barclays Bank PLC to dispute the Demand before making the transfer, Barclays Bank PLC failed to dispute the Demand. BDC demands damages totalling $298m plus attorneys’ fees, expenses, and pre-judgement interest. A trial on liability issues concluded in April 2017 and the court’s decision is pending.
 
In 2011, BDC’s investment advisor, BDCM Fund Adviser, L.L.C. and its parent company, Black Diamond Capital Holdings, L.L.C. also sued Barclays Bank PLC and BCI in Connecticut State Court for unspecified damages allegedly resulting from Barclays Bank PLC’s conduct relating to the Agreement, asserting claims for violation of the Connecticut Unfair Trade Practices Act and tortious interference with business and prospective business relations. The parties agreed to stay this case.
 
Claimed amounts/Financial impact
 
It is not currently practicable to provide an estimate of the financial impact of the actions described on Barclays or what effect they might have upon Barclays’ operating results, cash flows or financial position in any particular period. BDC has made claims against Barclays totalling $298m plus attorneys’ fees, expenses, and pre-judgement interest. This amount does not necessarily reflect Barclays’ potential financial exposure if a ruling were to be made against it.
 
Civil actions in respect of the US Anti-Terrorism Act
 
Civil complaints against Barclays Bank PLC and other banks allege engagement in a conspiracy and violation of the US Anti-Terrorism Act (ATA).
 
Background information
 
An amended civil complaint (the Amended Complaint), filed in the US Federal Court in the EDNY by a group of approximately 350 plaintiffs, alleges that Barclays Bank PLC and a number of other banks engaged in a conspiracy and violated the ATA by facilitating US dollar denominated transactions for the Government of Iran and various Iranian banks, which in turn funded Hezbollah and other attacks that injured or killed the plaintiffs’ family members. The plaintiffs seek to recover for pain, suffering and mental anguish pursuant to the provisions of the ATA, which allows for the tripling of any proven damages and attorneys' fees. Defendants have moved to dismiss the Amended Complaint. In November 2017, a separate civil complaint was filed in the US Federal Court in the SDNY by a group of approximately 160 plaintiffs, alleging claims under the ATA against Barclays Bank PLC and a number of other banks substantially similar to those in the Amended Complaint. The defendants have moved to dismiss this complaint.
 
In May 2018, a civil complaint was filed in the US Federal Court in the Middle District of Florida by a single plaintiff acting for himself alleging claims under the ATA against Barclays Bank PLC and a number of other banks. Barclays Bank PLC has not been served with this complaint. In July 2018, the court dismissed the complaint subject to the right of the plaintiff to file a revised complaint.
 
Claimed amounts/Financial impact
 
It is not currently practicable to provide an estimate of the financial impact of the actions described on Barclays or what effect they might have upon Barclays’ operating results, cash flows or financial position in any particular period.
 
Interest rate swap and credit default swap US civil actions
 
Barclays PLC, Barclays Bank PLC, and BCI, together with other financial institutions are defendants in interest rate swap and credit default swap antitrust civil actions in the SDNY.
 
Background information
 
Barclays PLC, Barclays Bank PLC, and BCI, together with other financial institutions that act as market makers for interest rate swaps (IRS), Trade Web, and ICAP, are named as defendants in several antitrust class actions which were consolidated in the SDNY in 2016. The complaints allege defendants conspired to prevent the development of exchanges for IRS and demand unspecified money damages, treble damages and legal fees. Plaintiffs include certain swap execution facilities, as well as buy-side investors. The buy-side investors claim to represent a class that transacted in fixed-for-floating IRS with defendants in the US from 2008 to the present, including, for example, US retirement and pension funds, municipalities, university endowments, corporations, insurance companies and investment funds. The case is in discovery.
 
In June 2017, a separate suit was filed in the US District Court in the SDNY against the same financial institution defendants in the IRS cases, including Barclays PLC, Barclays Bank PLC, and BCI, claiming that certain conduct alleged in the IRS cases also caused plaintiff to suffer harm with respect to the Credit Default Swaps market. Defendants have moved to dismiss this action. Separately, in June 2018, trueEX LLC filed an antitrust class action in the SDNY against eleven financial institutions that act as dealers in the IRS market, including Barclays Bank PLC and BCI, alleging that the defendants unlawfully conspired to block trueEX from successfully entering the market with its IRS trading platform. trueEX LLC also alleges that the defendants more generally boycotted other anonymous, all-to-all IRS trading platforms.
 
Claimed amounts/Financial impact
 
It is not currently practicable to provide an estimate of the financial impact of the actions described on Barclays or what effect they might have upon Barclays’ operating results, cash flows or financial position in any particular period.
 
Portuguese Competition Authority investigation
 
The Portuguese Competition Authority is investigating whether competition law was infringed by the exchange of information about retail credit products amongst 15 banks in Portugal, including Barclays, over a period of 11 years with particular reference to mortgages, consumer lending and lending to small and medium enterprises. Barclays is cooperating with the investigation.
 
Claimed amounts/Financial impact
 
It is not currently practicable to provide an estimate of the financial impact of the action described on Barclays or what effect they might have upon Barclays’ operating results, cash flows or financial position in any particular period.
 
Investigation into suspected money laundering related to foreign exchange transactions in South African operation
 
Absa Bank Limited, which was a subsidiary within the Barclays Group at the relevant time, identified potentially fraudulent activity by certain of its customers using advance payments for imports in 2014 and 2015 to effect foreign exchange transfers from South Africa to beneficiary accounts located in East Asia, the UK, Europe and the US. As a result, Barclays conducted a review of relevant activity, processes, systems and controls. Barclays is continuing to provide information to relevant authorities as part of Barclays’ ongoing cooperation.
 
Claimed amounts/Financial impact
 
It is not currently practicable to provide an estimate of the financial impact of the actions described on Barclays or what effect they might have upon Barclays’ operating results, cash flows or financial position in any particular period.
 
2.
Barclays PLC, Barclays Bank PLC and Barclays Bank UK PLC
 
Investigations relating to retail structured deposits and capital protected structured notes
 
In 2015, the FCA commenced an enforcement investigation relating to the design, manufacture and sale of structured deposits by Barclays from November 2009. The investigation is at an advanced stage. In January 2018, the FCA also commenced an enforcement investigation relating to the design, manufacture and sale of capital protected structured notes by Barclays from June 2008 to July 2014.
 
Claimed amounts/Financial impact
 
It is not currently practicable to provide an estimate of the financial impact of the investigations on Barclays or what effect they might have upon Barclays’ operating results, cash flows or financial position in any particular period.
 
Investigation into collections and recoveries relating to unsecured lending
 
In February 2018, the FCA commenced an enforcement investigation in relation to whether or not Barclays, from July 2015, implemented effective systems and controls with respect to collections and recoveries and whether or not it paid due consideration to the interests of customers in default and arrears.
 
Claimed amounts/Financial impact
 
It is not currently practicable to provide an estimate of the financial impact of the investigation on Barclays or what effect that it might have upon Barclays’ operating results, cash flows or financial position in any particular period.
 
HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) assessments concerning UK Value Added Tax
 
In March 2018 HMRC issued notices that have the effect of removing certain overseas subsidiaries that have operations in the UK from Barclays’ UK VAT group, in which group supplies between members are generally free from VAT. The notices have retrospective effect and unless withdrawn by HMRC would correspond to assessments of approximately £184m, inclusive of interest, of which Barclays would expect to attribute an amount of approximately £130m to Barclays Bank UK PLC and £54m to Barclays Bank PLC. At Barclays’ request, HMRC is conducting a further review, and if the assessments are not withdrawn Barclays is able to challenge the assessments by initiating proceedings with the First Tier Tribunal (Tax Chamber).
 
Claimed amounts/Financial impact
 
The total amount of the HMRC assessments is approximately £184m, inclusive of interest.
 
3.
Barclays PLC and Barclays Bank UK PLC
 
CCUK Finance Limited and CIAC Corporation
 
In May 2017, Barclays was served with a civil claim by CCUK Finance Limited and CIAC Corporation issued in the English High Court alleging breach of a contractual indemnity, fraudulent misrepresentation and breach of warranty arising out of the sale of a portfolio of credit cards in 2007. Barclays has filed a defence and counterclaim.
 
Claimed amounts/Financial impact
 
The claim seeks damages of not less than £1bn plus interest and costs. The damages claimed do not necessarily reflect Barclays’ potential financial exposure if a ruling were to be made against it. Barclays does not expect the financial impact of the action described above to be material to Barclays’ operating results, cash flows or financial position.
 
General
 
Barclays is engaged in various other legal, competition and regulatory matters in the UK and US and a number of other overseas jurisdictions. It is subject to legal proceedings brought by and against Barclays which arise in the ordinary course of business from time to time, including (but not limited to) disputes in relation to contracts, securities, debt collection, consumer credit, fraud, trusts, client assets, competition, data protection, money laundering, financial crime, employment, environmental and other statutory and common law issues.
 
Barclays is also subject to enquiries and examinations, requests for information, audits, investigations and legal and other proceedings by regulators, governmental and other public bodies in connection with (but not limited to) consumer protection measures, compliance with legislation and regulation, wholesale trading activity and other areas of banking and business activities in which Barclays is or has been engaged. Barclays is cooperating with the relevant authorities and keeping all relevant agencies briefed as appropriate in relation to these matters and others described in this note on an ongoing basis.
 
At the present time, Barclays does not expect the ultimate resolution of any of these other matters to have a material adverse effect on its financial position. However, in light of the uncertainties involved in such matters and the matters specifically described in this note, there can be no assurance that the outcome of a particular matter or matters will not be material to Barclays’ results, operations or cash flow for a particular period, depending on, amongst other things, the amount of the loss resulting from the matter(s) and the amount of profit otherwise reported for the reporting period.
 
20. Related party transactions
 
Related party transactions in the half year ended 30 June 2018 were similar in nature to those disclosed in the Barclays PLC Annual Report 2017. No related party transactions that have taken place in the half year ended 30 June 2018 have materially affected the financial position or the performance of the Barclays Group during this period.
 
21. Transition disclosures
 
Impairment allowance reconciliations
 
Reconciliation from IAS 39 to IFRS 9 - financial assets under IFRS 9 subject to an increase in impairment allowance
 
The table below reconciles the closing impairment allowances for financial assets in accordance with IAS 39, and provisions for loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts in accordance with IAS 37, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets as at 31 December 2017, and the opening ECLs determined in accordance with IFRS 9 as at 1 January 2018.
 
Reconciliation of impairment allowance and provisions
 
 
 
 
 
As at 31.12.17
 
 
As at 01.01.18
 
Impairment allowance under IAS 39 or provisions under IAS 37
Reclassification impact
Additional IFRS 9 impairment allowance
Impairment allowance under IFRS 9
 
£m
£m
£m
£m
Loans and advances at amortised cost and other assets1
4,652
(52)
2,508
7,108
Available for sale investments/financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
38
(38)
3
3
Total on-balance sheet
4,690
(90)
2,511
7,111
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for undrawn contractually committed facilities and guarantee contracts
79
 -
341
420
Total impairment and provision
4,769
(90)
2,852
7,531
 
1
Includes impairment of £5m for cash collateral and settlement balances and £1m for other assets.
 
The introduction of IFRS 9 has increased the total impairment allowance held by Barclays by £2.8bn, from £4.8bn as at 31 December 2017 to £7.5bn as at 1 January 2018, as a result of earlier recognition of impairment allowances
The reclassification impact is due to assets moving to a fair value through income statement treatment that do not have an impairment allowance under IFRS 9
 
Balance sheet movement – impact of transition to IFRS 9 and IFRS 15
The table below presents the impact of the changes to balance sheet presentation and of the transition to IFRS 9 and IFRS 15 on Barclays PLC’s balance sheet showing separately the changes arising from reclassification and any associated remeasurement, and the impact of increased impairment.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As at 31.12.17
 
As at 31.12.17
 
 
 
 
As at 01.01.18
 
Published IAS 39 carrying amount
 Balance sheet presentation changes1
Revised IAS 39 carrying amount
IFRS 15 impact1
IFRS 9 presentation changes1
IFRS 9 classification and measurement
IFRS 9 impairment change
IFRS 9 carrying amount
 
Assets
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
Cash and balances at central banks
171,082
-
171,082
-
-
-
-
171,082
Items in the course of collection from other banks
2,153
(2,153)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Loans and advances to banks
35,663
(35,663)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Loans and advances to customers
365,552
(365,552)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cash collateral and settlement balances
-
77,168
77,168
-
-
(2,389)
(5)
74,774
Loans and advances at amortised cost
-
324,048
324,048
-
5,109
(9,467)
(2,502)
317,188
Reverse repurchase agreements and other similar secured lending
12,546
-
12,546
-
-
(11,949)
-
597
Trading portfolio assets
113,760
-
113,760
-
-
413
-
114,173
Financial assets designated at fair value
116,281
(116,281)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Financial assets at fair value through the income statement2
-
116,281
116,281
-
-
23,930
-
140,211
Derivative financial instruments
237,669
-
237,669
-
-
-
-
237,669
Financial investments
58,916
(1)
58,915
-
(57,414)
(1,501)
-
-
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
-
 
-
-
52,305
936
-
53,241
Investments in associates and joint ventures
718
-
718
-
-
(19)
-
699
Goodwill and intangible assets
7,849
-
7,849
-
-
-
-
7,849
Property, plant and equipment
2,572
-
2,572
-
-
-
-
2,572
Current tax assets
482
-
482
-
-
-
-
482
Deferred tax assets
3,457
-
3,457
(22)
-
-
649
4,084
Retirement benefit assets
966
-
966
-
-
-
-
966
Prepayments, accrued income and other assets
2,389
(2,389)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other assets
-
4,542
4,542
89
-
31
(1)
4,661
Assets included in disposal groups classified as held for sale
1,193
-
1,193
-
-
-
-
1,193
Total assets
1,133,248
-
1,133,248
67
-
(15)
(1,859)
1,131,441
 
1
For further details, refer to Note 1, Basis of preparation on pages 55 to 60.
2
Comprised of mandatory fair value assets of £130.2bn and designated fair value assets of £10.0bn.
 
 
As at 31.12.17
 
As at 31.12.17
 
 
 
 
As at 01.01.18
 
Published IAS 39 carrying amount
 Balance sheet presentation changes1
Revised IAS 39 carrying amount
IFRS 15 impact1
IFRS 9 presentation changes
IFRS 9 classification and measurement
IFRS 9 impairment change
IFRS 9 carrying amount
 
Liabilities
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
Deposits from banks
37,723
(37,723)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Deposits at amortised cost
-
398,701
398,701
-
-
(18,860)
-
379,841
Items in the course of collection due to other banks
446
(446)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Customer accounts
429,121
(429,121)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cash collateral and settlement balances
-
68,143
68,143
-
-
(2,218)
-
65,925
Repurchase agreements and other similar secured borrowing
40,338
-
40,338
-
-
(25,285)
-
15,053
Debt securities in issue
73,314
-
73,314
-
-
-
-
73,314
Subordinated liabilities
23,826
-
23,826
-
-
-
-
23,826
Trading portfolio liabilities
37,351
-
37,351
-
-
-
-
37,351
Financial liabilities designated at fair value
173,718
-
173,718
-
-
46,365
-
220,083
Derivative financial instruments
238,345
-
238,345
-
-
-
-
238,345
Current tax liabilities
586
-
586
-
-
-
-
586
Deferred tax liabilities
44
-
44
-
-
-
-
44
Retirement benefit liabilities
312
-
312
-
-
-
-
312
Accruals, deferred income and other liabilities
8,565
(8,565)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other liabilities
-
9,011
9,011
-
-
-
-
9,011
Provisions
3,543
-
3,543
-
-
-
341
3,884
Total liabilities
1,067,232
-
1,067,232
-
-
2
341
1,067,575
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Called up share capital and share premium
22,045
-
22,045
-
-
-
-
22,045
Other reserves
5,383
-
5,383
-
-
(139)
3
5,247
Retained earnings
27,536
-
27,536
67
-
122
(2,203)
25,522
Other equity instruments
8,941
-
8,941
-
-
-
-
8,941
Total equity excluding non-controlling interests
63,905
-
63,905
67
-
(17)
(2,200)
61,755
Non-controlling interests
2,111
-
2,111
-
-
-
-
2,111
Total equity
66,016
-
66,016
67
-
(17)
(2,200)
63,866
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and equity
1,133,248
-
1,133,248
67
-
(15)
(1,859)
1,131,441
 
1
For further details, refer to Note 1, Basis of preparation on pages 55 to 60.
 
IFRS 9 classification and measurement
 
This column represents the changes to the balance sheet from classification and measurement. The net effect is a decrease in shareholders’ equity of £17m, with no significant offsetting movements. The classification changes include the transfer of certain Barclays International Prime Services and Equities positions from an amortised cost to a fair value approach.
 
IFRS 9 impairment change
 
Additional impairment from the adoption of IFRS 9 is shown in the impairment change column. The increase in impairment results in the recognition of a deferred tax asset that will amortise to current tax over time. The post-tax impact is a reduction in shareholders’ equity of £2.2bn. Impairment allowance under IFRS 9 considers both the drawn and the undrawn counterparty exposure. For retail portfolios, the total impairment allowance is allocated to the drawn exposure to the extent that the allowance does not exceed the exposure. Any excess is reported on the liability side of the balance sheet as a provision. For wholesale portfolios the impairment allowance on the undrawn exposure is reported on the liability side of the balance sheet as a provision.
 
22. Barclays PLC parent company balance sheet
 
 
As at
As at
 
30.06.18
31.12.17
Assets
£m
£m
Investment in subsidiaries
55,379
39,354
Loans and advances to subsidiaries
27,776
23,970
Financial assets at fair value through the income statement
4,615
4,782
Derivative financial instruments
115
161
Other assets
376
202
Total assets
88,261
68,469
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
Deposits at amortised cost
525
500
Subordinated liabilities
6,606
6,501
Debt securities in issue
27,883
22,110
Other liabilities
116
153
Total liabilities
35,130
29,264
 
 
 
Equity
 
 
Called up share capital
4,278
4,265
Share premium account
17,866
17,780
Other equity instruments
8,943
8,943
Other reserves
394
480
Retained earnings
21,650
7,737
Total equity
53,131
39,205
 
 
 
Total liabilities and equity
88,261
68,469
 
Investment in subsidiaries
 
The investment in subsidiaries of £55,379m (December 2017: £39,354m) predominantly relates to investments made into Barclays Bank PLC, and £8,986m (December 2017: £8,986m) of AT1 securities. The increase of £16,025m during the period was driven by the £14,025m holding in Barclays Bank UK PLC and a £2,000m capital injection into Barclays Bank PLC.
 
Loans and advances to subsidiaries, subordinated liabilities and debt securities in issue
 
During H118, Barclays PLC issued $4,500m of Fixed and Floating Rate Senior Notes, £1,500m Fixed Rate Senior Notes, €1,055m Fixed Rate Senior Notes and AUD 600m Fixed and Floating Rate Senior Notes included within the debt securities in issue balance of £27,833m (December 2017: £22,110m). Barclays PLC did not issue any subordinated liabilities in the period.
 
Other reserves
 
As a result of the adoption of IFRS 9 on 1 January 2018, the available for sale reserve of £86m has been transferred to retained earnings.
 
Retained earnings
 
Following the receipt of a dividend in specie from Barclays Bank PLC, representing its holding in Barclays Bank UK PLC, retained earnings increased from £7,737m to £21,650m in H118.
 
Management of internal investments, loans and advances
 
Barclays PLC retains the discretion to manage the nature of its internal investments in the subsidiaries according to their regulatory and business needs. Barclays PLC may invest capital and funding into Barclays Bank PLC and other Barclays Group subsidiaries such as Barclays Bank UK PLC, the Group Service Company and the US Intermediate Holding Company (IHC). In June 2018 the Bank of England published its updated statement of policy on “The Bank of England’s approach to setting a minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities (MREL)”. Accordingly, during the course of the second half of 2018 Barclays expects to restructure certain investments in subsidiaries, including to subordinate internal MREL beneath operating liabilities, to the extent required to achieve compliance with internal MREL requirements which will be in effect from 1 January 2019.
 
Appendix: Non-IFRS Performance Measures
 
Barclays’ management believes that the non-IFRS performance measures included in this document provide valuable information to the readers of the financial statements as they enable the reader to identify a more consistent basis for comparing the businesses’ performance between financial periods, and provide more detail concerning the elements of performance which the managers of these businesses are most directly able to influence or are relevant for an assessment of the Barclays Group. They also reflect an important aspect of the way in which operating targets are defined and performance is monitored by Barclays’ management.
However, any non-IFRS performance measures in this document are not a substitute for IFRS measures and readers should consider the IFRS measures as well.
 
Non-IFRS performance measures glossary
 
Measure
Definition
Loan: deposit ratio
Loans and advances at amortised cost divided by deposits at amortised cost. The components of the calculation have been included on page 36.
Period end allocated tangible equity
Allocated tangible equity is calculated as 13.0% (2017: 12.0%) of RWAs for each business, adjusted for capital deductions, excluding goodwill and intangible assets, reflecting the assumptions the Barclays Group uses for capital planning purposes. Head Office allocated tangible equity represents the difference between the Barclays Group’s tangible shareholders’ equity and the amounts allocated to businesses.
Average tangible shareholders’ equity
Calculated as the average of the previous month’s period end tangible equity and the current month’s period end tangible equity. The average tangible shareholders’ equity for the period is the average of the monthly averages within that period.
Average allocated tangible equity
Calculated as the average of the previous month’s period end allocated tangible equity and the current month’s period end allocated tangible equity. The average allocated tangible equity for the period is the average of the monthly averages within that period.
Return on average tangible shareholders’ equity
Annualised profit after tax attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent, including an adjustment for the tax credit in reserves in respect of other equity instruments, as a proportion of average shareholders’ equity excluding non-controlling interests and other equity instruments adjusted for the deduction of intangible assets and goodwill. The components of the calculation have been included on page 95.
Return on average allocated tangible equity
Annualised profit after tax attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent, including an adjustment for the tax credit in reserves in respect of other equity instruments, as a proportion of average allocated tangible equity. The components of the calculation have been included on page 95.
Cost: income ratio
Operating expenses divided by total income.
Loan loss rate
Quoted in basis points and represents total annualised impairment charges divided by gross loans and advances held at amortised cost at the balance sheet date. The components of the calculation have been included on page 27.
Net interest margin
Annualised net interest income divided by the sum of average customer assets. The components of the calculation have been included on page 25.
Tangible net asset value per share
Calculated by dividing shareholders’ equity, excluding non-controlling interests and other equity instruments, less goodwill and intangible assets, by the number of issued ordinary shares. The components of the calculation have been included on page 102.
Performance measures excluding litigation and conduct
Calculated by excluding litigation and conduct charges from performance measures. The components of the calculations have been included on pages 96 to 102.
 
Returns
 
Return on average tangible equity is calculated as annualised profit after tax attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent, including an adjustment for the tax credit in reserves in respect of other equity instruments, as a proportion of average tangible equity, excluding non-controlling and other equity interests for businesses. Allocated tangible equity has been calculated as 13.0% (2017: 12.0%) of RWAs for each business, adjusted for capital deductions, excluding goodwill and intangible assets, reflecting the assumptions the Barclays Group uses for capital planning purposes. Head Office average allocated tangible equity represents the difference between the Barclays Group’s average tangible shareholders’ equity and the amounts allocated to businesses.
 
 
Attributable profit/(loss)
Tax credit in respect of interest payments on other equity instruments
Profit/(loss) attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent
 
Average tangible equity
 
Return on average tangible equity
Half year ended 30.06.18
£m
£m
£m
 
£bn
 
%
Barclays UK
426
21
447
 
10.0
 
9.0
    Corporate and Investment Bank
1,372
62
1,434
 
26.0
 
11.0
    Consumer, Cards and Payments
491
8
499
 
4.7
 
21.2
Barclays International
1,863
70
1,933
 
30.7
 
12.6
Head Office
(1,821)
2
(1,819)
 
3.1
 
n/m
Barclays Group
468
93
561
 
43.8
 
2.6
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Half year ended 30.06.17
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Barclays UK
185
18
203
 
8.8
 
4.6
    Corporate and Investment Bank
1,083
45
1,128
 
23.3
 
9.7
    Consumer, Cards and Payments
573
9
582
 
4.2
 
28.0
Barclays International
1,656
54
1,710
 
27.5
 
12.4
Head Office1
(298)
-
(298)
 
8.2
 
n/m
Barclays Non-Core
(419)
10
(409)
 
4.9
 
n/m
Africa Banking discontinued operation1
(2,335)
-
(2,335)
 
n/m
 
n/m
Barclays Group
(1,211)
82
(1,129)
 
49.4
 
(4.6)
 
1
Average allocated tangible equity for Africa Banking is included within Head Office.
 
Performance measures excluding litigation and conduct
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Half year ended 30.06.18
 
Barclays UK
Corporate and Investment Bank
Consumer, Cards and Payments
Barclays International
Head Office
Barclays Group
Cost: income ratio
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
Operating expenses
(2,387)
(3,559)
(1,109)
(4,668)
(1,661)
(8,716)
Impact of litigation and conduct
414
13
49
62
1,566
2,042
Operating expenses excluding litigation and conduct
(1,973)
(3,546)
(1,060)
(4,606)
(95)
(6,674)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total income
3,624
5,379
2,136
7,515
(205)
10,934
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost: income ratio excluding litigation and conduct
54%
66%
50%
61%
n/m
61%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit before tax
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit/(loss) before tax
826
2,010
700
2,710
(1,877)
1,659
Impact of litigation and conduct
414
13
49
62
1,566
2,042
Profit/(loss) before tax excluding litigation and conduct
1,240
2,023
749
2,772
(311)
3,701
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent
 
 
 
 
 
 
Attributable profit/(loss)
426
1,372
491
1,863
(1,821)
468
Post-tax impact of litigation and conduct
412
10
36
46
1,531
1,989
Attributable profit/(loss) excluding litigation and conduct
838
1,382
527
1,909
(290)
2,457
Tax credit in respect of interest payments on other equity instruments
21
62
8
70
2
93
Profit/(loss) attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent excluding litigation and conduct
859
1,444
535
1,979
(288)
2,550
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average tangible shareholders' equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average tangible shareholders' equity (£bn)
10.0
26.0
4.7
30.7
3.1
43.8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average tangible shareholders' equity excluding litigation and conduct
17.3%
11.1%
22.7%
12.9%
n/m
11.6%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per ordinary share
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic weighted average number of shares (m)
 
 
 
 
 
17,067
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per ordinary share excluding litigation and conduct
 
 
 
 
 
14.9p
 
 
Half year ended 30.06.17
 
Barclays UK
Corporate and Investment Bank
Consumer, Cards and Payments
Barclays International
Head Office
Barclays Group1
Cost: income ratio
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
Operating expenses
(2,628)
(3,697)
(1,023)
(4,720)
(100)
(7,732)
Impact of litigation and conduct
695
7
2
9
11
743
Operating expenses excluding litigation and conduct
(1,933)
(3,690)
(1,021)
(4,711)
(89)
(6,989)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total income
3,661
5,346
2,402
7,748
2
10,881
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost: income ratio excluding litigation and conduct
53%
69%
43%
61%
n/m
64%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit before tax
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit/(loss) before tax
634
1,715
902
2,617
(263)
2,341
Impact of litigation and conduct
695
7
2
9
11
743
Profit/(loss) before tax excluding litigation and conduct
1,329
1,722
904
2,626
(252)
3,084
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent
 
 
 
 
 
 
Attributable profit/(loss)
185
1,083
573
1,656
(298)
(1,211)
Post-tax impact of litigation and conduct
688
5
1
6
8
722
Attributable profit/(loss) excluding litigation and conduct
873
1,088
574
1,662
(290)
(489)
Tax credit in respect of interest payments on other equity instruments
18
45
9
54
-
82
Profit/(loss) attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent excluding litigation and conduct
891
1,133
583
1,716
(290)
(407)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average tangible shareholders' equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average tangible shareholders' equity (£bn)
8.8
23.3
4.2
27.5
8.2
49.4
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average tangible shareholders' equity excluding litigation and conduct
20.3%
9.7%
28.0%
12.5%
n/m
(1.6%)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per ordinary share
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic weighted average number of shares (m)
 
 
 
 
 
16,989
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic loss per ordinary share excluding litigation and conduct
 
 
 
 
 
(2.4p)
 
1
Barclays Group results also included Barclays Non-Core and the Africa Banking discontinued operation for the half year ended 30 June 2017.
 
Barclays Group
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q218
Q118
 
Q417
Q317
Q217
Q117
 
Q416
Q316
Cost: income ratio
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
Operating expenses
(3,391)
(5,325)
 
(4,369)
(3,355)
(4,113)
(3,619)
 
(4,319)
(4,322)
Impact of litigation and conduct
81
1,961
 
383
81
715
28
 
97
741
Operating expenses excluding litigation and conduct
(3,310)
(3,364)
 
(3,986)
(3,274)
(3,398)
(3,591)
 
(4,222)
(3,581)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total income
5,576
5,358
 
5,022
5,173
5,058
5,823
 
4,992
5,446
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost: income ratio excluding litigation and conduct
59%
63%
 
79%
63%
67%
62%
 
85%
66%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit before tax
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit/(loss) before tax
1,895
(236)
 
93
1,107
659
1,682
 
330
837
Impact of litigation and conduct
81
1,961
 
383
81
715
28
 
97
741
Profit before tax excluding litigation and conduct
1,976
1,725
 
476
1,188
1,374
1,710
 
427
1,578
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Attributable profit/(loss)
1,232
(764)
 
(1,294)
583
(1,401)
190
 
99
414
Post-tax impact of litigation and conduct
59
1,930
 
351
77
703
19
 
52
726
Attributable profit/(loss) excluding litigation and conduct
1,291
1,166
 
(943)
660
(698)
209
 
151
1,140
Tax credit in respect of interest payments on other equity instruments
47
46
 
49
43
44
38
 
39
31
Profit/(loss) attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent excluding litigation and conduct
1,338
1,212
 
(894)
703
(654)
247
 
190
1,171
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average tangible shareholders' equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average tangible shareholders' equity (£bn)
43.5
44.2
 
48.1
48.9
49.3
49.4
 
48.9
49.4
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average tangible shareholders' equity excluding litigation and conduct
12.3%
11.0%
 
(7.4%)
5.7%
(5.3%)
2.0%
 
1.6%
9.5%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per ordinary share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic weighted average number of shares (m)
17,067
17,037
 
16,996
16,994
16,989
16,924
 
16,860
16,866
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings/(loss) per ordinary share excluding litigation and conduct
7.8p
7.1p
 
(5.3p)
4.1p
(3.8p)
1.5p
 
1.1p
6.9p
 
Barclays UK
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q218
Q118
 
Q417
Q317
Q217
Q117
 
Q416
Q316
Cost: income ratio
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
Operating expenses
(971)
(1,416)
 
(1,229)
(991)
(1,673)
(955)
 
(1,065)
(1,518)
Impact of litigation and conduct
3
411
 
53
11
699
(4)
 
28
614
Operating expenses excluding litigation and conduct
(968)
(1,005)
 
(1,176)
(980)
(974)
(959)
 
(1,037)
(904)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total income
1,836
1,788
 
1,870
1,852
1,820
1,841
 
1,828
1,943
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost: income ratio excluding litigation and conduct
53%
56%
 
63%
53%
54%
52%
 
57%
47%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit before tax
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit/(loss) before tax
656
170
 
452
661
(74)
708
 
583
75
Impact of litigation and conduct
3
411
 
53
11
699
(4)
 
28
614
Profit before tax excluding litigation and conduct
659
581
 
505
672
625
704
 
611
689
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Attributable profit/(loss)
464
(38)
 
245
423
(285)
470
 
383
(163)
Post-tax impact of litigation and conduct
1
411
 
37
8
691
(3)
 
(3)
627
Attributable profit excluding litigation and conduct
465
373
 
282
431
406
467
 
380
464
Tax credit in respect of interest payments on other equity instruments
9
12
 
13
9
9
9
 
7
7
Profit attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent excluding litigation and conduct
474
385
 
295
440
415
476
 
387
471
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average allocated tangible equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average allocated tangible equity (£bn)
10.1
9.8
 
9.6
9.4
8.7
8.9
 
8.6
8.7
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average allocated tangible equity excluding litigation and conduct
18.8%
15.7%
 
12.3%
18.7%
19.1%
21.5%
 
18.0%
21.6%
 
Barclays International
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q218
Q118
 
Q417
Q317
Q217
Q117
 
Q416
Q316
Cost: income ratio
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
Operating expenses
(2,353)
(2,315)
 
(2,948)
(2,187)
(2,272)
(2,448)
 
(2,798)
(2,354)
Impact of litigation and conduct
47
15
 
255
5
(4)
13
 
17
17
Operating expenses excluding litigation and conduct
(2,306)
(2,300)
 
(2,693)
(2,182)
(2,276)
(2,435)
 
(2,781)
(2,337)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total income
3,707
3,808
 
3,319
3,315
3,610
4,138
 
3,592
3,851
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost: income ratio excluding litigation and conduct
62%
60%
 
81%
66%
63%
59%
 
77%
61%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit before tax
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit before tax
1,297
1,413
 
6
652
1,261
1,356
 
373
1,085
Impact of litigation and conduct
47
15
 
255
5
(4)
13
 
17
17
Profit before tax excluding litigation and conduct
1,344
1,428
 
261
657
1,257
1,369
 
390
1,102
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Attributable profit/(loss)
890
973
 
(1,168)
359
819
837
 
43
623
Post-tax impact of litigation and conduct
34
12
 
250
4
(3)
9
 
14
17
Attributable profit/(loss) excluding litigation and conduct
924
985
 
(918)
363
816
846
 
57
640
Tax credit in respect of interest payments on other equity instruments
36
34
 
34
32
27
27
 
23
20
Profit/(loss) attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent excluding litigation and conduct
960
1,019
 
(884)
395
843
873
 
80
660
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average allocated tangible equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average allocated tangible equity (£bn)
31.4
30.1
 
28.5
28.9
27.4
27.7
 
26.6
25.7
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average allocated tangible equity excluding litigation and conduct
12.2%
13.6%
 
(12.4%)
5.5%
12.3%
12.6%
 
1.2%
10.3%
 
Corporate and Investment Bank
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q218
Q118
 
Q417
Q317
Q217
Q117
 
Q416
Q316
Profit before tax
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
Profit/(loss) before tax
835
1,175
 
(252)
593
925
790
 
155
885
Impact of litigation and conduct
-
13
 
255
5
(4)
11
 
15
17
Profit before tax excluding litigation and conduct
835
1,188
 
3
598
921
801
 
170
902
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Attributable profit/(loss)
567
805
 
(1,256)
340
623
460
 
(86)
488
Post-tax impact of litigation and conduct
-
10
 
250
4
(3)
8
 
13
17
Attributable profit/(loss) excluding litigation and conduct
567
815
 
(1,006)
344
620
468
 
(73)
505
Tax credit in respect of interest payments on other equity instruments
33
29
 
29
28
22
23
 
20
17
Profit/(loss) attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent excluding litigation and conduct
600
844
 
(977)
372
642
491
 
(53)
522
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average allocated tangible equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average allocated tangible equity (£bn)
26.4
25.6
 
24.3
24.8
23.3
23.5
 
22.6
21.9
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average allocated tangible equity excluding litigation and conduct
9.1%
13.2%
 
(16.1%)
6.0%
11.1%
8.3%
 
(0.9%)
9.5%
 
Consumer, Cards and Payments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit before tax
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit before tax
462
238
 
258
59
336
566
 
218
200
Impact of litigation and conduct
47
2
 
-
-
-
2
 
2
-
Profit before tax excluding litigation and conduct
509
240
 
258
59
336
568
 
220
200
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Attributable profit
323
168
 
88
19
196
377
 
129
135
Post-tax impact of litigation and conduct
34
2
 
-
-
-
1
 
1
-
Attributable profit excluding litigation and conduct
357
170
 
88
19
196
378
 
130
135
Tax credit in respect of interest payments on other equity instruments
3
5
 
5
4
5
4
 
3
3
Profit attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent excluding litigation and conduct
360
175
 
93
23
201
382
 
133
138
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average allocated tangible equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average allocated tangible equity (£bn)
5.0
4.5
 
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.2
 
4.0
3.7
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average allocated tangible equity excluding litigation and conduct
28.9%
15.7%
 
9.0%
2.2%
19.4%
36.5%
 
13.3%
14.8%
 
Head Office
 
Q218
Q118
 
Q417
Q317
Q217
Q117
 
Q416
Q316
Profit before tax
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
£m
£m
 
£m
£m
(Loss)/profit before tax
(58)
(1,819)
 
(365)
(206)
(122)
(141)
 
162
(229)
Impact of litigation and conduct
31
1,535
 
75
65
1
10
 
1
8
(Loss)/profit before tax excluding litigation and conduct
(27)
(284)
 
(290)
(141)
(121)
(131)
 
163
(221)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Attributable (loss)/profit
(122)
(1,699)
 
(371)
(199)
(175)
(123)
 
223
(203)
Post-tax impact of litigation and conduct
24
1,507
 
64
65
1
7
 
1
8
Attributable (loss)/profit excluding litigation and conduct
(98)
(192)
 
(307)
(134)
(174)
(116)
 
224
(195)
 
Tangible net asset value
As at
As at
As at
30.06.18
31.12.17
30.06.17
 
£m
£m
£m
Total equity excluding non-controlling interests
61,055
63,905
63,866
Other equity instruments
(8,938)
(8,941)
(7,694)
Goodwill and intangibles
(7,871)
(7,849)
(7,724)
Tangible shareholders' equity excluding non-controlling interests attributable to ordinary shareholders of the parent
44,246
47,115
48,448
 
 
 
 
 
m
m
m
Shares in issue
17,110
17,060
17,034
 
 
 
 
 
p
p
p
Tangible net asset value per share
259
276
284
 
Shareholder Information
 
Results timetable1
 
 
Date
 
 
Ex-dividend date
 
 
9 August 2018
Dividend record date
 
 
10 August 2018
Scrip reference share price set and made available to shareholders
 
 
16 August 2018
Cut off time of 4.30 pm (UK time) for the receipt of Mandate Forms or Revocation Forms (as applicable)
 
 
24 August 2018
Dividend payment date/first day of dealing in new shares
 
 
17 September 2018
Q3 2018 Results Announcement
 
 
24 October 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
For qualifying US and Canadian resident ADR holders, the interim dividend of 2.5p per ordinary share becomes 10.0p per ADS (representing four shares). The ex-dividend, dividend record and dividend payment dates for ADR holders are as shown above.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
% Change3
Exchange rates2
30.06.18
31.12.17
30.06.17
31.12.17
30.06.17
Period end - USD/GBP
1.32
1.35
1.30
(2%)
2%
6 month average - USD/GBP
1.38
1.32
1.26
5%
10%
3 month average - USD/GBP
1.36
1.33
1.28
2%
6%
Period end - EUR/GBP
1.13
1.13
1.14
-
(1%)
6 month average - EUR/GBP
1.14
1.12
1.16
2%
(2%)
3 month average - EUR/GBP
1.14
1.13
1.16
1%
(2%)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Share price data
 
 
 
 
 
Barclays PLC (p)
189.00
203.10
202.75
 
 
Barclays PLC number of shares (m)
17,110
17,060
17,034
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For further information please contact
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investor relations
Media relations
Lisa Bartrip +44 (0) 20 7773 0708
Thomas Hoskin +44 (0) 20 7116 4755
 
 
 
 
 
 
More information on Barclays can be found on our website: home.barclays.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Registered office
 
 
 
 
 
1 Churchill Place, London, E14 5HP, United Kingdom. Tel: +44 (0) 20 7116 1000. Company number: 48839.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Registrar
 
 
 
 
 
Equiniti, Aspect House, Spencer Road, Lancing, West Sussex, BN99 6DA, United Kingdom.
 
Tel: 0371 384 20554 from the UK or +44 121 415 7004 from overseas.
 
 
1
Note that these dates are provisional and subject to change. Any changes to the Scrip Dividend Programme dates will be made available at home.barclays/dividends.
2
The average rates shown above are derived from daily spot rates during the year.
3
The change is the impact to GBP reported information.
4
Lines open 8.30am to 5.30pm (UK time), Monday to Friday, excluding UK public holidays in England and Wales.