SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C.
20549
SCHEDULE 14A
INFORMATION
Proxy Statement
Pursuant to
Section 14(a) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
(Amendment No. )
Filed by the Registrant |X|
|
Filed by a Party other than the
Registrant |_|
|
|
Check the appropriate box:
|
|
|
|_|
|
Preliminary Proxy Statement
|
|_|
|
Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule
14a-6(e)(2))
|
|X|
|
Definitive Proxy Statement
|
|_|
|
Definitive Additional Materials
|
|_|
|
Soliciting Material Pursuant to Rule 14a-12
|
TORNADO
GOLD INTERNATIONAL CORP.
(Name of Registrant as Specified
In
Its Charter)
(Name of Person(s) Filing
Proxy
Statement, if other than the Registrant)
Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box):
|X|
|
No fee required.
|
|
|
|
|_|
|
Fee computed on table below per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1)
and
0-11.
|
|
|
|
|
1.
|
Title of each class of securities to which transaction
applies:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.
|
Aggregate number of securities to which transaction
applies:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.
|
Per unit price or other underlying value of transaction computed
pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 0-11 (set forth the amount on which
the
filing fee is calculated and state how it was determined):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.
|
Proposed maximum aggregate value of transaction:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.
|
Total fee paid:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|_|
|
Fee paid previously with preliminary materials.
|
|
|
|
|_|
|
Check box if any part of the fee is offset as provided by Exchange
Act Rule 0-11(a)(2) and identify the filing for which the offsetting
fee
was paid previously. Identify the previous filing by registration
statement number, or the Form or Schedule and the date of its
filing.
|
|
|
|
|
1.
|
Amount Previously Paid:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.
|
Form, Schedule or Registration Statement No.:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.
|
Filing Party:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.
|
Date Filed:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8600
TECHNOLOGY WAY
SUITE
118
RENO
NV 89521
Dear
Stockholder:
You
are
cordially invited to join us at the 2006 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of
Tornado Gold International Corp. This year’s meeting will be held at the Blue
Horizon Hotel, Vancouver, Canada, on Wednesday, January 24, 2007, starting
at
9:00 a.m. I hope you will be able to attend. At the meeting, we will
(i) elect directors, (ii) vote on the Agreement and Plan of Merger,
which is attached hereto, pursuant to which we will reincorporate from the
state
of Nevada to the state of Delaware, (iii) ratify the appointment of Jonathon
P.
Reuben as our independent auditor, and (iv) transact such other business as
may properly come before the meeting or any adjournment or adjournments
thereof.
It
is
important that your shares be voted whether or not you plan to be present at
the
meeting. You should specify your choices by marking the appropriate boxes on
the
proxy form on the reverse side, and date, sign, and return your proxy form
in
the enclosed, postage-paid return envelope as promptly as possible. If you
date,
sign, and return your proxy form without specifying your choices, your shares
will be voted in accordance with the recommendation of your
directors.
I
am
looking forward to seeing you at the meeting.
|
Sincerely,
|
|
/s/
Earl W. Abbott
Earl
W. Abbott
Chairman
of the Board, Chief Executive
Officer,
President, and Secretary
|
TORNADO
GOLD INTERNATIONAL CORP.
8600
Technology Way, Suite 118, Reno, Nevada, 89521
NOTICE
OF
2006 ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
To
the
Stockholders:
PLEASE
TAKE NOTICE that the 2006 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of TORNADO GOLD
INTERNATIONAL CORP. (“we,” “our,” or “us”) will be held at 9:00 a.m.,
Wednesday, January 24, 2007, at the Blue Horizon Hotel, Vancouver, Canada,
for
the following purposes:
1.
To elect the Board of Directors (Proposal 1);
2.
To approve the Agreement and Plan of Merger, which is attached hereto, pursuant
to which we will reincorporate from the state of Nevada to the state of Delaware
(Proposal 2);
3.
To ratify the appointment of Jonathon P. Reuben to serve as our independent
auditor for the fiscal year that began on January 1, 2006 (Proposal 3);
and
4.
To transact such other business as may properly come before the meeting or
any
adjournment or adjournments thereof.
Only
the
holders of Common Stock of record at the close of business on December 6, 2006
(the “Record Date”), are entitled to vote at the meeting. Each stockholder is
entitled to one vote for each share of Common Stock held on the Record Date,
except for the election of Directors, for which cumulative voting rights
apply.
|
By
order of the Board of Directors,
|
|
/s/
Earl W. Abbott
EARL
W. ABBOTT
Chairman
of the Board, Chief Executive
Officer,
President, and Secretary
|
December
27, 2006
Reno,
Nevada
|
|
The
presence in person and/or the representation by proxy of the holders of a
majority of the issued and outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote is
necessary and sufficient to constitute a quorum. Accordingly, if you do not
expect to be present at the meeting, you may vote your shares of stock by
executing the accompanying proxy and returning it promptly in the enclosed
envelope, which requires no postage if mailed in the United
States.
PROXY
STATEMENT
ANNUAL
MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
OF
TORNADO
GOLD INTERNATIONAL CORP.
8600
Technology Way, Suite 118, Reno, Nevada, 89521
TO
BE
HELD ON JANUARY 24, 2007
SOLICITATION
AND REVOCATION OF PROXY
The
accompanying proxy is being solicited by our Board of Directors for use at
the
forthcoming Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Each stockholder giving such a
proxy
has the power to revoke the same at any time before it is voted by so notifying
our Secretary in writing. We will bear all expenses in connection with this
solicitation. This Proxy Statement and the accompanying proxy are being mailed
to stockholders on or about December 27, 2006.
We
have
one class of securities outstanding and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting
of Stockholders - our Common Stock. At the close of business on December 6,
2006, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of, and
to
vote at, the meeting, we had issued and outstanding 29,961,526 shares of Common
Stock. Each outstanding share of Common Stock is entitled to one vote with
respect to each matter to be voted on at the meeting, except for the election
of
directors, for which cumulative voting rights apply.
The
representation in person or by proxy of a majority of the shares entitled to
vote shall constitute a quorum at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Directors
are elected by a plurality of the affirmative votes cast. The affirmative vote
of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares present in person or
by
proxy and entitled to vote thereon is required to approve the Agreement and
Plan
of Merger, which is attached hereto, pursuant to which we will reincorporate
from the state of Nevada to the state of Delaware. The affirmative vote of
the
holders of a majority of the outstanding shares present in person or by proxy
and entitled to vote thereon is required to ratify the appointment of Jonathon
P. Reuben as our independent auditor. Under Nevada law, abstentions and
“non-votes” are counted as present in determining whether the quorum requirement
is satisfied. With regard to the election of directors, votes may be cast in
favor or withheld. Votes that are withheld will be excluded entirely from the
vote and will have no effect. Abstentions may be specified on any proposal
(other than the election of directors) and will have the effect of a negative
vote. Under applicable Nevada law, a non-vote will have no effect on the outcome
of any of the matters referred to in this Proxy Statement. A non-vote occurs
when a nominee holding shares for a beneficial owner votes on one proposal,
but
does not vote on another proposal because the nominee does not have
discretionary voting power and has not received instructions from the beneficial
owner.
We
will
receive the stockholders’ proxies, and the inspectors of election will tabulate
and certify the votes. All information included in proxies and ballots,
including any identifying information on the individual stockholders, will
be
available to our management and directors.
PROPOSAL 1
ELECTION
OF DIRECTORS
Properly
executed proxies will be voted as marked, and, if not marked, will be voted
in
favor of the election of the persons named below as directors to serve until
the
next Annual Meeting of Stockholders and until their successors are duly elected
and qualified. If any nominee does not remain a candidate at the time of the
meeting (a situation which management does not anticipate), proxies solicited
hereunder will be voted in favor of those nominees who do remain as candidates
and may be voted for substitute nominees designated by the Board of
Directors.
We
have
no formal policy with respect to the attendance of Directors at our annual
meetings. All members of the Board attended last year’s annual meeting of
stockholders.
On
December 4, 2006, the Board of Directors nominated the following Board of
Directors to stand for election or re-election, as applicable. All Board of
Directors seats are subject to election at the 2006 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders.
Name
|
|
Age*
|
|
Current
Position
|
Earl
W. Abbott
|
|
64
|
|
Chairman
of the Board, President, Chief Executive Officer, Secretary,
Director
|
George
Drazenovic
|
|
35
|
|
Chief
Financial Officer
|
Carl
Pescio
|
|
54
|
|
Director
|
*
As of
December 6, 2006
Dr.
Earl W. Abbott
was
appointed as our President, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer,
Secretary, and Director in March 2004. He resigned as our Chief Financial
Officer in March 2006 when Mr. Drazenovic was appointed as Chief Financial
Officer. Dr. Abbott is a senior geologist and Qualified Person with 33 years
of
experience in mineral exploration for large and small companies in the western
United States, Alaska, Mexico, China, Africa, and Costa Rica. From 2003 to
December 1, 2006, Dr. Abbott was the president of Big Bar Gold Corp., a company
reporting on a Canadian exchange, and he continues to serve as a director;
from
2005 to December 1, 2006, Dr. Abbott served as president of AAA Minerals, which
later became AAA Energy, a company reporting on a U.S. exchange, and he
continues to serve as a director; and from 1999 to present, Dr. Abbott has
served as the president of King Midas Resources Ltd., a private Canadian company
he founded, which has acquired U.S. and Mexican gold properties. From 1982
to
the present, Dr. Abbott has been self-employed as a geological consultant,
in
which he manages metallic and industrial mineral projects and exploration
programs. From 1988 to 1997, Dr. Abbott was the Vice President and Director
the
Trio Gold Corp., where he managed gold exploration activities in the U.S.,
Ghana, and Costa Rica. From 1983 to 1984, he served as a regional geologist
for
U.S. Minerals Exploration Company, where he conducted a successful gold
exploration program in Nevada and Utah. From 1978 to 1982, he was a district
geologist for Energy Reserves Group, Inc., where he opened and managed the
Reno
District exploration office and managed more than twenty projects, which
included geologic mapping, geochemical surveys, and more than 70,000 feet of
rotary drilling, along with conducting uranium exploration in Nevada, Wyoming,
South Dakota, and Montana. From 1975 to 1978, Dr. Abbott was a senior geologist
with Urangesellschaft USA, Inc., where he conceived, managed, and conducted
uranium exploration programs in remote terrains in Alaska; and from 1971 to
1975, Dr. Abbott was a project geologist for Continental Oil Company, where
he
completed the oil and gas training program and supervised uranium exploration
rotary drilling programs in Wyoming.
Dr.
Abbott is a member of the American Institute of Professional Geologists and
a
past president of its Nevada section. He is also a Certified Professional
Geologist and a member of the Geological Society of Nevada (and its past
president). In addition, Dr. Abbott is a member of the Society of Mining
Engineers of American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum; the
Denver Region Exploration Geologists Society (and its past president); and
the
Nevada Petroleum Society (and its past president). Dr. Abbott earned his Ph.D.
in Geology in 1972 and his Master of Arts in Geology in 1971 from Rice
University, Houston, Texas. Dr. Abbott earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in
Geology in 1965 from San Jose State College, San Jose, California. Except as
otherwise stated, Dr. Abbott is not an officer or director of any other
reporting company.
Mr.
George Drazenovic
was
appointed as our Chief Financial Officer on March 28, 2006. From April 2005
until the present, Mr. Drazenovic has been the Chief Financial Officer of EPOD
International, Inc., a U.S. reporting company; and from 2001 to 2005, he was
a
Corporate Finance Manager with BC Hydro. Mr. Drazenovic earned his Bachelor
of
Arts in Economics from the University of British Columbia in 1991, a Diploma
in
Financial Management from the British Columbia Institute of Technology in 1993,
and a Masters of Business Administration in Finance from the University of
Notre
Dame in 2001. He also obtained licensing as a Certified General Accountant
in
1997 and is a CFA Charter holder (Chartered Financial Analyst) since 2001.
Mr.
Drazenovic is a member of the Certified General Accountants of British Columbia
and the Vancouver Society of Financial Analysts. Mr. Drazenovic is a citizen
of,
and resides in, Canada. Except as otherwise stated, Mr. Drazenovic is not an
officer or director of any other reporting company.
Mr.
Carl A. Pescio
has been
a director of ours since March 2004. Mr. Pescio is a geologist offering more
than 30 years of experience in the mining resource sector. In 1974, Mr. Pescio
graduated from the University of Nevada with a Bachelor of Science in Geology.
After graduating, Mr. Pescio joined Kennecott Copper Corp. as a geologist.
Since
1975, Mr. Pescio has worked for numerous other natural resource companies in
various positions, including: Geologist, Chief Geologist, Geological Engineer,
Mine Manager, and Vice President of Exploration. Mr. Pescio’s tenure with Alta
Gold between 1987 and 1991 as Vice-President of Mining and Exploration led
to
his interest and focus on exploration for precious metal deposits in the Nevada
gold trends. Since 1991, he has focused his efforts on acquiring properties
with
potential for deposits large enough to interest the major mining companies
in
the area. Currently (and for more than the past five years), Mr. Pescio is
the
President of Pescio Exploration, which owns approximately 55 properties,
covering more than 20,000 hectares in Nevada. More than half of Pescio
Exploration’s properties are under lease and being explored by others. Mr.
Pescio is also Vice-President of Exploration of, and a Director for, Mill City
International Corp. Except as otherwise stated, Mr. Pescio is not an officer
or
director of any other reporting company.
Stockholder
Approval Required.
Directors
shall be elected by a plurality of the affirmative votes cast at the 2006 Annual
Meeting of Stockholders. The holders of common stock have cumulative voting
rights for the election of directors; so each stockholder has a total number
of
votes equal to one vote per share multiplied by the number of directors to
be
elected. These votes may be cast among any number of nominees, including casting
all votes for one nominee.
Directors’
Meetings, Committees and Fees.
In
2005,
the Board of Directors held one (1) meeting. All incumbent directors attended
at
least 75% of the meetings of the Board of Directors. Because we do not have
the
resources to expand our management at this time, we do not have any standing
committees of the Board of Directors. The entire Board of Directors functions
as
the audit, nominating, and compensations committees. The Board of Directors
does
not have a written charter with respect to nominating directors.
Our
stockholders may communicate (including submission of director nominations)
with
our Board of Directors or a director by sending a letter addressed to the Board
or a director, c/o Secretary, Tornado Gold International Corp., 8600
Technology Way, Suite 118, Reno, Nevada 89521. All communications will be
compiled by our secretary and forwarded to the Board of Directors or the
director accordingly.
The
Board
of Directors regularly assesses the appropriate size of the Board of Directors
and whether any vacancies on the Board of Directors are expected due to
retirement or otherwise. In the event that vacancies are anticipated or
otherwise arise, the Board utilizes a variety of methods for identifying and
evaluating director candidates. Candidates may come to the attention of the
Board through current directors, professional search firms, stockholders, or
other persons. We may pay fees to third-parties relating to the search for
candidates.
Once
the
Board has identified a prospective nominee, the Board will evaluate the
prospective nominee in the context of the then-current composition of the Board
of Directors and will consider a variety of other factors, including the
prospective nominee’s business, technology, and industry; finance and financial
reporting experience; and other attributes that would be expected to be
contributed to the Board of Directors. The Board seeks to identify nominees
who
possess a diligent range of experience, skills, areas of expertise, industry
knowledge, and business judgment. Successful nominees should have a history
of
superior performance or accomplishments in their professional undertakings
and
should have the highest personal and professional ethics and values. Whether
a
nominee is recommended by a security holder or not, the manner in which the
Board of Directors evaluates the nominee remains the same.
Currently,
the Board of Directors does not have a formal policy with respect to the
consideration of stockholder nominations for directors or other stockholder
proposals. Historically, we have felt that such a policy is unnecessary given
our relatively small size; however, our Board of Directors may again consider
adopting such policies.
Executive
Officers.
The
following table sets forth certain information regarding our executive officers
as of December 6, 2006:
Name
|
|
Position
|
Earl
W. Abbott
|
|
Chairman
of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, President, and
Secretary
|
George
Drazenovic
|
|
Chief
Financial Officer
|
Earl
W. Abbott, Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, President, and
Secretary.
Information regarding Mr. Abbott is set forth under “Election of Directors,”
earlier in this Proxy Statement.
George
Drazenovic, Chief Financial Officer.
Information regarding Mr. Drazenovic is set forth under “Election of Directors,”
earlier in this Proxy Statement.
Security
Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.
The
following table sets forth certain information regarding the shares of our
outstanding Common Stock beneficially owned as of December 6, 2006, by (i)
each
of our directors, nominees to the Board, and executive officers, (ii) all
directors and executive officers as a group, and (iii) each other person who
is
known by us to own beneficially more than 5% of our Common Stock based upon
29,961,526 issued common shares.
Title
of Class
|
|
Name
and Address (1) of
Beneficial
Owner
|
|
Amount
and Nature of
Beneficial
Ownership
|
|
Percent
of Class
|
|
Common
Stock
|
|
|
Earl
W. Abbott
|
|
3,600,000
shares
|
|
12.0%
|
|
Common
Stock
|
|
|
George
Drazenovic
|
|
0
shares
|
|
0.0%
|
|
Common
Stock
|
|
|
Stanley
B. Keith
|
|
1,800,000
shares
|
|
6.0%
|
|
Common
Stock
|
|
|
Carl
A. Pescio
|
|
1,800,000
shares
|
|
6.0%
|
|
Common
Stock
|
|
|
All
directors and named executive officers (4 persons) (2)
|
|
7,200,000
shares
|
|
24.0%
|
|
(1)
The
address of each person is 8600 Technology Way, Suite 118, Reno, NV
89521.
(2)
Following the 2006 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, if the nominees are elected,
all directors and officers as a group (3 persons) will beneficially own
5,400,000 shares, or 18.0%.
Beneficial
ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the Securities and
Exchange Commission and generally includes voting or investment power with
respect to securities. In accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission
rules, shares of our common stock that may be acquired upon exercise of stock
options or warrants that are currently exercisable or that become exercisable
within 60 days of the date of the table are deemed to be beneficially owned
by
the optionees. Subject to community property laws, where applicable, the persons
or entities named in the table above have sole voting and investment power
with
respect to all shares of our common stock indicated as beneficially owned by
them.
CHANGES
IN CONTROL. As of December 6, 2006, our management was not aware of any
arrangements which may result in “changes in control” as that term is defined by
the provisions of Item 403(c) of Regulation S-B.
Compensation
of Executive Officers.
Any
compensation received by our officers, directors, and management personnel
will
be determined from time to time by our Board of Directors. Our officers,
directors, and management personnel will be reimbursed for any out-of-pocket
expenses incurred on our behalf.
Summary
Compensation Table
. The
following table sets forth the total compensation earned by or paid to our
Chief
Executive Officer and our other most highly compensated executive officers
for
the fiscal years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004.
|
|
|
|
Annual Compensation
|
|
Long Term
Compensation
Awards
|
|
All Other
|
|
Name and Principal
Position
|
|
Year
|
|
Salary
|
Bonus
|
Other
Annual Compensation
|
|
Stock
|
Options
|
LTIP
Payouts
|
|
Compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
($)
|
|
|
(#)
|
($)
|
|
|
|
Earl
W. Abbott, CEO, President, Secretary, Treasurer
|
|
2005
2004
|
|
None
None
|
None
None
|
None
None
|
|
None
None
|
None
None
|
None
None
|
|
$89,950
(1)
$36,268
(2)
|
|
Earl
T. Shannon, former president and secretary
|
|
2004
|
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
|
None
|
|
Steven
W. Hudson, former secretary
|
|
2004
|
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
|
None
|
|
Scott
W. Bodenweber, former CFO
|
|
2004
|
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
|
None
|
None
|
None
|
|
None
|
|
(1)
Dr.
Abbott received a total of $89,950 for consulting services during the year
ended
December 31, 2005, of which $61,775 related to mining exploration and the
remaining $21,875 related to general administrative services. In addition,
during 2005, Dr. Abbott was reimbursed $25,609 for travel and other
company-related expenses.
(2)
Dr.
Abbott received a total of $36,268 for consulting services during the year
ended
December 31, 2004, of which $17,482 relates to geological services and $18,786
relates to administrative services. In addition, during 2004, Dr. Abbott was
reimbursed $9,470 for travel and related expenses.
Mr.
Drazenovic was appointed Chief Financial Officer in March 2006 and will be
paid
a consulting fee of $2,500 per month. The terms of his consulting agreement
are
still being finalized.
Mr.
Pescio and Mr. Keith are also compensated for their mining exploration services,
administrative services, and travel expenses, as those services are rendered.
Those services are rendered to us on a contractor basis.
Stock
Options.
No
stock
options were granted in 2005.
Employment
Agreements.
There
are
no employment agreements between us and any named executive
officer.
Compensation
of Directors.
Our
directors do not receive any cash compensation, but are entitled to
reimbursement of their reasonable expenses incurred in attending directors’
meetings.
Certain
Relationships and Related Transactions.
As
discussed herein, we entered into agreements with a company owned by Mr. Carl
A.
Pescio, one of our directors, to acquire mining claims. Preliminary forms of
these agreements were entered into on May 31, 2004, and were finalized on April
5, 2005.
During
the year ended December 31, 2004, we incurred consulting fees for services
rendered by Dr. Earl W. Abbott, our President, totaling $36,268, of which
$17,482 related to mining exploration and the remaining $18,786 related to
general administrative activities.
Also
during the year-ended December 31, 2004, we incurred consulting fees for
services rendered by a company wholly owned by Mr. Keith totaling $5,007, of
which $3,361 related to mining exploration and the remaining $1,646 related
to
general administrative activities.
On
April
15, 2005, our officers and directors agreed to redeem 27,172,800 of their shares
for $7,906, or approximately $.0003 per share. This includes 13,586,400 shares
from Dr. Abbott and 6,793,200 shares each from Messrs. Pescio and Keith. Dr.
Abbott’s shares were redeemed for $3,954, and Messrs. Pescio and Keith each
received $1,976 for their shares. These amounts are the equivalent to the
pre-split prices they paid for their shares when they joined us in March
2004.
During
the year ended December 31, 2005, we had the following transactions with related
parties:
o
Pursuant to the 2004 agreements to acquire mining claims with a company owned
by
Mr. Pescio, we paid Mr. Pescio $140,000 related to these agreements. In
addition, we incurred $5,744 to Mr. Pescio in consulting services related to
mining exploration;
o
We
entered into an agreement with Dr. Abbott and Mr. Keith to explore the
feasibility and possible lease and acquisition of certain mining claims owned
jointly by Dr. Abbott and Mr. Keith;
o
We
incurred consulting fees for services rendered by Dr. Abbott totaling $89,950,
of which $61,775 related to mining exploration and the remaining $28,175 related
to general administrative activities. Also, we reimbursed Dr. Abbott $25,609
for
travel and other company-related expenses; and
o
We
incurred consulting fees for services rendered by Mr. Keith totaling $3,349,
of
which $1,389 related to mining exploration and the remaining $1,960 related
to
general administrative activities. Also, we reimbursed Mr. Keith $579 for travel
and other company related expenses.
During
the nine-months ended September 30, 2006, we had the following transactions
with
related parties:
o
We made
advance lease payments of $550,000 to Mr. Pescio on our mining
claims;
o
We paid
Mr. Pescio $1,020,000 relating to certain agreements to acquire mining claims
entered into between a company owned by Mr. Pescio and us;
o
We paid
Dr. Abbott and Mr. Keith $8,294 and $12,971, respectively, in relation to
certain agreements to acquire mining properties entered into between such
persons and us;
o
We
incurred consulting fees for services rendered by Dr. Abbott totaling $162,817,
of which $107,714 related to mining exploration and $55,103 related to general
administrative activities, and we reimbursed Dr. Abbott $9,209 for travel and
other related expenses; and
o
We paid
Mr. Drazenovic $35,000 for services rendered in his capacity as chief financial
officer.
With
regard to any future related-party transaction, we plan to disclose any and
all
related-party transactions fully when required, including, but not limited
to,
in prospectuses and in any and all filings with the Securities and Exchange
Commission. Furthermore, we intend to obtain, when required, disinterested
directors’ and stockholders’ consent.
Section
16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance.
Section
16(a) of the Securities Act of 1934 requires our directors, executive officers,
and any persons who own more than 10% of a registered class of our equity
securities, to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the
Securities and Exchange Commission. SEC regulations require executive officers,
directors, and greater than 10% stockholders to furnish us with copies of all
Section 16(a) forms they file. Based solely on our review of the copies of
such
forms received by us, or written representations from certain reporting persons,
we believe that during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, and during
the
interim period ending December 6, 2006, all but one of our executive officers,
directors, and greater than 10% stockholders complied with all applicable filing
requirements. That one person was delinquent regarding a series of attempted
sales of our common stock early in our current fiscal year.
THE
BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS THAT THE STOCKHOLDERS VOTE
FOR
THE ELECTION OF THE NOMINEES TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
PROPOSAL 2
APPROVAL
OF AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER
Our
Board
of Directors has approved, by written consent, an Agreement and Plan of Merger
pursuant to which we will reincorporate from the state of Nevada to the state
of
Delaware. As part of this reincorporation, we will merge with and into our
wholly-owned subsidiary, Tornado Gold International Corporation, a Delaware
corporation (“Tornado Gold Delaware”), which will result in:
|
·
|
your
right to receive one share of common stock, par value $0.001 per
share, of
Tornado Gold Delaware, for every one share of our common stock, par
value
$0.001 per share, owned by you as of the effective date of the
reincorporation;
|
|
·
|
the
persons presently serving as our executive officers and directors
continuing to serve in such respective capacity with Tornado Gold
Delaware;
|
|
·
|
the
adoption of a Certificate of Incorporation under the laws of the
state of
Delaware in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A, pursuant to which
our
authorized common stock will remain unchanged at 100,000,000 shares,
$0.001 par value per share; and
|
|
·
|
the
adoption of new by-laws under the laws of the state of Delaware in
the
form attached hereto as Exhibit B.
|
Our
common stock is currently quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board. We believe that
the
common stock of Tornado Gold Delaware will also be quoted on the OTC Bulletin
Board. We also believe that our reincorporation from the state of Nevada to
the
state of Delaware will facilitate our ability to list our common stock on the
TSX Venture Exchange (the “TSX Venture”); however, we can provide no assurance
that shares of common stock of Tornado Gold Delaware will be listed or will
commence trading on the TSX Venture or any other stock exchange.
REINCORPORATION
IN DELAWARE
Questions
and Answers
Q:
|
Why
are we reincorporating in Delaware?
|
A:
|
We
believe the reincorporation in Delaware will facilitate our ability
to be
publicly traded on the TSX Venture. However, we can provide no assurance
that the shares will be traded on the TSX Venture or any other stock
exchange. Regardless of whether the shares are ever traded on the
TSX
Venture, shares of Tornado Gold Delaware will be eligible to be quoted
on
the OTC Bulletin Board beginning on or about the effective date of
the
reincorporation, and we have every reason to believe the shares of
Tornado
Gold Delaware will be quoted on the OTC Bulletin
Board.
|
|
In
addition, because of Delaware’s prominence as a state of incorporation for
many corporations, the Delaware courts have developed considerable
expertise in dealing with corporate issues and a substantial body
of case
law has developed construing Delaware law. By reincorporating in
Delaware,
we hope to experience greater certainty with respect to our legal
affairs
and governance by our officers and
directors.
|
Q:
|
What
are the principal features of the reincorporation?
|
A:
|
The
reincorporation will be accomplished by merging with and into our
wholly-owned subsidiary, Tornado Gold Delaware. Our Articles of
Incorporation will become the Certificate of Incorporation of Tornado
Gold
Delaware. One (1) new share of Tornado Gold Delaware common stock
will be
issued in exchange for each outstanding share of our common stock
held by
our stockholders on the effective date of the reincorporation. Shares
of
Tornado Gold Delaware will be eligible to be quoted on the OTC Bulletin
Board beginning on or about the effective date of the
reincorporation.
|
Q:
|
What
are the differences between Nevada and Delaware law?
|
A:
|
There
are some differences between the laws of the State of Nevada and
State of
Delaware that may impact your rights as a stockholder. For information
regarding the differences between the corporate laws of the State
of
Nevada and those of the State of Delaware, please see “Changes in
Stockholder Rights” included elsewhere in this
proposal.
|
Q:
|
How
will the reincorporation affect your ownership?
|
A:
|
Your
proportionate ownership interest will not be affected by the
reincorporation. In addition, your ability to vote the shares you
own and
receive dividends will not be affected. However, as more fully discussed
below, Tornado Gold Delaware’s Certificate of Incorporation will not
provide for cumulative voting.
|
Q:
|
Can
you require us to purchase your stock?
|
A:
|
Yes.
Under Nevada law, you are entitled to appraisal and purchase of your
stock
as a result of the reincorporation. See the section entitled “Dissenter’s
Right of Appraisal.”
|
Q:
|
Will
you have to pay taxes on the shares of Tornado Gold
Delaware?
|
A:
|
We
believe the reincorporation is not a taxable event and that you will
be
entitled to the same tax basis in the shares of Tornado Gold Delaware
that
you had in your shares of our common stock. However, every stockholder’s
tax situation is different and you should consult with your personal
tax
advisor regarding the tax effect of the
reincorporation.
|
Q:
|
How
will the reincorporation affect our officers, directors, and
employees?
|
A:
|
Our
officers, directors, and employees will become the officers, directors,
and employees of Tornado Gold Delaware upon effectiveness of the
reincorporation.
|
Q:
|
What
do you do with your stock certificates?
|
A:
|
Delivery
of your certificates issued prior to the effective date of the
reincorporation will constitute “good delivery” of shares in transactions
subsequent to the reincorporation. Certificates representing shares
of
Tornado Gold Delaware will be issued with respect to transfers occurring
after the reincorporation. New certificates will also be issued upon
the
request of any stockholder, subject to normal requirements as to
proper
endorsement, signature guarantee, if required, and payment of applicable
taxes. IT WILL NOT BE NECESSARY FOR OUR STOCKHOLDERS TO EXCHANGE
THEIR
EXISTING STOCK CERTIFICATES FOR CERTIFICATES OF TORNADO GOLD DELAWARE.
OUTSTANDING STOCK CERTIFICATES OF THE COMPANY SHOULD NOT BE DESTROYED
OR
SENT TO US OR OUR TRANSFER AGENT.
|
Q:
|
What
if you have lost your certificate?
|
|
If
you have lost your certificate, you can contact our transfer agent
to have
a new certificate issued. You may be required to post a bond or other
security to reimburse us for any damages or costs if the certificate
is
later delivered for sale of transfer. Our transfer agent may be reached
at:
|
|
|
|
Transfer
Online, Inc.
c/o
Mark Knight
317
SW Alder Street, 2nd Floor
Portland,
OR 97204
|
Background
of the Reincorporation
On
December 4, 2006, our Board of Directors approved the Agreement and Plan of
Merger, which, among other things, provides for our reincorporation from the
state of Nevada to the state of Delaware. The Agreement and Plan of Merger
is
attached hereto as Exhibit C and should be read in its entirety. The discussion
of the Agreement and Plan of Merger is qualified in its entirety by reference
to
Exhibit C.
Purpose
of the Reincorporation
We
believe the reincorporation from the state of Nevada to the state of Delaware
will facilitate our ability to list our common stock on the TSX Venture;
however, we can provide no assurance that the shares of common stock of Tornado
Gold Delaware will be listed or will commence trading on the TSX Venture or
any
other stock exchange. In addition, because of Delaware’s prominence as a state
of incorporation for many corporations, the Delaware courts have developed
considerable expertise in dealing with corporate issues and a substantial body
of case law has developed construing Delaware law. By reincorporating in
Delaware, we hope to experience greater certainty with respect to our legal
affairs and governance by our officers and directors.
Principal
Features of the Reincorporation
The
reincorporation will be accomplished by forming a wholly-owned subsidiary,
Tornado Gold Delaware, which we will merge with and into, pursuant to the
Agreement and Plan of Merger. Following the reincorporation merger, Tornado
Gold
Delaware will be the surviving entity and each outstanding share of our common
stock will automatically convert into one (1) share of common stock of Tornado
Gold Delaware. In addition, outstanding stock options and warrants to purchase
shares of our common stock will be converted automatically into stock options
and warrants to purchase the same number of shares of Tornado Gold Delaware
common stock with the same exercise price and terms.
It
will
not be necessary for stockholders to exchange their existing stock certificates
for stock certificates of Tornado Gold Delaware. Outstanding stock certificates
should not be destroyed or sent to us or our transfer agent. New certificates
will be issued upon the request of any stockholder, subject to normal
requirements as to proper endorsement, signature guarantee, if required, and
payment of applicable taxes.
Timing
of the Reincorporation
The
reincorporation will become effective when the proper forms are filed with
the
states of Nevada and Delaware. We anticipate filing those forms promptly after
the date of the 2006 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
Consequences
of the Reincorporation
The
reincorporation will result in a change of our domicile from Nevada to Delaware.
The reincorporation will not, by itself, result in any changes to our business,
financial condition, or our results of operations. The persons presently serving
as our executive officers and directors will continue to serve in such
respective capacity with Tornado Gold Delaware. Our daily business operations
will continue at our principal executive offices at 8600 Technology Way, Suite
118, Reno, Nevada 89521.
Changes
Caused by the Reincorporation
Change
in Charter
Except
with regards to cumulative voting, which is discussed below, Tornado Gold
Delaware’s Certificate of Incorporation is substantially similar to our Articles
of Incorporation, as amended. Both sets of governing documents provide for
the
issuance of up to 100,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.001
and no shares of preferred stock. In addition, our Articles of Incorporation,
as
amended, and Tornado Gold Delaware’s Certificate of Incorporation provide that
officers and directors shall not be liable to the respective company for a
breach of fiduciary duty unless the act or omission involved intentional
misconduct, fraud, or a knowing violation of the law or the payment of dividends
in violation of state law.
Cumulative
voting for directors entitles stockholders to cast a number of votes that is
equal to the number of voting shares held multiplied by the number of directors
to be elected. Stockholders may cast all such votes either for one nominee
or
distribute such votes among up to as many candidates as there are positions
to
be filled. Cumulative voting may enable a minority stockholder or group of
stockholders to elect at least one representative to the board of directors
where such stockholders would not otherwise be able to elect any
directors.
Our
Articles of Incorporation provide for cumulative voting. Tornado Gold Delaware’s
Certificate of Incorporation does not provide for cumulative voting. Thus,
after
the reincorporation is effective, stockholders will not be able to cast a number
of votes that is equal to the number of voting shares held multiplied by the
number of directors to be elected.
Tornado
Gold Delaware’s Certificate of Incorporation is attached hereto as Exhibit A.
The discussion of Tornado Gold Delaware’s Certificate of Incorporation is
qualified in its entirety by reference to Exhibit A.
Change
in Bylaws
Upon
effectiveness of the reincorporation, we will governed by the By-Laws of Tornado
Gold Delaware. While the By-Laws of Tornado Gold Delaware are substantially
similar to our existing Bylaws, there are differences that may affect your
rights as a stockholder. Tornado Gold Delaware’s By-Laws are attached hereto as
Exhibit B. The following discussion briefly summarizes the material differences
between our Bylaws and the By-Laws of Tornado Gold Delaware. The discussion
of
Tornado Gold Delaware’s By-laws is qualified in its entirety by reference to
Exhibit B.
Number
of Directors
. Under
our Bylaws, our Board of Directors is to consist of not less than one (1) and
not more than five (5) members.
Under
the
By-Laws of Tornado Gold Delaware, the number of directors shall be no less
than
one (1) but no more than fifteen (15).
Vacancies
.
Pursuant to our Bylaws, except for a vacancy created by the removal of a
Director, a majority of the remaining Directors are to fill any vacancy. A
vacancy in the Board of Directors created by the removal of a Director may
only
be filled by the vote of a majority of the shares entitled to vote represented
at a duly held meeting at which a quorum is present or by the written consent
of
the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares.
The
By-Laws of Tornado Gold Delaware provide that all vacancies may be filled by
a
majority of the remaining Directors.
Annual
Meetings
. Our
Bylaws require that the annual meeting of stockholders take place at 10:00
A.M.
on May 1.
The
By-Laws of Tornado Gold Delaware require that the annual meeting of stockholders
be held within five (5) months of the end of the previous fiscal
year.
Amendments
to the Bylaws
. Our
Bylaws provide that the affirmative vote of a majority of stockholders entitled
to vote in the election of directors may adopt, alter, amend, or repeal the
Bylaws. Our Board of Directors may adopt, alter, amend, or repeal the Bylaws,
except for bylaws relating to quorum for meetings of stockholders or the Board
of Directors, or to change any provisions of the Bylaws with respect to the
removal of a director or filling of vacancies in the Board resulting from
removal by the stockholders.
The
By-Laws of Tornado Gold Delaware may be altered, amended, or repealed at a
special or annual meeting by the holders of a majority of the shares entitled
to
vote thereat, or by its Board of Directors.
Removal
of Directors
. Our
entire Board of Directors or any individual Director may be removed at any
special meeting of stockholders called for such purpose by vote of the holders
of two-thirds (2/3) of the shares entitled to elect directors. No Director
may
be removed (unless the entire Board is removed) when the votes cast against
removal or not consenting in writing to such removal would be sufficient to
elect such Director if voted cumulatively at an election at which the same
total
number of votes were cast (or, if such action is taken by written consent,
all
shares entitled to vote, were voted) and the entire number of Directors
authorized at the time of the Directors most recent election were then being
elected.
Pursuant
to the By-Laws of Tornado Gold Delaware, a Director may be removed for cause
or
without cause by the vote of the holders of a majority of the shares entitled
to
elect directors.
Special
Meetings
. Our
Bylaws provide that a special meeting of the stockholders may be called at
any
time by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the President, or
stockholders holding at least 50% of the shares entitled to vote at such
meeting.
The
By-Laws of Tornado Gold Delaware provide that a special meeting of the
stockholders may be called by its President, the Board of Directors, or
stockholders holding at least one-third (1/3) of the shares entitled to vote
at
such meeting.
Committees
. Our
Bylaws provide the Board of Directors may appoint committees composed of two
or
more members of the Board of Directors and that any such committee shall have
the powers delegated to it by the Board of Directors, except for the powers
made
delegable by Nevada law.
The
By-Laws of Tornado Gold Delaware provide that its Board of Directors may appoint
committees composed of one or more members of its Board of Directors and that
any such committee shall have the powers delegated to it by the Board of
Directors, except for the power to: (i) fill a vacancy of the Board of
Directors; (ii) submit to the stockholders any action that needs stockholder
approval under the By-Laws or Delaware law; (iii) fix the compensation of the
directors serving on any committee thereof; or (iv) amend or repeal any
resolution of the Board of Directors that by its terms may not be so amendable
or repealable. In addition, the Board of Directors of Tornado Gold Delaware
may
create an executive committee, which shall have and may exercise, when the
Board
of Directors is not in session, all the powers of the Board of Directors in
the
management of the business and affairs of Tornado Gold Delaware.
Change
in Governing Law
We
are
incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada, and Tornado Gold Delaware
is
incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware. Our corporate affairs
are
currently governed by Nevada corporate law and our Articles of Incorporation
and
Bylaws, which were created pursuant to Nevada law. On the effective date of
the
reincorporation, issues of corporate governance and control will be controlled
by Delaware law and Tornado Gold Delaware’s Certificate of Incorporation and
By-Laws, which were created pursuant to Delaware law.
The
following discussion summarizes briefly some of the changes resulting from
certain material differences between Nevada corporate law and Delaware corporate
law. The following discussion does not purport to be a complete statement of
such laws. Stockholders should refer to Tornado Gold Delaware’s Certificate of
Incorporation, which is attached hereto as Exhibit A, Tornado Gold Delaware’s
By-Laws, which are attached hereto as Exhibit B, and the Delaware General
Corporation Law (“DGCL”) and the Nevada General Corporation Law (“NGCL”) to
understand how these laws apply to Tornado Gold Delaware and us,
respectively.
Fiduciary
Duties
. Both
the DGCL and the NGCL provide that the board of directors has the ultimate
responsibility for managing the business and affairs of a corporation. In
discharging this function, directors of Nevada and Delaware corporations owe
fiduciary duties of care and loyalty to the corporations they serve and the
stockholders of those corporations.
With
respect to fiduciary duties, NGCL may provide broader discretion, and increased
protection from liability, to directors in exercising their fiduciary duties.
The DGCL does not contain any statutory provision permitting directors to
consider the interests of any constituencies other than the corporation or
its
stockholders when discharging their duties. The NGCL, on the other hand,
provides that in discharging their duties, directors may exercise their
respective powers with a view to the interests of the corporation, employees,
suppliers, customers, or creditors of the corporation and the interests of
the
state of Nevada, the community, and society.
Classified
Board of Directors
. The
DGCL permits any Delaware corporation to classify its board of directors into
as
many as three classes as equally as possible with staggered terms of office.
The
NGCL also permits corporations to classify boards of directors provided that
at
least one-fourth of the total number of directors is elected annually. Neither
we nor Tornado Gold Delaware has a classified board.
Removal
of Directors
. With
respect to removal of directors, under the NGCL, any one or all of the directors
of a corporation may be removed by the holders of not less than two-thirds
of
the voting power of a corporation’s issued and outstanding stock. The NGCL
provides that the articles of incorporation may require the concurrence of
more
than two-thirds of the voting power entitled to vote in order to remove a
director. Under the DGCL law, directors of a corporation without a classified
board may be removed with or without cause by the holders of a majority of
shares then entitled to vote in an election of directors.
Dividend
Rights and Repurchase of Shares
. The
NGCL provides that no distribution (including dividends on, or redemption or
repurchases of, shares of capital stock) may be made if, after giving effect
to
such distribution, the corporation would not be able to pay its debts as they
become due in the usual course of business, or, except as specifically permitted
by the articles of incorporation, the corporation’s total assets would be less
than the sum of its total liabilities plus the amount that would be needed
at
the time of a dissolution to satisfy the preferential rights of preferred
stockholders.
Under
the
DGCL, a corporation may declare and pay dividends out of surplus, or if no
surplus exists, out of net profits for the fiscal year in which the dividends
are declared and/or for its preceding fiscal year. Dividends may not be paid
out
of net profits if the capital of the corporation is less than the amount of
capital represented by the issued and outstanding stock of all classes having
a
preference upon the distribution of assets. Generally, pursuant to the DGCL,
a
corporation may repurchase shares only if net assets are not and will not become
less than the corporation’s capital.
Indemnification
of Directors and Officers
. In
general, the NGCL and DGCL permit a corporation to indemnify officers,
directors, employees, and agents for actions taken in good faith and in a manner
they reasonably believe to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of
the
corporation and, with respect to any criminal action, which they had no
reasonable cause to believe were unlawful. Both Tornado Gold Delaware and we
provide for such indemnifications under their respective charters and
bylaws.
Limitation
on Personal Liability of Directors
. A
Delaware corporation is permitted to adopt provisions in its certificate of
incorporation limiting or eliminating the liability of a director to a company
and its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a
director, provided that such liability does not arise from certain proscribed
conduct, including breach of the duty of loyalty, acts or omissions not in
good
faith, or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law
or
liability to the corporation based on unlawful dividends or distributions or
improper personal benefit. Tornado Gold Delaware’s Certificate of Incorporation
will limit the liability of directors to Tornado Gold Delaware to the fullest
extent permitted by law.
While
the
NGCL has a similar provision permitting the adoption of provisions in the
articles of incorporation limiting personal liability, the Nevada provision
differs in two respects. First, the Nevada provision applies to both directors
and officers. Second, while the Delaware provision exempts from its limitation
on liability a breach of the duty of loyalty, the Nevada counterpart does not
contain this exception. Thus, the Nevada provision expressly permits a
corporation to limit the liability of officers, as well as directors, and
permits limitation of liability arising from a breach of the duty of
loyalty.
Amendment
to Article/Certificate of Incorporation
. In
general, both the NGCL and DGCL require the approval of the holders of a
majority of all outstanding shares entitled to vote to approve proposed
amendments to a corporation’s articles/certificate of incorporation. Both
statutes also provide that in addition to the vote described above, the vote
of
a majority of the outstanding shares of a class may be required to amend the
articles/certificate of incorporation where a class will be adversely affected
by such amendment. Neither state requires stockholder approval for the board
of
directors of a corporation to fix the voting powers, designation, preferences,
limitations, restrictions, and rights of a class of stock provided that the
corporation’s organizational documents grant such power to its board of
directors.
Our
Articles of Incorporation and Tornado Gold Delaware’s Certificate of
Incorporation do not confer the power to amend the articles/certificate to
their
respective boards. Thus, a stockholder vote is necessary to amend the
articles/certificate.
Amendment
to Bylaws
. Under
the DGCL, bylaws may be adopted, amended or repealed by the stockholders
entitled to vote thereon. A corporation may, in its certificate of
incorporation, confer this power upon the directors, although the power vested
in the stockholders is not divested or limited where the board of directors
also
has such power.
The
NGCL
provides that the board of directors of a corporation may make the bylaws,
but
that such bylaws are subject to those adopted by the stockholders, if any.
Unless otherwise prohibited by any Bylaw adopted by the stockholders, the
directors may adopt, amend, or repeal any Bylaw, including any Bylaw adopted
by
the stockholders. The Articles of Incorporation may grant the authority to
adopt
Bylaws exclusively to the directors.
Actions
by Written Consent of Stockholders
. The
NGCL and DGCL each provide that, unless the articles of
incorporation/certificate of incorporation provide otherwise, any action
required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of the stockholders may be taken
without a meeting if the holders of outstanding stock having at least the
minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action
at a meeting consent to the action in writing. Our Articles of Incorporation
and
the Certificate of Incorporation of Tornado Gold Delaware allow for action
by
written consent pursuant to the statutory guidelines set forth
above.
Special
Meetings of Stockholders
. Under
the DGCL, a special meeting of stockholders may be called by the corporation’s
board of directors or by any person or persons as may be authorized by the
corporation’s articles/certificate of incorporation, as applicable, or
bylaws.
The
NGCL
does not specifically address the manner in which stockholders may call a
special meeting. Our Bylaws provide that a special meeting of the stockholders
may be called at any time by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board,
the President, or stockholders holding at least 50% of the shares entitled
to
vote at such meeting. The By-Laws of Tornado Gold Delaware provide that a
special meeting of the stockholders may be called by its President, the Board
of
Directors, or stockholders holding at least one-third (1/3) of the shares
entitled to vote at such meeting.
Restrictions
on Business Combinations
. Both
the DGCL and NGCL contain provisions restricting the ability of a corporation
to
engage in “business combinations” with an interested stockholder. As a Delaware
corporation, Tornado Gold Delaware is subject to Section 203 (“Section 203”) of
the DGCL. Under Section 203, certain business combinations between a Delaware
corporation whose stock is publicly traded or held of record by more than 2,000
stockholders and an “interested stockholder” are prohibited for a three-year
period following the date that such a stockholder became an interested
stockholder, unless (i) the corporation has elected in a manner permitted by
Section 203 not to be governed by Section 203, (ii) the transaction in which
the
stockholder became an interested stockholder or the business combination was
approved by the board of directors of the corporation before the other party
to
the business combination became an interested stockholder, (iii) upon
consummation of the transaction that made it an interested stockholder, the
interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation
outstanding at the commencement of the transaction (excluding voting stock
owned
by directors who are also officers or held in employee benefit plans in which
the employees do not have a right to determine confidentially whether shares
held by the plan will be tendered in a tender offer), or (iv) the business
combination was approved by the board of directors of the corporation and
ratified by 66 2/3% (and not by written consent) of the voting stock which
the
interested stockholder did not own. The term “business combination” is defined
generally to include mergers or consolidations between a Delaware corporation
and an “interested stockholder,” transactions with an “interested stockholder”
involving the assets or stock of the corporation or its majority-owned
subsidiaries, and transactions which increase an “interested stockholder’s”
percentage ownership of stock. The term “interested stockholder” is defined
generally as a stockholder who, together with affiliates and associates, owns
(or, within three years prior, did own) 15% or more of a Delaware corporation’s
voting stock.
The
NGCL
contains certain “anti-takeover” provisions that apply to a Nevada corporation,
unless the corporation elects not to be governed by such provisions in its
articles of incorporation or bylaws. The NGCL prohibits a corporation from
engaging in any “business combinations” with “interested stockholder” for a
period of three years following the time that such stockholder became an
interested stockholder. The term “interested stockholder” is defined generally
as a stockholder that owns, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the
corporation’s voting stock. A business combination includes any merger,
consolidation, or sale of substantially all of a corporation’s assets. The
three-year waiting period does not apply, however, if the board of directors
of
the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction
which resulted in such stockholder owning more than 10% of such stock before
the
stockholder obtained such ownership.
Neither
Tornado Gold Delaware nor we have opted out of the applicable statutes with
appropriate provisions in the respective Articles/Certificate of
Incorporation.
Material
Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Reincorporation
The
following is a discussion of certain federal income tax consequences to holders
of our common stock who receive shares of Tornado Gold Delaware common stock
in
exchange for their shares of our common stock as a result of the
reincorporation. The discussion is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,
as amended (“Code”), and laws, regulations, rulings, and decisions in effect as
of the date of this Proxy Statement, all of which are subject to change,
possibly with retroactive effect, and to differing interpretations. No state,
local or foreign tax consequences are addressed herein.
This
discussion is for general information only and does not purport to be a complete
discussion or analysis of all potential tax consequences that may apply to
a
stockholder. In view of the varying nature of such tax consequences,
stockholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors as to the specific
tax
consequences to them of the reincorporation, including the applicability of
federal, state, local, or foreign tax laws.
The
reincorporation is intended to be tax-free to us and our stockholders under
the
Code. Accordingly, it is expected that no gain or loss will be recognized by
you
solely as a result of the reincorporation, and no gain or loss will be
recognized by us or Tornado Gold Delaware. Each former holder of shares of
our
common stock will have the same tax basis in Tornado Gold Delaware’s common
stock received by such holder pursuant to the reincorporation as such holder
has
in the shares of our common stock held by such holder at the effective time
of
the reincorporation. Each stockholder’s holding period with respect to Tornado
Gold Delaware’s common stock will include the period during which such holder
held the shares of our common stock, so long as the shares were held by such
holder as a capital asset at the effective time of the reincorporation. We
have
not obtained, and do not intend to obtain, a ruling from the Internal Revenue
Service with respect to the tax consequences of the
reincorporation.
Because
of the complexity of the capital gains and loss provisions of the Code and
the
uniqueness of each individual’s capital gain or loss situation, stockholders
contemplating exercising statutory dissenter’s rights should consult their own
tax advisors regarding the federal income tax consequences of exercising such
rights. Additionally, state, local, or foreign income tax consequences to
stockholders may vary from the federal income tax consequences described above,
and STOCKHOLDERS ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS AS TO THE
CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF THE REINCORPORATION UNDER ALL APPLICABLE TAX
LAWS.
Dissenter’s
Rights of Appraisal
Holders
of our common stock that follow the appropriate procedures will be entitled
to
dissent from the consummation of the reincorporation and receive payment of
the
fair value of their shares under Sections 92A.300 through 92A.500 of the Nevada
General Corporation Law. The following discussion summarizes the material
applicable provisions of the Nevada dissenter’s rights statute. You are urged to
read the full text of the Nevada dissenter’s rights statute, which is reprinted
in its entirety and attached hereto as Exhibit D to this Proxy Statement. A
person having a beneficial interest in shares of our common stock that are
held
of record in the name of another person, such as a bank, broker, or other
nominee, must act promptly to cause the record holder to follow the steps
summarized below properly and in a timely manner if such person wishes to
perfect any dissenter’s rights such person may have. This discussion and Exhibit
D should be reviewed carefully by you if you wish to exercise statutory
dissenter’s rights or wish to preserve the right to do so, because failure to
strictly comply with any of the procedural requirements of the Nevada
dissenter’s rights statute may result in a termination or waiver of dissenter’s
rights under the Nevada dissenter’s rights statute.
Under
the
Nevada dissenter’s rights statute, you have the right to dissent from the
reincorporation and demand payment of the fair value of your shares of our
common stock. If you elect to dissent, you must file with us a written notice
of
dissent stating that you intend to demand payment for your shares of our common
stock if the reincorporation is consummated (merely voting against proposal
is
not sufficient to satisfy notice requirements). Such written notice of dissent
must be filed with us before the date of the stockholders’ 2006 annual meeting
and must be sent to Tornado Gold, c/o Randy Katz, Bryan Cave LLP, 1900 Main
Street, Suite 700, Irvine, California, 92614. If you fail to comply with this
notice requirement, you will not be entitled to dissenter’s rights. You must not
vote your shares in favor of the proposed claim. Your failure to vote against
this proposal will not constitute a waiver of your appraisal rights. The “fair
value” of the shares as used in the Nevada dissenter’s rights statute is the
value of the shares immediately before the effectuation of the proposed
reincorporation, excluding any appreciation or depreciation in anticipation
of
the reincorporation unless exclusion would be inequitable.
If
you
satisfy the notice requirement discussed in the preceding paragraph, we will
send you a written dissenter’s notice within ten (10) days after the effective
time of the reincorporation. Such written dissenter’s notice will specify where
you must send your payment demand and where and when you must deposit your
stock
certificates, if any, among other information.
If
you
still wish to exercise your dissenter’s rights after you have received the
written dissenter’s notice, you must make a written demand on us for payment of
the fair value of your shares and deposit your stock certificates in accordance
with the written dissenter’s notice within thirty (30) days following the date
such written dissenter’s notice is delivered.
Within
thirty (30) days after the receipt of a properly executed payment demand, we
will pay each dissenter who complied with the required procedures the amount
we
estimate to be the fair value of the dissenter’s shares, plus accrued interest.
Any such payment will be accompanied by (i) our balance sheet as of the end
of
the fiscal year-ended not more than sixteen (16) months before the date of
payment, an income statement for that year, a statement of changes in
stockholders equity for that year, and the latest available interim financial
information, if any, (ii) a statement as to how we determined the fair value
of
the shares and how the interest was calculated, (iii) a statement of the
dissenter’s right to demand payment of fair value under Nevada law, and (iv) a
copy of the relevant provisions of Nevada law. A dissenting stockholder may,
within thirty (30) days following receipt of payment for the shares, send us
a
notice containing such stockholder’s own estimate of fair value and accrued
interest, and demand payment for that amount less the amount received pursuant
to our payment of fair value to such dissenting stockholder.
If
there
is still disagreement about the fair market value within sixty (60) days after
we received a dissenting stockholder’s demand, we will petition a court to
determine fair value and accrued interest. If we fail to commence an action
within sixty (60) days following the receipt of the dissenting stockholder’s
demand, we shall pay to the dissenting stockholder the amount demanded in such
dissenting stockholder’s notice containing the estimated fair value and accrued
interest.
We
will
pay the costs and expenses of the court proceeding, unless the court finds
that
the demand of any dissenting stockholder for payment was arbitrary, vexatious,
or otherwise not in good faith. If such a finding is made, the court may assess
costs, including reasonable fees of counsel and experts, against such
stockholder. In addition, reasonable fees and expenses of counsel and experts
may be assessed against us if the court finds that we did not substantially
comply with the requirements of the Nevada dissenter’s rights statute or that we
acted arbitrarily, vexatiously, or not in good faith with respect to the rights
granted to dissenters under Nevada law.
If
holders of more than five percent of our outstanding common stock exercise
their
appraisal rights, we have the right to terminate the Agreement and Plan of
Merger and remain a Nevada corporation.
IF
YOU WISH TO SEEK DISSENTER’S RIGHTS, YOU ARE URGED TO REVIEW THE APPLICABLE
NEVADA STATUTES ATTACHED TO THIS PROXY STATEMENT AS EXHIBIT
D.
IF
YOU
FAIL TO COMPLY STRICTLY WITH THE PROCEDURES DESCRIBED ABOVE, YOU WILL LOSE
YOUR
APPRAISAL RIGHTS. CONSEQUENTLY, IF YOU WISH TO EXERCISE YOUR APPRAISAL RIGHTS,
WE STRONGLY URGE YOU TO CONSULT A LEGAL ADVISOR BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO EXERCISE
YOUR APPRAISAL RIGHTS.
INTERESTS
OF CERTAIN PERSONS IN OR OPPOSITION TO MATTERS TO BE ACTED
UPON
No
officer or director has a substantial interest, direct or indirect, in the
proposed reincorporation.
THE
BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS THAT THE STOCKHOLDERS VOTE
FOR
THE AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER.
PROPOSAL
3
RATIFICATION
OF APPOINTMENT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITOR
Effective
May 27, 2004, our predecessor dismissed Stonefield Josephson , Inc., which
audited our predecessor’s financial statements for the fiscal years-ended
December 31, 2003 and 2002, and replaced the auditor with Jonathon P. Reuben,
CPA, to act as our independent accountant. The reports of Stonefield Josephson,
Inc. for those fiscal years did not contain an adverse opinion or disclaimer
of
opinion and were not qualified or modified as to audit scope or accounting
principles except as described herein. The report of Stonefield Josephson,
Inc.
for those fiscal years was qualified with respect to uncertainty as to our
predecessor’s ability to continue as a going concern. During our predecessor’s
2004 fiscal year through May 27, 2004, the date of dismissal, there were no
disagreements with Stonefield Josephson, Inc. on any matter of accounting
principles or practices, financial statements disclosure, or auditing scope
or
procedures, which disagreements, if not resolved to the satisfaction of
Stonefield Josephson, Inc., would have caused it to make reference to such
disagreements in its reports.
Our
predecessor’s unaudited financial statements for the quarter-ended March 31,
2004, were reviewed by Mr. Reuben. Stonefield Josephson, Inc. was not involved
with the review of the unaudited financial statements for the quarter ended
March 31, 2004. Our predecessor had authorized Stonefield Josephson, Inc. to
discuss any matter relating to it and its operations with Mr.
Reuben.
The
change in our auditor was recommended and approved by our board of directors
since we do not have an audit committee.
During
the two most recent fiscal years and subsequent interim period, there has been
no disagreements with Mr. Reuben on any matter of accounting principles or
practices, financial statements disclosure, or auditing scope or procedures,
which disagreements, if not resolved to the satisfaction of Mr. Reuben, would
have caused him to make reference to such disagreements in his reports.
Furthermore, during the stated period, we did not consult with Mr. Reuben
regarding the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction,
either completed or proposed, or the type of audit opinion that might be
rendered on the our financial statements, or any matter that was the subject
of
a disagreement or a reportable event as defined in the regulations of the
Securities and Exchange Commission.
Stonefield
Josephson has reviewed the disclosures contained in this Schedule 14A. We have
advised Stonefield Josephson that it has the opportunity to furnish us with
a
letter addressed to the Securities and Exchange Commission concerning any new
information, clarifying our disclosures herein, or stating any reason why
Stonefield Josephson does not agree with any of our statements made in this
Proxy Statement. Stonefield Josephson has advised us that nothing has come
to
its attention that would cause it to believe that any such letter was necessary.
Mr. Reuben has also reviewed the disclosures contained herein.
At
the
2006 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, the stockholders will vote on the
ratification of the Board of Director’s appointment of Jonathon P. Reuben,
certified public accountant, as independent auditor to audit our financial
statements for the fiscal year that began January 1, 2006. Neither Mr.
Reuben nor a representative of his will be present at the 2006 Annual Meeting
of
Stockholders; therefore, Mr. Reuben will not have an opportunity to make a
statement and will not be available to answer questions.
AUDIT
FEES. The aggregate fees billed in each of the fiscal years ended December
31,
2005 and 2004 for professional services rendered by the principal accountant
for
the audit of our annual financial statements and review of the financial
statements, or services that are normally provided by the accountant in
connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for those fiscal
years, were $12,400 and $16,500 respectively.
AUDIT-RELATED
FEES. There were no fees billed for services reasonably related to the
performance of the audit or review of the financial statements outside of those
fees disclosed above under “Audit Fees” for fiscal years 2005 and
2004.
TAX
FEES.
For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, our
principal accountants did not render any services for tax compliance, tax
advice, and tax planning work.
ALL
OTHER
FEES. None.
PRE-APPROVAL
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES. Prior to engaging our accountants to perform a
particular service, our board of directors obtains an estimate for the service
to be performed. All of the services described above were approved by the board
of directors in accordance with its procedures.
THE
BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS THAT THE STOCKHOLDERS VOTE
FOR
THE RATIFICATION OF THE APPOINTMENT OF THE AUDITOR.
OTHER
MATTERS
So
far as
the Board of Directors is aware, only the aforementioned matters will be acted
upon at the 2006 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. If any other matters properly
come before the meeting, the accompanying proxy may be voted on such other
matters in accordance with the best judgment of the person or persons voting
said proxy.
STOCKHOLDER
PROPOSALS FOR 2007
Unless
the Board of Directors determines otherwise, next year’s annual meeting will be
held on May 31, 2007. Any stockholder proposal intended for inclusion in the
proxy materials for the 2007 annual meeting must be received by our Secretary
no
later than January 31, 2007. Stockholder proposals submitted outside of the
process described in Rule 14a-8 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, will not be considered at any annual meeting of Stockholders. We will
not include in the Notice of Annual Meeting proposals not in compliance with
SEC
Rule 14a-8.
ANNUAL
REPORT
Our
Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the fiscal year ended December 31,
2005 (“Annual Report”) and our Quarterly Report for the period ended
September 30, 2006 (“Quarterly Report”) are included with the proxy
soliciting material and are being mailed to our stockholders together with
this
Proxy Statement. Additional copies of the Annual Report and/or the Quarterly
Report may be obtained by contacting us.
HOUSEHOLDING
As
permitted by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, only one copy
of
this Proxy Statement is being delivered to stockholders residing at the same
address, unless such stockholders have notified us of their desire to receive
multiple copies of the Proxy Statement.
We
will
promptly deliver, upon oral or written request, a separate copy of the Proxy
Statement to any stockholder residing at an address to which only one copy
was
mailed. Requests for additional copies should be directed to Earl W. Abbott,
by
phone at 775-827-2324 or by mail to Tornado Gold International Corp., 8600
Technology Way, Suite 118, Reno, Nevada 895212.
Stockholders
residing at the same address and currently receiving only one copy of the Proxy
Statement may contact Earl W. Abbott, by phone at 775-827-2324 or by mail to
Tornado Gold International Corp., 8600 Technology Way, Suite 118, Reno, Nevada
89521, to request multiple copies of the Proxy Statement in the
future.
Stockholders
residing at the same address and currently receiving multiple copies of the
annual report or Proxy Statement may contact Earl W. Abbott, by phone at
775-827-2324 or by mail to Tornado Gold International Corp., 8600 Technology
Way, Suite 118, Reno, Nevada 89521, to request that only a single copy of the
annual report and/or Proxy Statement be mailed in the future.
|
For
the Board of Directors,
|
|
/s/
Earl W. Abbott
EARL
W. ABBOTT
Chairman
of the Board, Chief Executive Officer,
President,
and Secretary
|
December
27, 2006
Reno,
Nevada
|
|
EXHIBIT
A
Certificate
of Incorporation
(attached)
CERTIFICATE
OF INCORPORATION
OF
TORNADO
GOLD INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
1. The
name
of the Corporation is Tornado Gold International Corporation.
2. The
address of its registered office in the State of Delaware is 160 Greentree
Drive, Suite 101, in the City of Dover, County of Kent. The name of its
registered agent at such address is National Registered Agents,
Inc.
3. The
nature of the business or purposes to be conducted or promoted is to engage
in
any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the
General Corporation Law of Delaware.
4. (a) The
total
number of shares which the Corporation will have authority to issue is One
Hundred Five Million (105,000,000) shares, of which One Hundred Million
(100,000,000) will be shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share
(“Common Stock”), and Five Million (5,000,000) will be shares of preferred
stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Preferred Stock”).
(b) Shares
of
Preferred Stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series, each
of
which is to have a distinctive serial designation as determined in the
resolution or resolutions of the board of directors providing for the issuance
of such Preferred Stock from time to time.
(c) Each
series of Preferred Stock:
|
(i)
|
may
have such number of shares;
|
|
(ii)
|
may
have such voting powers or may be without voting
powers;
|
|
(iii)
|
may
be subject to redemption at such time or times and at such
price;
|
|
(iv)
|
may
be entitled to receive dividends (which may be cumulative or
noncumulative) at such rate or rates, or such conditions, from such
date
or dates, and at such times, and payable in preference to, or in
such
relation to, the dividends payable on any other class or classes
or series
of stock;
|
|
(v)
|
may
have such rights upon the dissolution of, or upon any distribution
of the
assets of, the Corporation;
|
|
(vi)
|
may
be made convertible into, or exchangeable for, shares of any other
class
or classes, or of any other series of the same class or of any other
class
or classes, of stock of the Corporation at such price or prices or
at such
rates of exchange, and with
adjustments;
|
|
(vii)
|
may
be entitled to the benefit of a sinking fund or purchase fund to be
applied to the purchase or redemption of shares of such series in
such
amount or amounts;
|
|
(viii)
|
may
be entitled to the benefit of conditions and restrictions upon the
creation of indebtedness of the Corporation or any subsidiary, upon
the
issuance of any additional stock (including additional shares of
such
series or of any other series) and upon the payment of dividends
or the
making of other distributions on, and the purchase, redemption or
other
acquisition by the Corporation of stock of any class;
and
|
|
(ix)
|
may
have such other relative, participating, optional or other special
rights,
and qualifications, limitations or restrictions
thereof
|
as
in
such instance is stated in the resolution or resolutions of the board of
directors providing for the issuance of such Preferred Stock. Except where
otherwise set forth in such resolution or resolutions the number of shares
comprising such series may be increased or decreased (but not below the number
of shares then outstanding) from time to time by like action of the board of
directors.
5. The
name
and mailing address of the incorporator is Earl W. Abbott, 8600 Technology
Way,
Suite 118, Reno, Nevada 89521.
Earl
W.
Abbott, Carl A. Pescio, and George Drazenovic shall each serve as a director
until the first annual meeting of the stockholders or until their respective
successor is elected and qualified. The mailing address of each director is
8600
Technology Way, Suite 118, Reno, Nevada 89521.
6. The
Corporation is to have perpetual existence.
7. The
Corporation reserves the right to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision
contained in this Certificate of Incorporation, in the manner now or hereafter
prescribed by statute, and all rights conferred upon stockholders herein are
granted subject to this reservation.
8. A
director of the Corporation shall not be personally liable to the Corporation
or
its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director
except for liability (i) for any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to
the
Corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith
or
which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) under
Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or (iv) for any transaction
from which the director derived any improper personal benefit.
THE
UNDERSIGNED, being the sole incorporator hereinbefore named, for the purpose
of
forming a corporation pursuant to the General Corporation Law of the State
of
Delaware, does make this Certificate, hereby declaring and certifying that
this
is my act and deed and the facts herein stated are true, and accordingly have
hereunto set my hand this [_______]
day
of
_________, 2007.
|
|
|
Earl W. Abbott,
Incorporator |
EXHIBIT
B
Bylaws
(attached)
BY-LAWS
OF TORNADO GOLD INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
ARTICLE 1
The
Corporation
Section
1
-
Name
The
legal
name of this corporation (hereinafter called the "Corporation") is Tornado
Gold International Corporation.
Section
2
-
Offices
The
Corporation shall have its principal office in the State of Delaware or at
such
other places within and without the United States as the Board of Directors
may
from time to time appoint or the business of the Corporation may
require.
Section
3
-
Seal
The
corporate seal, if any, shall be in such form approved by the Board of Directors
from time to time. The corporate seal, if so adopted, shall have inscribed
thereon the name of the Corporation, the year of its organization and the words
"Corporate Seal, Delaware". One or more duplicate dies for impressing such
seal
may be kept and used.
ARTICLE 2
Meetings
of Shareholders
Section
1
- Place
of Meetings
All
meetings of the shareholders shall be held at the principal office of the
Corporation in the State of Delaware or at such other place, within or without
the United States, as is fixed in the notice of the meeting.
Section
2
- Annual
Meetings
An
annual
meeting of the shareholders of the Corporation for the election of directors
and
the transaction of such other business as may properly come before the meeting
shall be held within five months after the close of the fiscal year of the
Corporation. If for any reason any annual meeting shall not be held at the
time
herein specified, the same may be held at any time thereafter upon notice,
as
herein provided, or the business thereof may be transacted at any special
meeting called for the purpose.
Section
3
-
Special Meetings
Special
meetings of shareholders may be called by the President whenever he deems it
necessary or advisable. A special meeting of the shareholders shall be called
by
the President whenever so directed in writing by a majority of the entire Board
of Directors or whenever the holders of one-third (1/3) of the number of shares
of the capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting shall,
in writing, request the same.
Section
4
- Notice
of Meetings
Notice
of
the time and place of the annual and of each special meeting of the shareholders
shall be given to each of the shareholders entitled to vote at such meeting
by
mailing the same in a postage prepaid wrapper addressed to each such
shareholders at his address as it appears on the books of the Corporation,
or by
delivering the same personally to any such shareholder in lieu of such mailing,
at least ten (10) and not more than fifty (50) days prior to each meeting.
Meetings may be held without notice if all of the shareholders entitled to
vote
thereat are present in person or by proxy, or if notice thereof is waived by
all
such shareholders not present in person or by proxy, before or after the
meeting. Notice by mail shall be deemed to be given when deposited, with postage
thereon prepaid. If a meeting is adjourned to another time, not more than thirty
(30) days hence, or to another place, and if an announcement of the adjourned
time or place is made at the meeting, it shall not be necessary to give notice
of the adjourned meeting unless the Board of Directors, after adjournment fix
a
new record date for the adjourned meeting. Notice of the annual and each special
meeting of the shareholders shall indicate that it is being issued by or at
the
direction of the person or persons calling the meeting, and shall state the
name
and capacity of each such person. Notice of each special meeting shall also
state the purpose or purposes for which it has been called. Neither the business
to be transacted at nor the purpose of the annual or any special meeting of
the
shareholders need be specified in any written waiver of notice.
Section
5
- Record
Date for Shareholders
For
the
purpose of determining the shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at
any
meeting of shareholders or any adjournment thereof, or to express consent to
corporate action in writing without a meeting, or for the purpose of determining
shareholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution
or the allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect
of
any change, conversion, or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other
lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which
shall not be more than fifty (50) days nor less than ten (10) days before the
date of such meeting, nor more than fifty (50) days prior to any other action.
If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining shareholders
entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of shareholders shall be at the
close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given,
or, if no notice is given, the day on which the meeting is held; the record
date
for determining shareholders entitled to express consent to corporate action
in
writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the Board of Directors is
necessary, shall be the day on which the first written consent is expressed;
and
the record date for determining shareholders for any other purpose shall be
at
the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the
resolution relating thereto. A determination of shareholders of record entitled
to notice of or to vote at any meeting of shareholders shall apply to any
adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors
may
fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
Section
6
- Proxy
Representation
Every
shareholder may authorize another person or persons to act for him by proxy
in
all matters in which a shareholder is entitled to participate, whether by
waiving notice of any meeting, voting or participating at a meeting, or
expressing consent or dissent without a meeting. Every proxy must be signed
by
the shareholder or by his attorney-in-fact. No proxy shall be voted or acted
upon after eleven (11) months from its date unless such proxy provides for
a
longer period. Every proxy shall be revocable at the pleasure of the shareholder
executing it.
Section
7
- Voting
at Shareholders' Meetings
Each
share of stock shall entitle the holder thereof to one vote. In the election
of
directors, a plurality of the votes cast shall elect. Any other action shall
be
authorized by a majority of the votes cast except where the Delaware Business
Corporation Law prescribes a different percentage of votes or a different
exercise of voting power. In the election of directors, and for any other
action, voting need not be by ballot.
Section
8
- Quorum
and Adjournment
Except
for a special election of directors pursuant to the Delaware Business
Corporation Law, the presence, in person or by proxy, of the holders of one
third (1/3) of the shares of the stock of the Corporation outstanding and
entitled to vote thereat shall be requisite and shall constitute a quorum at
any
meeting of the shareholders. When a quorum is once present to organize a
meeting, it shall not be broken by the subsequent withdrawal of any
shareholders. If at any meeting of the shareholders there shall be less than
a
quorum so present, the shareholders present in person or by proxy and entitled
to vote thereat, may adjourn the meeting from time to time until a quorum shall
be present, but no business shall be transacted at any such adjourned meeting
except such as might have been lawfully transacted had the meeting not
adjourned.
Section
9
- List
of Shareholders
The
officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare,
make and certify, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of shareholders,
a
complete list of the shareholders, as of the record date fixed for such meeting,
arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each shareholder
and
the number of shares registered in the name of each shareholder. Such list
shall
be open to the examination of any shareholder, for any purpose germane to the
meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10)
days
prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city or other municipality
or
community where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be produced
and
kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and
may
be inspected by any shareholder who is present. If the right to vote at any
meeting is challenged, the inspectors of election, if any, or the person
presiding thereat, shall require such list of shareholders to be produced as
evidence of the right of the persons challenged to vote at such meeting, and
all
persons who appear from such list to be shareholders entitled to vote thereat
may vote at such meeting.
Section
10
-
Inspectors of Election
The
Board
of Directors, in advance of any meeting, may, but need not, appoint one or
more
inspectors of election to act at the meeting or any adjournment thereof. If
an
inspector or inspectors are not appointed, the person presiding at the meeting
may, and at the request of any shareholder entitled to vote thereat shall,
appoint one or more inspectors. In case any person who may be appointed as
an
inspector fails to appear or act, the vacancy may be filled by appointment
made
by the Board of Directors in advance of the meeting or at the meeting by the
person presiding thereat. Each inspector, if any, before entering upon the
discharge of his duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute
the
duties of the inspector at such meeting with strict impartiality and according
to the best of his ability. The inspectors, if any, shall determine the number
of shares of stock outstanding and the voting power of each, the shares of
stock
represented at the meeting, the existence of a quorum, the validity and effect
of proxies, and shall receive votes, ballots or consents, hear and determine
all
challenges and questions arising in connection with the right to vote, count
and
tabulate all votes, ballots or consents, determine the result, and do such
acts
as are proper to conduct the election or vote with fairness to all shareholders.
On request of the person presiding at the meeting or any shareholder entitled
to
vote thereat, the inspector or inspectors, if any, shall make a report in
writing of any challenge, question or matter determined by him or them and
execute a certificate of any fact found by him or them. Any report or
certificate made by the inspector or inspectors shall be prima facie evidence
of
the facts stated and of the vote as certified by them.
Section
11
- Action
of the Shareholders Without Meetings
Any
action which may be taken at any annual or special meeting of the shareholders
may be taken without a meeting on written consent, setting forth the action
so
taken, signed by the holders of all outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon.
Written consent thus given by the holders of all outstanding shares entitled
to
vote shall have the same effect as a unanimous vote of the
shareholders.
ARTICLE 3
Directors
Section
1 - Number of Directors
The
number of directors which shall constitute the entire Board of Directors shall
be no less than one (1) but no more than fifteen (15). Subject to the foregoing
limitation, such number may be fixed from time to time by action of a majority
of the entire Board of Directors or of the shareholders at an annual or special
meeting, or, if the number of directors is not so fixed, the number shall be
three (3). No decrease in the number of directors shall shorten the term of
any
incumbent director.
Section
2 - Election and Term
The
initial Board of Directors shall be elected by the incorporator and each initial
director so elected shall hold office until the first annual meeting of
shareholders and until his successor has been elected and qualified. Thereafter,
each director who is elected at an annual meeting of shareholders, and each
director who is elected in the interim to fill a vacancy or a newly created
directorship, shall hold office until the next annual meeting of shareholders
and until his successor has been elected and qualified.
Section
3
-
Filling Vacancies, Resignation and Removal
Any
director may tender his resignation at any time. Any director or the entire
Board of Directors may be removed, with or without cause, by vote of the
shareholders. In the interim between annual meetings of shareholders or special
meetings of shareholders called for the election of directors or for the removal
of one or more directors and for the filling of any vacancy in that connection,
newly created directorships and any vacancies in the Board of Directors,
including unfilled vacancies resulting from the resignation or removal of
directors for cause or without cause, may be filled by the vote of a majority
of
the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by
the
sole remaining director.
Section
4
-
Qualifications and Powers
Each
director shall be at least eighteen (18) years of age. A director need not
be a
shareholder, a citizen of the United States or a resident of the State of
Delaware. The business of the Corporation shall be managed by the Board of
Directors, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation. In
addition to the powers and authorities by these By-Laws expressly conferred
upon
it, the Board of Directors may exercise all such powers of the Corporation
and
do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or by the Certificate
of Incorporation or by these By-Laws directed or required to be exercised or
done exclusively by the shareholders.
Section
5
-
Regular and Special Meetings of the Board of Directors
The
Board
of Directors may hold its meetings, whether regular or special, either within
or
without the State of Delaware. The newly elected Board of Directors may meet
at
such place and time as shall be fixed by the vote of the shareholders at the
annual meeting, for the purpose of organization or otherwise, and no notice
of
such meeting shall be necessary to the newly elected directors in order legally
to constitute the meeting, provided a majority of the entire Board of Directors
shall be present; or they may meet at such place and time as shall be fixed
by
the consent in writing of all directors. Regular meetings of the Board of
Directors may be held with or without notice at such time and place as shall
from time to time be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors.
Whenever the time or place of regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall
have been determined by resolution of the Board of Directors, no regular
meetings shall be held pursuant to any resolution of the Board of Directors
altering or modifying its previous resolution relating to the time or place
of
the holding of regular meetings, without first giving at least three (3) days
written notice to each director, either personally or by telegram or facsimile,
or at least five (5) days written notice to each director by mail, of the
substance and effect of such new resolution relating to the time and place
at
which regular meetings of the Board of Directors may thereafter be held without
notice. Special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held whenever called
by the President, Vice-President, the Secretary or any director in writing.
Notice of each special meeting of the Board of Directors shall be delivered
personally to each director or sent by telegram or facsimile to his residence
or
usual place of business at least three (3) days before the meeting, or mailed
to
him to his residence or usual place of business at least five (5) days before
the meeting. Meetings of the Board of Directors, whether regular or special,
may
be held at any time and place, and for any purpose, without notice, when all
the
directors are present or when all directors not present shall, in writing,
waive
notice of and consent to the holding of such meeting, which waiver and consent
may be given after the holding of such meeting. All or any of the directors
may
waive notice of any meeting and the presence of a director at any meeting of
the
Board of Directors shall be deemed a waiver of notice thereof by him. A notice,
or waiver of notice, need not specify the purpose or purposes of any regular
or
special meeting of the Board of Directors.
Section
6
- Quorum
and Action
A
majority of the entire Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum except
that
when the entire Board of Directors consists of one director, then one director
shall constitute a quorum, and except that when a vacancy or vacancies prevents
such majority, a majority of the directors in office shall constitute a quorum,
provided that such majority shall constitute at least one-third (1/3) of the
entire Board of Directors. A majority of the directors present, whether or
not
they constitute a quorum, may adjourn a meeting to another time and place.
Except as herein otherwise provided, and except as otherwise provided by the
Delaware Business Corporation Law, the vote of the majority of the directors
present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board
of Directors. All directors and classes of directors shall have equal voting
rights at any meetings of the Board of Directors.
Section
7
-
Telephonic Meetings
Any
member or members of the Board of Directors, or of any committee designated
by
the Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors,
or any such committee, as the case may be, by means of conference telephone
or
similar communications equipment allowing all persons participating in the
meeting to hear each other at the same time, and participation in a meeting
by
such means shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.
Section
8
- Action
Without a Meeting
Any
action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of
Directors, or of any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all
members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent
thereto in writing, and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes
of
proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee.
Section
9
-
Compensation of Directors
By
resolution of the Board of Directors, the directors may be paid their expenses,
if any, for attendance at each regular or special meeting of the Board of
Directors or of any committee designated by the Board of Directors and may
be
paid a fixed sum for attendance at such meeting, or a stated salary as director,
or both. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any director
from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation
therefor; provided, however, that directors who are also salaried officers
shall
not receive fees or salaries as directors.
Section
10
-
Granting or Denying Stockholder Rights
Notwithstanding
any provision of the Delaware Business Corporations Law to the contrary, the
directors shall not be entitled to grant or deny any rights, privileges, powers
or authorities to the stockholders of the Corporation that they would not have
been entitled to grant or deny had the Corporation been constituted pursuant
to
the Canada
Business Corporations Act
(R.S.C.
1985, c. C-44), as amended from time to time (the "CBCA").
ARTICLE 4
Committees
Section
1
- In
General
The
Board
of Directors may, by resolution or resolutions passed by the affirmative vote
therefore of a majority of the entire Board of Directors, designate an Executive
Committee and such other committees as the Board of Directors may from time
to
time determine, each to consist of one (1) or more directors, and each of which,
to the extent provided in the resolution or in the Certificate of Incorporation
or in the By-Laws, shall have all the powers of the Board of Directors, except
that no such Committee shall have power to fill vacancies in the Board of
Directors, or to change the membership of or to fill vacancies in any committee,
or to make, amend, repeal or adopt By-Laws of the Corporation, or to submit
to
the shareholders any action that needs shareholder approval under these By-Laws
or the Delaware Business Corporation Law, or to fix the compensation of the
directors for serving on the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, or
to
amend or repeal any resolution of the Board of Directors which by its terms
shall not be so amendable or repealable. Each committee shall serve at the
pleasure of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may designate one
or
more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent
or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or
disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof
present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he
or
they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board
of
Directors of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent
or
disqualified member.
Section
2
-
Executive Committee
Except
as
otherwise limited by the Board of Directors or by these By-Laws, the Executive
Committee, if so designated by the Board of Directors, shall have and may
exercise, when the Board of Directors is not in session, all the powers of
the
Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the
Corporation, and shall have power to authorize the seal of the Corporation
to be
affixed to all papers which may require it. The Board of Directors shall have
the power at any time to change the membership of the Executive Committee,
to
fill vacancies in it, or to dissolve it. The Executive Committee may make rules
for the conduct of its business and may appoint such assistance as it shall
from
time to time deem necessary. A majority of the members of the Executive
Committee, if more than a single member, shall constitute a quorum.
ARTICLE 5
Officers
Section
1
-
Designation, Term and Vacancies
The
officers of the Corporation shall be a President, one or more Vice-Presidents, a
Secretary, a Treasurer, and such other officers as the Board of Directors may
from time to time deem necessary. Such officers may have and perform the powers
and duties usually pertaining to their respective offices, the powers and duties
respectively prescribed by law and by these By-Laws, and such additional powers
and duties as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Directors.
The
same person may hold any two or more offices. The initial officers of the
Corporation shall be appointed by the initial Board of Directors, each to hold
office until the meeting of the Board of Directors following the first annual
meeting of shareholders and until his successor has been appointed and
qualified. Thereafter, the officers of the Corporation shall be appointed by
the
Board of Directors as soon as practicable after the election of the Board of
Directors at the annual meeting of shareholders, and each officer so appointed
shall hold office until the first meeting of the Board of Directors following
the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his successor has been
appointed and qualified. Any officer may be removed at any time, with or without
cause, by the affirmative note therefor of a majority of the entire Board of
Directors. All other agents and employees of the Corporation shall hold office
during the pleasure of the Board of Directors. Vacancies occurring among the
officers of the Corporation shall be filled by the Board of Directors. The
salaries of all officers of the Corporation shall be fixed by the Board of
Directors.
Section
2
-
President
The
President shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders and at all meetings
of the Board of Directors at which he may be present. Subject to the direction
of the Board of Directors, he shall be the chief executive officer of the
Corporation, and shall have general charge of the entire business of the
Corporation. He may sign certificates of stock and sign and seal bonds,
debentures, contracts or other obligations authorized by the Board of Directors,
and may, without previous authority of the Board of Directors, make such
contracts as the ordinary conduct of the Corporation's business requires. He
shall have the usual powers and duties vested in the President of a corporation.
He shall have power to select and appoint all necessary officers and employees
of the Corporation, except those selected by the Board of Directors, and to
remove all such officers and employees except those selected by the Board of
Directors, and make new appointments to fill vacancies. He may delegate any
of
his powers to a Vice-President of the Corporation.
Section
3
-
Vice-President
A
Vice-President shall have such of the President's powers and duties as the
President may from time to time delegate to him, and shall have such other
powers and perform such other duties as may be assigned to him by the Board
of
Directors. During the absence or incapacity of the President, the
Vice-President, or, if there be more than one, the Vice-President having the
greatest seniority in office, shall perform the duties of the President, and
when so acting shall have all the powers and be subject to all the
responsibilities of the office of President.
Section
4
-
Treasurer
The
Treasurer shall have custody of such funds and securities of the Corporation
as
may come to his hands or be committed to his care by the Board of Directors.
Whenever necessary or proper, he shall endorse on behalf of the Corporation,
for
collection, checks, notes, or other obligations, and shall deposit the same
to
the credit of the Corporation in such bank or banks or depositaries, approved
by
the Board of Directors as the Board of Directors or President may designate.
He
may sign receipts or vouchers for payments made to the Corporation, and the
Board of Directors may require that such receipts or vouchers shall also be
signed by some other officer to be designated by them. Whenever required by
the
Board of Directors, he shall render a statement of his cash accounts and such
other statements respecting the affairs of the Corporation as may be required.
He shall keep proper and accurate books of account. He shall perform all acts
incident to the office of Treasurer, subject to the control of the Board of
Directors.
Section
5
-
Secretary
The
Secretary shall have custody of the seal of the Corporation and when required
by
the Board of Directors, or when any instrument shall have been signed by the
President duly authorized to sign the same, or when necessary to attest any
proceedings of the shareholders or directors, shall affix it to any instrument
requiring the same and shall attest the same with his signature, provided that
the seal may be affixed by the President or Vice-President or other officer
of
the Corporation to any document executed by either of them respectively on
behalf of the Corporation which does not require the attestation of the
Secretary. He shall attend to the giving and serving of notices of meetings.
He
shall have charge of such books and papers as properly belong to his office
or
as may be committed to his care by the Board of Directors. He shall perform
such
other duties as appertain to his office or as may be required by the Board
of
Directors.
Section
6
-
Delegation
In
case
of the absence of any officer of the Corporation, or for any other reason that
the Board of Directors may deem sufficient, the Board of Directors may
temporarily delegate the powers or duties, or any of them, of such officer
to
any other officer or to any director.
ARTICLE 6
Stock
Section
1
-
Issuance of Shares and Certificates Representing Shares
The
capital stock of the Corporation after the fixed consideration therefore has
been paid, will not be subject to assessment and the holder thereof is not
individually liable for the debts and liabilities of the Corporation. Shares
in
the capital stock of the Corporation shall be issued in registered form
only.
All
certificates representing shares of the capital stock of the Corporation shall
be in such form not inconsistent with the Certificate of Incorporation, these
By-Laws or the Delaware Business Corporation Laws. Such shares shall be approved
by the Board of Directors, and shall be signed by the President or a
Vice-President and by the Secretary or the Treasurer. Certificates countersigned
by a duly appointed transfer agent and/or registered by a duly appointed
registrar shall be deemed to be so signed and sealed whether the signatures
be
manual or facsimile signatures and whether the seal be a facsimile seal or
any
other form of seal. All certificates shall be consecutively numbered and the
name of the person owning the shares represented thereby, his residence, with
the number of such shares and the date of issue, shall be entered on the
Corporation's stock ledger. The stock ledger will be accessible to the
stockholders of the Corporation in the same manner and on the same conditions
as
if the Corporation had been incorporated under the CBCA. All certificates
surrendered shall be cancelled and no new certificates issued until the former
certificates for the same number of shares shall have been surrendered and
cancelled, except as provided for herein.
Shares
in
the capital stock of the Corporation shall not be issued until the consideration
for the share is fully paid in money or in property or past services that are
not less in value than the fair equivalent of the money that the Corporation
would have received if the share had been issued for money. In determining
whether property or past services are the fair equivalent of a money
consideration, the directors may take into account reasonable charges and
expenses of organization and re-organization and payments for property and
past
services reasonably expected to benefit the Corporation. For the purposes of
this Article, "property" shall not include a promissory note, or a promise
to
pay, that is made by a person to whom a share is issued, or a person who does
not deal at arm’s length, within the meaning of that expression in the
Income
Tax Act (Canada),
with a
person to whom a share is issued.
Directors
of the Corporation who vote for or consent to a resolution authorizing the
issue
of a share in the capital stock of the Corporation for a consideration to make
good any amount by which the consideration received is less than the fair
equivalent of the money that the Corporation would have received if the share
had been issued for money on the date of the resolution.
In
case
any officer or officers who shall have signed or whose facsimile signature
or
signatures shall have been affixed to any such certificate or certificates,
shall cease to be such officer or officers of the Corporation before such
certificate or certificates shall have been delivered by the Corporation, such
certificate or certificates may nevertheless be adopted by the Corporation,
and
may be issued and delivered as though the person or persons who signed such
certificates, or whose facsimile signature or signatures shall have been affixed
thereto, had not ceased to be such officer or officers of the
Corporation.
Any
restriction on the transfer or registration of transfer of any shares of stock
of any class or series shall be noted conspicuously on the certificate
representing such shares.
Section
2
-
Fractional Share Interests
The
Corporation, may, but shall not be required to, issue certificates for fractions
of a share. If the Corporation does not issue fractions of a share, it shall:
(1) arrange for the disposition of fractional interests by those entitled
thereto; (2) pay in cash the fair value of fractions of a share as of the time
when those entitled to receive such fractions are determined; or (3) issue
scrip
or warrants in registered or bearer form which shall entitle the holder to
receive a certificate for a full share upon the surrender of such scrip or
warrants aggregating a full share. A certificate for a fractional share shall,
but scrip or warrants shall not unless otherwise provided therein, entitle
the
holder to exercise voting rights, to receive dividends thereon, and to
participate in any distribution of the assets of the Corporation in the event
of
liquidation. The Board of Directors may cause scrip or warrants to be issued
subject to the conditions that they shall become void if not exchanged for
certificates representing full shares before a specified date, or subject to
the
condition that the shares for which scrip or warrants are exchangeable may
be
sold by the Corporation and the proceeds thereof distributed to the holders
of
scrip or warrants, or subject to any other conditions which the Board of
Directors may impose.
Section
3
-
Addresses of Shareholders
Every
shareholder shall furnish the Corporation with an address to which notices
of
meetings and other notices may be served upon or mailed to him, and in default
thereof notices may be addressed to him at his last known post office address.
Section
4
-
Stolen, Lost or Destroyed Certificates
The
Board
of Directors may in its sole discretion direct that a new certificate or
certificates of stock be issued in place of any certificate or certificates
of
stock theretofore issued by the Corporation, alleged to have been stolen, lost
or destroyed, and the Board of Directors when authorizing the issuance of such
new certificate or certificates, may, in its discretion, and as a condition
precedent thereto, require the owner of such stolen, lost or destroyed
certificate or certificates or his legal representatives to give to the
Corporation and to such registrar or registrars and/or transfer agent or
transfer agents as may be authorized or required to countersign such new
certificate or certificates, a bond in such sum as the Corporation may direct
not exceeding double the value of the stock represented by the certificate
alleged to have been stolen, lost or destroyed, as indemnity against any claim
that may be made against them or any of them for or in respect of the shares
of
stock represented by the certificate alleged to have been stolen, lost or
destroyed.
Section
5
-
Transfers of Shares
Upon
compliance with all provisions restricting the transferability of shares, if
any, transfers of stock shall be made only upon the books of the Corporation
by
the holder in person or by his attorney thereunto authorized by power of
attorney duly filed with the Secretary of the Corporation or with a transfer
agent or registrar, if any, upon the surrender and cancellation of the
certificate or certificates for such shares properly endorsed and the payment
of
all taxes due thereon. The Board of Directors may appoint one or more suitable
banks and/or trust companies as transfer agents and/or registrars of transfers,
for facilitating transfers of any class or series of stock of the Corporation
by
the holders thereof under such regulations as the Board of Directors may from
time to time prescribe. Upon such appointment being made all certificates of
stock of such class or series thereafter issued shall be countersigned by one
of
such transfer agents and/or one of such registrars of transfers, and shall
not
be valid unless so countersigned.
ARTICLE 7
Dividends
and Finance
Section
1
-
Dividends
The
Board
of Directors shall have power to fix and determine and to vary, from time to
time, the amount of the working capital of the Corporation before declaring
any
dividends among its shareholders, and to direct and determine the use and
disposition of any net profits or surplus, and to determine the date or dates
for the declaration and payment of dividends and to determine the amount of
any
dividend, and the amount of any reserves necessary in their judgment before
declaring any dividends among its shareholder, and to determine the amount
of
the net profits of the Corporation from time to time available for
dividends.
Section
2
- Fiscal
Year
The
fiscal year of the Corporation shall end on the last day of the month in each
year as designated by the Board of Directors and shall begin on the next
succeeding day, or shall be for such other period as the Board of Directors
may
from time to time designate with the consent of the Department of Taxation
and
Finance, where applicable.
ARTICLE 8
Miscellaneous
Provisions
Section
1
-
Directors’ and Officers’ Liability
Subject
to the foregoing, no director or officer of the Corporation shall be personally
liable to the Corporation or any of its stockholders for damages for breach
of
fiduciary duty as a director or officer involving any act or omission of any
such director or officer, provided, however, that the foregoing provision shall
not eliminate or limit the liability of a director or officer for acts or
omission which involve intentional misconduct, fraud or a violation of law,
or
the payment of dividends in violation of the Delaware Corporations Laws. Any
repeal or modification of this Article by the stockholders of the Corporation
shall only be prospective, and shall not adversely affect any limitation on
the
personal liability of a director of the Corporation for acts or omissions prior
to such repeal or modification.
Nothing
in this Article 8 or in the By-Laws of the Corporation shall be interpreted
as
limiting the liability of the directors and officers of the Corporation in
a
manner that would not be permissible under the CBCA had the Corporation been
constituted under the CBCA.
Section
2
- Rights
of Shareholders Dissent and Minority Shareholder Rights
Section
190 of the CBCA shall apply to the Corporation, mutatis
mutandis,
as if
the Corporation had been constituted pursuant to the CBCA.
Section
3
- Stock
of Other Corporations
The
Board
of Directors shall have the right to authorize any director, officer or other
person on behalf of the Corporation to attend, act and vote at meetings of
the
shareholders of any corporation in which the Corporation shall hold stock,
and
to exercise thereat any and all rights and powers incident to the ownership
of
such stock, and to execute waivers of notice of such meetings and calls
therefor; and authority may be given to exercise the same either on one or
more
designated occasions, or generally on all occasions until revoked by the Board
of Directors. In the event that the Board of Directors shall fail to give such
authority, such authority may be exercised by the President in person or by
proxy appointed by him on behalf of the Corporation.
Any
stocks or securities owned by this Corporation may, if so determined by the
Board of Directors, be registered either in the name of this Corporation or
in
the name of any nominee or nominees appointed for that purpose by the Board
of
Directors.
Section
4
- Books
and Records
Subject
to the Delaware Business Corporation Law, the Corporation may keep its books
and
accounts outside the State of Delaware.
Section
5
-
Notices
Whenever
any notice is required by these By-Laws to be given, personal notice is not
meant unless expressly so stated, and any notice so required shall be deemed
to
be sufficient if given by depositing the same in a post office box in a sealed
postpaid wrapper, addressed to the person entitled thereto at his last known
post office address, and such notice shall be deemed to have been given on
the
day of such mailing. Whenever any notice whatsoever is required to be given
under the provisions of any law, or under the provisions of the Certificate
of
Incorporation or these By-Laws a waiver in writing, signed by the person or
persons entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time stated
therein, shall be deemed equivalent thereto.
Section
6
-
Amendments
Except
as
otherwise provided herein, these By-Laws may be altered, amended or repealed
and
By-Laws may be made at any annual meeting of the shareholders or at any special
meeting thereof if notice of the proposed alteration, amendment or repeal,
or
By-Law or By-Laws to be made be contained in the notice of such special meeting,
by the holders of a majority of the shares of stock of the Corporation
outstanding and entitled to vote thereat; or by a majority of the Board of
Directors at any regular meeting of the Board of Directors, or at any special
meeting of the Board of Directors, if notice of the proposed alteration,
amendment or repeal, or By-Law or By-Laws to be made, be contained in the notice
of such special meeting.
EXHIBIT
C
Agreement
and Plan of Merger
(attached)
AGREEMENT
AND PLAN OF MERGER
OF
TORNADO
GOLD INTERNATIONAL CORP.
(A
NEVADA CORPORATION)
WITH
AND
INTO
TORNADO
GOLD INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
(A
DELAWARE CORPORATION)
This
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER (this “Agreement”) dated this ___ day of
______________ 2007, by and between TORNADO GOLD INTERNATIONAL CORP., a
Nevada corporation (“TORNADO-NEVADA”), and TORNADO GOLD INTERNATIONAL
CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of TORNADO-NEVADA
(“TORNADO-DELAWARE”), is made with respect to the following facts.
RECITALS
WHEREAS,
TORNADO-NEVADA is a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws
of
the State of Nevada;
WHEREAS,
TORNADO-DELAWARE is a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws
of
the State of Delaware;
WHEREAS,
the respective Boards of Directors for TORNADO-NEVADA and TORNADO-DELAWARE
have
determined that, for purposes of effecting the reincorporation of TORNADO-NEVADA
in the State of Delaware, it is advisable and to the advantage of said two
corporations and their stockholders that TORNADO-NEVADA merge with and into
TORNADO-DELAWARE so that TORNADO-DELAWARE is the surviving corporation on the
terms provided herein (the “Merger”); and
WHEREAS,
the respective Board of Directors TORNADO-NEVADA and TORNADO-DELAWARE, the
stockholders of TORNADO-NEVADA, and the sole stockholder of TORNADO-DELAWARE
have adopted and approved this Agreement.
NOW
THEREFORE, based upon the foregoing, and in consideration of the mutual promises
and covenants contained herein and other good and valuable consideration, the
receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties to this Agreement agree
as
follows.
ARTICLE I
- THE MERGER
1.1
The
Merger; Surviving Corporation.
Subject
to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, at the Effective Time
(as defined in Section 1.2 below), TORNADO-NEVADA shall be merged with and
into TORNADO-DELAWARE, subject to and upon the terms and conditions provided
in
this Agreement and the applicable provisions of the General Corporation Law
of
the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”) and the applicable provisions of the General
Corporation Law of the State of Nevada (the “NGCL”), and the separate existence
of TORNADO-NEVADA shall cease. TORNADO-DELAWARE shall be the surviving entity
(the “Surviving Corporation”) and shall continue to be governed by the
DGCL.
1.2
Constituent
Corporations.
The
name, address, jurisdiction of organization and governing law of each of the
constituent corporations is as follows:
(a)
TORNADO-NEVADA:
Tornado Gold International Corp., a corporation organized under and governed
by
the laws of the State of Nevada with an address of 8600 Technology Way, Suite
118, Reno, Nevada 89521; and
(b) TORNADO-DELAWARE:
Tornado Gold International Corporation, a corporation organized under and
governed by the laws of the State of Delaware with an address of 8600 Technology
Way, Suite 118, Reno, Nevada 89521.
1.3
Surviving
Corporation.
Tornado
Gold International Corporation, a corporation organized under the laws of the
State of Delaware, shall be the surviving corporation.
1.4
Address
of Principal Office of the Surviving Corporation.
The
address of TORNADO-DELAWARE, as the Surviving Corporation, shall be 8600
Technology Way, Suite 118, Reno, Nevada 89521.
1.5
Effective
Time.
The
Merger shall become effective (the “Effective Time”), on the date upon which the
last to occur of the following shall have been completed:
(a)
This
Agreement and the Merger shall have been adopted and recommended to the
stockholders of TORNADO-NEVADA by the Board of Directors of TORNADO-NEVADA
and
approved by a majority of the voting power of the outstanding stock of
TORNADO-NEVADA entitled to vote thereon, in accordance with the requirements
of
the NGCL;
(b)
This
Agreement and the Merger shall have been adopted by the Board of Directors
of
TORNADO-DELAWARE in accordance with the requirements of the DGCL;
(c)
The
effective date of the Merger as stated in the executed Articles of Merger (the
“Articles of Merger”) filed with the Secretary of State for the State of Nevada;
and
(d)
An
executed Certificate of Ownership and Merger (the “Certificate of Ownership”) or
an executed counterpart to this Agreement meeting the requirements of the DGCL
shall have been filed with the Secretary of State of the State of
Delaware.
1.6
Effect
of the Merger.
The
effect of the Merger shall be as provided in this Agreement, the Articles of
Merger, the Certificate of Ownership and the applicable provisions of the DGCL
and the NGCL. Without limiting the foregoing, from and after the Effective
Time,
all the property, rights, privileges, powers and franchises of TORNADO-NEVADA
shall vest in TORNADO-DELAWARE, as the Surviving Corporation, and all debts,
liabilities and duties of TORNADO-NEVADA shall become the debts, liabilities
and
duties of TORNADO-DELAWARE, as the Surviving Corporation.
1.7
Certificate
of Incorporation; Bylaws.
(a)
From
and
after the Effective Time, the Certificate of Incorporation of TORNADO-DELAWARE
shall be the Certificate of Incorporation of the Surviving
Corporation.
(b)
From
and
after the Effective Time, the Bylaws of TORNADO-DELAWARE as in effect
immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be the Bylaws of the Surviving
Corporation.
1.8
Officers
and Directors.
The
officers of TORNADO-NEVADA immediately prior to the Effective Time shall
continue as officers of the Surviving Corporation and remain officers until
their successors are duly appointed or their prior resignation, removal or
death. The directors of TORNADO-NEVADA immediately prior to the Effective Time
shall continue as directors of the Surviving Corporation and shall remain
directors until their successors are duly elected and qualified or their prior
resignation, removal or death.
ARTICLE II-
CONVERSION OF SHARES
2.1
Conversion
of Common Stock of TORNADO-NEVADA.
At the
Effective Time by virtue of the Merger, and without any action on part of the
holders of any outstanding shares of TORNADO-NEVADA,
(a)
each
share of common stock of TORNADO-NEVADA, par value of $.001 per share, issued
and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be converted
into
one share of TORNADO-DELAWARE’s common stock, $.001 par value per share (the
“Common Stock”);
(b)
each
share of Preferred Stock of TORNADO-NEVADA, par value of $.001 per share, issued
and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be converted
into
one share of TORNADO-DELAWARE’s Preferred Stock, $.001 par value per
share;
(c)
the
one
share of TORNADO-DELAWARE Common Stock owned by TORNADO-NEVADA shall be canceled
at the Effective Time.
2.2 TORNADO-NEVADA
Options, Stock Purchase Rights, Convertible Securities.
(a)
From
and
after the Effective Time, the Surviving Corporation shall assume the obligations
of TORNADO-NEVADA under, and continue, the option plans and all other employee
benefit plans of TORNADO-NEVADA. Each outstanding and unexercised option, other
right to purchase, or security convertible into or exercisable for,
TORNADO-NEVADA Common Stock (a “Right”) shall become, subject to the provisions
in paragraph (c) hereof, an option, right to purchase or a security
convertible into the Surviving Corporation’s Common Stock, on the basis of one
share of the Surviving Corporation’s Common Stock for each one share of
TORNADO-NEVADA common stock issuable pursuant to any such Right, on the same
terms and conditions and at an exercise price equal to the exercise price
applicable to any such TORNADO-NEVADA Right from and after the Effective Time.
This paragraph 2.2(a) shall not apply to currently issued and outstanding
TORNADO-NEVADA Common Stock. Such Common Stock is subject to paragraph 2.1
hereof.
(b)
A
number
of shares of the Surviving Corporation’s Common Stock shall be reserved for
issuance upon the exercise of options and convertible securities equal to the
number of shares of TORNADO-NEVADA Common Stock so reserved immediately prior
to
the Effective Time. In addition, no “additional benefits” (within the meaning of
Section 424(a)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended)
shall be accorded to the optionees pursuant to the assumption of their
options.
2.3
Characterization
of Merger.
For
federal income tax purposes, the conversion of interests in TORNADO-NEVADA
pursuant to this Article III shall be deemed a reorganization and mere
change in place of organization pursuant to section 368
(a)(1) (F) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
ARTICLE III
- TRANSFER AND CONVEYANCE OF ASSETS
AND
ASSUMPTION OF LIABILITIES
3.1
Transfer,
Conveyance and Assumption.
At the
Effective Time, TORNADO-DELAWARE shall continue in existence as the Surviving
Corporation, and without further action on the part of TORNADO-NEVADA or
TORNADO-DELAWARE, succeed to and possess all the rights, privileges and powers
of TORNADO-NEVADA , and all the assets and property of whatever kind and
character of TORNADO-NEVADA shall vest in TORNADO-DELAWARE without further
act
or deed. Thereafter, TORNADO-DELAWARE, as the Surviving Corporation, shall
be
liable for all of the liabilities and obligations of TORNADO-NEVADA, and any
claim or judgment against TORNADO-NEVADA may be enforced against
TORNADO-DELAWARE as the Surviving Corporation, in accordance with
Section 259 of the DGCL.
3.2
Further
Assurances.
If at
any time TORNADO-DELAWARE shall consider or be advised that any further
assignment, conveyance or assurance is necessary or advisable to vest, perfect
or confirm of record in it the title to any property or right of TORNADO-NEVADA,
or otherwise to carry out the provisions hereof, officers of TORNADO-NEVADA
as
of the Effective Time shall execute and deliver any and all proper deeds,
assignments and assurances, and do all things necessary and proper to vest,
perfect or convey title to such property or right in TORNADO-DELAWARE and
otherwise to carry out the provisions hereof.
ARTICLE IV
- REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
OF
TORNADO-NEVADA
TORNADO-NEVADA
represents and warrants to TORNADO-DELAWARE as follows:
4.1
Validity
of Actions.
TORNADO-NEVADA (a) is a corporation duly formed, validly existing and in
good standing under the laws of the State of Nevada, and (b) has full power
and authority to enter into this Agreement and to carry out all acts
contemplated by it. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered on
behalf of TORNADO-NEVADA. TORNADO-NEVADA has received all necessary
authorization to enter into this Agreement, and this Agreement is a legal,
valid
and binding obligation of TORNADO-NEVADA, enforceable against TORNADO-NEVADA
in
accordance with its terms. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and
consummation of the transactions contemplated by it will not violate any
provision of TORNADO-NEVADA’s Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws, nor violate,
conflict with or result in any breach of any of the terms, provisions or
conditions of, or constitute a default or cause acceleration of, any
indebtedness under any agreement or instrument to which TORNADO-NEVADA is a
party or by which it or its assets may be bound, or cause a breach of any
applicable Federal or state law or governmental regulation, or any applicable
order, judgment, writ, award, injunction or decree of any court or governmental
instrumentality.
ARTICLE V
- REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
OF
TORNADO-DELAWARE
TORNADO-DELAWARE
represents and warrants to TORNADO-NEVADA as follows:
5.1
Validity
of Actions.
TORNADO-DELAWARE (a) is duly organized, validly existing and in good
standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, and (b) has full power
and authority to enter into this Agreement and to carry out all acts
contemplated by it. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered on
behalf of TORNADO-DELAWARE, and TORNADO-DELAWARE has received all necessary
authorization. This Agreement is a legal, valid and binding obligation of
TORNADO-DELAWARE, enforceable against TORNADO-DELAWARE in accordance with its
terms. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and consummation of the
transactions contemplated by it will not violate any provision of the
Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws of TORNADO-DELAWARE nor violate, conflict
with or result in any breach of any of the terms, provisions or conditions
of,
or constitute a default or cause acceleration of, any indebtedness under any
agreement or instrument to which TORNADO-DELAWARE is a party or by which it
or
its assets may be bound, or cause a breach of any applicable federal or state
law or regulation, or any applicable order, judgment, writ, award, injunction
or
decree of any court or governmental instrumentality.
ARTICLE VI
- FURTHER ACTIONS
6.1
Additional
Documents.
At the
request of any party, each party will execute and deliver any additional
documents and perform in good faith such acts as reasonably may be required
in
order to consummate the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement.
ARTICLE VII
- CONDITIONS TO THE MERGER
The
obligation of TORNADO-DELAWARE and of TORNADO-NEVADA to consummate the Merger
shall be subject to compliance with or satisfaction of the following
conditions:
7.1
Bring
Down.
The
representations and warranties set forth in this Agreement shall be true and
correct in all material respects at, and as of, the Effective Time as if then
made as of the Effective Time.
7.2
No
Statute, Rule or Regulation Affecting.
At the
Effective Time, there shall be no statute, or regulation enacted or issued
by
the United States or any State, or by a court, which prohibits or challenges
the
consummation of the Merger.
7.3
Satisfaction
of Conditions.
All
other conditions to the Merger set forth herein shall have been
satisfied.
ARTICLE VIII
- TERMINATION; AMENDMENT; WAIVER
8.1
Termination.
This
Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby may be terminated at any
time
prior to the filing of the Certificate of Ownership with the Secretary of State
of the State of Delaware, by mutual consent of the Board of Directors of
TORNADO-DELAWARE and the Board of Directors of TORNADO-NEVADA.
8.2
Amendment.
The
parties hereto may, by written agreement, amend this Agreement at any time
prior
to the filing of the Certificate of Ownership with the Secretary of State of
the
State of Delaware, such amendment to be approved by the Board of Directors
of
TORNADO-NEVADA agreeing to such amendment with TORNADO-DELAWARE.
8.3
Waiver.
At any
time prior to the Effective Time, any party to this Agreement may extend the
time for the performance of any of the obligations or other acts of any other
party hereto, or waive compliance with any of the agreements of any other party
or with any condition to the obligations hereunder, in each case only to the
extent that such obligations, agreements and conditions are intended for its
benefit.
ARTICLE IX
- MISCELLANEOUS
9.1
Expenses.
If the
Merger becomes effective, all of the expenses incurred in connection with the
Merger shall be paid by TORNADO-DELAWARE.
9.2
Notice.
Except
as otherwise specifically provided, any notices to be given hereunder shall
be
in writing and shall be deemed given upon personal delivery or upon mailing
thereof, if mailed by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the following
addresses (or to such other address or addresses shall be specified in any
notice given):
In
the
case of TORNADO-DELAWARE:
TORNADO
GOLD INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
8600
Technology Way, Suite 118
Reno,
Nevada 89521
In
the
case of TORNADO-NEVADA:
TORNADO
GOLD INTERNATIONAL CORP.
8600
Technology Way, Suite 118
Reno,
Nevada 89521
9.3
Non-Assignability.
This
Agreement shall not be assignable by any of the parties hereto.
9.4
Entire
Agreement.
This
Agreement contains the parties’ entire understanding and agreement with respect
to its subject matter, and any and all conflicting or inconsistent discussions,
agreements, promises, representations and statements, if any, between the
parties or their representatives that are not incorporated in this Agreement
shall be null and void and are merged into this Agreement.
9.5
Governing
Law.
This
Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of
the
State of Delaware, without giving effect to conflicts of law
principles.
9.6
Headings.
The
various section headings are inserted for purposes of reference only and
shall not affect the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement or any
provision hereof.
9.7
Gender;
Number.
All
references to gender or number in this Agreement shall be deemed interchangeably
to have a masculine, feminine, neuter, singular or plural meaning, as the sense
of the context requires.
9.8
Severability.
The
provisions of this Agreement shall be severable, and any invalidity,
unenforceability or illegality of any provision or provisions of this Agreement
shall not affect any other provision or provisions of this Agreement, and each
term and provision of this Agreement shall be construed to be valid and
enforceable to the full extent permitted by law.
[SIGNATURE
PAGE FOLLOWS]
IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have caused this Agreement to be executed
by an
officer duly authorized to do so, all as of the day and year first above
written.
TORNADO
GOLD INTERNATIONAL CORP.,
a
Nevada
Corporation
By:
|
|
|
|
Name:
Earl W. Abbott
|
|
Title:
President
|
TORNADO
GOLD INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION,
|
a
Delaware Corporation
|
|
|
By:
|
|
|
|
Name:
Earl W. Abbott
|
|
Title:
President
|
EXHIBIT
D
Rights
of Dissenting Owners
(“NRS”
refers to Nevada Revised Statutes 2005)
1. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 2, and unless otherwise
provided in the articles or bylaws, any member of any constituent domestic
nonprofit corporation who voted against the merger may, without prior notice,
but within 30 days after the effective date of the merger, resign from
membership and is thereby excused from all contractual obligations to the
constituent or surviving corporations which did not occur before his resignation
and is thereby entitled to those rights, if any, which would have existed if
there had been no merger and the membership had been terminated or the member
had been expelled.
2. Unless otherwise provided in its articles of incorporation or bylaws,
no member of a domestic nonprofit corporation, including, but not limited to,
a
cooperative corporation, which supplies services described in chapter 704 of
NRS
to its members only, and no person who is a member of a domestic nonprofit
corporation as a condition of or by reason of the ownership of an interest
in
real property, may resign and dissent pursuant to subsection 1.
1. Except as otherwise provided in NRS 92A.370 and 92A.390, any
stockholder is entitled to dissent from, and obtain payment of the fair value
of
his shares in the event of any of the following corporate actions:
(a) Consummation of a conversion or plan of merger to which the domestic
corporation is a constituent entity:
(1) If approval by the stockholders is required for the conversion or merger
by
NRS 92A.120 to 92A.160, inclusive, or the articles of incorporation, regardless
of whether the stockholder is entitled to vote on the conversion or plan of
merger; or
(2) If the domestic corporation is a subsidiary and is merged with its parent
pursuant to NRS 92A.180.
(b) Consummation of a plan of exchange to which the domestic corporation is
a
constituent entity as the corporation whose subject owner’s interests will be
acquired, if his shares are to be acquired in the plan of exchange.
(c) Any corporate action taken pursuant to a vote of the stockholders to the
extent that the articles of incorporation, bylaws or a resolution of the board
of directors provides that voting or nonvoting stockholders are entitled to
dissent and obtain payment for their shares.
(d) Any corporate action not described in paragraph (a), (b) or (c) that will
result in the stockholder receiving money or scrip instead of fractional
shares.
2. A stockholder who is entitled to dissent and obtain payment pursuant to
NRS 92A.300 to 92A.500, inclusive, may not challenge the corporate action
creating his entitlement unless the action is unlawful or fraudulent with
respect to him or the domestic corporation.
1. There is no right of dissent with respect to a plan of merger or
exchange in favor of stockholders of any class or series which, at the record
date fixed to determine the stockholders entitled to receive notice of and
to
vote at the meeting at which the plan of merger or exchange is to be acted
on,
were either listed on a national securities exchange, included in the national
market system by the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., or held
by at least 2,000 stockholders of record, unless:
(a) The articles of incorporation of the corporation issuing the shares provide
otherwise; or
(b) The holders of the class or series are required under the plan of merger
or
exchange to accept for the shares anything except:
(1) Cash, owner’s interests or owner’s interests and cash in lieu of fractional
owner’s interests of:
(I) The surviving or acquiring entity; or
(II) Any other entity which, at the effective date of the plan of merger or
exchange, were either listed on a national securities exchange, included in
the
national market system by the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.,
or held of record by a least 2,000 holders of owner’s interests of record;
or
(2) A combination of cash and owner’s interests of the kind described in
sub-subparagraphs (I) and (II) of subparagraph (1) of paragraph
(b).
2. There is no right of dissent for any holders of stock of the surviving
domestic corporation if the plan of merger does not require action of the
stockholders of the surviving domestic corporation under NRS
92A.130.
1. A stockholder of record may assert dissenter’s rights as to fewer than
all of the shares registered in his name only if he dissents with respect to
all
shares beneficially owned by any one person and notifies the subject corporation
in writing of the name and address of each person on whose behalf he asserts
dissenter’s rights. The rights of a partial dissenter under this subsection are
determined as if the shares as to which he dissents and his other shares were
registered in the names of different stockholders.
2. A beneficial stockholder may assert dissenter’s rights as to shares
held on his behalf only if:
(a) He submits to the subject corporation the written consent of the stockholder
of record to the dissent not later than the time the beneficial stockholder
asserts dissenter’s rights; and
(b) He does so with respect to all shares of which he is the beneficial
stockholder or over which he has power to direct the vote.
(Added to NRS by 1995, 2089)
1. If a proposed corporate action creating dissenters’ rights is submitted
to a vote at a stockholders’ meeting, the notice of the meeting must state that
stockholders are or may be entitled to assert dissenters’ rights under NRS
92A.300 to 92A.500, inclusive, and be accompanied by a copy of those
sections.
2. If the corporate action creating dissenters’ rights is taken by written
consent of the stockholders or without a vote of the stockholders, the domestic
corporation shall notify in writing all stockholders entitled to assert
dissenters’ rights that the action was taken and send them the dissenter’s
notice described in NRS 92A.430.
1. If a proposed corporate action creating dissenters’ rights is submitted
to a vote at a stockholders’ meeting, a stockholder who wishes to assert
dissenter’s rights:
(a) Must deliver to the subject corporation, before the vote is taken, written
notice of his intent to demand payment for his shares if the proposed action
is
effectuated; and
(b) Must not vote his shares in favor of the proposed action.
2. If a proposed corporate action creating dissenters’ rights is taken by
written consent of the stockholders, a stockholder who wishes to assert
dissenters’ rights must not consent to or approve the proposed corporate
action.
3. A stockholder who does not satisfy the requirements of subsection 1 or
2 and NRS 92A.400 is not entitled to payment for his shares under this
chapter.
1. The subject corporation shall deliver a written dissenter’s notice to
all stockholders entitled to assert dissenters’ rights.
2. The dissenter’s notice must be sent no later than 10 days after the
effectuation of the corporate action, and must:
(a) State where the demand for payment must be sent and where and when
certificates, if any, for shares must be deposited;
(b) Inform the holders of shares not represented by certificates to what extent
the transfer of the shares will be restricted after the demand for payment
is
received;
(c) Supply a form for demanding payment that includes the date of the first
announcement to the news media or to the stockholders of the terms of the
proposed action and requires that the person asserting dissenter’s rights
certify whether or not he acquired beneficial ownership of the shares before
that date;
(d) Set a date by which the subject corporation must receive the demand for
payment, which may not be less than 30 nor more than 60 days after the date
the
notice is delivered; and
(e) Be accompanied by a copy of NRS 92A.300 to 92A.500, inclusive.
1. A stockholder to whom a dissenter’s notice is sent must:
(a) Demand payment;
(b) Certify whether he or the beneficial owner on whose behalf he is dissenting,
as the case may be, acquired beneficial ownership of the shares before the
date
required to be set forth in the dissenter’s notice for this certification;
and
(c) Deposit his certificates, if any, in accordance with the terms of the
notice.
2. The stockholder who demands payment and deposits his certificates, if
any, before the proposed corporate action is taken retains all other rights
of a
stockholder until those rights are cancelled or modified by the taking of the
proposed corporate action.
3. The stockholder who does not demand payment or deposit his certificates
where required, each by the date set forth in the dissenter’s notice, is not
entitled to payment for his shares under this chapter.
1. The subject corporation may restrict the transfer of shares not
represented by a certificate from the date the demand for their payment is
received.
2. The person for whom dissenter’s rights are asserted as to shares not
represented by a certificate retains all other rights of a stockholder until
those rights are cancelled or modified by the taking of the proposed corporate
action.
1. Except as otherwise provided in NRS 92A.470, within 30 days after
receipt of a demand for payment, the subject corporation shall pay each
dissenter who complied with NRS 92A.440 the amount the subject corporation
estimates to be the fair value of his shares, plus accrued interest. The
obligation of the subject corporation under this subsection may be enforced
by
the district court:
(a) Of the county where the corporation’s registered office is located;
or
(b) At the election of any dissenter residing or having its registered office
in
this State, of the county where the dissenter resides or has its registered
office. The court shall dispose of the complaint promptly.
2. The payment must be accompanied by:
(a) The subject corporation’s balance sheet as of the end of a fiscal year
ending not more than 16 months before the date of payment, a statement of income
for that year, a statement of changes in the stockholders’ equity for that year
and the latest available interim financial statements, if any;
(b) A statement of the subject corporation’s estimate of the fair value of the
shares;
(c) An explanation of how the interest was calculated;
(d) A statement of the dissenter’s rights to demand payment under NRS 92A.480;
and
(e) A copy of NRS 92A.300 to 92A.500, inclusive.
1. A subject corporation may elect to withhold payment from a dissenter
unless he was the beneficial owner of the shares before the date set forth
in
the dissenter’s notice as the date of the first announcement to the news media
or to the stockholders of the terms of the proposed action.
2. To the extent the subject corporation elects to withhold payment, after
taking the proposed action, it shall estimate the fair value of the shares,
plus
accrued interest, and shall offer to pay this amount to each dissenter who
agrees to accept it in full satisfaction of his demand. The subject corporation
shall send with its offer a statement of its estimate of the fair value of
the
shares, an explanation of how the interest was calculated, and a statement
of
the dissenters’ right to demand payment pursuant to NRS 92A.480.
1. A dissenter may notify the subject corporation in writing of his own
estimate of the fair value of his shares and the amount of interest due, and
demand payment of his estimate, less any payment pursuant to NRS 92A.460, or
reject the offer pursuant to NRS 92A.470 and demand payment of the fair value
of
his shares and interest due, if he believes that the amount paid pursuant to
NRS
92A.460 or offered pursuant to NRS 92A.470 is less than the fair value of his
shares or that the interest due is incorrectly calculated.
2. A dissenter waives his right to demand payment pursuant to this section
unless he notifies the subject corporation of his demand in writing within
30
days after the subject corporation made or offered payment for his
shares.
1. If a demand for payment remains unsettled, the subject corporation
shall commence a proceeding within 60 days after receiving the demand and
petition the court to determine the fair value of the shares and accrued
interest. If the subject corporation does not commence the proceeding within
the
60-day period, it shall pay each dissenter whose demand remains unsettled the
amount demanded.
2. A subject corporation shall commence the proceeding in the district
court of the county where its registered office is located. If the subject
corporation is a foreign entity without a resident agent in the State, it shall
commence the proceeding in the county where the registered office of the
domestic corporation merged with or whose shares were acquired by the foreign
entity was located.
3. The subject corporation shall make all dissenters, whether or not
residents of Nevada, whose demands remain unsettled, parties to the proceeding
as in an action against their shares. All parties must be served with a copy
of
the petition. Nonresidents may be served by registered or certified mail or
by
publication as provided by law.
4. The jurisdiction of the court in which the proceeding is commenced
under subsection 2 is plenary and exclusive. The court may appoint one or more
persons as appraisers to receive evidence and recommend a decision on the
question of fair value. The appraisers have the powers described in the order
appointing them, or any amendment thereto. The dissenters are entitled to the
same discovery rights as parties in other civil proceedings.
5. Each dissenter who is made a party to the proceeding is entitled to a
judgment:
(a) For the amount, if any, by which the court finds the fair value of his
shares, plus interest, exceeds the amount paid by the subject corporation;
or
(b) For the fair value, plus accrued interest, of his after-acquired shares
for
which the subject corporation elected to withhold payment pursuant to NRS
92A.470.
1. The court in a proceeding to determine fair value shall determine all
of the costs of the proceeding, including the reasonable compensation and
expenses of any appraisers appointed by the court. The court shall assess the
costs against the subject corporation, except that the court may assess costs
against all or some of the dissenters, in amounts the court finds equitable,
to
the extent the court finds the dissenters acted arbitrarily, vexatiously or
not
in good faith in demanding payment.
2. The court may also assess the fees and expenses of the counsel and
experts for the respective parties, in amounts the court finds
equitable:
(a) Against the subject corporation and in favor of all dissenters if the court
finds the subject corporation did not substantially comply with the requirements
of NRS 92A.300 to 92A.500, inclusive; or
(b) Against either the subject corporation or a dissenter in favor of any other
party, if the court finds that the party against whom the fees and expenses
are
assessed acted arbitrarily, vexatiously or not in good faith with respect to
the
rights provided by NRS 92A.300 to 92A.500, inclusive.
3. If the court finds that the services of counsel for any dissenter were
of substantial benefit to other dissenters similarly situated, and that the
fees
for those services should not be assessed against the subject corporation,
the
court may award to those counsel reasonable fees to be paid out of the amounts
awarded to the dissenters who were benefited.
4. In a proceeding commenced pursuant to NRS 92A.460, the court may assess
the costs against the subject corporation, except that the court may assess
costs against all or some of the dissenters who are parties to the proceeding,
in amounts the court finds equitable, to the extent the court finds that such
parties did not act in good faith in instituting the proceeding.
5. This section does not preclude any party in a proceeding commenced
pursuant to NRS 92A.460 or 92A.490 from applying the provisions of N.R.C.P.
68
or NRS 17.115.