UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One) | |
ý |
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2008 |
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or |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to |
Commission File Number: 000-52609
LPL Investment Holdings Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
20-3717839 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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One Beacon Street, Floor 22 Boston MA 02108 (617) 423-3644 (Address including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of principal executive offices) |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ý Yes o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer o | Accelerated filer o | Non-accelerated filer ý (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
Smaller reporting company o |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). o Yes ý No
The number of shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding as of March 31, 2008 was 86,475,343.90.
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Item Number |
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
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1. Financial Statements |
1 |
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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (unaudited) |
1 |
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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited) |
2 |
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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (unaudited) |
3 |
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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) |
4 |
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) |
6 |
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2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
21 |
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3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |
37 |
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4. Controls and Procedures |
39 |
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION |
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1. Legal Proceedings |
39 |
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1A. Risk Factors |
40 |
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2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |
40 |
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3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities |
41 |
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4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders |
41 |
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5. Other Information |
41 |
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6. Exhibits |
41 |
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SIGNATURES |
42 |
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EXHIBIT INDEX |
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EXHIBIT 31.1 |
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EXHIBIT 31.2 |
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EXHIBIT 32.1 |
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EXHIBIT 32.2 |
i
Where You Can Find More Information
We are required to file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information required by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. You may read and copy any document we file with the SEC at the SEC's public reference room located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549, U.S.A. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference room. Our SEC filings are also available to the public from the SEC's internet site at http://www.sec.gov.
When we use the terms "LPLIH", "we", "us", "our", and the "firm" we mean LPL Investment Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries, taken as a whole, as well as any predecessor entities, unless the context otherwise indicates.
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q in Item 2"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and in other sections includes forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as "may", "might", "will", "should", "expect", "plan", "anticipate", "believe", "estimate", "predict", "potential", "intend" or "continue", the negative of these terms and other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements, which are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us, may include expectations as to our future financial performance, which in some cases may be based on our growth strategies and anticipated trends in our business. These statements are based on our current expectations and projections about future events. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results, level of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In particular, you should consider the numerous risks outlined in Part I, Item 1A"Risk Factors" in our 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of any of these forward-looking statements. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We are under no duty to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date of this filing to conform our prior forward-looking statements to actual results or revised expectations.
ii
LPL INVESTMENT HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
(UNAUDITED)
(Dollars in thousands, except par value)
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March 31, 2008 |
December 31, 2007 |
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ASSETS | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 284,587 | $ | 188,003 | |||||
Cash and securities segregated under federal and other regulations | 191,216 | 195,811 | |||||||
Receivable from: | |||||||||
Customers, net of allowance of $773 at March 31, 2008 and $529 at December 31, 2007 | 387,638 | 411,073 | |||||||
Product sponsors, broker-dealers, and clearing organizations | 123,792 | 160,153 | |||||||
Others, net of allowances of $5,967 at March 31, 2008 and $5,266 at December 31, 2007 | 91,991 | 97,222 | |||||||
Securities owned: | |||||||||
Marketable securities(1)at market value | 19,246 | 15,105 | |||||||
Other securitiesat amortized cost | 10,160 | 10,632 | |||||||
Securities borrowed | 11,050 | 9,038 | |||||||
Fixed assets, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $143,799 at March 31, 2008 and $130,011 at December 31, 2007 | 163,721 | 156,797 | |||||||
Debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization of $9,174 at March 31, 2008 and $8,239 at December 31, 2007 | 22,734 | 23,669 | |||||||
Goodwill | 1,287,756 | 1,287,756 | |||||||
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $75,228 at March 31, 2008 and $65,707 at December 31, 2007 | 632,616 | 642,137 | |||||||
Trademarks and trade names, net of accumulated amortization of $801 at March 31, 2008 and $590 at December 31, 2007 | 41,775 | 41,986 | |||||||
Prepaid expenses | 19,266 | 25,222 | |||||||
Other assets | 25,048 | 22,745 | |||||||
Total assets | $ | 3,312,596 | $ | 3,287,349 | |||||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | |||||||||
LIABILITIES: | |||||||||
Bank loans payable and revolving lines of credit | 25,000 | 65,000 | |||||||
Drafts payable | 154,419 | 127,144 | |||||||
Payable to customers | 381,817 | 406,677 | |||||||
Payable to broker-dealers and clearing organizations | 62,397 | 47,925 | |||||||
Accrued commissions and advisory fees payable | 137,447 | 126,584 | |||||||
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 125,536 | 88,662 | |||||||
Income taxes payable | 12,761 | 10,648 | |||||||
Unearned revenue | 40,619 | 40,897 | |||||||
Interest rate swaps | 23,497 | 10,835 | |||||||
Securities sold but not yet purchasedat market value | 7,037 | 12,837 | |||||||
Senior credit facilities and subordinated notes | 1,383,965 | 1,386,071 | |||||||
Deferred income taxesnet | 204,855 | 216,903 | |||||||
Total liabilities | 2,559,350 | 2,540,183 | |||||||
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 9) | |||||||||
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY: | |||||||||
Common stock, $.001 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 86,475,344 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2008, and 86,249,612 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2007 | 86 | 86 | |||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 666,766 | 664,568 | |||||||
Stockholder loans | (1,256 | ) | (1,242 | ) | |||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes | (14,281 | ) | (6,512 | ) | |||||
Retained earnings | 101,931 | 90,266 | |||||||
Total stockholders' equity | 753,246 | 747,166 | |||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 3,312,596 | $ | 3,287,349 | |||||
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
1
LPL INVESTMENT HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(UNAUDITED)
(Dollars in thousands)
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Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2008 |
2007 |
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REVENUES: | ||||||||
Commissions | $ | 420,645 | $ | 299,281 | ||||
Advisory fees | 216,277 | 156,500 | ||||||
Asset-based fees | 88,607 | 52,892 | ||||||
Transaction and other fees | 58,477 | 39,113 | ||||||
Interest income | 9,060 | 7,910 | ||||||
Other | 5,581 | 7,021 | ||||||
Total revenues | 798,647 | 562,717 | ||||||
EXPENSES: | ||||||||
Commissions and advisory fees | 547,469 | 388,134 | ||||||
Compensation and benefits | 92,709 | 47,281 | ||||||
Promotional | 27,182 | 14,061 | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 23,622 | 17,689 | ||||||
Occupancy and equipment | 14,800 | 7,906 | ||||||
Professional services | 11,097 | 4,473 | ||||||
Communications and data processing | 10,169 | 5,758 | ||||||
Regulatory fees and expenses | 5,952 | 3,992 | ||||||
Brokerage, clearing, and exchange | 5,862 | 4,952 | ||||||
Travel and entertainment | 4,319 | 2,450 | ||||||
Other | 4,486 | 2,224 | ||||||
Total noninterest expenses | 747,667 | 498,920 | ||||||
Interest expense from brokerage operations and mortgage lending | 514 | 119 | ||||||
Interest expense from senior credit facilities and subordinated notes | 30,167 | 30,627 | ||||||
Total expenses | 778,348 | 529,666 | ||||||
INCOME BEFORE PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES | 20,299 | 33,051 | ||||||
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES | 8,634 | 14,564 | ||||||
NET INCOME | $ | 11,665 | $ | 18,487 | ||||
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
2
LPL INVESTMENT HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)
(Dollars in thousands)
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Common Stock |
Additional Paid-In Capital |
Stockholder Loans |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
Retained Earnings |
Total Stockholders' Equity |
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BALANCEDecember 31, 2006 | $ | 83 | $ | 591,254 | $ | | $ | 1,938 | $ | 33,642 | $ | 626,917 | |||||||||
Comprehensive income: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net income | 18,487 | 18,487 | |||||||||||||||||||
Change in unrealized losses on interest rate swaps, net of tax benefit of $836 | (1,297 | ) | (1,297 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income | 17,190 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle upon adoption of FIN 48, net of tax benefit of $2,101 | (4,445 | ) | (4,445 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Loans to stockholders | (1,720 | ) | (1,720 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation | 407 | 407 | |||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock for acquisitions (Note 3) | 1 | 12,652 | 12,653 | ||||||||||||||||||
BALANCEMarch 31, 2007 | $ | 84 | $ | 604,313 | $ | (1,720 | ) | $ | 641 | $ | 47,684 | $ | 651,002 | ||||||||
BALANCEDecember 31, 2007 | $ | 86 | $ | 664,568 | $ | (1,242 | ) | $ | (6,512 | ) | $ | 90,266 | $ | 747,166 | |||||||
Comprehensive income: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net income | 11,665 | 11,665 | |||||||||||||||||||
Change in unrealized losses on interest rate swaps, net of tax benefit of $4,893 | (7,769 | ) | (7,769 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income | 3,896 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options | 325 | 325 | |||||||||||||||||||
Tax benefit from stock options exercised | 432 | 432 | |||||||||||||||||||
Interest on loans to stockholders | (14 | ) | (14 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation | 815 | 815 | |||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of 143,884 shares of common stock | 4,000 | 4,000 | |||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase of 121,370 shares of common stock | (3,374 | ) | (3,374 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
BALANCEMarch 31, 2008 | $ | 86 | $ | 666,766 | $ | (1,256 | ) | $ | (14,281 | ) | $ | 101,931 | $ | 753,246 | |||||||
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
LPL INVESTMENT HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
(Dollars in thousands)
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Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2008 |
2007 |
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CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | |||||||||||
Net income | $ | 11,665 | $ | 18,487 | |||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||
Noncash items: | |||||||||||
Benefits received from retention plans (Note 11) | 3,573 | | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 23,622 | 17,689 | |||||||||
Amortization of debt issuance costs | 935 | 899 | |||||||||
Loss on disposal of fixed assets | | 90 | |||||||||
Share-based compensation | 815 | 407 | |||||||||
Provision for bad debts | 949 | 120 | |||||||||
Deferred income tax provision | (7,155 | ) | (5,419 | ) | |||||||
Other | 512 | (190 | ) | ||||||||
Mortgage loans held for sale: | |||||||||||
Originations of loans | | (33,011 | ) | ||||||||
Proceeds from sale of loans | | 28,319 | |||||||||
Gain on sale of loans | | (345 | ) | ||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||
Cash and securities segregated under federal and other regulations | 4,595 | (14,722 | ) | ||||||||
Receivable from customers | 23,191 | 4,263 | |||||||||
Receivable from product sponsors, broker-dealers and clearing organizations | 36,361 | 4,136 | |||||||||
Receivable from others | 4,526 | (3,751 | ) | ||||||||
Securities owned | (4,440 | ) | (2,003 | ) | |||||||
Securities borrowed | (2,012 | ) | 458 | ||||||||
Prepaid expenses | 5,956 | 2,585 | |||||||||
Other assets | (6,124 | ) | 1,847 | ||||||||
Drafts payable | 27,275 | 46,975 | |||||||||
Payable to customers | (24,860 | ) | (90,149 | ) | |||||||
Payable to broker-dealers and clearing organizations | 14,472 | 8,936 | |||||||||
Accrued commissions and advisory fees payable | 10,863 | 6,798 | |||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 34,513 | 17,414 | |||||||||
Income taxes payable/receivable | 2,113 | 3,362 | |||||||||
Unearned revenue | (278 | ) | 2,356 | ||||||||
Securities sold but not yet purchased | (5,800 | ) | (8,706 | ) | |||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 155,267 | 6,845 | |||||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | |||||||||||
Acquisitions, net of existing cash balance of $14,124 | | (63,270 | ) | ||||||||
Capital expenditures | (18,453 | ) | (10,462 | ) | |||||||
Proceeds from disposal of fixed assets | | 41 | |||||||||
Purchase of other securities classified as held-to-maturity | (507 | ) | (1,216 | ) | |||||||
Proceeds from maturity of other securities classified as held-to-maturity | 1,000 | 2,004 | |||||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (17,960 | ) | (72,903 | ) | |||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | |||||||||||
Repayment of bank loans | (40,000 | ) | | ||||||||
Repayment of senior credit facilities | (2,106 | ) | (1,986 | ) | |||||||
Excess tax benefit associated with stock options exercises | 432 | | |||||||||
Loans to stockholders | | (1,720 | ) | ||||||||
Proceeds from stock options exercised | 325 | | |||||||||
Proceeds from warehouse line of credit | | 32,994 | |||||||||
Repayment from warehouse line of credit | | (28,276 | ) | ||||||||
Issuance of common stock | 4,000 | | |||||||||
Repurchase of common stock | (3,374 | ) | | ||||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (40,723 | ) | 1,012 | ||||||||
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | 96,584 | (65,046 | ) | ||||||||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTSBeginning of period | 188,003 | 245,163 | |||||||||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTSEnd of period | $ | 284,587 | $ | 180,117 | |||||||
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
LPL INVESTMENT HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)
(UNAUDITED)
(Dollars in thousands)
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Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2008 |
2007 |
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SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION: | |||||||||||
Interest paid | $ | 16,079 | $ | 16,380 | |||||||
Income taxes paid | $ | 15,703 | $ | 16,620 | |||||||
NONCASH DISCLOSURE: | |||||||||||
Increase in unrealized loss on interest rate swaps, net of tax benefit of $4,893 and $836 for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 | $ | (7,769 | ) | $ | (1,297 | ) | |||||
Capital expenditures purchased through short-term credit | $ | 2,361 | |||||||||
Income taxes payable recorded as a cumulative effect of change in accounting principle upon the adoption of FIN 48 net of tax benefit of $2,101 | $ | (4,445 | ) | ||||||||
Acquisition: | |||||||||||
Fair value of assets acquired | $ | 110,409 | |||||||||
Cash paid for common stock acquired | (78,042 | ) | |||||||||
Common stock issued for acquisition | (11,409 | ) | |||||||||
Liabilities assumed | $ | 20,958 | |||||||||
Common stock issued to satisfy accrued liability | $ | 1,244 | |||||||||
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
LPL INVESTMENT HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
1. ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY
LPL Investment Holdings Inc. ("LPLIH"), a Delaware holding corporation, together with its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company") is a provider of brokerage, investment advisory, and infrastructure services to independent financial advisors ("IFAs") and Financial Institutions who employ financial advisors in the United States of America ("Financial Institutions") (collectively, IFAs and financial advisors employed at or otherwise affiliated with Financial Institutions are defined as "FAs"). The Company provides access to a broad array of financial products and services for FAs, to market to their clients, as well as a technology and service platform to enable FAs to more efficiently operate their practices.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Quarterly ReportingThese unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information pursuant to the instructions of Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X, and should be read in conjunction with the Company's 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Accordingly, significant accounting policies and other disclosures normally provided have been omitted since such items are disclosed therein.
In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (including normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position as of March 31, 2008, the results of operations for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2008 and March 31, 2007, and the cash flows for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2008 and March 31, 2007. Operating results for the three-month period ended March 31, 2008 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2008.
ConsolidationThese unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of LPLIH and its subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. Equity investments in which the Company exercises significant influence but does not exercise control and is not the primary beneficiary are accounted for using the equity method.
Reportable SegmentsIn January 2008, the Company completed the first stage of developing its internal reporting on its three new service channels (Independent Advisor Services "IAS", Institution Services "IS", and Custom Clearing Services "CCS"). Its service channels were formed in the latter half of 2007 as part of a management re-organization designed to enhance the services provided to our financial advisors and to support future growth. The service channels qualify as individual operating segments under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 131, Disclosure about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information ("SFAS 131"), but are currently aggregated and reported on as one single reportable segment ("Advisor Services") due to their similar economic characteristics, products and services, production and distribution process, and regulatory environment. The Company has reclassified its prior period segment information to be consistent with the new segment reporting structure and the financial information reviewed by its chief operating decision maker. The Company is still in the process of developing its internal reporting, consequently, the segment reporting information included is subject to change. Refer to Note 12 for further details of the Company's operating segments.
Recently Issued Accounting PronouncementsWith the exception of the item discussed below, there have been no recent accounting pronouncements or changes in accounting pronouncements during the three months ended March 31, 2008, as compared to the recent accounting pronouncements described
6
LPL INVESTMENT HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (Continued)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)
in the Company's 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K, that are of significance, or potential significance, to the Company.
In March 2008, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ("SFAS 161"). SFAS 161 requires companies with derivative instruments to disclose information that should enable financial-statement users to understand how and why a company uses derivative instruments, how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, and how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect a company's financial position, financial performance and cash flows. SFAS 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the impact, if any, that SFAS 161 will have on its consolidated financial statements.
3. ACQUISITIONS (SPLIT ADJUSTED AS DISCUSSED IN NOTE 14)
The Company completed three significant acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2007, as follows:
Acquisition of UVEST Financial Services Group
On January 2, 2007, the Company completed its acquisition of UVEST Financial Services Group, Inc. ("UVEST"), augmenting the Company's position in providing services to banks, credit unions, and other financial institutions. In accordance with SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations ("SFAS 141"), the acquisition has been accounted for under the purchase method of accounting, which required the purchase price of approximately $89.45 million ($78.04 million in cash and the issuance of 603,660 shares of common stock at an estimated fair value of $18.90 per share) to be allocated to the specific tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair market values at the date of acquisition.
Acquisition of Pacific Select Group and its affiliated broker-dealers
On June 20, 2007, the Company acquired from Pacific Life Insurance Company all the outstanding membership interests of Pacific Select Group, LLC and its affiliated broker-dealers Mutual Service Corporation ("MSC"), Associated Financial Group, Inc. ("AFG") and Waterstone Financial Group, Inc. ("WFG"). In connection with the acquisition, Pacific Select Group changed its name to LPL Independent Advisor Services Group LLC (collectively "IASG"). The acquisition strengthens the Company's position as a leading independent broker-dealer in the United States. In accordance with SFAS 141, the acquisition has been accounted for under the purchase method of accounting, which required the purchase price, estimated to be approximately $120.48 million ($63.34 million in cash and the issuance of 2,645,500 shares of common stock with an estimated fair value of $21.60 per share) to be allocated to the specific tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair market values at the date of acquisition.
7
LPL INVESTMENT HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (Continued)
3. ACQUISITIONS (SPLIT ADJUSTED AS DISCUSSED IN NOTE 14) (Continued)
Acquisition of IFMG
On November 7, 2007, the Company acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of IFMG Securities, Inc., Independent Financial Marketing Group, Inc., and LSC Insurance Agency of Arizona, Inc. (collectively "IFMG") from Sun Life Financial, Inc. and Sun Life Financial (U.S.) Holdings, Inc. (collectively "Sun Life"). The acquisition was performed solely for the purpose of transferring IFMG's relationships with financial institution clients to other broker-dealers of the Company. The acquisition has been accounted for in conjunction with SFAS 141 under the purchase method of accounting, with certain liabilities recognized for the Shutdown Plan in accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") Issue 95-3, Recognition of Liabilities in Connection with a Purchase Business Combination. Initial purchase consideration of $25.69 million was allocated to the specific tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair market values at the date of acquisition. In addition to the initial purchase price, the acquisition provides for post-closing payments over the next two years of approximately $5.00 million, based on the successful recruitment and retention of certain customer relationships.
4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements ("SFAS 157"), which defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. SFAS 157 establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:
The Company's adoption of SFAS 157 did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. The Company has segregated all financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (at least annually) into the most appropriate level within the fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used to determine the fair value at the measurement date in the table below. FASB Staff Position FAS 157-2 delayed the effective date for all nonfinancial assets and liabilities until January 1, 2009, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis.
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company also adopted SFAS No. 159, the Fair Value Option of Financial Assets and Financial LiabilitiesIncluding an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115, which
8
LPL INVESTMENT HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (Continued)
4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Continued)
provides entities the option to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. Entities that choose the fair value option will recognize unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option was elected in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. The Company has currently chosen not to elect the fair value option for any items that are not already required to be measured at fair value in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below (in thousands):
|
March 31, 2008 |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Level 1 |
Level 2 |
Level 3 |
Fair Value Measurements |
||||||||||
Assets | ||||||||||||||
Marketable securities(a) | $ | 19,246 | $ | | $ | | $ | 19,246 | ||||||
Deferred compensation assetsCompany owned life insurance(b) | 560 | 560 | ||||||||||||
Deferred compensation assetsOther(b) | 3,175 | 3,175 | ||||||||||||
Total assets at fair value | $ | 22,421 | $ | 560 | $ | | $ | 22,981 | ||||||
Liabilities | ||||||||||||||
Securities sold but not yet purchasedat market value(a) | $ | 7,037 | $ | | $ | | $ | 7,037 | ||||||
Deferred compensation liabilitiesCompany owned life insurance(b) | 660 | 660 | ||||||||||||
Deferred compensation liabilitiesOther(b) | 3,092 | 3,092 | ||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps(c) | | 23,497 | | 23,497 | ||||||||||
Total liabilities at fair value | $ | 10,129 | $ | 24,157 | $ | | $ | 34,286 | ||||||
9
LPL INVESTMENT HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (Continued)
5. INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The components of intangible assets as of March 31, 2008 are as follows (in thousands):
|
Gross carrying value |
Accumulated amortization |
Net carrying value |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Advisor relationships | $ | 471,551 | $ | (50,194 | ) | $ | 421,357 | ||
Product sponsor relationships | 233,663 | (24,612 | ) | 209,051 | |||||
Trust clients relationships | 2,630 | (422 | ) | 2,208 | |||||
Total | $ | 707,844 | $ | (75,228 | ) | $ | 632,616 | ||
Total amortization expense of intangible assets was $9.52 million and $8.02 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Amortization expense for each of the fiscal years ended December 2008 through 2012 and thereafter is estimated as follows (in thousands):
2008remainder | $ | 28,594 | |
2009 | 37,647 | ||
2010 | 36,829 | ||
2011 | 36,829 | ||
2012 | 36,538 | ||
Thereafter | 456,179 | ||
Total | $ | 632,616 | |
6. INCOME TAXES
The Company's effective income tax rate differs from the federal corporate tax rate of 35%, primarily as a result of state taxes, settlement contingencies, and nondeductible expenses for tax purposes. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.
7. INDEBTEDNESS
Senior Secured Credit FacilitiesThe Company's senior secured credit facilities are secured primarily through pledges of capital stock in its subsidiaries. Borrowings under the senior secured credit facilities bear interest at a base rate plus an applicable interest rate margin, depending on the Company's consolidated leverage ratio, its corporate family rating, and the source for the base rate. The Company's base rate is the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") and the applicable interest rate margin is 2.00%. The senior secured credit facilities are subject to certain financial and nonfinancial covenants. As of March 31, 2008, the Company was in compliance with all such covenants.
Senior Unsecured Subordinated NotesThe Company also has $550.00 million of senior unsecured subordinated notes due December 15, 2015. The notes bear interest at 10.75% per annum and interest payments are payable semiannually in arrears. The Company is not required to make mandatory redemption or sinking-fund payments with respect to the notes. The indenture underlying the senior
10
LPL INVESTMENT HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (Continued)
7. INDEBTEDNESS (Continued)
subordinated notes contains various restrictions with respect to the issuer, including one or more restrictions relating to limitations on liens, sale and leaseback arrangements, and funded debt of subsidiaries. Additionally, the senior subordinated notes are subject to certain financial and nonfinancial covenants. As of March 31, 2008, the Company was in compliance with all such covenants.
Revolving Line of CreditOn November 7, 2007, the Company borrowed against its available revolving line of credit facility, which provided the Company with $25.00 million for its acquisition of IFMG, and carries a borrowing rate of one-month LIBOR plus an interest rate margin of an additional 200 basis points.
Bank Loans PayableThe Company maintained uncommitted lines of credit, which have an unspecified limit, primarily dependent on the Company's ability to provide sufficient collateral. At December 31, 2007, the Company had a balance outstanding of $40.00 million. The lines were subsequently paid down in full on January 2, 2008.
The Company's outstanding borrowings were as follows (dollars in thousands):
|
|
March 31, 2008 |
December 31, 2007 |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Maturity |
Balance |
Interest Rate |
Balance |
Interest Rate |
||||||||||
Revolving credit | $ | 25,000 | 4.68 | %(6) | $ | 25,000 | 7.25 | %(2) | |||||||
Bank loans payable | (4) | 40,000 | 8.25 | (3) | |||||||||||
Senior secured notes: | |||||||||||||||
Unhedged | 6/28/2013 | 338,965 | 4.70 | (5) | 341,071 | 6.83 | (1) | ||||||||
Hedged with interest rate swaps | 6/28/2013 | 495,000 | 4.70 | (5) | 495,000 | 6.83 | (1) | ||||||||
Senior unsecured subordinated notes | 12/15/2015 | 550,000 | 10.75 | 550,000 | 10.75 | ||||||||||
Total borrowings | 1,408,965 | 1,451,071 | |||||||||||||
Less current borrowings (maturities within 12 months) | 33,424 | 73,424 | |||||||||||||
Long-term borrowingsnet of current portion | $ | 1,375,541 | $ | 1,377,647 | |||||||||||
11
LPL INVESTMENT HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (Continued)
7. INDEBTEDNESS (Continued)
The following summarizes borrowing activity in the revolving and margin credit facilities (dollars in thousands):
|
Three months ended March 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
|||||
Average balance outstanding | $ | 8,507 | $ | 1,489 | |||
Weighted-average interest rate | 4.24 | % | 7.04 | % |
The minimum calendar year principal payments and maturities of borrowings as of March 31, 2008, are as follows (in thousands):
|
Senior Secured |
Line of Credit |
Senior Unsecured |
Total Amount |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2008remainder | $ | 6,318 | $ | 25,000 | $ | | $ | 31,318 | ||||
2009 | 8,424 | | | 8,424 | ||||||||
2010 | 8,424 | | | 8,424 | ||||||||
2011 | 8,424 | | | 8,424 | ||||||||
2012 | 8,424 | | | 8,424 | ||||||||
Thereafter | 793,951 | | 550,000 | 1,343,951 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 833,965 | $ | 25,000 | $ | 550,000 | $ | 1,408,965 | ||||
8. INTEREST RATE SWAPS
On January 30, 2006, the Company entered into five interest rate swap agreements (the "Swaps"). An interest rate swap is a financial derivative instrument whereby two parties enter into a contractual agreement to exchange payments based on underlying interest rates. The Company uses the Swaps to hedge the variability on its floating rate senior secured notes. The Company is required to pay the counterparty to the agreement fixed interest payments on a notional balance, and in turn, receives variable interest payments on that notional balance. Payments are settled quarterly on a net basis.
The following table summarizes information related to the Company's Swaps as of March 31, 2008 (dollars in thousands):
|
Notional Balance |
Fixed Pay Rate |
Variable Receive Rate(1) |
Fair Value |
Maturity Date |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Swap 1 | $ | 70,000 | 4.76 | % | 2.70 | % | $ | (362 | ) | June 30, 2008 | ||
Swap 2 | 95,000 | 4.77 | % | 2.70 | % | (2,946 | ) | June 30, 2009 | ||||
Swap 3 | 120,000 | 4.79 | % | 2.70 | % | (6,173 | ) | June 30, 2010 | ||||
Swap 4 | 145,000 | 4.83 | % | 2.70 | % | (9,312 | ) | June 30, 2011 | ||||
Swap 5 | 65,000 | 4.85 | % | 2.70 | % | (4,704 | ) | June 30, 2012 | ||||
$ | 495,000 | $ | (23,497 | ) | ||||||||
12
LPL INVESTMENT HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (Continued)
8. INTEREST RATE SWAPS (Continued)
Each of the Swaps listed above have been designated as cash flow hedges against specific payments due on the Company's senior secured notes. As of March 31, 2008, the Company assessed the Swaps as being highly effective and expects them to continue to be highly effective. Accordingly, the changes in fair value of the Swaps have been recorded as other comprehensive loss, with the fair value of the Swaps included as a liability on the Company's consolidated statements of financial condition. Based on current interest rate assumptions and assuming no additional Swaps are entered into, the Company expects to reclassify $10.40 million, or $6.02 million after tax, from other comprehensive loss as additional interest expense over the next 12 months.
9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Future minimum calendar-year payments for operating lease commitments with remaining terms greater than one year as of March 31, 2008, are approximately as follows (in thousands):
2008remainder | $ | 15,012 | |
2009 | 20,846 | ||
2010 | 19,136 | ||
2011 | 15,420 | ||
2012 | 12,813 | ||
Thereafter | 22,995 | ||
Total | $ | 106,222 | |
Total rental expense for all operating leases was approximately $5.14 million and $2.80 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
GuaranteesThe Company occasionally enters into certain types of contracts that contingently require it to indemnify certain parties against third-party claims. The terms of these obligations vary and, because a maximum obligation is not explicitly stated, the Company has determined that it is not possible to make an estimate of the amount that it could be obligated to pay under such contracts.
The Company, through its wholly owned affiliate LPL Financial Corporation ("LPL"), provides guarantees to securities clearing houses and exchanges under their standard membership agreements, which require a member to guarantee the performance of other members. Under these agreements, if a member becomes unable to satisfy its obligations to the clearing houses and exchanges, all other members would be required to meet any shortfall. The Company's liability under these arrangements is not quantifiable and may exceed the cash and securities it has posted as collateral. However, the potential requirement for the Company to make payments under these agreements is remote. Accordingly, no liability has been recognized for these transactions.
LitigationThe Company has been named as a defendant in various legal actions, including arbitrations. In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of such matters, particularly in cases in which claimants seek substantial or indeterminate damages, the Company cannot predict with certainty what the eventual loss or range of loss related to such matters will be. The Company believes, based on current knowledge, after consultation with counsel, and consideration of insurance, if any, that the outcome of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on its accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition, income, or cash flows.
13
LPL INVESTMENT HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (Continued)
9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued)
In November 2005, prior to the Company's acquisition of IASG, MSC received a "Wells" notice from the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA") Department of Enforcement. The staff alleged that MSC had failed to maintain adequate supervisory procedures regarding certain variable annuity transactions, and failed to maintain accurate books and records related thereto. On July 23, 2007, the staff filed a complaint against MSC and certain of its employees in connection with this matter. Pursuant to a contractual arrangement, the Company will be indemnified for such claims and future settlements related to such matters by the prior owners.
Other CommitmentsAs of March 31, 2008, the Company had received collateral primarily in connection with customer margin loans with a market value of approximately $485.11 million, which it can sell or repledge. Of this amount, approximately $182.92 million has been pledged or sold as of March 31, 2008; $126.70 million was pledged to a bank in connection with an unutilized secured margin line of credit, $25.96 million was pledged to various clearing organizations, and $30.26 million was loaned to the Depository Trust Company ("DTC") through participation in its Stock Borrow Program. As of March 31, 2007, the Company had received collateral primarily in connection with customer margin loans with a market value of approximately $385.57 million, which it can sell or repledge. Of this amount, approximately $153.70 million has been pledged or sold as of March 31, 2007: $100.88 million was pledged to a bank in connection with an unutilized secured margin line of credit, $36.23 million was pledged to various clearing organizations, and $16.59 million was loaned to the DTC through participation in its Stock Borrow Program.
10. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (SPLIT ADJUSTED)
Certain employees, officers, and directors participate in stock option plans of the Company (the "2005 Plans"). The Company's FAs participate in a stock bonus plan. The terms of these plans are set forth in the 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The Company adopted a 2008 incentive stock option plan (the "2008 Plan") effective January 1, 2008. Eligible participants include employees, officers, directors and consultants who make a significant contribution to the success of the Company. Subject to the approval of the Company's compensation committee, the 2008 Plan provides for an allocation of up to 2% of the outstanding stock (determined at such date on a fully diluted basis), with an additional 2% available on the first anniversary, and an additional 21/2% available on the second and third anniversaries. Notwithstanding the foregoing, unless otherwise specified by the Board, the percentage increases provided in each of the first, second and third anniversaries shall be reduced by the amount of stock options or warrants that are made available under any equity incentive plan established by the Company for the benefit of non-employee advisers to the Company. The exercise price of a stock option is equal to the fair market value of the stock on the grant date. Stock options vest in equal increments of 20% over a five-year period, and expire on the 10th anniversary following the date of grant. Collectively, the 2005 Plans and the 2008 Plan are referred to herein as the "stock option plans".
Stock Option Plans
On January 1, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS No. 123R (Revised), Share-Based Payment, ("SFAS 123R"). SFAS 123R requires the recognition of the fair value of share-based compensation in net income. The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense over the requisite service period of the individual grants, which generally equals the vesting period. Prior to January 1, 2006, the
14
LPL INVESTMENT HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (Continued)
10. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (SPLIT ADJUSTED) (Continued)
Company accounted for employee equity awards using APB Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, ("APB 25") and related interpretations in accounting for share-based compensation. The Company has adopted the provisions of SFAS 123R using the prospective transition method, whereby it will continue to account for nonvested equity awards to employees outstanding prior to January 1, 2006, using APB 25, and apply SFAS 123R to all awards granted or modified after that date.
The Company recognized $0 and $350,000 of share based compensation for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, under APB 25 related to the vesting of stock options awarded to employees prior to January 1, 2006. The Company also recognized $815,000 and $57,000 of share-based compensation under SFAS 123R related to stock options awarded to employees during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. As of March 31, 2008, total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested share-based compensation arrangements granted was $20.58 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 5.76 years. Under SFAS 123R, the Company calculates the compensation cost for stock options based on its estimated fair value. As there are no observable market prices for identical or similar instruments, the Company estimates fair value using a Black-Scholes valuation model. See the 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of the Company's methodology for each of the assumptions used in the valuation model.
The following table presents the weighted-average assumptions used by the Company in calculating the fair value of stock options with the Black-Scholes valuation model for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007:
|
Three months ended March 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
|||||
Expected life (in years) | 5.99 | 6.48 | |||||
Expected stock price volatility | 30.74 | % | 33.04 | % | |||
Expected dividend yield | | | |||||
Annualized forfeiture rate | 1.00 | % | 0.27 | % | |||
Fair value of options | $ | 9.77 | $ | 8.36 | |||
Risk-free interest rate | 2.71 | % | 5.24 | % |
The following table summarizes the Company's activity in its stock option plans for the three months ended March 31, 2008:
|
Number of Shares |
Weighted-Average Exercise Price |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Options outstandingDecember 31, 2007 | 21,748,080 | $ | 2.46 | ||
Granted | 1,441,000 | 27.80 | |||
Exercised | (203,218 | ) | 1.60 | ||
Forfeited | (78,112 | ) | 7.34 | ||
Options outstandingMarch 31, 2008 | 22,907,750 | $ | 4.05 | ||
Options exercisableMarch 31, 2008 | 20,656,000 | $ | 1.67 | ||
15
LPL INVESTMENT HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (Continued)
10. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (SPLIT ADJUSTED) (Continued)
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding:
|
Outstanding as of March 31, 2008 |
Exercisable as of March 31, 2008 |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Range of Exercise Prices |
Total Number of Shares |
Weighted- Average Remaining Life (Years) |
Weighted- Average Exercise Price |
Number of Shares |
Weighted- Average Exercise Price |
||||||||
At March 31, 2008: | |||||||||||||
$1.07-$2.38 | 20,615,590 | 4.89 | $ | 1.64 | 20,615,590 | $ | 1.64 | ||||||
$10.30-$18.90 | 232,010 | 8.70 | 16.43 | 40,410 | 15.41 | ||||||||
$21.60-$27.80 | 2,060,150 | 9.72 | 26.76 | | | ||||||||
22,907,750 | 5.36 | $ | 4.05 | 20,656,000 | $ | 1.67 | |||||||
Stock Bonus Plan
The Company's FAs participate in a stock bonus plan, which provides for the grant and allocation of up to 7,716,930 bonus credits. Each bonus credit represents the right to receive shares of common stock in the Company. Participation in the stock bonus plan is dependent upon meeting certain eligibility criteria, and shares are allocated to eligible participants based on certain performance metrics, including amount and type of commissions as well as tenure with the firm. Bonus credits vest annually in equal increments of 331/3% over a three-year period commencing in 2006 and expire on the 10th anniversary following the date of grant. Vested bonus credits convert into shares of common stock only upon the occurrence of a Company sale that constitutes a change in control or subsequent to an initial public offering. Unvested bonus credits held by FAs who terminate prior to vesting will be forfeited and may be reallocated to other FAs eligible under the plan. A summary of the stock bonus plan for the three months ended March 31, 2008, is as follows (split adjusted):
OutstandingDecember 31, 2007 | 7,474,320 | ||
Granted | | ||
Exercised | | ||
Canceled | (25,290 | ) | |
OutstandingMarch 31, 2008 | 7,449,030 | ||
The Company accounts for bonus credits granted to its FAs in accordance with EITF No. 96-18, Accounting for Equity Instruments That Are Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services, and measures such grants at their then-current lowest aggregate value. Since the value is contingent upon the Company's decision to sell itself or perform an initial public offering, the current aggregate value will be zero until such event occurs. Upon the occurrence of such an event, the Company will record an expense related to the vested portion of the stock bonus plan and accrue the remaining portion over the remainder of the vesting period.
11. EMPLOYEE AND ADVISOR BENEFIT PLANS
The Company has a 401(k) defined contribution plan. All employees meeting minimum age and length of service requirements are eligible to participate. The Company has an employer matching program whereby employer contributions are made to the 401(k) plan in an amount equal to 50% of
16
LPL INVESTMENT HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (Continued)
11. EMPLOYEE AND ADVISOR BENEFIT PLANS (Continued)
the lesser of the amount designated by the employee for withholding and contribution to the 401(k) plan or 10% of the employee's total compensation. The Company's total cost under the 401(k) plan was $1.23 million and $823,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
On January 1, 2008, the Company adopted a non-qualified deferred compensation plan for the purpose of attracting and retaining FAs who operate, for tax purposes, as independent contractors, by providing an opportunity for participating FAs to defer receipt of a portion of their gross commissions generated primarily from commissions earned on the sale of various products. The deferred compensation plan has been fully funded to date by participant contributions. Plan assets are invested in mutual funds, which are held by the Company in a Rabbi Trust and accounted for in accordance with EITF Issue No. 97-14, Accounting for Deferred Compensation Arrangements Where Amounts Earned Are Held in a Rabbi Trust and Invested ("EITF 97-14"). The liability for benefits accrued under the non-qualified deferred compensation plan totaled $3.09 million at March 31, 2008, and is included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition. The cash values of the related trust assets was $3.17 million at March 31, 2008, which is included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition.
The UVEST Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan (the "Compensation Plan"), which is available to certain executives of UVEST, is a supplemental retirement program that allows these executives to make pretax contributions above amounts allowed in qualified plans. No contributions have been made by the Company since the acquisition of UVEST. The Compensation Plan has been fully funded to date by participant contributions. Plan assets are invested in Corporate Owned Life Insurance, which are held by the Company in a Rabbi Trust and accounted for in accordance with EITF 97-14. As of March 31, 2008, the Company has recorded an asset of approximately $560,000 and a liability of $660,000 related to this plan, which is included in other assets and accounts payable and accrued liabilities, respectively, in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition.
Certain FAs, employees and officers of the IASG broker-dealer subsidiaries participated in deferred compensation plans provided by Pacific Life Insurance Company. The plans permitted participants to defer portions of their compensation and earn interest on the deferred amounts. The interest rate was determined annually. The assets of the plans are held in a Rabbi Trust and accounted for in accordance with EITF 97-14. The plans ceased on June 20, 2007. Deferred compensation in the amount of $3.91 million is included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition for the year ended March 31, 2008.
In conjunction with the sale of IASG to the Company, Pacific Life Insurance Company committed to provide retention plan distributions to employees and FAs of IASG's broker-dealer subsidiaries that remain with the Company through March 31, 2008. Benefits received by the Company are recorded as commission and compensation expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Benefits received under the plans totaled $3.11 million during the three months ended March 31, 2008. The retention plan distributions were made on March 31, 2008 pursuant to the terms of the purchase and sale agreement.
In accordance with the sale of IFMG to the Company, Sun Life committed to provide retention plan distributions to employees of IFMG's broker-dealer subsidiaries that remain with the Company. Benefits received by the Company are recorded as compensation expense in the accompanying
17
LPL INVESTMENT HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (Continued)
11. EMPLOYEE AND ADVISOR BENEFIT PLANS (Continued)
consolidated statements of income. Benefits received under the plans totaled $464,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2008.
12. SEGMENT INFORMATION
As discussed in Note 2, the Company currently believes that its operating segments (IAS, IS, and CCS) offer similar economic characteristics, similar products and services, a similar production and distribution process, and operate in a similar regulatory environment. In accordance with SFAS 131, the Company has combined its operating segments into one reportable segment, "Advisor Services". The Company's chief operating decision maker (the Chief Executive Officer) currently evaluates the performance of its segments based on earnings, excluding indirect costs and costs not managed by the segment manager (the Company's service channel presidents). Such financial information is derived from the Company's internal management reporting system, which does not currently include indirect costs such as compensation and related costs for shared corporate functions (e.g. legal, accounting, finance and human capital), as well as other corporate and shared costs such as occupancy, equipment, interest, depreciation and certain promotional, travel and professional expenses. These costs are presented below as "Unallocated" in reconciling the Company's measure of earnings from its Advisor Services segment to its condensed consolidated financial statements. Balance sheet disclosure information pursuant to SFAS 131 is not presented because the chief operating decision maker does not obtain this information on a segment basis when making decisions about resources or assessing operating segment performance.
The following table presents the Company's segment information as reviewed by its chief operating decision maker and a reconciliation to the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements, including the reclassification of the results presented for March 31, 2007 for comparability to the current period presentation, as discussed in Note 2 (in thousands):
|
Advisor Services |
Unallocated |
Total |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Three months ended March 31, 2008 | |||||||||
Revenues | $ | 798,647 | $ | | $ | 798,647 | |||
Production expense(1) | 553,331 | | 553,331 | ||||||
Gross margin | 245,316 | | 245,316 | ||||||
General and administrative expense | 82,638 | 88,076 | 170,714 | ||||||
EBITDA | $ | 162,678 | $ | (88,076 | ) | $ | 74,602 | ||
Three months ended March 31, 2007(2) | |||||||||
Revenues | $ | 562,717 | $ | | $ | 562,717 | |||
Production expense(1) | 393,086 | | 393,086 | ||||||
Gross margin | 169,631 | | 169,631 | ||||||
General and administrative expense | 66,372 | 21,773 | 88,145 | ||||||
EBITDA(3) | $ | 103,259 | $ | (21,773 | ) | $ | 81,486 | ||
18
LPL INVESTMENT HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (Continued)
12. SEGMENT INFORMATION (Continued)
Revenues from the Company's significant products and services consisted of the following (in thousands):
|
For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
|||||
Commission revenues: | |||||||
Annuities | $ | 204,742 | $ | 129,023 | |||
Mutual funds | 135,032 | 100,037 | |||||
Other | 80,871 | 70,221 | |||||
Total commission revenues | 420,645 | 299,281 | |||||
Advisory fees | 216,277 | 156,500 | |||||
Asset-based fees | 88,607 | 52,892 | |||||
Fee revenues | 40,156 | 25,536 | |||||
Transaction revenues | 18,321 | 13,577 | |||||
Interest income | 9,060 | 7,910 | |||||
Other | 5,581 | 7,021 | |||||
Total revenues | $ | 798,647 | $ | 562,717 | |||
13. NET CAPITAL/REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
The Company's registered broker-dealers are subject to the Securities and Exchange Commission's ("SEC") Uniform Net Capital Rule (Rule 15c3-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), which requires the maintenance of minimum net capital, as defined. Net capital is calculated for each broker-dealer subsidiary individually. Excess net capital of one broker-dealer subsidiary may not be used to offset a net capital deficiency of another broker-dealer subsidiary. Net capital and the related net capital requirement may fluctuate on a daily basis.
19
LPL INVESTMENT HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (Continued)
13. NET CAPITAL/REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS (Continued)
Net capital and net capital requirements for the Company's broker-dealer subsidiaries as of March 31, 2008, are presented in the following table (in thousands):
|
March 31, 2008 |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Net Capital |
Minimum Net Capital Required |
Excess Net Capital |
||||||
LPL Financial Corporation | $ | 62,279 | $ | 8,303 | $ | 53,976 | |||
UVEST Financial Services Group, Inc. | 6,421 | 2,296 | 4,125 | ||||||
Mutual Service Corporation | 8,274 | 1,833 | 6,441 | ||||||
Associated Securities Corp. | 2,473 | 250 | 2,223 | ||||||
Waterstone Financial Group, Inc. | 4,191 | 544 | 3,647 | ||||||
IFMG Securities, Inc. | 10,761 | 250 | 10,511 | ||||||
Total | $ | 94,399 | $ | 13,476 | $ | 80,923 | |||
LPL is a clearing broker-dealer, and the remaining subsidiaries are introducing broker-dealers.
14. STOCK SPLIT
The Company affected a ten-for-one stock split as of January 1, 2008, with all fractional shares being rounded down to the nearest whole share. In accordance with the SEC's Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 4C, all per share amounts, average shares outstanding, and shares outstanding have been adjusted retroactively to reflect the stock split.
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward Looking Statements
This section and other parts of this Form 10-Q contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements can also be identified by words such as "anticipates," "expects," "believes," "plans," "predicts," and similar terms. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and the Company's actual results may differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the subsection entitled "Risk Factors" in Part I1, Item 1A of this report. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, and the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q.
Our Business
We are a leading provider of technology and infrastructure services to IFAs and to Financial Institutions. We provide access to a broad array of financial products and services for our FAs to market to their customers, as well as a comprehensive technology and service platform to enable our FAs to more efficiently operate their practices. Our strategy is to build long-term relationships with our Financial Institutions and FAs by offering innovative technologies and high-quality services that will enable them to nurture and grow their customer base.
Our revenues are primarily derived from commissions and fees from products and advisory services offered by our FAs to their customers, a substantial portion of which we pay to Financial Institutions and our FAs. Furthermore, we also receive fees from product manufacturers as well as various administrative fees from Financial Institutions, our FAs, and their customers for the use of our proprietary technology and service platform.
Our business model, together with our scale, allows us to gain significant recurring revenue. For the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, our recurring revenues were 60.7% and 58.5%, respectively, of overall revenue. This recurring revenue comes from advisory fees charged to customers, asset-based fees, 12b-1 fees, fees related to our cash sweep programs, interest earned on margin accounts, and technology and service fees charged to our FAs.
Matters that May Affect Comparability
We have made and will continue to consider acquisitions to supplement our organic growth. We intend to strengthen our position in the industry through additional strategic acquisitions and we believe that these acquisitions will enhance our ability to increase the number of FAs as well as broaden our portfolio of products and services. Future acquisitions may be funded through the issuance of debt, existing cash, equity securities or a combination thereof.
On June 20, 2007, we acquired all the outstanding membership interests of IASG, strengthening our position as a leading independent broker-dealer in the United States. Total purchase consideration was $120.48 million ($63.34 million in cash and the issuance of 2,645,500 shares of common stock with an estimated fair value of $21.60 per share), a portion of which was financed with borrowings against our senior secured credit facilities.
On November 7, 2007, we acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of IFMG, further expanding our reach in offering financial services to banks, savings and loan institutions, and credit unions nationwide. Purchase consideration paid at closing was $25.69 million, and was financed with borrowings against our revolving credit facility. In addition to the initial purchase price, the acquisition provides for post-closing payments over the next two and a half years totaling approximately
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$5.00 million, based primarily on the successful recruitment and retention of certain customer relationships. These post-closing payments will be recorded as additional consideration when made.
Collectively, the acquisitions of IASG and IFMG are referred to herein as our "acquisitions".
On December 31, 2007 we ceased the operations of our subsidiary Innovex Mortgage inc. ("Innovex"). Prior to that date, Innovex provided comprehensive mortgage services for the residential properties of our IFAs' clients. Innovex enabled our IFAs to build relationships by offering their clients mortgage solutions by originating, underwriting and funding a variety of mortgage and home equity loan products to suit the needs of the borrowers. Through Innovex, we provided mortgage brokerage and lending services in 46 states and the District of Columbia. Innovex originated residential mortgage loans internally through a warehouse line of credit facility or externally as a broker for other banks.
The discussion below relating to our operating results represents our analysis of significant changes or events that impact the comparability of reported amounts. Where appropriate, we have identified specific events and changes that affect comparability or trends (such as our acquisitions) and, where possible and practical, have quantified the impact of such items.
EBITDA
EBITDA is defined as net income plus interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization. EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure as defined by Regulation G under the Securities Act and does not purport to be an alternative to net income as a measure of operating performance or to cash flows from operating activities as a measure of liquidity. Additionally, EBITDA is not intended to be a measure of free cash flow available for our discretionary use as it does not consider certain cash requirements such as interest payments, tax payments and debt service requirements. We use EBITDA as a supplemental measure of our consolidated operating performance. We believe that EBITDA helps facilitate operating performance comparisons from period to period by backing out potential differences caused by variations in use of our debt, tax positions (such as the impact on periods for effective tax rates), depreciation of fixed assets and amortization expense of intangible assets recognized through purchase accounting in accordance with SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations. Because not all companies use identical calculations, these presentations of EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. EBITDA should be considered in addition to, rather than as a substitute for, pre-tax income, net income and cash flows from operating activities.
Set forth below is a computation of EBITDA and a reconciliation of EBITDA to net income, the most closely analogous GAAP measure:
|
Three months ended March 31, |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
||||
|
(in thousands) |
|||||
Net income | $ | 11,665 | $ | 18,487 | ||
Interest expense | 30,681 | 30,746 | ||||
Income tax expense | 8,634 | 14,564 | ||||
Depreciation and amortization | 23,622 | 17,689 | ||||
EBITDA | $ | 74,602 | $ | 81,486 | ||
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Factors That May Affect Future Operating Results
The following factors may affect our financial performance:
Recruitment and Development of Financial Advisors
Our revenues are impacted by our ability to grow our existing FAs' businesses and to continue to grow the number of our licensed FAs and Financial Institutions.
Recurring Revenue
One of our core strategic objectives is to earn a significant portion of our revenues from recurring sources. Our recurring revenues include advisory fees charged to customers, 12b-1 fees, asset-based fees, fees related to our cash sweep programs, interest earned on margin accounts and technology and service fees charged to our FAs. We believe these revenue sources are more stable and less dependent on market conditions than transaction-related commissions.
Our business model, together with our scale, allows us to support significant levels of recurring revenue. The proportion of our total revenue that is recurring has increased slightly from 58.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2007 to 60.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2008. The increase in recurring revenue is primarily attributable to significant increases in revenues related to our acquisitions of IASG, which accounted for an $86.01 million increase in total revenues, and IFMG which accounted for $33.30 million increase in total revenues.
In addition, the stability of our business is further enhanced by our limited reliance on margin lending. Our interest from margin lending represented only 0.9% and 1.1% of our total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Furthermore, we have experienced no losses from write-offs of margin loans over the past five years.
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The table below shows the recurring revenue components of our significant revenue categories for the periods indicated below:
|
% of Total Revenue Three Months Ended March 31, |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
||||
Advisory fee revenue | 27.1 | % | 27.8 | % | ||
Asset-based fee revenue | 11.1 | % | 9.4 | % | ||
12b-1 fee revenue | 10.3 | % | 9.5 | % | ||
Variable and group trail and life insurance renewal revenue | 6.0 | % | 5.2 | % | ||
Fee revenue | 5.1 | % | 4.7 | % | ||
Margin interest and other revenue | 1.1 | % | 1.9 | % | ||
Total recurring revenue | 60.7 | % | 58.5 | % | ||
Scale of Operations
As the size of our financial advisor base continues to expand, we will seek to further consolidate our buying power and lower our costs. With our increasing scale, we have an enhanced ability to economically invest in technology and broaden our value added services more efficiently across our financial advisor base. If successful, we expect to increase our profit margins, as well as those of our FAs.
General Economic and Market Factors
Our financial results are influenced by the willingness or ability of our FAs' customers to maintain or increase their investment activities in the financial products offered by our FAs. As a result, general economic and market factors can affect our commission and fee revenue. The performance of our business is correlated with the economy and financial markets, and a slowdown or downturn in the economy or financial markets could adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our discussion and analysis of our operating results as presented in the following tables are based on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity with GAAP. We believe that of our critical accounting policies, the following are noteworthy because they are based on estimates and assumptions that require complex, subjective judgments that can materially impact reported results. Changes in these estimates or assumptions could materially impact our financial condition and results of operation.
Commission Revenues and Expenses
We record commissions received from mutual funds, annuity, insurance, equity, fixed income, direct investment, option, and commodity transactions on a trade-date basis. Commissions also include mutual fund and variable annuity trails, which are recognized as a percentage of assets under management over the period for which services are performed. Due to the significant volume of mutual fund and variable annuity purchases and sales transacted by FAs directly with product manufacturers, management must estimate a portion of its upfront commission and trail revenues for each accounting period for which the proceeds have not yet been received. These estimates are based primarily on the volume of transactions in previous periods as well as cash receipts in the current period. Because we record commissions payable based upon standard payout ratios for each product as it accrues for
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commission revenue, any adjustment between actual and estimated commission revenue will be offset in part by the corresponding adjustment to commission expense.
Legal Reserves
We record reserves for legal proceedings in accounts payable and accrued liabilities in our consolidated statements of financial condition. The determination of these reserve amounts requires significant judgment on the part of management. Management considers many factors including, but not limited to, the amount of the claim, the amount of the loss in the customer's account, the basis and validity of the claim, the possibility of wrongdoing on the part of an FA, likely insurance coverage, previous results in similar cases, and legal precedents and case law. Each legal proceeding is reviewed with counsel in each accounting period and the reserve is adjusted as deemed appropriate by management. Any change in the reserve amount is recorded as professional services in our consolidated statements of income.
Income Taxes
In preparing the financial statements, we estimate the income tax expense based on the various jurisdictions where we conduct business. We must then assess the likelihood that the deferred tax assets will be realized. A valuation allowance is established to the extent that it is more likely than not that such deferred tax assets will not be realized. When we establish a valuation allowance or modify the existing allowance in a certain reporting period, we generally record a corresponding increase or decrease to tax expense in the consolidated statements of income. Management makes significant judgments in determining the provision for income taxes, the deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowances recorded against the deferred tax asset. Changes in the estimate of these taxes occur periodically due to changes in the tax rates, changes in the business operations, implementation of tax planning strategies, resolution with taxing authorities of issues where we have previously taken certain tax positions and newly enacted statutory, judicial and regulatory guidance. These changes, when they occur, affect accrued taxes and can be material to our operating results for any particular reporting period.
Additionally, we account for uncertain tax positions in accordance with FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxesan interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 ("FIN 48"). The application of income tax law is inherently complex. Laws and regulations in this area are voluminous and are often ambiguous. We are required to make many subjective assumptions and judgments regarding our income tax exposures. Interpretations of and guidance surrounding income tax laws and regulations change over time. As such, changes in our subjective assumptions and judgments can materially affect amounts recognized in our consolidated financial statements.
Valuation and Accounting for Financial Derivatives
We periodically use financial derivative instruments, such as interest rate swaps, to protect us against changing market prices or interest rates and the related impact to our assets, liabilities, or cash flows. We also evaluate our contracts and commitments for terms that qualify as embedded derivatives. All derivatives are reported at their corresponding fair value in our consolidated statements of financial condition.
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Financial derivative instruments expected to be highly effective hedges against changes in cash flows are designated as such upon entering into the agreement. At each reporting date, we reassess the effectiveness of the hedge to determine whether or not it can continue to use hedge accounting. Under hedge accounting, we record the increase or decrease in fair value of the derivative, net of tax impact, as other comprehensive income or losses. If the hedge is not determined to be a perfect hedge, yet still considered highly effective, we will calculate the ineffective portion and record the related change in its fair value as additional interest income or expense in the consolidated statements of income. Amounts accumulated in other comprehensive income are generally reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.
Share-Based Compensation
On January 1, 2006, we adopted SFAS 123R, which requires the recognition of the fair value of share-based compensation in net income. We recognize share-based compensation expense over the requisite service period of the individual grants, which generally equals the vesting period. Prior to January 1, 2006, we accounted for employee equity awards using APB 25 and related interpretations in accounting for share-based compensation. We adopted the provisions of SFAS 123R using the prospective transition method, whereby we will continue to account for nonvested equity awards to employees outstanding at December 31, 2005 using APB 25, and apply SFAS 123R to all awards granted or modified after that date.
Under SFAS 123R, we calculate compensation expense for stock options based on their estimated fair value. As there are no observable market prices for identical or similar instruments, we estimate fair value using a Black-Scholes valuation model.
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Operating Results for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 compared with the Three Months Ended March 31, 2007
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|
|
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
$ Change |
% Change |
|||||||||
|
(in thousands) |
||||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||||
Commissions | $ | 420,645 | $ | 299,281 | $ | 121,364 | 40.6 | % | |||||
Advisory fees | 216,277 | 156,500 | 59,777 | 38.2 | % | ||||||||
Asset-based fees | 88,607 | 52,892 | 35,715 | 67.5 | % | ||||||||
Transaction and other fees | 58,477 | 39,113 | 19,364 | 49.5 | % | ||||||||
Other | 14,641 | 14,931 | (290 | ) | (1.9 | )% | |||||||
Total revenues | 798,647 | 562,717 | 235,930 | 41.9 | % | ||||||||
Expenses | |||||||||||||
Production | 553,330 | 393,086 | 160,244 | 40.8 | % | ||||||||
Compensation and benefits | 92,709 | 47,281 | 45,428 | 96.1 | % | ||||||||
General and administrative | 73,520 | 38,640 | 34,880 | 90.3 | % | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 23,622 | 17,689 | 5,933 | 33.5 | % | ||||||||
Other | 4,486 | 2,224 | 2,262 | 101.7 | % | ||||||||
Total non-interest expenses | 747,667 | 498,920 | 248,747 | 49.9 | % | ||||||||
Interest expense from operations | 514 | 119 | 395 | 331.9 | % | ||||||||
Interest expense from senior credit facilities and subordinated notes | 30,167 | 30,627 | (460 | ) | (1.5 | )% | |||||||
Total expenses | 778,348 | 529,666 | 248,682 | 47.0 | % | ||||||||
Income before provision for income taxes | 20,299 | 33,051 | (12,752 | ) | (38.6 | )% | |||||||
Provision for income taxes | 8,634 | 14,564 | (5,930 | ) | (40.7 | )% | |||||||
Net income | $ | 11,665 | $ | 18,487 | $ | (6,822 | ) | (36.9 | )% | ||||
After five consecutive years of gains through 2007, the Standard & Poors 500 Index and Nasdaq Composite Index declined by 10% and 7.9%, respectively, in the first quarter of 2008. These declines impacted the Company's fee based business, which is based upon asset levels and economic uncertainty contributed to a general slowdown in commissions. During this period of equity market decline, flows increase into the money market and insured cash account products which in turn contributed to the large growth in asset-based fees.
During 2007 we completed three significant business combinations (UVEST, IASG and IFMG), and made several enhancements to our organizational structure. Consequently, additional focus and investments have been made to support and fuel core growth, which includes increased recruiting expenditures, and to adequately address the increased volumes added to the business in the prior year. These additional investments include strengthening of our systems infrastructure, adding significant staff to our service and operations groups, and strengthening our senior management team across the organization.
Total revenues increased $235.93 million, or 41.9%, for the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared to the corresponding period in the prior year. Our acquisitions resulted in a $119.31 million, or 50.6%, of the total revenue increase. Excluding acquisitions, the increase in revenue was driven by a 16.2% net increase in the number of overall FAs.
Our income before provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2008 was $20.30 million, down 38.6% from $33.05 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007.
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The following table sets forth our commission revenue by product category included in our condensed consolidated statements of income for the periods indicated (in millions):
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
% Total |
2007 |
% Total |
||||||||
Annuities | $ | 204.74 | 48.7 | % | $ | 129.02 | 43.1 | % | ||||
Mutual funds | 135.03 | 32.1 | % | 100.04 | 33.4 | % | ||||||
Insurance | 23.24 | 5.5 | % | 17.53 | 5.9 | % | ||||||
Alternative investments | 21.89 | 5.2 | % | 22.41 | 7.5 | % | ||||||
Equities | 20.32 | 4.8 | % | 19.06 | 6.4 | % | ||||||
Fixed income | 14.78 | 3.5 | % | 10.59 | 3.5 | % | ||||||
Other | 0.65 | 0.2 | % | 0.63 | 0.2 | % | ||||||
Total commission revenue | $ | 420.65 | 100.0 | % | $ | 299.28 | 100.0 | % | ||||
Revenues
Summary. In addition to the explanations provided below, in each case, the increase in revenue was mainly driven by an increase in our overall FA base (excluding our acquisitions), which increased 16.2%, from 8,039 as of March 31, 2007 to 9,339 as of March 31, 2008.
Commission revenue increased $121.36 million, or 40.6%, to $420.65 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared with $299.28 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007. Our acquisitions comprise $89.37 million or 73.6% of the increase. The remaining increase is primarily attributable to increased commissions on the sale of annuities and mutual funds. Commission revenues from the sale of annuities and mutual funds (excluding our acquisitions) grew $31.39 million, or 13.7%, for the three months ended March 31, 2008, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2007.
Advisory fees increased $59.78 million, or 38.2%, to $216.28 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared with $156.50 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007. Our acquisitions comprise $18.65 million, or 31.2% of the increase. The remaining increase was primarily due to higher asset balances in advisory programs, partially due to a trend among our FAs to provide a higher percentage of fee-based advisory services to their customers. Consequently, this trend is driving an increase in recurring revenues (excluding our acquisitions) as a percentage of total revenue.
Fees from cash sweep vehicles. Pursuant to contractual arrangements, uninvested cash balances in customer accounts are swept into either third-party money market funds or deposit accounts at various banks, for which we receive fees, including administrative and record keeping fees based on account type and the invested balances.
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Sponsorship fees. We receive fees from certain product manufacturers in connection with programs that support our marketing and sales-force education and training efforts.
Sub-transfer agency fees. We earn fees on mutual fund assets for which we provide administrative and recordkeeping services as a sub-transfer agent.
Networking fees. Our networking fees represent fees paid to us by mutual fund and annuity product manufacturers in exchange for administrative and recordkeeping services that we provide to customers of our FAs. Networking fees are correlated to the number of positions we administer, not the value of assets under administration.
Asset-based fees increased $35.72 million, or 67.5%, to $88.61 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared with $52.89 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007. Our acquisitions comprise $4.72 million, or 13.2% of the increase. The remaining increase was led by a $23.81 million increase in fees from our cash sweep vehicles primarily as a result of an 86.6% increase in customer balances, which increased from $9.70 billion as March 31, 2007, to $18.10 billion as of March 31, 2008.
Transaction fees and ticket charges. We charge fees for executing transactions in fee-based advisory customer accounts. We also charge ticket charges to our FAs for executing brokerage transactions.
Subscription fees. We earn subscription fees for the software and technology services that we provide to our FAs.
IRA custodian fees. We earn fees for the IRA custodial services we provide on customer accounts.
Financial advisor contract and license fees. We earn monthly administrative fees from all FAs licensed with us. We also charge our FAs regulatory licensing fees.
Conference fees. We charge product manufacturers fees for participating in our training and marketing conferences for our FAs.
Small/inactive account fees. We charge fees for services related to customer accounts that fail to meet certain specified thresholds of size or activity.
Transaction and other fees increased $19.36 million, or 49.5%, to $58.48 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared with $39.11 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007. Our acquisitions comprise $4.49 million, or 23.2% of the increase. The remaining increase is attributed primarily to the 16.2% growth in our overall FA base (excluding our acquisitions) and an increase in trade volume. Specifically, our total trade volume increased by 1.08 million, or 56.0%, to 3.01 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared with 1.93 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007, which is primarily attributable to an increase in the number of customer accounts.
Other revenue decreased $290,000, or 1.9%, to $14.64 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared with $14.93 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007. Through our mortgage affiliate Innovex, we recognized gains related to mortgage loans held for sale during the three months ended March 31, 2007 that did not recur in the same period in 2008 because we ceased the operations of Innovex on December 31, 2007.
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Expenses
Production expenses increased $160.24 million, or 40.8%, to $553.33 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared with $393.09 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007. Our acquisitions comprise $97.60 million, or 60.9% of the increase. The remaining increase was primarily attributable to higher payout products making up a larger share of commission and advisory revenue. This increase is consistent with the 16.0% increase in commission and advisory fee revenue, excluding our acquisitions.
Compensation and benefits increased $45.43 million, or 96.1%, to $92.71 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared with $47.28 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007. Our acquisitions comprise $13.67 million, or 30.1% of the increase. The remaining increase is primarily attributed to salaries and benefits which comprises $20.77 million, or 45.7% of the increase, excluding our acquisitions. The average number of full-time employees increased by 768, or 45.3%, to 2,464 for the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared to 1,696 for the three months ended March 31, 2007. With our acquisitions, our average number of full-time employees has increased by an additional 371.
General and administrative expenses increased $34.88 million, or 90.3%, to $73.52 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared with $38.64 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007. Our acquisitions comprise $8.66 million, or 24.8% of the increase. The remaining increase is attributable to increases of $11.30 million in promotional fees, $4.67 million in occupancy and equipment, and $4.79 million in professional fees, all of which are primarily attributable to our overall growth.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased $5.93 million, or 33.5%, to $23.62 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared with $17.69 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007. Our capital expenditures increased $7.99 million, to $18.45 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared to $10.46 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007, resulting in an increase in depreciation expense. In addition, depreciation and amortization recognized on recently acquired assets resulting from our acquisitions accounted for $1.45 million of the increase.
Other expenses increased $2.26 million, or 101.7%, to $4.49 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared with $2.22 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007. Our acquisitions comprise $1.85 million, or 82.0% of the increase.
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Interest expense decreased $65,000 to $30.68 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared with $30.75 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007, reflecting lower average interest rate on borrowings offset in part by an increase in the principal amount of debt outstanding (due to our acquisitions).
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
With the exception of the item discussed below, there have been no recent accounting pronouncements or changes in accounting pronouncements during the three months ended March 31, 2008, as compared to the recent accounting pronouncements described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, that are of significance, or potential significance, to us.
Additional Disclosures for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS 161, which requires companies with derivative instruments to disclose information that should enable financial-statement users to understand how and why a company uses derivative instruments, how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, and how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect a company's financial position, financial performance and cash flows. SFAS 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. We are currently evaluating the impact, if any, that SFAS 161 will have on our consolidated financial statements.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Summary of Changes in Cash and Cash Equivalents
Net cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, was $155.27 million and $6.85 million, respectively. The increase is largely attributable to operating cash levels associated with the deposit taking and margin lending activities of our customers, as well as the funding and settling of their transactions.
Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, was $17.96 million and $72.90 million, respectively. The decrease is principally due to our January 2, 2007 acquisition of UVEST, for which $63.27 million was paid during the period ended March 31, 2007, offset in part by a $7.99 million annual increase in capital expenditures.
Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2008 was $40.72 million as compared to net cash used in financial activities for the three months ended March 31, 2007 of $1.01 million. During fiscal year 2008, we repaid $40.00 million of bank loans.
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Operating Capital Requirements
Our primary requirement for working capital relates to funds we loan to customers for trading done on margin and funds we are required to maintain at clearing organizations to support customers' trading activities. We require that customers deposit funds with us in support of their trading activities and we hypothecate securities held as margin collateral, which we in turn use to lend to customers for margin transactions and deposit with our clearing organizations. These activities account for the majority of our working capital requirements, which are primarily funded directly or indirectly by customers. Our other working capital needs are primarily limited to regulatory capital requirements and software development, which we have satisfied in the past from internally generated cash flows.
Notwithstanding the self-funding nature of our operations, we may sometimes be required to fund timing differences arising from the delayed receipt of customer funds associated with the settlement of customer transactions in securities markets. Historically, these timing differences were funded either with internally generated cash flow or, if needed, with funds drawn under short-term borrowing facilities, including both committed unsecured lines of credit and uncommitted lines of credit secured by customer securities. We also may borrow up to $100.00 million for working capital and other general corporate purposes under the revolving credit facility which has been provided under our senior secured credit facilities. Currently, $10.00 million of such facility is being utilized to support the issuance of an irrevocable letter of credit issued for the benefit of The Private Trust Company, N.A ("PTC"). Additionally, LPL, one of our broker-dealer subsidiaries, continues to utilize uncommitted lines which are secured by customer securities to fund margin loans.
Our registered broker-dealers are subject to the SEC's Uniform Net Capital Rule, which requires the maintenance of minimum net capital. LPL and Associated Securities Corp., an introducing broker-dealer and wholly owned subsidiary of AFG, compute net capital requirements under the alternative method, which requires firms to maintain minimum net capital, as defined, equal to the greater of $250,000 or 2% of aggregate debit balances arising from customers' transactions, as defined. LPL is also subject to the Commodity Futures Trading Commission's ("CFTC") minimum financial requirements, which require that it maintain net capital, as defined, equal to 4% of customer funds required to be segregated pursuant to the Commodity Exchange Act, less the market value of certain commodity options, all as defined. UVEST, MSC and WFG all compute net capital requirements under the aggregate indebtedness method, which requires firms to maintain minimum net capital, as defined, of not less than 62/3% of aggregate indebtedness, also as defined.
PTC is subject to various regulatory capital requirements. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
Funding for purposes other than working capital requirements, including capital expenditures and acquisitions, has historically been provided for from internally generated cash flow. Future funding for these needs may also come from our new revolving credit facility.
Liquidity Assessment
We believe that, based on current levels of operations and anticipated growth, cash flow from operations, together with other available sources of funds, including revolving credit borrowings under our senior secured credit facilities, will be adequate to satisfy our working capital needs, the payment of all of our obligations, and the funding of anticipated capital expenditures, for the foreseeable future. Our conclusion is based on recent levels of net cash flow from our operations of approximately $155.27 million and the significant additional borrowing capacity that exists under our revolving credit facility.
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Our ability to meet our debt service obligations and reduce our total debt will depend upon our future performance which, in turn, will be subject to general economic, financial, business, competitive, legislative, regulatory, and other conditions, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, our operating results, cash flow and capital resources may not be sufficient for repayment of our indebtedness in the future. Some risks that could materially adversely affect our ability to meet our debt service obligations include, but are not limited to, general economic conditions and economic activity in the financial markets. The performance of our business is correlated with the economy and financial markets, and a slowdown or downturn in the economy or financial markets could adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.
If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay investments, seek additional capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness, including the senior unsecured subordinated notes as discussed below. These measures may not be successful and may not permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. In the absence of sufficient cash flows and capital resources, we could face substantial liquidity problems and might be required to dispose of material assets or operations to meet our debt service and other obligations. However, our new senior secured credit facilities and the indenture governing the notes offered hereby will restrict our ability to dispose of assets and the use of proceeds from any such dispositions. We may not be able to consummate those dispositions or to obtain the proceeds that we could realize from them and, in any event, the proceeds may not be adequate to meet any debt service obligations then due.
Indebtedness
As of March 31, 2008, we had outstanding $550.00 million of borrowings under our senior secured credit facilities and $833.97 million of senior unsecured subordinated notes. The senior secured credit facilities also include a $100.00 million revolving credit facility, $10.00 million of which is currently being utilized to support the issuance of an irrevocable letter of credit. As of March 31, 2008, $65.00 million was available for future borrowings. This facility expires on December 28, 2011. We also maintain uncommitted lines of credit, which have an unspecified limit, primarily dependent on our ability to provide sufficient collateral. Additionally, in an effort to mitigate interest rate risk, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement to hedge the variability on $495.00 million of our floating rate senior secured credit facilities.
Interest Rate and Fees
Borrowings under our senior secured credit facilities bear interest at a base rate equal to LIBOR plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin for borrowings is currently, (x) under the revolving credit facility, 1.00% with respect to base rate borrowings and 2.00% with respect to LIBOR borrowings and (y) under the senior secured term loan facility, 1.50% with respect to base rate borrowings and 2.50% with respect to LIBOR borrowings. The applicable margin on the senior secured term loan facility may be changed depending on what our leverage ratio is or how our credit is rated.
In addition to paying interest on outstanding principal under the senior secured credit facilities, we are required to pay a commitment fee to the lenders under the revolving credit facility in respect of the unutilized commitments thereunder. The commitment fee rate is currently 0.375% per annum, but is subject to change depending on our leverage ratio is. We must also pay customary letter of credit fees.
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Prepayments
The senior secured credit facilities (other than the revolving credit facility) will require us to prepay outstanding senior secured term loans, subject to certain exceptions, with:
The foregoing mandatory prepayments will be applied to scheduled installments of principal of the senior secured term loan facility in direct order.
We may voluntarily repay outstanding loans under the senior secured credit facilities at any time without premium or penalty, other than customary "breakage" costs with respect to LIBOR loans.
Amortization
We are required to repay the loans under the senior secured term loan facility in equal quarterly installments in aggregate annual amounts equal to 1% of the original funded principal amount of such facility, with the balance being payable on the final maturity date of such facility.
Principal amounts outstanding under the revolving credit facilities are due and payable in full at maturity.
Guarantee and Security. The senior secured facilities are secured primarily through pledges of the capital stock in our subsidiaries.
Certain Covenants and Events of Default
The senior secured credit facilities will contain a number of covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, our ability to:
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In addition, the senior secured credit facilities will require us to maintain the following financial covenants:
Interest Rate Swaps
On January 30, 2006, we entered into five interest rate swap agreements ("Swaps"). An interest rate swap is a financial derivative instrument whereby two parties enter into a contractual agreement to exchange payments based on underlying interest rates. We use the Swaps to hedge the variability on our floating rate for approximately $495.00 million of our senior secured notes. We are required to pay the counterparty to the agreement fixed interest payments on a notional balance, and in turn, receive variable interest payments on that notional balance. Payments are settled quarterly on a net basis. As of March 31, 2008, we assessed the Swaps as being highly effective and we expect them to continue to be highly effective. While approximately $338.97 million of our senior secured notes remain unhedged as of March 31, 2008, the risk of variability on our floating interest rate is mitigated by our margin interest loans made to our customers. At March 31, 2008, our receivable from customers for margin loan activity was approximately $346.51 million.
Senior Unsecured Subordinated Notes
The notes are due in 2015, and bear interest at 10.75% per annum. Interest payments are payable semi-annually in arrears. We are not required to make mandatory redemption or sinking fund payments with respect to the notes and at March 31, 2008, the entire $550.00 million was still outstanding. The senior unsecured subordinated notes are subject to certain financial and non-financial covenants. As of March 31, 2008, we were in compliance with all such covenants.
Contractual Obligations
The following table provides information with respect to our commitments and obligations as of March 31, 2008:
|
Payments due by period |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Total(4) |
< 1 year |
1-3 years |
4-5 years |
> 5 years |
|||||||||||
|
(in thousands) |
|||||||||||||||
Operating Lease Obligations(2) | $ | 106,222 | $ | 20,224 | $ | 38,625 | $ | 26,748 | $ | 20,625 | ||||||
Senior Secured Credit Facilities and Senior Unsecured Notes(1)(3) | 1,383,965 | 8,424 | 16,848 | 16,848 | 1,341,845 | |||||||||||
Bank loans payable | 25,000 | 25,000 | | | | |||||||||||
Fixed Interest Payments | 458,219 | 59,125 | 118,250 | 118,250 | 162,594 | |||||||||||
Variable Interest Payments(3) | 203,280 | 29,841 | 78,110 | 76,609 | 18,720 | |||||||||||
Interest Rate Swap Agreements(3) | 55,574 | 21,261 | 28,621 | 5,692 | | |||||||||||
Total contractual cash obligations | $ | 2,232,260 | $ | 163,875 | $ | 280,454 | $ | 244,147 | $ | 1,543,784 | ||||||
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$495.00 million of principle (see Note 8 of our unaudited consolidated financial statements). Variable interest payments are shown for the unhedged ($338.97 million) portion of the senior credit facilities assuming the three-month LIBOR remains unchanged at 2.70% (see Note 7 of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for more information).
Other Commitments and Contingencies
Guarantees We occasionally enter into certain types of contracts that contingently require us to indemnify certain parties against third-party claims. These contracts primarily relate to real estate leases under which we may be required to indemnify property owners for claims and other liabilities arising from our use of the applicable premises. The terms of these obligations vary, and because a maximum obligation is not explicitly stated, we have determined that it is not possible to make an estimate of the amount that we could be obligated to pay under such contracts.
LPL also provides guarantees to securities clearing houses and exchanges under their standard membership agreements, which require a member to guarantee the performance of other members. Under these agreements, if a member becomes unable to satisfy its obligations to the clearing houses and exchanges, all other members would be required to meet any shortfall. Our liability under these arrangements is not quantifiable and may exceed the cash and securities we posted as collateral. However, the potential requirement for us to make payments under these agreements is remote. Accordingly, no liability has been recognized for these transactions.
Litigation We have been named as a defendant in various legal actions, including arbitrations. In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of such matters, particularly in cases in which claimants seek substantial or indeterminate damages, we cannot predict with certainty what the eventual loss or range of loss related to such matters will be. We believe, based on current knowledge, after consultation with counsel, and consideration of insurance, if any, that the outcome of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.
Regulatory Our businesses, as well as the financial services industry generally, are subject to extensive regulation. As a matter of public policy, securities regulatory bodies are charged with safeguarding the integrity of the securities and other financial markets and with protecting the interests of customers participating in those markets, not with protecting the interests of our stockholders or creditors. The SEC is the federal agency responsible for the administration of the federal securities laws, while the CFTC is the federal agency responsible for the administration of the federal commodities laws. The exchanges, FINRA and the National Futures Association are self-regulatory bodies composed of members, such as our broker-dealer subsidiaries, that have agreed to abide by the respective bodies' rules and regulations. Each of these regulatory bodies may examine the activities of, and may expel, fine, and other wise discipline member firms and their registered representatives. The laws, rules, and regulations comprising this framework of regulation and the interpretation and enforcement of existing laws, rules, and regulations are constantly changing. The effect of any such changes cannot be predicted and may impact the manner of our operations and profitability.
In November 2005, prior to our acquisition of IASG, MSC received a "Wells" notice from FINRA's Department of Enforcement. The staff alleged that MSC had failed to maintain adequate supervisory procedures regarding certain variable annuity transactions, and failed to maintain accurate books and records related thereto. On July 23, 2007, the staff filed a complaint against MSC and certain of its employees in connection with this matter. Pursuant to a contractual arrangement, the
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Company will be indemnified for such claims and future settlements related to such matters by the prior owners.
Other Commitments As of March 31, 2008, the Company had received collateral primarily in connection with customer margin loans with a market value of approximately $485.11 million, which we can sell or repledge. Of this amount, approximately $182.92 million has been pledged or sold as of March 31, 2008; $126.70 million was pledged to a bank in connection with an unutilized secured margin line of credit, $25.96 million was pledged to various clearing organizations, and $30.26 million was loaned to the DTC through participation in its Stock Borrow Program. As of March 31, 2007, the Company had received collateral primarily in connection with customer margin loans with a market value of approximately $385.57 million, which it can sell or repledge. Of this amount, approximately $153.70 million had been pledged or sold as of March 31, 2007: $100.88 million was pledged to a bank in connection with an unutilized secured margin line of credit, $36.23 million was pledged to various clearing organizations, and $16.59 million was loaned to the DTC through participation in its Stock Borrow Program.
In August of 2007, pursuant to agreements with a large global insurance company, LPL began providing brokerage, clearing, and custody services on a fully disclosed basis; offering its investment advisory programs and platforms; and providing technology and additional processing and related services to its financial advisors and customers. The terms of the agreements are five years, subject to additional 24-month extensions. Termination fees may be payable by a terminating or breaching party depending on the specific cause leading to termination.
In conjunction with the acquisition of UVEST, we made full-recourse loans to certain members of management (also selling stockholders), all of which are now stockholders. As of March 31, 2008, outstanding stockholder loans, which are reported as a deduction from stockholders' equity, were approximately $1.26 million.
As part of its brokerage operations, LPL periodically enters into when-issued and delayed delivery transactions on behalf of its customers. Settlement of these transactions after March 31, 2008 does not have a material effect on our consolidated statements of financial condition.
Off-balance Sheet Arrangements
At March 31, 2008, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as that term is defined in Item 303 of Regulation S-X of the Securities Act that are likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial condition, revenue or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Market Risk
We bear some market risk on margin transactions affected for our FAs' clients. In margin transactions, we extend credit to clients, collateralized by cash and securities in the client's account. As our IFAs execute margin transactions on behalf of their clients, we may incur losses if clients do not fulfill their obligations, the collateral in the client's account is insufficient to fully cover losses from such investments, and our IFAs fail to reimburse us for such losses. The risk of default depends on the creditworthiness of the client. To minimize this risk we assess the creditworthiness of the clients and monitor the margin level daily. Clients are required to deposit additional collateral, or reduce positions, when necessary.
We also have market risk on the fees we earn that are based on the market value of assets in certain client accounts and for which ongoing fees or commissions are paid. We do not enter into derivatives or other similar financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
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Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to risk associated with changes in interest rates. As of March 31, 2008, all of the outstanding debt under our senior secured credit facilities, $833.97 million, was subject to floating interest rate risk. To provide some protection against potential rate increases associated with our floating senior secured credit facilities, in January 2006 we entered into derivative instruments in the form of Swaps covering a significant portion ($495.00 million) of our senior secured indebtedness. The Swaps qualify for hedge accounting under SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. Accordingly, any interest rate differential is reflected in an adjustment to interest expense over the lives of the Swaps. While the unhedged portion of our senior secured debt is subject to increases in interest rates, we believe that this risk is offset with variable interest rates associated with customer borrowings. At March 31, 2008, we had $338.97 million in unhedged senior secured borrowings, the variable cost of which is offset by variable interest income on $346.51 million of customer borrowings. Because of this relationship, and our expectation for outstanding balances in the future, we do not believe that a short-term change in interest rates would have a material impact on our income before taxes. For a discussion of such Swaps, see Note 8 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
We offer two primary cash sweep programs depending on account type: money market sweep vehicles involving multiple money market fund providers and the Insured Cash Account ("ICA"), an insured bank deposit sweep vehicle. Our ICA program uses multiple non-affiliated banks to provide customers with up to $1.00 million ($2.00 million joint) of FDIC insurance for customer deposits custodied at the banks. While our customers earn interest for balances on deposit in the ICA program, we earn a fee. Our fees from the ICA program are not based on prevailing interest rates, but may be adjusted in a declining interest rate environment or for other reasons. Changes in interest rates for the ICA program are monitored by our Fee and Rate Setting Committee (the "FRS Committee"), which governs and approves any changes to our ICA fees. By meeting promptly after interest rates change, or for other market or non-market reasons, the FRS Committee balances financial risk of the ICA program with a product that offers competitive customer yields. However, as short-term interest rates hit lower levels, the FRS Committee may be compelled to lower ICA program fees. A 0.25% decrease in short-term interest rates, if accompanied by a commensurate reduction in ICA program fees, would result in a decrease in income before income taxes of $20.00 million over the subsequent twelve month period (assuming customer balances at March 31, 2008 held constant over that 12 month period). Actual impacts to the ICA program may be less, depending on interest rate levels, the significance of change, and the FRS Committee's strategy in responding to that change.
As short-term interest rates hit lower levels the FRS may be compelled to lower ICA program fees. As an example, in March 2008, when the Federal Reserve reduced the Fed Funds rate from 3.0% to 2.25%, ICA program fees were lowered temporarily at a cost of $2.2 million. While the 0.25% decrease in the Fed Funds rate to 2.00% on April 30, 2008 did not impact ICA program fees, further reductions in short term rates could reduce program fee revenue by as much as $2.00 million per month assuming customer balances remain constant. The actual impacts to the ICA program may be less, depending on the FRS Committee strategy in responding to that change.
Operational Risk
Operational risk generally refers to the risk of loss resulting from our operations, including, but not limited to, improper or unauthorized execution and processing of transactions, deficiencies in our technology or financial operating systems and inadequacies or breaches in our control processes. We operate in diverse markets and are reliant on the ability of our employees and systems to process a large number of transactions. These risks are less direct than credit and market risk, but managing them is critical, particularly in a rapidly changing environment with increasing transaction volumes. In the event of a breakdown or improper operation of systems or improper action by employees, we could
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suffer financial loss, regulatory sanctions and damage to our reputation. Business continuity plans exist for critical systems, and redundancies are built into the systems as deemed appropriate. In order to mitigate and control operational risk, we have developed and continue to enhance specific policies and procedures that are designed to identify and manage operational risk at appropriate levels throughout our organization and within various departments. These control mechanisms attempt to ensure that operational policies and procedures are being followed and that our employees operate within established corporate policies and limits.
Risk Management
We have established various committees of the Board of Directors to manage the risks associated with our business. Our Audit Committee was established for the primary purpose of overseeing (i) the integrity of our financial statements, (ii) our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements that may impact our financial statements or financial operations, (iii) the independent auditor's qualifications and independence and (iv) the performance of our independent auditor and internal audit function. Our Compensation and Human Resources Committee was established for the primary purpose of (i) overseeing our efforts to attract, retain and motivate members of our senior management team in partnership with the Chief Executive Officer, (ii) to carry out the Board's overall responsibility relating to the determination of compensation for all executive officers, (iii) to oversee all other aspects of our compensation and human resource policies and (iv) to oversee our management resources, succession planning and management development activities.
In addition to various committees, we have written policies and procedures that govern the conduct of business by our IFAs and employees, our relationship with clients and the terms and conditions of our relationships with product manufacturers. Our client and financial advisor policies address the extension of credit for client accounts, data and physical security, compliance with industry regulation and codes of ethics to govern employee and financial advisor conduct among other matters.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our Disclosure Committee, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report were effective.
Change in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2008 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Information regarding reportable legal proceedings is contained in Part I, "Item 3. Legal Proceedings" in our 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report of Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in our 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
The following information relates to all securities issued or sold by us during the three months period ended March 31, 2008, excluding those already disclosed in previous Form 10-Q Reports and Form 10-K Reports and not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). Each of the transactions described below was conducted in reliance upon the available exemptions from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, including those contained in Section 4(2), on the basis that such transactions did not involve a public offering. There were no underwriters employed in connection with any of the transactions set forth in this Item 2.
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Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
None.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
None.
None.
31.1 |
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a). |
|
31.2 |
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a). |
|
32.1 |
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes - Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith). |
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32.2 |
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith). |
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
LPL INVESTMENT HOLDINGS INC. | |||
Date: May 15, 2008 |
By: |
/s/ MARK S. CASADY Mark S. Casady Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |
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