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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
 
 
 
 
 
FORM 10-K
 
 
 
 
 
☒
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from              to             
 
Commission file number 001-35968
 
 
 
 
MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
 
 
 
 
Iowa
42-1206172
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
(I.R.S. Employer
Incorporation or Organization)
Identification Number)
102 South Clinton Street, Iowa City, IA 52240
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(319) 356-5800
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
   Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each Class
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1.00 par value
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
(Title of class)
Indicate by check mark if registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐  Yes    ☒  No
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. ☐  Yes    ☒  No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    ☒  Yes    ☐  No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    ☒  Yes    ☐  No
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer
 ¨
 
Accelerated filer
☒
 
Non-accelerated filer
 ¨
 
Smaller reporting company
☐
 
 
 
 
Emerging growth company
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    ☐  Yes    ☒  No
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based on the last sales price quoted on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $384.2 million.
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, par value $1.00 per share, as of March 6, 2019, was 12,171,032.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders of MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. to be held on April 18, 2019, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
 
 
 
 


MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
Annual Report on Form 10-K
Table of Contents
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page No.
PART I
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1A.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1B.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 3.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 5.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 6.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 7.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 7A.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 8.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 9.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 9A.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 9B.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART III
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 10.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 11.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 12.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 13.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 14.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART IV
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 15.
 
 
Item 16.
 
 


Table of Contents

PART I
ITEM 1.
BUSINESS.
General
MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. (“MidWestOne” or the “Company,” which is also referred to herein as “we,” “our” or “us”) is an Iowa corporation incorporated in 1983, a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 and a financial holding company under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999. Our principal executive offices are located at 102 South Clinton Street, Iowa City, Iowa 52240.
We currently operate primarily through our bank subsidiary, MidWestOne Bank, an Iowa state non-member bank chartered in 1934 with its main office in Iowa City, Iowa (the “Bank”), as well as MidWestOne Insurance Services, Inc., our wholly owned subsidiary that operates through three agencies located in central and east-central Iowa.
On August 21, 2018, the Company entered into a merger agreement with ATBancorp, an Iowa corporation, pursuant to which ATBancorp will merge with and into the Company. In connection with the merger, American Trust & Savings Bank, an Iowa state chartered bank and wholly owned subsidiary of ATBancorp, and American Bank & Trust Wisconsin, a Wisconsin state chartered bank and wholly owned subsidiary of ATBancorp, will merge with and into the Bank, which will continue as the surviving bank. The merger agreement also provides that each of the outstanding shares of ATBancorp common stock will be converted into the right of ATBancorp shareholders to receive 117.55 shares of Company common stock and $992.51 in cash. The corporate headquarters of the combined company will be in Iowa City, Iowa. The merger will add approximately $1.3 billion in assets to the Company along with 17 branch locations. The merger is anticipated to be completed in the second quarter of 2019. Following the completion of the merger transaction, we expect current ATBancorp shareholders will own approximately 25% of MidWestOne’s outstanding common stock.
As of December 31, 2018, we had total consolidated assets of $3.29 billion, total deposits of $2.61 billion and total shareholders’ equity of $357.1 million, all of which is common shareholders’ equity. For the year ended December 31, 2018, we generated net income available to common shareholders of $30.4 million, which was an increase from the net income available to common shareholders of $18.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, and an increase from the net income available to common shareholders of $20.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. For our complete financial information as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 and for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2018, see Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
The Bank operates a total of 45 banking offices. It operates 23 branches in 13 counties throughout central and east-central Iowa, and 18 offices, which includes 17 branches and a loan production office, in the Twin Cities metro area and western Wisconsin. Additionally, the Bank operates two Florida branches in Naples and Fort Myers, and two offices in the Denver, Colorado area, one of which is a branch and one of which is used exclusively for investment advisory services. The Bank provides full-service retail banking in and around the communities in which its branch offices are located. Deposit products offered include checking and other demand deposit accounts, NOW accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts, certificates of deposit, individual retirement accounts and other time deposits. The Bank offers commercial and industrial, agricultural, commercial and residential real estate and consumer loans. Other products and services include debit cards, automated teller machines, online banking, mobile banking, and safe deposit boxes. The principal services of the Bank consist of making loans to and accepting deposits from individuals, businesses, governmental units and institutional customers. The Bank also has a trust and investment department through which it offers a variety of trust and investment services, including administering estates, personal trusts, and conservatorships and providing property management, farm management, custodial, financial planning, investment advisory and retail securities brokerage services (the latter of which is provided through an agreement with a third-party registered broker-dealer).
Operating Strategy
Our operating strategy is based upon a sophisticated community banking model delivering a complete line of financial products and services while following five guiding principles: (1) hire and retain excellent employees; (2) take care of our customers; (3) conduct business with the utmost integrity; (4) work as one team; and (5) learn constantly so we can continually improve.
Management believes the personal and professional service offered to customers provides an appealing alternative to the “megabanks” that have resulted from large out-of-state national banks acquiring Iowa and Minnesota-based community banks. While we employ a community banking philosophy, we believe that our size, combined with our complete line of financial products and services, is sufficient to effectively compete in our relevant market areas. To remain price competitive, management

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also believes that we must grow organically as well as through strategic transactions, manage expenses and our efficiency ratio, and remain disciplined in our asset/liability management practices.
Market Areas
Our holding company’s principal offices are located in Iowa City, Iowa. The city of Iowa City is located in east-central Iowa, approximately 220 miles west of Chicago, Illinois, and approximately 115 miles east of Des Moines, Iowa. It is situated approximately 60 miles west of the Mississippi River on Interstate 80 and is the home of the University of Iowa, a public university with approximately 24,500 undergraduate students and 8,900 graduate and professional students. Iowa City is the home of the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, a 811-bed comprehensive academic medical center and regional referral center with approximately 1,650 staff physicians, residents, and fellows and approximately 2,300 professional nurses. The city of Iowa City has a total population of approximately 76,000 and the Iowa City metropolitan statistical area (“MSA”) has a total population of approximately 171,000. Iowa City is the fifth largest city in the state of Iowa. Based on deposit information collected by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the ”FDIC”) as of June 30, 2018, the most recent date for which data is available, the Bank had the second highest deposit market share in the Iowa City MSA at approximately 15.9% compared to 19 other institutions in the market.
The Bank operates 23 branch offices in 13 counties in central and east-central Iowa, 13 branches along with a loan production office in Minnesota, 4 branches in Wisconsin, 2 branches in Florida, and 1 branch in Denver, Colorado. Based on deposit information collected by the FDIC as of June 30, 2018, in 6 of the 13 counties in Iowa, the Bank held between 8% and 42% of the deposit market share, which includes Mahaska County, Iowa, where the Bank held approximately 42% of the deposit market share. In the remaining 7 counties of Iowa, the Bank’s market share was less than 8%. In Chisago County, Minnesota, the Bank held approximately 18% of the deposit market share, but less than 6% of the deposit market share in the other 7 counties in Minnesota. In Polk County, Wisconsin, the Bank held approximately 24% of the deposit market share. In the remaining 4 counties in Wisconsin, Florida and Colorado, the Bank’s market share was less than 5%. Following the anticipated merger with ATBancorp, the Bank will also have 32% of the deposit market share in Dubuque County, Iowa, and 11% of the deposit market share in Grant County, Wisconsin.
Lending Activities
General
We provide a range of commercial and retail lending services to businesses, individuals and government agencies. These credit activities include commercial and residential real estate loans; commercial and industrial loans; agricultural loans; and consumer loans.
We market our services to qualified lending customers. Lending officers actively solicit the business of new companies entering their market areas as well as long-standing members of the business communities in which we operate. Through professional service, competitive pricing and innovative structure, we have been successful in attracting new lending customers. We also actively pursue consumer lending opportunities. With convenient locations, advertising, customer communications, and competitive technology, we believe that we have been successful in capitalizing on the credit needs of our market areas.
Our management emphasizes credit quality and seeks to avoid undue concentrations of loans to a single industry or based on a single class of collateral. We have established lending policies that include a number of underwriting factors to be considered in making a loan, including location, loan-to-value ratio, cash flow, interest rate and credit history of the borrower.
Real Estate Loans
Construction and Development Loans. We offer loans both to individuals who are constructing personal residences and to real estate developers and building contractors for the acquisition of land for development and the construction of homes and commercial properties. These loans are generally in-market to known and established borrowers. Construction and development loans generally have a short term, such as one to two years. As of December 31, 2018, construction and development loans constituted approximately 9.1% of our total loan portfolio.
 Mortgage Loans. We offer residential, commercial and agricultural mortgage loans. As of December 31, 2018, we had $1.73 billion in combined residential, commercial, including construction and development loans, and farmland mortgage loans outstanding, which represented approximately 72.1% of our total loan portfolio.

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Residential mortgage lending is a focal point for us, as residential real estate loans constituted approximately 19.3% of our total loan portfolio at December 31, 2018. Included in this category are home equity loans made to individuals. As long-term interest rates have remained at relatively low levels since 2008, many customers opted for mortgage loans that have a fixed rate with 15- or 30-year maturities. We generally retain short-term residential mortgage loans that we originate for our own portfolio, but sell most long-term loans to other parties while retaining servicing rights on the majority of such loans. We also perform loan servicing activity for third parties on participations sold. At December 31, 2018, we serviced approximately $299.6 million in mortgage loans for others. We do not offer subprime mortgage loans and do not operate a wholesale mortgage business.
We also offer mortgage loans to our commercial and agricultural customers for the acquisition of real estate used in their businesses, such as offices, farmland, warehouses and production facilities, and to real estate investors for the acquisition of apartment buildings, retail centers, office buildings and other commercial buildings. In deciding whether to make a commercial real estate loan, we consider, among other things, the experience and qualifications of the borrower as well as the value and cash flow of the underlying property. Some factors considered are net operating income of the property before debt service and depreciation, the debt service coverage ratio (the ratio of the property’s net cash flow to debt service requirements), the cash flows of the borrower, the ratio of the loan amount to the property value and the overall creditworthiness of the prospective borrower. As of December 31, 2018, commercial and farmland real estate mortgage loans, including construction and development loans, constituted approximately 52.8% of our total loan portfolio.
Commercial and Industrial Loans
We have a strong commercial loan base. We focus on, and tailor our commercial loan programs to, small- to mid-sized businesses in our market areas. Our loan portfolio includes loans to wholesalers, manufacturers, contractors, business services companies and retailers. We provide a wide range of business loans, including lines of credit for working capital and operational purposes and term loans for the acquisition of equipment. Although most loans are made on a secured basis, loans may be made on an unsecured basis where warranted by the overall financial condition of the borrower. Terms of commercial business loans generally range from one to five years.
Our commercial and industrial loans are primarily made based on the reported cash flow of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The collateral support provided by the borrower for most of these loans and the probability of repayment is based on the liquidation of the pledged collateral and enforcement of a personal guarantee, if any exists. The primary repayment risks of commercial loans are that the cash flows of the borrower may be unpredictable, and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. As of December 31, 2018, commercial and industrial loans comprised approximately 22.2% of our total loan portfolio.
Agricultural Loans
Due to the rural market areas in and around which we operate, agricultural loans are an important part of our business. Agricultural loans include loans made to finance agricultural production and other loans to farmers and farming operations. Agricultural loans comprised approximately 4.1% of our total loan portfolio at December 31, 2018.
Agricultural loans, most of which are secured by crops, livestock and machinery, are generally provided to finance capital improvements and farm operations as well as acquisitions of livestock and machinery. The ability of the borrower to repay may be affected by many factors outside of the borrower’s control, including adverse weather conditions, loss of livestock due to disease or other factors, declines in market prices for agricultural products and the impact of government regulations. The ultimate repayment of agricultural loans is dependent upon the profitable operation or management of the agricultural entity.
Our agricultural lenders work closely with our customers, including companies and individual farmers, and review the preparation of budgets and cash flow projections for the ensuing crop year. These budgets and cash flow projections are monitored closely during the year and reviewed with the customers at least once annually. We also work closely with governmental agencies to help agricultural customers obtain credit enhancement products such as loan guarantees or interest rate assistance.
Consumer Lending
Our consumer lending department provides all types of consumer loans, including personal loans (secured or unsecured) and automobile loans. Consumer loans typically have shorter terms, lower balances, higher yields and higher risks of default than one- to four-family residential real estate mortgage loans. Consumer loan collections are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability and are therefore more likely to be affected by adverse personal circumstances. As of December 31, 2018, consumer loans comprised only 1.6% of our total loan portfolio.

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Other Products and Services
Deposit Products
We believe that we offer competitive deposit products and programs that address the needs of customers in each of the local markets that we serve. The deposit products are offered to individuals, nonprofit organizations, partnerships, small businesses, corporations and public entities. These products include non-interest-bearing and interest-bearing demand deposits, savings accounts, money market accounts and certificates of deposit.
Trust and Investment Services
We offer trust and investment services, primarily in our Iowa market at this time, to help our business and individual clients in meeting their financial goals and preserving wealth. Our services include administering estates, personal trusts, and conservatorships, and providing property management, farm management, investment advisory, retail securities brokerage, financial planning and custodial services. Licensed brokers (who are registered representatives of a third-party registered broker-dealer) serve selected branches and provide investment-related services including securities trading, financial planning, mutual funds sales, fixed and variable annuities and tax-exempt and conventional unit trusts.
Insurance Services
Through our insurance subsidiary, MidWestOne Insurance Services, Inc., we offer property and casualty insurance products to individuals and small businesses in the Iowa markets that we service.
Liquidity and Funding
A discussion of our liquidity and funding programs has been included in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations under “Liquidity,” and Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk under “Liquidity Risk.”
Competition
We encounter competition in all areas of our business pursuits. To compete effectively, grow our market share, maintain flexibility and keep pace with changing economic and social conditions, we continuously refine and develop our products and services. The principal methods of competing in the financial services industry are through service, convenience and price.
The banking industry is highly competitive, and we face strong direct competition for deposits, loans, and other finance-related services. Our offices in Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Florida, and Colorado compete with other commercial banks, thrifts, credit unions, stockbrokers, finance divisions of auto and farm equipment companies, agricultural suppliers, and other agriculture-related lenders. Some of these competitors are local, while others are statewide, regional or nationwide. We compete for deposits principally by offering depositors a wide variety of deposit programs, convenient office locations, hours and other services, and for loan originations primarily through the interest rates and loan fees we charge, the variety of our loan products and the efficiency and quality of services we provide to borrowers, with an emphasis on building long-lasting relationships. Some of the financial institutions and financial service organizations with which we compete are not subject to the same degree of regulation as that imposed on federally insured state-chartered banks. The financial services industry is also likely to become more competitive as technological advances enable more companies to provide financial services without a physical presence in a given market. These technological advances may diminish the importance of depository institutions and other financial intermediaries in the transfer of funds between parties.
We compete for loans principally through the range and quality of the services we provide, with an emphasis on building long-lasting relationships. Our strategy is to serve our customers above and beyond their expectations through excellence in customer service and needs-based selling. We believe that our long-standing presence in the communities we serve and the personal service we emphasize enhance our ability to compete favorably in attracting and retaining individual and business customers. We actively solicit deposit-oriented clients and compete for deposits by offering personal attention, combined with electronic banking convenience, professional service and competitive interest rates.
Employees
As of December 31, 2018, we had 597 full-time equivalent employees. We provide our employees with a comprehensive program of benefits, some of which are on a contributory basis, including comprehensive medical and dental plans, life insurance,

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long-term and short-term disability coverage, a 401(k) plan, and an employee stock ownership plan. None of our employees are represented by unions. Our management considers its relationship with our employees to be good.
Company Website
We maintain a website for the Bank at www.midwestone.com. We make available, free of charge, on this website our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Information on, or accessible through, our website is not part of, or incorporated by reference in, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Supervision and Regulation
General
FDIC-insured institutions, like the Bank, their holding companies and their affiliates are extensively regulated under federal and state law. As a result, our growth and earnings performance may be affected not only by management decisions and general economic conditions, but also by the requirements of federal and state statutes and by the regulations and policies of various bank regulatory agencies, including the Iowa Division of Banking (the “Iowa Division”), the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”), the FDIC and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”). Furthermore, taxation laws administered by the Internal Revenue Service and state taxing authorities, accounting rules developed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”), securities laws administered by the SEC and state securities authorities, and anti-money laundering laws enforced by the U.S. Department of the Treasury (“Treasury”) have an impact on our business. The effect of these statutes, regulations, regulatory policies and accounting rules are significant to our operations and results.
Federal and state banking laws impose a comprehensive system of supervision, regulation and enforcement on the operations of FDIC-insured institutions, their holding companies and affiliates that is intended primarily for the protection of the FDIC-insured deposits and depositors of banks, rather than shareholders. These laws, and the regulations of the bank regulatory agencies issued under them, affect, among other things, the scope of our business, the kinds and amounts of investments the Company and the Bank may make, reserve requirements, required capital levels relative to assets, the nature and amount of collateral for loans, the establishment of branches, the ability to merge, consolidate and acquire, dealings with our insiders and affiliates and the payment of dividends. In reaction to the global financial crisis and particularly following the passage of the Dodd Frank Act, we experienced heightened regulatory requirements and scrutiny. Although the reforms primarily targeted systemically important financial service providers, their influence filtered down in varying degrees to community banks over time and caused our compliance and risk management processes, and the costs thereof, to increase. After the 2016 federal elections, momentum to decrease the regulatory burden on community banks gathered strength. In May 2018, the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act (the “Regulatory Relief Act”) was enacted to modify or remove certain financial reform rules and regulations. While the Regulatory Relief Act maintains most of the regulatory structure established by the Dodd-Frank Act, it amends certain aspects of the regulatory framework for small depository institutions with assets of less than $10 billion, like us, and for large banks with assets of more than $50 billion. Many of these changes are intended to result in meaningful regulatory relief for community banks and their holding companies, including new rules that may make the capital requirements less complex. For a discussion of capital requirements, see “-The Role of Capital.” It also eliminated questions about the applicability of certain Dodd-Frank Act reforms to community bank systems, including relieving us of any requirement to engage in mandatory stress tests or comply with the Volcker Rule’s complicated prohibitions on proprietary trading and ownership of private funds. We believe these reforms are favorable to our operations, but the true impact remains difficult to predict until rulemaking is complete and the reforms are fully implemented.
The supervisory framework for U.S. banking organizations subjects banks and bank holding companies to regular examination by their respective regulatory agencies, which results in examination reports and ratings that are not publicly available and that can impact the conduct and growth of their business. These examinations consider not only compliance with applicable laws and regulations, but also capital levels, asset quality and risk, management ability and performance, earnings, liquidity, and various other factors. The regulatory agencies generally have broad discretion to impose restrictions and limitations on the operations of a regulated entity where the agencies determine, among other things, that such operations are unsafe or unsound, fail to comply with applicable law or are otherwise inconsistent with laws and regulations.
The following is a summary of the material elements of the supervisory and regulatory framework applicable to the Company and the Bank, beginning with a discussion of the continuing regulatory emphasis on our capital levels. It does not

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describe all of the statutes, regulations and regulatory policies that apply, nor does it restate all of the requirements of those that are described. The descriptions are qualified in their entirety by reference to the particular statutory and regulatory provision.
The Role of Capital
Regulatory capital represents the net assets of a banking organization available to absorb losses. Because of the risks attendant to their business, FDIC-insured institutions are generally required to hold more capital than other businesses, which directly affects their earnings capabilities. While capital has historically been one of the key measures of the financial health of both bank holding companies and banks, its role became fundamentally more important in the wake of the global financial crisis, as the banking regulators recognized that the amount and quality of capital held by banks prior to the crisis was insufficient to absorb losses during periods of severe stress. Certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act and Basel III, discussed below, establish capital standards for banks and bank holding companies that are meaningfully more stringent than those in place previously.
Minimum Required Capital Levels. Banks have been required to hold minimum levels of capital based on guidelines established by the bank regulatory agencies since 1983. The minimums have been expressed in terms of ratios of “capital” divided by “total assets”. As discussed below, bank capital measures have become more sophisticated over the years and have focused more on the quality of capital and the risk of assets. Bank holding companies have historically had to comply with less stringent capital standards than their bank subsidiaries and have been able to raise capital with hybrid instruments such as trust preferred securities. The Dodd-Frank Act mandated the Federal Reserve to establish minimum capital levels for holding companies on a consolidated basis as stringent as those required for FDIC-insured institutions. A result of this change is that the proceeds of hybrid instruments, such as trust preferred securities, were excluded from capital over a phase-out period. However, if such securities were issued prior to May 19, 2010 by bank holding companies with less than $15 billion of assets, they may be retained, subject to certain restrictions. Because we have assets of less than $15 billion, we are able to maintain our trust preferred proceeds as capital but we have to comply with new capital mandates in other respects and will not be able to raise capital in the future through the issuance of trust preferred securities.
The Basel International Capital Accords. The risk-based capital guidelines for U.S. banks since 1989 were based upon the 1988 capital accord known as “Basel I” adopted by the international Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, a committee of central banks and bank supervisors that acts as the primary global standard-setter for prudential regulation, as implemented by the U.S. bank regulatory agencies on an interagency basis. The accord recognized that bank assets for the purpose of the capital ratio calculations needed to be assigned risk weights (the theory being that riskier assets should require more capital) and that off-balance sheet exposures needed to be factored in the calculations. Basel I had a very simple formula for assigning risk weights to bank assets from 0% to 100% based on four categories.  In 2008, the banking agencies collaboratively began to phase-in capital standards based on a second capital accord, referred to as “Basel II,” for large or “core” international banks (generally defined for U.S. purposes as having total assets of $250 billion or more, or consolidated foreign exposures of $10 billion or more) known as “advanced approaches” banks. The primary focus of Basel II was on the calculation of risk weights based on complex models developed by each advanced approaches bank. Because most banks were not subject to Basel II, the U.S. bank regulators worked to improve the risk sensitivity of Basel I standards without imposing the complexities of Basel II. This “standardized approach” increased the number of risk-weight categories and recognized risks well above the original 100% risk weight. It is institutionalized by the Dodd-Frank Act for all banking organizations, even for the advanced approaches banks, as a floor.
On September 12, 2010, the Group of Governors and Heads of Supervision, the oversight body of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, announced agreement on a strengthened set of capital requirements for banking organizations around the world, known as Basel III, to address deficiencies recognized in connection with the global financial crisis.
The Basel III Rule. In July 2013, the U.S. federal banking agencies approved the implementation of the Basel III regulatory capital reforms in pertinent part, and, at the same time, promulgated rules effecting certain changes required by the Dodd-Frank Act (the “Basel III Rule”). In contrast to capital requirements historically, which were in the form of guidelines, Basel III was released in the form of enforceable regulations by each of the regulatory agencies. The Basel III Rule is applicable to all banking organizations that are subject to minimum capital requirements, including federal and state banks and savings and loan associations, as well as to bank and savings and loan holding companies, other than “small bank holding companies” (generally holding companies with consolidated assets of less than $3 billion that do not have securities registered with the SEC). Banking organizations became subject to the Basel III Rule on January 1, 2015 and all parts of it were fully phased-in as of January 1, 2019.
The Basel III Rule increased the required quantity and quality of capital and, for nearly every class of assets, it requires a more complex, detailed and calibrated assessment of risk and calculation of risk-weight amounts.

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Not only did the Basel III Rule increase most of the required minimum capital ratios in effect prior to January 1, 2015, but it introduced the concept of Common Equity Tier 1 Capital, which consists primarily of common stock, related surplus (net of Treasury stock), retained earnings, and Common Equity Tier 1 minority interests subject to certain regulatory adjustments. The Basel III Rule also changed the definition of capital by establishing more stringent criteria that instruments must meet to be considered Additional Tier 1 Capital (primarily non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock that meets certain requirements) and Tier 2 Capital (primarily other types of preferred stock and subordinated debt, subject to limitations). A number of instruments that qualified as Tier 1 Capital under Basel I do not qualify, or their qualifications changed. For example, noncumulative perpetual preferred stock, which qualified as simple Tier 1 Capital under Basel I, does not qualify as Common Equity Tier 1 Capital, but qualifies as Additional Tier 1 Capital. The Basel III Rule also constrained the inclusion of minority interests, mortgage-servicing assets, and deferred tax assets in capital and requires deductions from Common Equity Tier 1 Capital in the event that such assets exceed a certain percentage of a banking institution’s Common Equity Tier 1 Capital.
The Basel III Rule required minimum capital ratios as of January 1, 2015, as follows:
•
A ratio of minimum Common Equity Tier 1 Capital equal to 4.5% of risk-weighted assets;
•
An increase in the minimum required amount of Tier 1 Capital from 4% to 6% of risk-weighted assets;
•
A continuation of the minimum required amount of Total Capital (Tier 1 plus Tier 2) at 8% of risk-weighted assets; and
•
A minimum leverage ratio of Tier 1 Capital to total quarterly average assets equal to 4% in all circumstances.
In addition, institutions that seek the freedom to make capital distributions (including for dividends and repurchases of stock) and pay discretionary bonuses to executive officers without restriction must also maintain 2.5% in Common Equity Tier 1 Capital attributable to a capital conservation buffer (fully phased-in as of January 1, 2019). The purpose of the conservation buffer is to ensure that banking institutions maintain a buffer of capital that can be used to absorb losses during periods of financial and economic stress. Factoring in the conservation buffer increases the minimum ratios depicted above to 7% for Common Equity Tier 1 Capital, 8.5% for Tier 1 Capital and 10.5% for Total Capital.
Well-Capitalized Requirements. The ratios described above are minimum standards in order for banking organizations to be considered “adequately capitalized.” Bank regulatory agencies uniformly encourage banks to hold more capital and be “well-capitalized” and, to that end, federal law and regulations provide various incentives for banking organizations to maintain regulatory capital at levels in excess of minimum regulatory requirements. For example, a banking organization that is well-capitalized may: (i) qualify for exemptions from prior notice or application requirements otherwise applicable to certain types of activities; (ii) qualify for expedited processing of other required notices or applications; and (iii) accept, roll-over or renew brokered deposits. Higher capital levels could also be required if warranted by the particular circumstances or risk profiles of individual banking organizations. For example, the Federal Reserve’s capital guidelines contemplate that additional capital may be required to take adequate account of, among other things, interest rate risk, or the risks posed by concentrations of credit, nontraditional activities or securities trading activities. Further, any banking organization experiencing or anticipating significant growth would be expected to maintain capital ratios, including tangible capital positions (i.e., Tier 1 Capital less all intangible assets), well above the minimum levels.
Under the capital regulations of the FDIC and Federal Reserve, in order to be well‑capitalized, a banking organization must maintain:
•
A Common Equity Tier 1 Capital ratio to risk-weighted assets of 6.5% or more;
•
A ratio of Tier 1 Capital to total risk-weighted assets of 8% or more (6% under Basel I);
•
A ratio of Total Capital to total risk-weighted assets of 10% or more (the same as Basel I); and
•
A leverage ratio of Tier 1 Capital to total adjusted average quarterly assets of 5% or greater.
It is possible under the Basel III Rule to be well-capitalized while remaining out of compliance with the capital conservation buffer discussed above.
As of December 31, 2018: (i) the Bank was not subject to a directive from the FDIC to increase its capital and (ii) the Bank was well-capitalized, as defined by FDIC regulations. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had regulatory capital in excess of the Federal Reserve’s requirements and met the Basel III Rule requirements to be well-capitalized.
Prompt Corrective Action. The concept of an institution being “well-capitalized” is part of a regulatory enforcement regime that provides the federal banking regulators with broad power to take “prompt corrective action” to resolve the problems of institutions based on the capital level of each particular institution. The extent of the regulators’ powers depends on whether

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the institution in question is “adequately capitalized,” “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized” or “critically undercapitalized,” in each case as defined by regulation. Depending upon the capital category to which an institution is assigned, the regulators’ corrective powers include: (i) requiring the institution to submit a capital restoration plan; (ii) limiting the institution’s asset growth and restricting its activities; (iii) requiring the institution to issue additional capital stock (including additional voting stock) or to sell itself; (iv) restricting transactions between the institution and its affiliates; (v) restricting the interest rate that the institution may pay on deposits; (vi) ordering a new election of directors of the institution; (vii) requiring that senior executive officers or directors be dismissed; (viii) prohibiting the institution from accepting deposits from correspondent banks; (ix) requiring the institution to divest certain subsidiaries; (x) prohibiting the payment of principal or interest on subordinated debt; and (xi) ultimately, appointing a receiver for the institution.
The Potential for Community Bank Capital Simplification. Community banks have long raised concerns with bank regulators about the regulatory burden, complexity, and costs associated with certain provisions of the Basel III Rule. In response, Congress provided a potential Basel III “off-ramp” for institutions, like us, with total consolidated assets of less than $10 billion. Section 201 of the Regulatory Relief Act instructed the federal banking regulators to establish a single "Community Bank Leverage Ratio" (“CBLR”) of between 8 and 10%. On November 21, 2018, the agencies proposed setting the CBLR at 9% of tangible equity to total assets for a qualifying bank to be well-capitalized. Under the proposal, a community banking organization would be eligible to elect the new framework if it has less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, limited amounts of certain assets and off-balance sheet exposures, and a CBLR greater than 9%. The electing institution would not be required to calculate the existing risk-based and leverage capital requirements of the Basel III Rule and would not need to risk weight its assets for purposes of capital calculations.
We are in the process of considering the Federal Reserve’s CBLR proposal and will await the final regulation to determine whether it will elect the framework.
Regulation and Supervision of the Company
General. The Company, as the sole shareholder of the Bank, is a bank holding company that has elected financial holding company status. As a bank holding company, we are registered with, and subject to regulation by, the Federal Reserve under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (the “BHCA”). We are legally obligated to act as a source of financial and managerial strength to the Bank and to commit resources to support the Bank in circumstances where we might not otherwise do so. Under the BHCA, we are subject to periodic examination by the Federal Reserve and are required to file with the Federal Reserve periodic reports of our operations and such additional information regarding us and the Bank as the Federal Reserve may require.
Acquisitions, Activities and Change in Control. The primary purpose of a bank holding company is to control and manage banks. The BHCA generally requires the prior approval of the Federal Reserve for any merger involving a bank holding company or any acquisition by a bank holding company of another bank or bank holding company. Subject to certain conditions (including deposit concentration limits established by the BHCA), the Federal Reserve may allow a bank holding company to acquire banks located in any state of the United States. In approving interstate acquisitions, the Federal Reserve is required to give effect to applicable state law limitations on the aggregate amount of deposits that may be held by the acquiring bank holding company and its FDIC-insured institution affiliates in the state in which the target bank is located (provided that those limits do not discriminate against out-of-state institutions or their holding companies) and state laws that require that the target bank have been in existence for a minimum period of time (not to exceed five years) before being acquired by an out-of-state bank holding company. Furthermore, in accordance with the Dodd-Frank Act, bank holding companies must be well-capitalized and well-managed in order to effect interstate mergers or acquisitions. For a discussion of the capital requirements, see “-The Role of Capital” above.
The BHCA generally prohibits us from acquiring direct or indirect ownership or control of more than 5% of the voting shares of any company that is not a bank and from engaging in any business other than that of banking, managing and controlling banks or furnishing services to banks and their subsidiaries. This general prohibition is subject to a number of exceptions. The principal exception allows bank holding companies to engage in, and to own shares of companies engaged in, certain businesses found by the Federal Reserve prior to November 11, 1999 to be “so closely related to banking ... as to be a proper incident thereto.” This authority permits us to engage in a variety of banking-related businesses, including the ownership and operation of a savings association, or any entity engaged in consumer finance, equipment leasing, the operation of a computer service bureau (including software development) and mortgage banking and brokerage services. The BHCA does not place territorial restrictions on the domestic activities of nonbank subsidiaries of bank holding companies.
Additionally, bank holding companies that meet certain eligibility requirements prescribed by the BHCA and elect to operate as financial holding companies may engage in, or own shares in companies engaged in, a wider range of nonbanking activities, including securities and insurance underwriting and sales, merchant banking and any other activity that the Federal Reserve, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, determines by regulation or order is financial in nature or incidental

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to any such financial activity or that the Federal Reserve determines by order to be complementary to any such financial activity and does not pose a substantial risk to the safety or soundness of FDIC-insured institutions or the financial system generally. We have elected to operate as a financial holding company. In order to maintain our status as a financial holding company, the Company and the Bank must be well-capitalized, well-managed, and the Bank must have a least a satisfactory Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) rating. If the Federal Reserve determines that a financial holding company is not well-capitalized or well-managed, we have a period of time in which to achieve compliance, but during the period of noncompliance, the Federal Reserve may place any limitations on us it believes to be appropriate. Furthermore, if the Federal Reserve determines that a financial holding company’s subsidiary bank has not received a satisfactory CRA rating, that company will not be able to commence any new financial activities or acquire a company that engages in such activities.
Change in Control. Federal law also prohibits any person or company from acquiring “control” of an FDIC-insured depository institution or its holding company without prior notice to the appropriate federal bank regulator. “Control” is conclusively presumed to exist upon the acquisition of 25% or more of the outstanding voting securities of a bank or bank holding company, but may arise under certain circumstances between 10% and 24.99% ownership.
Capital Requirements. Bank holding companies are required to maintain capital in accordance with Federal Reserve capital adequacy requirements. For a discussion of capital requirements, see “-The Role of Capital” above.
Dividend Payments. Our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders may be affected by both general corporate law considerations and policies of the Federal Reserve applicable to bank holding companies. As an Iowa corporation, we are subject to the limitations of Iowa law, which allows us to pay dividends unless, after such dividend, (i) we would not be able to pay our debts as they become due in the usual course of business or (ii) our total assets would be less than the sum of our total liabilities plus any amount that would be needed if we were to be dissolved at the time of the dividend payment, to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of shareholders whose rights are superior to the rights of the shareholders receiving the distribution.
As a general matter, the Federal Reserve has indicated that the board of directors of a bank holding company should eliminate, defer or significantly reduce dividends to shareholders if: (i) the company’s net income available to shareholders for the past four quarters, net of dividends previously paid during that period, is not sufficient to fully fund the dividends; (ii) the prospective rate of earnings retention is inconsistent with the company’s capital needs and overall current and prospective financial condition; or (iii) the company will not meet, or is in danger of not meeting, its minimum regulatory capital adequacy ratios. The Federal Reserve also possesses enforcement powers over bank holding companies and their nonbank subsidiaries to prevent or remedy actions that represent unsafe or unsound practices or violations of applicable statutes and regulations. Among these powers is the ability to proscribe the payment of dividends by banks and bank holding companies. In addition, under the Basel III Rule, institutions that seek the freedom to pay dividends have to maintain 2.5% in Common Equity Tier 1 Capital attributable to the capital conservation buffer. See “-The Role of Capital” above.
Incentive Compensation. There have been a number of developments in recent years focused on incentive compensation plans sponsored by bank holding companies and banks, reflecting recognition by the bank regulatory agencies and Congress that flawed incentive compensation practices in the financial industry were one of many factors contributing to the global financial crisis. Layered on top of that are the abuses in the headlines dealing with product cross-selling incentive plans. The result is interagency guidance on sound incentive compensation practices.
The interagency guidance recognized three core principles. Effective incentive plans should: (i) provide employees incentives that appropriately balance risk and reward; (ii) be compatible with effective controls and risk-management; and (iii) be supported by strong corporate governance, including active and effective oversight by the organization’s board of directors. Much of the guidance addresses large banking organizations and, because of the size and complexity of their operations, the regulators expect those organizations to maintain systematic and formalized policies, procedures, and systems for ensuring that the incentive compensation arrangements for all executive and non-executive employees covered by this guidance are identified and reviewed, and appropriately balance risks and rewards.  Smaller banking organizations like us that use incentive compensation arrangements are expected to be less extensive, formalized, and detailed than those of the larger banks. 
Monetary Policy. The monetary policy of the Federal Reserve has a significant effect on the operating results of financial or bank holding companies and their subsidiaries. Among the tools available to the Federal Reserve to affect the money supply are open market transactions in U.S. government securities, changes in the discount rate on bank borrowings and changes in reserve requirements against bank deposits. These means are used in varying combinations to influence overall growth and distribution of bank loans, investments and deposits, and their use may affect interest rates charged on loans or paid on deposits.

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Federal Securities Regulation. Our common stock is registered with the SEC under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Exchange Act. Consequently, we are subject to the information, proxy solicitation, insider trading and other restrictions and requirements of the SEC under the Exchange Act.
Corporate Governance. The Dodd-Frank Act addressed many investor protection, corporate governance and executive compensation matters that will affect most U.S. publicly traded companies. The Dodd Frank Act increased shareholder influence over boards of directors by requiring companies to give shareholders a nonbinding vote on executive compensation and so-called “golden parachute” payments, and authorizing the SEC to promulgate rules that would allow shareholders to nominate and solicit voters for their own candidates using a company’s proxy materials. The legislation also directed the Federal Reserve to promulgate rules prohibiting excessive compensation paid to executives of bank holding companies, regardless of whether such companies are publicly traded.
Supervision and Regulation of the Bank
General. The Bank is an Iowa-chartered bank. The deposit accounts of the Bank are insured by the FDIC’s Deposit Insurance Fund (“DIF”) to the maximum extent provided under federal law and FDIC regulations, currently $250,000 per insured depositor category. As an Iowa-chartered FDIC-insured bank, the Bank is subject to the examination, supervision, reporting and enforcement requirements of the Iowa Division, the chartering authority for Iowa banks, and the FDIC, designated by federal law as the primary federal regulator of insured state banks that, like the Bank, are not members of the Federal Reserve System (nonmember banks).
Deposit Insurance. As an FDIC-insured institution, the Bank is required to pay deposit insurance premium assessments to the FDIC.  The FDIC has adopted a risk-based assessment system whereby FDIC-insured institutions pay insurance premiums at rates based on their risk classification.  For institutions like the Bank that are not considered large and highly complex banking organizations, assessments are now based on examination ratings and financial ratios. The total base assessment rates currently range from 1.5 basis points to 30 basis points. At least semi-annually, the FDIC updates its loss and income projections for the DIF and, if needed, increases or decreases the assessment rates, following notice and comment on proposed rulemaking. The assessment base against which an FDIC-insured institution’s deposit insurance premiums paid to the DIF has been calculated since effectiveness of the Dodd-Frank Act is based on its average consolidated total assets less its average tangible equity. This method shifted the burden of deposit insurance premiums toward those large depository institutions that rely on funding sources other than U.S. deposits. 
The reserve ratio is the FDIC insurance fund balance divided by estimated insured deposits. The Dodd-Frank Act altered the minimum reserve ratio of the DIF, increasing the minimum from 1.15% to 1.35% of the estimated amount of total insured deposits, and eliminating the requirement that the FDIC pay dividends to FDIC-insured institutions when the reserve ratio exceeds certain thresholds.  The reserve ratio reached 1.36% as of September 30, 2018 (most recent available), exceeding the statutory required minimum reserve ratio of 1.35%. The FDIC will provide assessment credits to insured depository institutions, like the Bank, with total consolidated assets of less than $10 billion for the portion of their regular assessments that contribute to growth in the reserve ratio between 1.15% and 1.35%. The FDIC will apply the credits each quarter that the reserve ratio is at least 1.38% to offset the regular deposit insurance assessments of institutions with credits.
FICO Assessments.   In addition to paying basic deposit insurance assessments, FDIC-insured institutions must pay Federal Corporation (“FICO”) assessments. FICO is a mixed-ownership governmental corporation chartered by the former Federal Home Loan Bank Board pursuant to the Competitive Equality Banking Act of 1987 to function as a financing vehicle for the recapitalization of the former Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation. FICO issued 30-year noncallable bonds of approximately $8.1 billion that mature in 2018 through 2019. FICO’s authority to issue bonds ended on December 12, 1991. Since 1996, federal legislation has required that all FDIC-insured institutions pay assessments to cover interest payments on FICO’s outstanding obligations. The FICO assessment rate is adjusted quarterly and for the fourth quarter of 2018 was 32 cents per $100 dollars of assessable deposits.
Supervisory Assessments. All Iowa banks are required to pay supervisory assessments to the Iowa Division to fund the operations of that agency. The amount of the assessment is calculated on the basis of the Bank’s total assets. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Bank paid supervisory assessments to the Iowa Division totaling approximately $141,000.
Capital Requirements. Banks are generally required to maintain capital levels in excess of other businesses. For a discussion of capital requirements, see “-The Role of Capital” above.

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Liquidity Requirements. Liquidity is a measure of the ability and ease with which bank assets may be converted to cash. Liquid assets are those that can be converted to cash quickly if needed to meet financial obligations. To remain viable, FDIC-insured institutions must have enough liquid assets to meet their near-term obligations, such as withdrawals by depositors. Because the global financial crisis was in part a liquidity crisis, Basel III also includes a liquidity framework that requires FDIC-insured institutions to measure their liquidity against specific liquidity tests. One test, referred to as the Liquidity Coverage Ration (“LCR”), is designed to ensure that the banking entity has an adequate stock of unencumbered high-quality liquid assets that can be converted easily and immediately in private markets into cash to meet liquidity needs for a 30-calendar day liquidity stress scenario. The other test, known as the Net Stable Funding Ration (“NSFR”), is designed to promote more medium- and long-term funding of the assets and activities of FDIC-insured institutions over a one-year horizon. These tests provide an incentive for banks and holding companies to increase their holdings in Treasury securities and other sovereign debt as a component of assets, increase the use of long-term debt as a funding source and rely on stable funding like core deposits (in lieu of brokered deposits).
In addition to liquidity guidelines already in place, the federal bank regulatory agencies implemented the Basel III LCR in September 2014, which requires large financial firms to hold levels of liquid assets sufficient to protect against constraints on their funding during times of financial turmoil, and in 2016 proposed implementation of the NSFR. While these rules do not, and will not, apply to the Bank, we continue to review our liquidity risk management policies in light of these developments.
Dividend Payments. The primary source of funds for the Company is dividends from the Bank. Under the Iowa Banking Act, Iowa-chartered banks generally may pay dividends only out of undivided profits. The Iowa Division may restrict the declaration or payment of a dividend by an Iowa-chartered bank, such as the Bank. The payment of dividends by any FDIC-insured institution is affected by the requirement to maintain adequate capital pursuant to applicable capital adequacy guidelines and regulations, and a FDIC-insured institution generally is prohibited from paying any dividends if, following payment thereof, the institution would be undercapitalized. As described above, the Bank exceeded its capital requirements under applicable guidelines as of December 31, 2018. Notwithstanding the availability of funds for dividends, however, the FDIC and the Iowa Division may prohibit the payment of dividends by the Bank if either or both determine such payment would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice. In addition, under the Basel III Rule, institutions that seek the freedom to pay dividends will have to maintain 2.5% in Common Equity Tier 1 Capital attributable to the capital conservation buffer. See “-The Role of Capital” above.
State Bank Investments and Activities. The Bank is permitted to make investments and engage in activities directly or through subsidiaries as authorized by Iowa law. However, under federal law and FDIC regulations, FDIC-insured state banks are prohibited, subject to certain exceptions, from making or retaining equity investments of a type, or in an amount, that are not permissible for a national bank. Federal law and FDIC regulations also prohibit FDIC-insured state banks and their subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions, from engaging as principal in any activity that is not permitted for a national bank unless the bank meets, and continues to meet, its minimum regulatory capital requirements and the FDIC determines that the activity would not pose a significant risk to the DIF. These restrictions have not had, and are not currently expected to have, a material impact on the operations of the Bank.
Insider Transactions. The Bank is subject to certain restrictions imposed by federal law on “covered transactions” between the Bank and its “affiliates.” The Company is an affiliate of the Bank for purposes of these restrictions, and covered transactions subject to the restrictions include extensions of credit to the Company, investments in the stock or other securities of the Company and the acceptance of the stock or other securities of the Company as collateral for loans made by the Bank. The Dodd-Frank Act enhanced the requirements for certain transactions with affiliates, including an expansion of the definition of “covered transactions” and an increase in the amount of time for which collateral requirements regarding covered transactions must be maintained.
Certain limitations and reporting requirements are also placed on extensions of credit by the Bank to its directors and officers, to directors and officers of the Company and its subsidiaries, to principal shareholders of the Company and to “related interests” of such directors, officers and principal shareholders. In addition, federal law and regulations may affect the terms upon which any person who is a director or officer of the Company or the Bank, or a principal shareholder of the Company, may obtain credit from banks with which the Bank maintains a correspondent relationship.
Safety and Soundness Standards/Risk Management. The federal banking agencies have adopted operational and managerial standards to promote the safety and soundness of FDIC-insured institutions. The standards apply to internal controls, information systems, internal audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate exposure, asset growth, compensation, fees and benefits, asset quality and earnings.
In general, the safety and soundness standards prescribe the goals to be achieved in each area, and each institution is responsible for establishing its own procedures to achieve those goals. While regulatory standards do not have the force of law, if an institution operates in an unsafe and unsound manner, the FDIC-insured institution’s primary federal regulator may require

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the institution to submit a plan for achieving and maintaining compliance. If an FDIC-insured institution fails to submit an acceptable compliance plan, or fails in any material respect to implement a compliance plan that has been accepted by its primary federal regulator, the regulator is required to issue an order directing the institution to cure the deficiency. Until the deficiency cited in the regulator’s order is cured, the regulator may restrict the FDIC-insured institution’s rate of growth, require the FDIC-insured institution to increase its capital, restrict the rates the institution pays on deposits or require the institution to take any action the regulator deems appropriate under the circumstances. Noncompliance with safety and soundness may also constitute grounds for other enforcement action by the federal bank regulatory agencies, including cease and desist orders and civil money penalty assessments.
During the past decade, the bank regulatory agencies have increasingly emphasized the importance of sound risk management processes and strong internal controls when evaluating the activities of the FDIC-insured institutions they supervise. Properly managing risks has been identified as critical to the conduct of safe and sound banking activities and has become even more important as new technologies, product innovation, and the size and speed of financial transactions have changed the nature of banking markets. The agencies have identified a spectrum of risks facing a banking institution including, but not limited to, credit, market, liquidity, operational, legal, and reputational risk. In particular, recent regulatory pronouncements have focused on operational risk, which arises from the potential that inadequate information systems, operational problems, breaches in internal controls, fraud, or unforeseen catastrophes will result in unexpected losses. New products and services, third-party risk and cybersecurity are critical sources of operational risk that FDIC-insured institutions are expected to address in the current environment. The Bank is expected to have active board and senior management oversight; adequate policies, procedures, and limits; adequate risk measurement, monitoring, and management information systems; and comprehensive internal controls.
Branching Authority. Iowa banks, such as the Bank, have the authority under Iowa law to establish branches anywhere in the State of Iowa, subject to receipt of all required regulatory approvals. The establishment of new interstate branches has historically been permitted only in those states the laws of which expressly authorize such expansion. The Dodd-Frank Act permits well-capitalized and well-managed banks to establish new interstate branches or the acquisition of individual branches of a bank in another state (rather than the acquisition of an out-of-state bank in its entirety) without impediments. Federal law permits state and national banks to merge with banks in other states subject to: (i) regulatory approval; (ii) federal and state deposit concentration limits; and (iii) state law limitations requiring the merging bank to have been in existence for a minimum period of time (not to exceed five years) prior to the merger.
Transaction Account Reserves. Federal Reserve regulations require FDIC-insured institutions to maintain reserves against their transaction accounts (primarily NOW and regular checking accounts). For 2019, the first $16.3 million of otherwise reservable balances are exempt from reserves and have a zero percent reserve requirement; for transaction accounts aggregating between $16.3 million to $124.2 million, the reserve requirement is 3% of those transaction account balances; and for net transaction accounts in excess of $124.2 million, the reserve requirement is 10% of the aggregate amount of total transaction account balances in excess of $124.2 million. These reserve requirements are subject to annual adjustment by the Federal Reserve.
Community Reinvestment Act Requirements. The CRA requires the Bank to have a continuing and affirmative obligation in a safe and sound manner to help meet the credit needs of the entire community, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. Federal regulators regularly assess the Bank’s record of meeting the credit needs of its communities. Applications for additional acquisitions would be affected by the evaluation of the Bank’s effectiveness in meeting its CRA requirements.
Anti-Money Laundering. The USA Patriot Act is designed to deny terrorists and criminals the ability to obtain access to the U.S. financial system and has significant implications for FDIC-insured institutions, brokers, dealers and other businesses involved in the transfer of money. The USA Patriot Act mandates financial services companies to have policies and procedures with respect to measures designed to address any or all of the following matters: (i) customer identification programs; (ii) money laundering; (iii) terrorist financing; (iv) identifying and reporting suspicious activities and currency transactions; (v) currency crimes; and (vi) cooperation between FDIC-insured institutions and law enforcement authorities.
Privacy and Cybersecurity. The Bank is subject to many U.S. federal and state laws and regulations governing requirements for maintaining policies and procedures to protect non-public confidential information of their customers. These laws require the Bank to periodically disclose their privacy policies and practices relating to sharing such information and permit consumers to opt out of their ability to share information with unaffiliated third parties under certain circumstances. They also impact the Bank’s ability to share certain information with affiliates and non-affiliates for marketing and/or non-marketing purposes, or to contact customers with marketing offers. In addition, the Bank is required to implement a comprehensive information security program that includes administrative, technical, and physical safeguards to ensure the security and confidentiality of customer records and information. These security and privacy policies and procedures, for the protection of personal and confidential information, are in effect across all businesses and geographic locations.

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Concentrations in Commercial Real Estate. Concentration risk exists when FDIC-insured institutions deploy too many assets to any one industry or segment. A concentration in commercial real estate is one example of regulatory concern. The interagency Concentrations in Commercial Real Estate Lending, Sound Risk Management Practices guidance (“CRE Guidance”) provides supervisory criteria, including the following numerical indicators, to assist bank examiners in identifying banks with potentially significant commercial real estate loan concentrations that may warrant greater supervisory scrutiny: (i) commercial real estate loans exceeding 300% of capital and increasing 50% or more in the preceding three years; or (ii) construction and land development loans exceeding 100% of capital. The CRE Guidance does not limit banks’ levels of commercial real estate lending activities, but rather guides institutions in developing risk management practices and levels of capital that are commensurate with the level and nature of their commercial real estate concentrations. On December 18, 2015, the federal banking agencies issued a statement to reinforce prudent risk-management practices related to CRE lending, having observed substantial growth in many CRE asset and lending markets, increased competitive pressures, rising CRE concentrations in banks, and an easing of CRE underwriting standards. The federal bank agencies reminded FDIC-insured institutions to maintain underwriting discipline and exercise prudent risk-management practices to identify, measure, monitor, and manage the risks arising from CRE lending. In addition, FDIC-insured institutions must maintain capital commensurate with the level and nature of their CRE concentration risk.
As of December 31, 2018, the Bank did not exceed these guidelines.
Consumer Financial Services. The historical structure of federal consumer protection regulation applicable to all providers of consumer financial products and services changed significantly on July 21, 2011, when the CFPB commenced operations to supervise and enforce consumer protection laws. The CFPB has broad rulemaking authority for a wide range of consumer protection laws that apply to all providers of consumer products and services, including the Bank, as well as the authority to prohibit “unfair, deceptive or abusive” acts and practices. The CFPB has examination and enforcement authority over providers with more than $10 billion in assets. FDIC-insured institutions with $10 billion or less in assets, like the Bank, continue to be examined by their applicable bank regulators.
Because abuses in connection with residential mortgages were a significant factor contributing to the financial crisis, many new rules issued by the CFPB and required by the Dodd-Frank Act addressed mortgage and mortgage-related products, their underwriting, origination, servicing and sales. The Dodd-Frank Act significantly expanded underwriting requirements applicable to loans secured by 1-4 family residential real property and augmented federal law combating predatory lending practices. In addition to numerous disclosure requirements, the Dodd‑Frank Act imposed new standards for mortgage loan originations on all lenders, including banks and savings associations, in an effort to strongly encourage lenders to verify a borrower’s ability to repay, while also establishing a presumption of compliance for certain “qualified mortgages.” The Regulatory Relief Act provided relief in connection with mortgages for banks with assets of less than $10 billion, and, as a result, mortgages the Bank makes are now considered to be qualified mortgages if they are held in portfolio for the life of the loan.
The CFPB’s rules have not had a significant impact on our operations, except for higher compliance costs.
Special Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of such term in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We and our representatives may, from time to time, make written or oral statements that are “forward-looking” and provide information other than historical information. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results to be materially different from any results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by any forward-looking statement. These factors include, among other things, the factors listed below.
Forward-looking statements, which may be based upon beliefs, expectations and assumptions of our management and on information currently available to management, are generally identifiable by the use of words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “plans,” “intend,” “project,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “may” or similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. Additionally, we undertake no obligation to update any statement in light of new information or future events, except as required under federal securities law.
Our ability to predict results or the actual effect of future plans or strategies is inherently uncertain. Factors that could have an impact on our ability to achieve operating results, growth plan goals and future prospects include, but are not limited to, the following:

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•
credit quality deterioration or pronounced and sustained reduction in real estate market values could cause an increase in our allowance for loan losses and a reduction in net earnings;
•
the risks of mergers, including with ATBancorp, including, without limitation, the related time and costs of implementing such transactions, integrating operations as part of these transactions and possible failures to achieve expected gains, revenue growth and/or expense savings from such transactions;
•
our management’s ability to reduce and effectively manage interest rate risk and the impact of interest rates in general on the volatility of our net interest income;
•
changes in the economic environment, competition, or other factors that may affect our ability to acquire loans or influence the anticipated growth rate of loans and deposits and the quality of the loan portfolio and loan and deposit pricing;
•
fluctuations in the value of our investment securities;
•
governmental monetary and fiscal policies;
•
legislative and regulatory changes, including changes in banking, securities, trade and tax laws and regulations and their application by our regulators;
•
the ability to attract and retain key executives and employees experienced in banking and financial services;
•
the sufficiency of the allowance for loan losses to absorb the amount of actual losses inherent in our existing loan portfolio;
•
our ability to adapt successfully to technological changes to compete effectively in the marketplace;
•
credit risks and risks from concentrations (by geographic area and by industry) within our loan portfolio;
•
the effects of competition from other commercial banks, thrifts, mortgage banking firms, consumer finance companies, credit unions, securities brokerage firms, insurance companies, money market and other mutual funds, and other financial institutions operating in our markets or elsewhere or providing similar services;
•
the failure of assumptions underlying the establishment of allowances for loan losses and estimation of values of collateral and various financial assets and liabilities;
•
volatility of rate-sensitive deposits;
•
operational risks, including data processing system failures or fraud;
•
asset/liability matching risks and liquidity risks;
•
the costs, effects and outcomes of existing or future litigation;
•
changes in general economic or industry conditions, nationally, internationally, or in the communities in which we conduct business;
•
changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by state and federal regulatory agencies and the FASB;
•
war or terrorist activities which may cause deterioration in the economy or cause instability in credit markets;
•
the effects of cyber-attacks;
•
the imposition of tariffs or other domestic or international government policies impacting the value of agricultural or other products of our borrowers; and
•
other factors and risks described under “Risk Factors” herein.

We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by the foregoing cautionary statements. Because of these risks and other uncertainties, our actual future results, performance or achievement, or industry results, may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements. In addition, our past results of operations are not necessarily indicative of our future results.

ITEM 1A.
RISK FACTORS.
An investment in our securities is subject to risks inherent in our business. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below together with all of the other information included in this report. In addition to the risks and uncertainties described below, other risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The value or market price of our securities could decline due to any of these identified or other risks, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
Economic and Market Risks
Our business is concentrated in and largely dependent upon the continued growth and welfare of the Iowa City and Minneapolis/St. Paul markets.
We operate primarily in the Iowa City, Iowa and Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota markets and their surrounding communities in the upper-Midwest. As a result, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows are significantly

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impacted by changes in the economic conditions in those areas. Our success depends to a significant extent upon the business activity, population, income levels, deposits and real estate activity in these markets. Although our customers’ business and financial interests may extend well beyond these market areas, adverse economic conditions that affect these market areas could reduce our growth rate, affect the ability of our customers to repay their loans to us, affect the value of collateral underlying loans and generally affect our financial condition and results of operations. Because of our geographic concentration, we are less able than other regional or national financial institutions to diversify our credit risks across multiple markets.
Adverse weather affecting the markets we serve could hurt our business and prospects for growth.
Substantially all of our business is conducted in the states of Iowa and Minnesota, and after the anticipated merger with ATBancorp, Wisconsin, and a significant portion is conducted in rural communities. The upper-Midwest economy, in general, is heavily dependent on agriculture and therefore the regional economy, and particularly the economies of the rural communities that we serve, can be greatly affected by severe weather conditions, including hail, droughts, storms, tornadoes and flooding. Unfavorable weather conditions may decrease agricultural productivity or could result in damage to our branch locations or the property of our customers, all of which could adversely affect the local economy, which would negatively affect our profitability.
We are subject to interest rate risk, which could adversely affect our financial condition and profitability.
Shifts in short-term interest rates may reduce net interest income, which is the principal component of our earnings. Net interest income is the difference between the amounts received by us on our interest-earning assets and the interest paid by us on our interest-bearing liabilities. When interest rates rise, the rate of interest we pay on our liabilities such as deposits, may rise more quickly than the rate of interest that we receive on our interest bearing assets, such as loans, which could cause our profits to decrease. The impact on earnings can be more adverse when the slope of the yield curve flattens, that is, when short-term interest rates increase more than long-term interest rates or when long-term interest rates decrease more than short-term interest rates.
Changes in interest rates also can affect the value of loans, securities and other assets. An increase in interest rates that adversely affects the ability of borrowers to pay the principal or interest on loans may lead to an increase in nonperforming assets and a reduction of income recognized, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows. Further, when we place a loan on nonaccrual status, we reverse any accrued but unpaid interest receivable, which decreases interest income. Subsequently, we continue to have a cost to fund the loan, which is reflected as interest expense, without any interest income to offset the associated funding expense. Thus, an increase in the amount of nonperforming assets would have an adverse impact on net interest income.
Rising interest rates will likely result in a decline in value of our fixed-rate debt securities. Any unrealized losses resulting from holding available for sale securities are recognized in other comprehensive income (or net income, if the decline is other-than- temporary), and reduce total shareholders’ equity. Unrealized losses do not negatively impact our regulatory capital ratios; however, tangible common equity and the associated ratios used by many investors would be reduced. If debt securities in an unrealized loss position are sold, such losses become realized and will reduce our regulatory capital ratios.
In late 2015, the Federal Reserve’s Open Market Committee began the process of raising short-term interest rates from near-zero levels, and the Federal Reserve has raised the target federal funds rate by 100 basis points in 2018 and 75 basis points in 2017. If short-term interest rates continue to increase and long-term interest rates do not rise, or increase but at a slower rate, we could experience net interest margin compression as our rates on interest-earning assets decline measured relative to rates on our interest-bearing liabilities. Any such occurrence could have a material adverse effect on our net interest income and on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We measure interest rate risk under various rate scenarios and using specific criteria and assumptions. A summary of this process, along with the results of our net interest income simulations, is included at Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk under “Interest Rate Risk.” Although we believe our current level of interest rate sensitivity is reasonable and effectively managed, significant fluctuations in interest rates may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to risk concerning the discontinuance of the London Inter-bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”).
In July 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority (the authority that regulates LIBOR) announced it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. The Alternative Reference Rates Committee ("ARRC") has proposed that the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") is the rate that represents best practice as the alternative to USD-LIBOR for use in derivatives and other financial contracts that are currently indexed to USD-LIBOR. ARRC has proposed a paced market transition plan to SOFR from USD-LIBOR, and organizations are currently working on industry wide and company specific

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transition plans as it relates to derivatives and cash markets exposed to USD-LIBOR. The Company has material contracts that are indexed to USD-LIBOR and is monitoring this activity and evaluating the related risks.
Credit and Lending Risks
We must manage our credit risk effectively.
There are risks inherent in making any loan, including risks inherent in dealing with individual borrowers, risks of nonpayment, risks resulting from uncertainties as to the future value of collateral and cash flows available to service debt and risks resulting from changes in economic and industry conditions. We attempt to minimize our credit risk through prudent loan application approval procedures, careful monitoring of the concentration of our loans within specific industries and periodic independent reviews of outstanding loans by our credit review department. We periodically examine our credit process and implement changes to improve our procedures and standards. However, we cannot assure you that such approval and monitoring procedures will reduce these credit risks. If the overall economic climate in the United States, generally, or our market areas, specifically, declines, or even if it does not, our borrowers may experience difficulties in repaying their loans, and the level of nonperforming loans, charge-offs and delinquencies could rise and require increases in the provision for loan losses, which would cause our net income and return on equity to decrease.
The small to mid-sized businesses that we lend to may have fewer resources to weather adverse business developments, which may impair a borrower’s ability to repay a loan.
We primarily serve the banking and financial services needs of small to mid-sized businesses. These businesses generally have fewer financial resources in terms of capital or borrowing capacity than larger entities, may be more vulnerable to economic downturns, and may experience volatility in operating results, any of which may impair a borrower’s ability to repay a loan. In addition, the success of a small and medium-sized business often depends on the management talents and efforts of one or two people or a small group of people, and the death, disability or resignation of one or more of these people could have a material adverse impact on the business and its ability to repay its loan. Should the economic conditions negatively impact the markets in which we operate, our borrowers may experience financial difficulties, and the level of nonperforming loans, charge-offs and delinquencies could rise, which could negatively impact our business.
Our loan portfolio has a significant concentration of commercial real estate loans, which involve risks specific to real estate value.
Commercial real estate lending comprises a significant portion of our lending business. Specifically, commercial real estate loans were $1.27 billion, or approximately 52.8% of our total loan portfolio, as of December 31, 2018. Of this amount, $380.2 million, or approximately 15.8% of our total loan portfolio, are loans secured by owner-occupied property, and $888.4 million, or approximately 37.0% of our loan portfolio, are secured by non-owner occupied property. The market value of real estate securing our commercial real estate loans can fluctuate significantly in a short period of time as a result of market conditions in the geographic area in which the real estate is located. Although a significant portion of such loans is secured by real estate as a secondary form of repayment, adverse developments affecting real estate values in one or more of our markets could increase the credit risk associated with our loan portfolio. Additionally, real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts, and the repayment of the loans generally is dependent, in large part, on sufficient income from the properties securing the loans to cover operating expenses and debt service. Economic events or governmental regulations outside of the control of the borrower or lender could negatively impact the future cash flow and market values of the affected properties.
If problems develop in the commercial real estate sector, particularly within one or more of our markets, the value of collateral securing our commercial real estate loans could decline. In such case, we may not be able to realize the amount of security that we anticipated at the time of originating the loan, which could cause us to increase our provision for loan losses and adversely affect our operating results, financial condition and/or capital. In light of the continued general uncertainty that exists in the economy and credit markets nationally, we may experience deterioration in the performance of our commercial real estate loan customers.
Commercial, industrial and agricultural loans make up a significant portion of our loan portfolio.
Commercial, industrial and agricultural loans (including credit cards and commercially related overdrafts) were $630.1 million, or approximately 26.3% of our total loan portfolio, as of December 31, 2018. Our commercial loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flow of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. Most often, this collateral is accounts receivable, inventory and equipment. Credit support provided by the borrower for most of these loans and the probability of repayment is based on the liquidation value of the pledged collateral and enforcement of a personal

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guarantee, if any exists. As a result, in the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from its customers. The collateral securing these loans may depreciate over time, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based on the success of the business. In addition, if the U.S. economy declines, this could harm the businesses of our commercial and industrial customers and reduce the value of the collateral securing these loans.
Payments on agricultural loans are dependent on the successful operation or management of the farm property. The success of the farm may be affected by many factors outside the control of the borrower, including adverse weather conditions that prevent the planting of a crop or limit crop yields (such as hail, drought and floods), loss of livestock due to disease or other factors, declines in market prices for agricultural products (both domestically and internationally) and the impact of government regulations (including changes in price supports, subsidies, tariffs, and environmental regulations). In addition, many farms are dependent on a limited number of key individuals whose injury or death may significantly affect the successful operation of the farm. If the cash flow from a farming operation is diminished, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired. The primary crops in our market areas are corn and soybeans. Accordingly, adverse circumstances affecting these crops could have an adverse effect on our agricultural portfolio. Likewise, agricultural operating loans involve a greater degree of risk than lending on residential properties, particularly in the case of loans that are unsecured or secured by rapidly depreciating assets such as farm equipment or assets such as livestock or crops. In these cases, any repossessed collateral for a defaulted loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance as a result of the greater likelihood of damage, loss or depreciation.
Our allowance for loan losses may prove to be insufficient to absorb losses in our loan portfolio.
We establish our reserve or “allowance” for loan losses at a level considered appropriate by management to absorb probable loan losses based on an analysis of the portfolio, market environment and other factors we deem relevant. The allowance for loan losses represents our estimate of probable losses in the portfolio at each balance sheet date and is based upon relevant information available to us. The allowance contains an allocation for probable losses that have been identified relating to specific borrowing relationships, as well as probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio and credit undertakings that are not specifically identified. Additions to the allowance for loan losses, which are charged to earnings through the provision for loan losses, are determined based on a variety of factors, including an analysis of the loan portfolio, historical loss experience and an evaluation of current economic conditions in our market areas. The determination of the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses inherently involves a high degree of subjectivity and requires us to make significant estimates of current credit risks and future trends, all of which may undergo material changes. Although management has established an allowance for loan losses it believes is adequate to absorb probable and reasonably estimable losses in our loan portfolio, the allowance may not be adequate. We could sustain credit losses that are significantly higher than the amount of our allowance for loan losses. Higher loan losses could arise for a variety of reasons, including changes in economic, operating and other conditions within our markets, as well as changes in the financial condition, cash flows, and operations of our borrowers.
At December 31, 2018, our allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total gross loans was 1.22% and as a percentage of total nonperforming loans was approximately 114.60%. Although management believes that the allowance for loan losses is appropriate to absorb probable loan losses on any existing loans that may become uncollectible, we cannot predict loan losses with certainty, and we cannot assure you that our allowance for loan losses will prove sufficient to cover actual loan losses in the future. We may be required to make additional provisions for loan losses in the future to supplement the allowance for loan losses, either due to management’s decision to do so or because our banking regulators require us to do so. If we experience significant charge-offs in future periods or charge-offs in future periods exceed the allowance for loan losses, we may need additional provisions to replenish the allowance for loan losses. An increase in the allowance for loan losses will result in a decrease in net income and, most likely, capital, and may have a material negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations. Loan losses in excess of our reserves may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Nonperforming assets take significant time to resolve and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition, and could result in further losses in the future.
As of December 31, 2018, our nonperforming loans (which consist of nonaccrual loans, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest and loans modified under troubled debt restructurings, and excluded purchased credit impaired loans) totaled $25.6 million, or 1.07% of our loan portfolio, and our nonperforming assets (which include nonperforming loans plus foreclosed assets, net) totaled $26.1 million, or 1.09% of loans. In addition, we had $5.6 million in accruing loans (not included in the nonperforming loan totals) that were 31-89 days delinquent as of December 31, 2018.
Our nonperforming assets adversely affect our net income in various ways. We do not record interest income on nonaccrual loans or foreclosed assets, thereby adversely affecting our net income and returns on assets and equity, increasing our loan administration costs and adversely affecting our efficiency ratio. When we take collateral in foreclosure and similar proceedings,

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we are required to mark the collateral to its then-fair market value, which may result in a loss. These nonperforming loans and foreclosed assets also increase our risk profile and the capital our regulators believe is appropriate in light of such risks. The resolution of nonperforming assets requires significant time commitments from management and can be detrimental to the performance of their other responsibilities. If we experience increases in nonperforming loans and nonperforming assets, our net interest income may be negatively impacted and our loan administration costs could increase, each of which could have an adverse effect on our net income and related ratios, such as return on assets and equity.
We may encounter issues with environmental law compliance if we take possession, through foreclosure or otherwise, of the real property that secures a loan.
A significant portion of our loan portfolio is secured by real property. In the ordinary course of business, we may foreclose on and take title to properties securing certain loans. In doing so, there is a risk that hazardous or toxic substances could be found on these properties. If hazardous or toxic substances are found, we may be liable for remediation costs, as well as for personal injury and property damage. Environmental laws may require us to incur substantial expenses and may materially reduce the affected property's value or limit our ability to use or sell the affected property. In addition, future laws or more stringent interpretations or enforcement policies with respect to existing laws may increase our exposure to environmental liability. The remediation costs and any other financial liabilities associated with an environmental hazard could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Capital & Liquidity Risks
Liquidity risks could affect operations and jeopardize our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Liquidity is essential to our business. An inability to raise funds through deposits, borrowings, the sale of loans and other sources could have a substantial negative effect on our liquidity. Our most important source of funds consists of customer deposits. Deposit balances can decrease when customers perceive alternative investments, such as the stock market, provide a better risk/return trade-off. If customers move money out of bank deposits and into other investments, we could lose a relatively low cost source of funds, which would require us to seek other, potentially higher cost funding alternatives. Other primary sources of funds consist of cash from operations, investment securities maturities and sales, and funds from sales of our stock. Additional liquidity is provided by brokered deposits, bank lines of credit, repurchase agreements and the ability to borrow from the Federal Reserve Bank and the FHLB. Our access to funding sources in amounts adequate to finance or capitalize our activities or on terms that are acceptable to us could be impaired by factors that affect us directly or the financial services industry or economy in general, such as disruptions in the financial markets or negative views and expectations about the prospects for the financial services industry.
Any decline in available funding could adversely impact our ability to originate loans, invest in securities, pay our expenses, pay dividends to our shareholders, or fulfill obligations such as repaying our borrowings or meeting deposit withdrawal demands, any of which could have a material adverse impact on our liquidity, business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may desire or be required to raise additional capital in the future, but that capital may not be available.
We are required by federal and state regulatory authorities to maintain adequate levels of capital to support our operations. We intend to grow our business organically and to explore opportunities to grow our business by taking advantage of attractive acquisition opportunities, and such growth plans may require us to raise additional capital to ensure that we have adequate levels of capital to support such growth on top of our current operations. In order to accommodate future capital needs we maintain a universal shelf registration statement, which allowed for future sale up to $75 million of securities. During the first and second quarters of 2017, we utilized the shelf registration and issued an additional 750,000 shares of common stock resulting in $24.4 million of new capital for the Company, net of expenses, leaving approximately $49.3 million of securities available to be issued under our shelf registration statement. Our ability to raise additional capital will depend on conditions in the capital markets, economic conditions and a number of other factors, including investor perceptions regarding the banking industry, market conditions and governmental activities, and on our financial condition and performance. Accordingly, we cannot assure you of our ability to raise additional capital, if needed or desired, on terms acceptable to us. If we cannot raise additional capital when needed or desired, our ability to further expand our operations through internal growth or acquisitions could be materially impaired.
Downgrades in the credit rating of one or more insurers that provide credit enhancement for our state and municipal securities portfolio may have an adverse impact on the market for, and valuation of, these types of securities.
We invest in tax-exempt and taxable state and local municipal securities, some of which are insured by monoline insurers. As of December 31, 2018, we had $253.1 million of municipal securities (recorded values), which represented 41.3% of our total securities portfolio. Following the onset of the financial crisis, several of these insurers came under scrutiny by rating agencies.

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Even though management generally purchases municipal securities on the overall credit strength of the issuer, the reduction in the credit rating of an insurer may negatively impact the market for and valuation of our investment securities. Such a downgrade could adversely affect our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.
Our ability to pay dividends is subject to certain limitations and restrictions, and there is no guarantee that we will be able to continue paying the same level of dividends in the future that we have paid in the past or that we will be able to pay future dividends at all.
Our ability to pay dividends is limited by regulatory restrictions and the need to maintain sufficient consolidated capital. The ability of the Bank to pay dividends to us is limited by its obligations to maintain sufficient capital and liquidity and by other general restrictions on dividends that are applicable to the Bank, including the requirement under the Iowa Banking Act that the Bank may not pay dividends in excess of its undivided profits. If these regulatory requirements are not met, the Bank will not be able to pay dividends to us, and we may be unable to pay dividends on our common stock.
In addition, as a bank holding company, our ability to declare and pay dividends is subject to the guidelines of the Federal Reserve regarding capital adequacy and dividends. The Federal Reserve guidelines generally require us to review the effects of the cash payment of dividends on common stock and other Tier 1 capital instruments (i.e., perpetual preferred stock and trust preferred debt) in light of our earnings, capital adequacy and financial condition. As a general matter, the Federal Reserve indicates that the board of directors of a bank holding company (including a financial holding company) should eliminate, defer or significantly reduce the company’s dividends if:
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the company’s net income available to shareholders for the past four quarters, net of dividends previously paid during that period, is not sufficient to fully fund the dividends;
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the prospective rate of earnings retention is inconsistent with the company’s capital needs and overall current and prospective financial condition; or
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the company will not meet, or is in danger of not meeting, its minimum regulatory capital adequacy ratios.
As of December 31, 2018, we had $23.9 million of junior subordinated debentures held by three statutory business trusts that we control. Interest payments on the debentures, which totaled $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, must be paid before we pay dividends on our capital stock, including our common stock. We have the right to defer interest payments on the debentures for up to 20 consecutive quarters. However, if we elect to defer interest payments, all deferred interest must be paid before we may pay dividends on our capital stock.
We have counterparty risk and therefore we may be adversely affected by the soundness of other financial institutions.
Our ability to engage in routine funding and other transactions could be negatively affected by the actions and the soundness of other financial institutions. Financial services institutions are generally interrelated as a result of trading, clearing, counterparty, credit or other relationships. We have exposure to many different industries and counterparties and regularly engage in transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, including commercial banks, brokers and dealers, investment banks and other institutional customers. Many of these transactions may expose us to credit or other risks if another financial institution experiences adverse circumstances. In certain circumstances, the collateral that we hold may be insufficient to fully cover the risk that a counterparty defaults on its obligations, which may cause us to experience losses that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Competitive and Strategic Risks
We face intense competition in all phases of our business from banks and other financial institutions.
The banking and financial services businesses in our markets are highly competitive. Our competitors include large regional banks, local community banks, savings and loan associations, securities and brokerage companies, mortgage companies, insurance companies, finance companies, money market mutual funds, small local credit unions as well as large aggressive and expansion-minded credit unions, and other non-bank financial services providers. Many of these competitors are not subject to the same regulatory restrictions as we are. Many of our unregulated competitors compete across geographic boundaries and are able to provide customers with a competitive alternative to traditional banking services.
Increased competition in our markets may result in a decrease in the amounts of our loans and deposits, reduced spreads between loan rates and deposit rates or loan terms that are more favorable to the borrower. Any of these results could have a material adverse effect on our ability to grow and remain profitable. If increased competition causes us to significantly discount the interest rates we offer on loans or increase the amount we pay on deposits, our net interest income could be adversely impacted.

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If increased competition causes us to modify our underwriting standards, we could be exposed to higher losses from lending activities. Additionally, many of our competitors are much larger in total assets and capitalization, have greater access to capital markets, have larger lending limits and offer a broader range of financial services than we can offer.
If the merger with ATBancorp is completed, difficulties in combining the operations of ATBancorp and the Company may prevent the Company from achieving the expected benefits from the merger.
The Company may not be able to achieve the strategic objectives and operating efficiencies it hopes to achieve in the merger. The anticipated benefits of the merger may not be fully realized, may not be realized at all or may take longer to realize than expected. The success of the merger will depend on a number of factors, including the Company’s ability to:
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integrate the operations of ATBancorp and the Company, including successfully integrating and combining the technology, financial, credit, security and legal reporting systems and controls of the Company and ATBancorp;
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maintain existing relationships with depositors so as to minimize withdrawals of deposits after the merger;
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maintain and enhance existing relationships with borrowers so as to limit unanticipated losses from loans of ATBancorp’s banking subsidiaries and the Bank;
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maintain existing relationships of key employees of ATBancorp;
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control the incremental non-interest expense so as to maintain overall operating efficiencies; and
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compete effectively in the communities served by ATBancorp and the Company.
If the merger is not completed, the Company will have incurred substantial expenses without realizing the expected benefits of the merger.
If the merger is delayed or not consummated, the ongoing business, financial condition and results of operations of the Company may be materially adversely affected, and the market price or value of the Company’s common stock may decline significantly, particularly to the extent that the current market price reflects a market assumption that the merger will be consummated. In addition, the Company has incurred and will incur substantial expenses in connection with the negotiation and completion of the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement with ATBancorp, as well as the costs and expenses of filing certain required documents with the SEC in connection with the merger. If the merger is not completed, the Company would have to recognize these expenses without realizing the expected benefits of the merger. Any of the foregoing, or other risks arising in connection with the failure of or delay in consummating the merger, including the diversion of management attention from pursuing other opportunities and the constraints in the merger agreement on the ability to make significant changes to the Company’s ongoing business during the pendency of the merger, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
If the Company fails to successfully integrate ATBancorp into its internal control over financial reporting or if the internal control of ATBancorp over financial reporting were found to be ineffective, the integrity of the Company’s financial reporting could be compromised which could result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s reported financial results or in the determination of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.
As a private company, ATBancorp has not been subject to the requirements of the Exchange Act with respect to internal control over financial reporting. The integration of ATBancorp into the Company’s internal control over financial reporting will require significant time and resources from management and other personnel and will increase compliance costs. If the Company fails to successfully integrate the operations of ATBancorp into its internal control over financial reporting, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting may not be effective. Failure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to accurately report its financial results and the market’s perception of its business and its stock price.
Consumers and businesses are increasingly using non-banks to complete their financial transactions, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Technology and other changes are allowing consumers and businesses to complete financial transactions that historically have involved banks through alternative methods. For example, the wide acceptance of Internet-based commerce has resulted in a number of alternative payment processing systems and lending platforms in which banks play only minor roles. Customers can now maintain funds in prepaid debit cards or digital currencies, and pay bills and transfer funds directly without the direct assistance of banks. The diminishing role of banks as financial intermediaries has resulted and could continue to result in the loss of fee income, as well as the loss of customer deposits and the related income generated from those deposits. The loss of these revenue streams and the potential loss of lower cost deposits as a source of funds could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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We have a continuing need for technological change, and we may not have the resources to effectively implement new technology.
The financial services industry continues to undergo rapid technological changes with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. In addition to enabling us to better serve our customers, the effective use of technology increases efficiency and the potential for cost reduction. Our future success will depend in part upon our ability to address the needs of our customers by using technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands for convenience as well as to create additional efficiencies in our operations as we continue to grow our market share. Many of our larger competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements. As a result, they may be able to offer additional or superior products to those that we will be able to offer, which could put us at a competitive disadvantage. Accordingly, we cannot provide you with assurance that we will be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services or be successful in marketing such products and services to our customers.
We may be adversely affected by risks associated with completed and potential acquisitions, including execution risks, failure to realize anticipated transaction benefits, and failure to overcome integration risks, which could adversely affect our growth and profitability.
We plan to continue to grow our businesses organically but remain open to considering potential bank or other acquisition opportunities that make financial and strategic sense. In the event that we do pursue acquisitions, such as the pending acquisition of ATBancorp, we may have difficulty executing on acquisitions and may not realize the anticipated benefits of any transaction we complete. Any of the foregoing matters could materially and adversely affect us.
In any acquisition that we complete, we may fail to realize some or all of the anticipated transaction benefits if the integration process takes longer or is more costly than expected or otherwise fails to meet our expectations. Acquisition activities could be material to our business and involve a number of risks, including the following:
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We may incur time and expense associated with identifying and evaluating potential acquisitions and negotiating potential transactions, resulting in our attention being diverted from the operation of our existing business.
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We are exposed to potential asset and credit quality risks and unknown or contingent liabilities of the banks or businesses we acquire. If these issues or liabilities exceed our estimates, our earnings, capital and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.
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The acquisition of other entities generally requires integration of systems, procedures and personnel of the acquired entity. This integration process is complicated and time consuming and can also be disruptive to the customers and employees of the acquired business and our business. If the integration process is not conducted successfully, we may not realize the anticipated economic benefits of acquisitions within the expected time frame, or ever, and we may lose customers or employees of the acquired business. We may also experience greater than anticipated customer losses even if the integration process is successful.
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To finance an acquisition, we may borrow funds or pursue other forms of financing, such as issuing voting and/or non-voting common stock or convertible preferred stock, which may have high dividend rights or may be highly dilutive to holders of our common stock, thereby increasing our leverage and diminishing our liquidity, or issuing capital stock, which could dilute the interests of our existing shareholders.
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We may be unsuccessful in realizing the anticipated benefits from acquisitions. For example, we may not be successful in realizing anticipated cost savings. We also may not be successful in preventing disruptions in service to existing customer relationships of the acquired institution, which could lead to a loss in revenues.
        In addition to the foregoing, we may face additional risks in acquisitions to the extent we acquire new lines of business or new products, or enter new geographic areas, in which we have little or no current experience, especially if we lose key employees of the acquired operations. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in overcoming these risks or any other problems encountered in connection with acquisitions. Our inability to overcome risks associated with acquisitions could have an adverse effect on our ability to successfully implement our acquisition growth strategy and grow our business and profitability.
Accounting and Tax Risks
We are subject to changes in accounting principles, policies or guidelines.
Our financial performance is impacted by accounting principles, policies and guidelines. Some of these policies require the use of estimates and assumptions that may affect the value of our assets or liabilities and financial results. Some of our accounting policies are critical because they require management to make difficult, subjective and complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain and because it is likely that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using

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different assumptions. If such estimates or assumptions underlying our financial statements are incorrect, we may experience material losses.
From time to time, the FASB and the SEC change the financial accounting and reporting standards or the interpretation of those standards that govern the preparation of our financial statements. These changes are beyond our control, can be difficult to predict and could materially impact how we report our financial condition and results of operations. Changes in these standards are continuously occurring, and given recent economic conditions, more drastic changes may occur. The implementation of such changes could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
A new accounting standard may require us to increase our allowance for loan losses and may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
The FASB has adopted a new accounting standard that will be effective for the Company and the Bank for our first fiscal year after December 15, 2019. This standard, referred to as Current Expected Credit Loss, or CECL, will require financial institutions to determine periodic estimates of lifetime expected credit losses on loans, and recognize the expected credit losses as allowances for loan losses. This will change the current method of providing allowances for loan losses that are probable, which may require us to increase our allowance for loan losses, and to greatly increase the types of data we will need to collect and review to determine the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses. Any increase in our allowance for loan losses or expenses incurred to determine the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
The Company is subject to changes in tax law and may not realize tax benefits which could adversely affect our results of operations.
Changes in tax laws at national or state levels could have an effect on the Company’s short-term and long-term earnings. Tax law changes are both difficult to predict and are beyond the Company’s control. Changes in tax laws could affect the Company’s earnings as well as its customers’ financial positions, or both. On December 22, 2017, the President signed into law the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) which, effective January 2018, reduced the federal corporate tax rate as well as adjusted tax rates, deductions and exemptions for individuals and businesses alike. While the reduction in the corporate tax rate could benefit the Company long-term, the Company took a one-time, non-cash charge of $3.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 as a result of the revaluation of the Company’s net deferred tax position following the enactment of the Tax Act.
Deferred tax assets are designed to reduce subsequent period’s income tax expense and arise, in part, as a result of net loss carry-overs, and other book accounting to tax accounting differences including the allowance for loan losses, stock-based compensation, and deferred compensation. Such items are recorded as assets when it is anticipated the tax consequences will be recorded in future periods. A valuation allowance is established against a deferred tax asset when it is unlikely the future tax effects will be realized. Significant judgment by management about matters that are by nature uncertain is required to record a deferred tax asset and establish a valuation allowance.
In evaluating the need for a valuation allowance, the Company estimated future taxable income based on management forecasts and tax planning strategies that may be available to us. If future events differ significantly from our current forecasts, the Company may need to establish a valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets, which would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. In addition, current portions of the net deferred tax assets relate to tax-effected state net operating loss carry-forwards, the utilization of which may be further limited in the event of certain material changes in the Company’s ownership.
In addition, changes in ownership could further limit the Company’s realization of deferred tax assets. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods prior to the expiration of the related net operating losses and the limitation of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”). Section 382 of the Code contains rules that limit the ability of a company that undergoes an ownership change to utilize its net operating loss carry-forwards and certain built-in losses recognized in years after the ownership change. The Company issued a significant amount of common stock in connection with the acquisition of Central Bancshares, Inc. (“Central”) in 2015 and will issued a significant amount of common stock in connection with the in the proposed acquisition of ATBancorp. While the issuance of stock does not affect an ownership change under Section 382, it may make it more likely that an ownership change under Section 382 will occur in the future. If the Company undergoes an ownership change for purposes of Section 382 as a result of future transactions involving our common stock, our ability to use net operating loss carry-forwards, tax credit carry-forwards or net unrealized built-in losses at the time of ownership change would be subject to the limitations of Section 382. The limitation may affect the amount of the Company’s deferred income tax asset and, depending on the limitation, a portion of its built-in losses. Net operating loss carry-

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forwards or tax credit carry-forwards could expire before the Company would be able to use them. This could adversely affect the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flow.
Operational Risks
We face the risk of possible future goodwill impairment.
We performed a valuation analysis of our goodwill, $64.7 million related to our acquisition of Central, as of October 1, 2018, and also an additional valuation analysis of our goodwill at December 31, 2018, and neither analysis indicated any impairment existed. We will be required to perform additional goodwill impairment assessments on at least an annual basis, and perhaps more frequently, which could result in goodwill impairment charges. Any future goodwill impairment charge on the current goodwill balance, or future goodwill arising out of acquisitions that we are required to take, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations by reducing our net income or increasing our net losses.
We could recognize losses on securities held in our securities portfolio, particularly if interest rates increase or economic and market conditions deteriorate.
As of December 31, 2018, the fair value of our securities portfolio was approximately $609.4 million. Factors beyond our control can significantly influence the fair value of securities in our portfolio and can cause potential adverse changes to the fair value of these securities. For example, fixed-rate securities acquired by us are generally subject to decreases in market value when interest rates rise. Additional factors include, but are not limited to, rating agency downgrades of the securities, defaults by the issuer or individual mortgagors with respect to the underlying securities, and instability in the credit markets. Any of the foregoing factors could cause an other-than-temporary impairment in future periods and result in realized losses. The process for determining whether impairment is other-than-temporary usually requires subjective judgments about the future financial performance of the issuer and any collateral underlying the security in order to assess the probability of receiving all contractual principal and interest payments on the security. Because of changing economic and market conditions affecting interest rates, the financial condition of issuers of the securities and the performance of the underlying collateral, we may recognize realized and/ or unrealized losses in future periods, which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Our ability to attract and retain management and key personnel may affect future growth and earnings.
Much of our success and growth has been influenced by our ability to attract and retain management experienced in banking and financial services and familiar with the communities in our market areas. Our ability to retain our executive officers, current management teams, branch managers and loan officers will continue to be important to the successful implementation of our strategy. It is also critical, as we grow, to be able to attract and retain qualified additional management and loan officers with the appropriate level of experience and knowledge about our market areas to implement our operating strategy. The Dodd-Frank Act also directs the Federal Reserve to promulgate rules prohibiting excessive compensation paid to bank holding company executives. These rules, when adopted, may make it more difficult to attract and retain the people we need to operate our businesses and limit our ability to promote our objectives through our compensation and incentive programs. The unexpected loss of services of any key management personnel, or the inability to recruit and retain qualified personnel in the future, could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
The occurrence of fraudulent activity, breaches or failures of our information security controls or cybersecurity-related incidents could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
As a bank, we are susceptible to fraudulent activity, information security breaches and cybersecurity-related incidents that may be committed against us or our clients, which may result in financial losses or increased costs to us or our clients, disclosure or misuse of our information or our client information, misappropriation of assets, privacy breaches against our clients, litigation or damage to our reputation. Such fraudulent activity may take many forms, including check fraud, electronic fraud, wire fraud, phishing, social engineering and other dishonest acts. Information security breaches and cybersecurity-related incidents may include fraudulent or unauthorized access to systems used by us or our clients, denial or degradation of service attacks and malware or other cyber-attacks.
In recent periods, there continues to be a rise in electronic fraudulent activity, security breaches and cyber-attacks within the financial services industry, especially in the commercial banking sector due to cyber criminals targeting commercial bank accounts. Moreover, in recent periods, several large corporations, including financial institutions and retail companies, have suffered major data breaches, in some cases exposing not only confidential and proprietary corporate information, but also sensitive financial and other personal information of their customers and employees and subjecting them to potential fraudulent activity.

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Some of our clients may have been affected by these breaches, which could increase their risks of identity theft and other fraudulent activity that could involve their accounts with us.
Information pertaining to us and our clients is maintained, and transactions are executed, on networks and systems maintained by us and certain third party partners, such as our online banking, mobile banking or accounting systems. The secure maintenance and transmission of confidential information, as well as execution of transactions over these systems, are essential to protect us and our clients against fraud and security breaches and to maintain the confidence of our clients. Breaches of information security also may occur through intentional or unintentional acts by those having access to our systems or the confidential information of our clients, including employees. In addition, increases in criminal activity levels and sophistication, advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries, vulnerabilities in third party technologies (including browsers and operating systems) or other developments could result in a compromise or breach of the technology, processes and controls that we use to prevent fraudulent transactions and to protect data about us, our clients and underlying transactions, as well as the technology used by our clients to access our systems. Our third party partners’ inability to anticipate, or failure to adequately mitigate, breaches of security could result in a number of negative events, including losses to us or our clients, loss of business or clients, damage to our reputation, the incurrence of additional expenses, disruption to our business, additional regulatory scrutiny or penalties or our exposure to civil litigation and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
We depend on information technology and telecommunications systems of third parties, and any systems failures, interruptions or data breaches involving these systems could adversely affect our operations and financial condition.
Our business is highly dependent on the successful and uninterrupted functioning of our information technology and telecommunications systems, third party servicers, accounting systems, mobile and online banking platforms and financial intermediaries. We outsource to third parties many of our major systems, such as data processing and mobile and online banking. The failure of these systems, or the termination of a third party software license or service agreement on which any of these systems is based, could interrupt our operations. Because our information technology and telecommunications systems interface with and depend on third party systems, we could experience service denials if demand for such services exceeds capacity or such third party systems fail or experience interruptions. A system failure or service denial could result in a deterioration of our ability to process loans or gather deposits and provide customer service, compromise our ability to operate effectively, result in potential noncompliance with applicable laws or regulations, damage our reputation, result in a loss of customer business or subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. In addition, failures of third parties to comply with applicable laws and regulations, or fraud or misconduct on the part of employees of any of these third parties, could disrupt our operations or adversely affect our reputation.
It may be difficult for us to replace some of our third party vendors, particularly vendors providing our core banking and information services, in a timely manner if they are unwilling or unable to provide us with these services in the future for any reason and even if we are able to replace them, it may be at higher cost or result in the loss of customers. Any such events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
Our operations rely heavily on the secure processing, storage and transmission of information and the monitoring of a large number of transactions on a minute-by-minute basis, and even a short interruption in service could have significant consequences. We also interact with and rely on retailers, for whom we process transactions, as well as financial counterparties and regulators. Each of these third parties may be targets of the same types of fraudulent activity, computer break-ins and other cybersecurity breaches described above, and the cybersecurity measures that they maintain to mitigate the risk of such activity may be different than our own and may be inadequate.
As a result of financial entities and technology systems becoming more interdependent and complex, a cyber incident, information breach or loss, or technology failure that compromises the systems or data of one or more financial entities could have a material impact on counterparties or other market participants, including ourselves. As a result of the foregoing, our ability to conduct business may be adversely affected by any significant disruptions to us or to third parties with whom we interact.
We are subject to certain operational risks, including, but not limited to, customer or employee fraud and data processing system failures and errors.
Employee errors and employee and customer misconduct could subject us to financial losses or regulatory sanctions and seriously harm our reputation. Misconduct by our employees could include hiding unauthorized activities from us, improper or unauthorized activities on behalf of our customers or improper use of confidential information. It is not always possible to prevent

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employee errors and misconduct, and the precautions we take to prevent and detect this activity may not be effective in all cases. Employee errors could also subject us to financial claims for negligence.
We maintain a system of internal controls and insurance coverage to mitigate against operational risks, including data processing system failures and errors and customer or employee fraud. Should our internal controls fail to prevent or detect an occurrence, and if any resulting loss is not insured or exceeds applicable insurance limits, such failure could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our framework for managing risks may not be effective in mitigating risk and loss to us.
Our risk management framework seeks to mitigate risk and loss to us. We have established processes and procedures intended to identify, measure, monitor, report and analyze the types of risk to which we are subject, including liquidity risk, credit risk, market risk, interest rate risk, operational risk, compensation risk, legal and compliance risk, and reputational risk, among others. However, as with any risk management framework, there are inherent limitations to our risk management strategies as there may exist, or develop in the future, risks that we have not appropriately anticipated or identified. Our ability to successfully identify and manage risks facing us is an important factor that can significantly impact our results. If our risk management framework proves ineffective, we could suffer unexpected losses and could be materially adversely affected.
Our internal controls may be ineffective
Management regularly reviews and updates our internal controls, disclosure controls and procedures and corporate governance policies and procedures. Any system of controls, however well designed and operated, is based in part on certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurances that the objectives of the system are met. Any failure or circumvention of our controls and procedures or failure to comply with regulations related to controls and procedures could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We depend on the accuracy and completeness of information provided by customers and counterparties.
In deciding whether to extend credit or enter into other transactions with customers and counterparties, we may rely on information furnished to us by or on behalf of customers and counterparties, including financial statements and other financial information. We also may rely on representations of customers and counterparties as to the accuracy and completeness of that information. In deciding whether to extend credit, we may rely upon our customers' representations that their financial statements conform to U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) and present fairly, in all material respects, the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the customer. We also may rely on customer representations and certifications, or other audit or accountants' reports, with respect to the business and financial condition of our clients. Our financial condition, results of operations, financial reporting and reputation could be negatively affected if we rely on materially misleading, false, inaccurate or fraudulent information.
Our reputation could be damaged by negative publicity.
Reputational risk, or the risk to our business, financial condition or results of operations from negative publicity, is inherent in our business. Negative publicity can result from actual or alleged conduct in a number of areas, including legal and regulatory compliance, lending practices, corporate governance, litigation, inadequate protection of customer data, ethical behavior of our employees, and from actions taken by regulators, ratings agencies and others as a result of that conduct. Damage to our reputation could impact our ability to attract new or maintain existing loan and deposit customers, employees and business relationships.
Regulatory Risks
We operate in a highly regulated industry and the laws and regulations to which we are subject, or changes in them, or our failure to comply with them, may adversely affect us.
The Company and the Bank are subject to extensive regulation by multiple regulatory agencies. These regulations may affect the manner and terms of delivery of our services. If we do not comply with governmental regulations, we may be subject to fines, penalties, lawsuits or material restrictions on our businesses in the jurisdiction where the violation occurred, which may adversely affect our business operations. Changes in these regulations can significantly affect the services that we provide, as well as our costs of compliance with such regulations. In addition, adverse publicity and damage to our reputation arising from the failure or perceived failure to comply with legal, regulatory or contractual requirements could affect our ability to attract and retain customers.

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Monetary policies and regulations of the Federal Reserve could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition to being affected by general economic conditions, our earnings and growth are affected by the policies of the Federal Reserve. An important function of the Federal Reserve is to regulate the money supply and credit conditions. Among the instruments used by the Federal Reserve to implement these objectives are open market operations in U.S. government securities, adjustments of the discount rate and changes in reserve requirements against bank deposits. These instruments are used in varying combinations to influence overall economic growth and the distribution of credit, bank loans, investments and deposits. Their use also affects interest rates charged on loans or paid on deposits.
The monetary policies and regulations of the Federal Reserve have had a significant effect on the operating results of commercial banks in the past and are expected to continue to do so in the future. The effects of such policies upon our business, financial condition and results of operations cannot be predicted.
Federal and state regulators periodically examine our business, and we may be required to remediate adverse examination findings.
The Federal Reserve, the FDIC, and the Iowa Division periodically examine our business, including our compliance with laws and regulations. If, as a result of an examination, a banking agency were to determine that our financial condition, capital resources, asset quality, earnings prospects, management, liquidity or other aspects of any of our operations had become unsatisfactory, or that we were in violation of any law or regulation, they may take a number of different remedial actions as they deem appropriate. These actions include the power to enjoin “unsafe or unsound” practices, to require affirmative action to correct any conditions resulting from any violation or practice, to issue an administrative order that can be judicially enforced, to direct an increase in our capital, to restrict our growth, to assess civil money penalties, to fine or remove officers and directors and, if it is concluded that such conditions cannot be corrected or there is an imminent risk of loss to depositors, to terminate our deposit insurance and place our bank into receivership or conservatorship. Any regulatory action against us could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to numerous laws designed to protect consumers, including the CRA and fair lending laws, and failure to comply with these laws could lead to a wide variety of sanctions.
The CRA requires our bank, consistent with safe and sound operations, to ascertain and meet the credit needs of its entire community, including low and moderate income areas. Our bank’s failure to comply with the CRA could, among other things, result in the denial or delay of certain corporate applications filed by us or our bank, including applications for branch openings or relocations and applications to acquire, merge or consolidate with another banking institution or holding company. In addition, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Housing Act and other fair lending laws and regulations prohibit discriminatory lending practices by financial institutions. The U.S. Department of Justice, federal banking agencies, and other federal agencies are responsible for enforcing these laws and regulations. A challenge to an institution’s compliance with fair lending laws and regulations could result in a wide variety of sanctions, including damages and civil money penalties, injunctive relief, restrictions on mergers and acquisitions activity, restrictions on expansion, and restrictions on entering new business lines. Private parties may also challenge an institution’s performance under fair lending laws in private class action litigation. Such actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
Non-compliance with the USA Patriot Act, the Bank Secrecy Act or other laws and regulations could result in fines or sanctions against us.
The USA Patriot Act and the Bank Secrecy Act require financial institutions to design and implement programs to prevent financial institutions from being used for money laundering and terrorist activities. If such activities are detected, financial institutions are obligated to file suspicious activity reports with the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network of the Treasury. These rules require financial institutions to establish procedures for identifying and verifying the identity of customers seeking to open new financial accounts. Federal and state bank regulators also have focused on compliance with Bank Secrecy Act and anti-money laundering regulations. Failure to comply with these regulations could result in fines or sanctions, including restrictions on conducting acquisitions or establishing new branches. In recent years, several banking institutions have received large fines for non-compliance with these laws and regulations. While we have developed policies and procedures designed to assist in compliance with these laws and regulations, these policies and procedures may not be effective in preventing violations of these laws and regulations. Failure to maintain and implement adequate programs to combat money laundering and terrorist financing could also have serious reputational consequences for us, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

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Common Stock Risks
There is a limited trading market for our common shares, and you may not be able to resell your shares at or above the price you paid for them.
Although our common shares are listed for quotation on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the trading in our common shares has substantially less liquidity than many other companies listed on Nasdaq. A public trading market having the desired characteristics of depth, liquidity and orderliness depends on the presence in the market of willing buyers and sellers of our common shares at any given time. This presence depends on the individual decisions of investors and general economic and market conditions over which we have no control. We cannot assure you that the volume of trading in our common shares will increase in the future.
The stock market can be volatile, and fluctuations in our operating results and other factors could cause our stock price to decline.
The stock market has experienced, and may continue to experience, fluctuations that significantly impact the market prices of securities issued by many companies. Market fluctuations could adversely affect our stock price. These fluctuations have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations, as well as general economic, systemic, political and market conditions, such as recessions, loss of investor confidence, interest rate changes, government shutdowns, trade wars, or international currency fluctuations, may negatively affect the market price of our common stock. Moreover, our operating results may fluctuate and vary from period to period due to the risk factors set forth herein. As a result, period-to-period comparisons should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. Our stock price could fluctuate significantly in response to our quarterly or annual results, annual projections and the impact of these risk factors on our operating results or financial position.
Certain shareholders own a significant interest in the company and may exercise their control in a manner detrimental to your interests.
Certain MidWestOne shareholders who are descendants of our founder collectively control approximately 23.1% of our outstanding common stock. Following the anticipated merger with ATBancorp, ATBancorp’s shareholders are expected to own approximately 25% of MidWestOne’s outstanding common stock. These shareholders may have the opportunity to exert influence on the outcome of matters required to be submitted to shareholders for approval. In addition, the significant level of ownership by these shareholders may contribute to the rather limited liquidity of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market.

ITEM 1B.
UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.
None.


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ITEM 2.
PROPERTIES.
The following table is a listing of the Company’s operating facilities:
Facility Address
Facility
Square
Footage
Owned or
Leased
 
 
 
Iowa Offices
 
 
802 13th Street in Belle Plaine
5,013
Owned
3225 Division Street in Burlington
10,550
Owned
4510 Prairie Parkway in Cedar Falls
14,500
Owned
120 West Center Street in Conrad
8,382
Owned
110 First Avenue in Coralville
5,000
Owned
58 East Burlington Avenue in Fairfield
5,896
Owned
2408 West Burlington Avenue in Fairfield
3,520
Owned
926 Avenue G in Fort Madison
3,548
Owned
102 South Clinton Street in Iowa City (1)
58,440
Owned
500 South Clinton Street in Iowa City (2)
44,427
Owned
1906 Keokuk Street in Iowa City
6,333
Owned
2233 Rochester Avenue in Iowa City
3,916
Owned
202 Main Street in Melbourne
2,800
Owned
10030 Highway 149 in North English
2,080
Owned
465 Highway 965 NE, Suite A in North Liberty
3,245
Leased
124 South First Street in Oskaloosa
7,160
Owned
222 First Avenue East in Oskaloosa
6,692
Owned
1001 Highway 57 in Parkersburg
7,420
Owned
700 Main Street, Suite 100 in Pella
6,817
Leased
500 Oskaloosa Street in Pella
1,960
Owned
112 North Main Street in Sigourney
4,440
Owned
3110 Kimball Avenue in Waterloo
3,364
Leased
305 West Rainbow Drive in West Liberty
4,791
Owned
 
 
 
Minnesota Offices
 
 
7111 21st Avenue N. in Centerville
3,167
Owned
7031 20th Avenue S. in Centerville (3)
2,400
Leased
11151 Lake Boulevard in Chisago City
2,500
Owned
3585 124th Avenue in Coon Rapids
4,125
Owned
6640 Shady Oak Road in Eden Prairie
4,464
Leased
18233 Carson Court NW in Elk River
6,393
Owned
1650 South Lake Street in Forest Lake
8,150
Owned
945 Winnetka Avenue N. in Golden Valley
18,078
Owned
2120 Hennepin Avenue S. in Minneapolis
4,360
Owned
2104 Hastings Avenue in Newport
16,600
Owned
750 Central Avenue E., Suite 100 in Saint Michael
7,378
Leased
930 Southview Boulevard in South Saint Paul
6,970
Owned
2270 Frontage Road W. in Stillwater
12,730
Owned
3670 East County Line N. in White Bear Lake
5,440
Owned


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Facility Address
Facility
Square
Footage
Owned or
Leased
 
 
 
Wisconsin Offices
 
 
404 County Road UU in Hudson
5,300
Owned
880 Sixth Street N. in Hudson
4,763
Owned
304 Cascade Street in Osceola
21,500
Owned
2183 US Highway 8 E. in Saint Croix Falls
3,400
Owned
 
 
 
Florida Offices
 
 
8690 Gladiolus Drive in Fort Myers
6,689
Owned
4099 Tamiami Trail N., Suite 100 in Naples
9,365
Leased
 
 
 
Colorado Office
 
 
1899 Wynkoop Street, Suite 100 in Denver
4,052
Leased
8670 Wolff Court in Westminster(4)
603
Leased
 
 
 
(1) - This facility is utilized as a branch in addition to housing the Company’s headquarters.
(2) - This facility contains a total of 63,206 square feet, of which the Bank occupies 44,427 square feet.
(3) - This facility is not a full service branch, but is used exclusively for the origination of Small Business Administration (“SBA”) loans.
(4) - This facility is not a full service branch, but is used exclusively for investment advisory services.

The Bank intends to limit its investment in premises to no more than 50% of capital. Management believes that the facilities are of sound construction, in good operating condition, appropriately insured and adequately equipped for carrying on the business of the Company.

No individual real estate property amounts to 10% or more of consolidated assets.

ITEM 3.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
We and our subsidiaries are from time to time parties to various legal actions arising in the normal course of business. We believe that there is no threatened or pending proceeding, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the Company’s business, against us or our subsidiaries or of which our property is the subject, which, if determined adversely, would have a material adverse effect on our consolidated business or financial condition.

ITEM 4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.
Not applicable.


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PART II

ITEM 5.
MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.
Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “MOFG.”
As of March 6, 2019, there were 12,171,032 shares of common stock outstanding held by approximately 416 holders of record. Additionally, there are an estimated 2,715 beneficial holders whose stock was held in street name by brokerage houses and other nominees as of that date.
Repurchases of Company Equity Securities
On October 16, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a new share repurchase program, allowing for the repurchase of up to $5.0 million of common stock through December 31, 2020. The new repurchase program replaces the Company's prior repurchase program, pursuant to which the Company had repurchased 33,998 shares of common stock for approximately $1.1 million since the plan was announced in July 2016. The prior program had authorized the repurchase of $5.0 million of stock and was due to expire on December 31, 2018.
The following table sets forth information about the Company’s purchases of its common stock in the fourth quarter of 2018:
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Period
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased
 
Average Price Paid per Share
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs
 
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program
October 1 - 31, 2018
 
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
$
5,000,000

November 1 - 30, 2018
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
5,000,000

December 1 - 31, 2018
 
42,130

 
24.85

 
42,130

 
3,952,883

Total
 
42,130

 
$
24.85

 
42,130

 
$
3,952,883

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Performance Graph
The following table compares MidWestOne’s performance, as measured by the change in price of its common stock plus reinvested dividends, with the Nasdaq Composite Index and the SNL-Midwestern Banks Index for the five years ended December 31, 2018.
MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc.
chart-0514a1e77af85c3283a.jpg
 
At
Index
12/31/2013
 
12/31/2014
 
12/31/2015
 
12/31/2016
 
12/31/2017
 
12/31/2018
MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc.
$
100.00

 
$
108.38

 
$
116.72

 
$
147.47

 
$
134.05

 
$
101.72

Nasdaq Composite Index
100.00

 
114.75

 
122.74

 
133.62

 
173.22

 
168.30

SNL-Midwestern Banks Index
100.00

 
108.71

 
110.36

 
147.46

 
158.46

 
135.31

The banks in the custom peer group - SNL-Midwestern Banks Index - represent all publicly traded banks, thrifts or financial service companies located in Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota and Wisconsin.


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ITEM 6.
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.
The following selected financial data for each of the five years in the period ended December 31, 2018, has been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements and the results of operations for each of the five years in the period ended December 31, 2018. This financial data should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the related notes thereto.
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Summary of Income Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total interest income excluding loan pool participations
 
$
128,824

 
$
119,320

 
$
112,328

 
$
99,902

 
$
62,888

Total interest and discount on loan pool participations
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
798

 
1,516

Total interest income including loan pool participations
 
128,824

 
119,320

 
112,328

 
100,700

 
64,404

Total interest expense
 
22,841

 
15,145

 
12,722

 
10,648

 
9,551

Net interest income
 
105,983

 
104,175

 
99,606

 
90,052

 
54,853

Provision for loan losses
 
7,300

 
17,334

 
7,983

 
5,132

 
1,200

Noninterest income
 
22,788

 
22,370

 
23,434

 
21,193

 
15,313

Noninterest expense
 
83,503

 
80,136

 
87,806

 
73,176

 
43,413

Income before income tax
 
37,968

 
29,075

 
27,251

 
32,937

 
25,553

Income tax expense
 
7,617

 
10,376

 
6,860

 
7,819

 
7,031

Net income
 
$
30,351

 
$
18,699

 
$
20,391

 
$
25,118

 
$
18,522

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Per share data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per common share - basic
 
$
2.48

 
$
1.55

 
$
1.78

 
$
2.42

 
$
2.20

Earnings per common share - diluted
 
2.48

 
1.55

 
1.78

 
2.42

 
2.19

Earnings per common share, exclusive of merger-related expenses - diluted*
 
2.54

 
N/A

 
2.03

 
2.70

 
2.31

Earnings per common share, exclusive of deferred tax adjustment - diluted*
 
N/A

 
1.82

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

Cash dividends declared
 
0.78

 
0.67

 
0.64

 
0.60

 
0.58

Book value
 
29.32

 
27.85

 
26.71

 
25.96

 
23.07

Net tangible book value*
 
23.25

 
21.67

 
20.00

 
19.10

 
22.08

Selected financial ratios:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average assets
 
0.93
%
 
0.60
%
 
0.68
%
 
0.91
%
 
1.05
%
Return on average assets, exclusive of merger-related expenses*
 
0.96

 
N/A

 
0.78

 
1.01

 
1.11

Return on average assets, exclusive of deferred tax adjustment*
 
N/A

 
0.71

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

Return on average equity
 
8.78

 
5.58

 
6.69

 
9.84

 
9.94

Return on average equity, exclusive of merger-related expenses*
 
8.99

 
N/A

 
7.64

 
11.00

 
10.45

Return on average equity, exclusive of deferred tax adjustment*
 
N/A

 
6.54

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

Return on average tangible equity*
 
11.86

 
8.00

 
10.13

 
14.29

 
10.61

Dividend payout ratio
 
31.45

 
43.23

 
35.96

 
24.79

 
26.36

Total equity to total assets
 
10.85

 
10.59

 
9.92

 
9.94

 
10.71

Tangible equity to tangible assets net of deferred tax on intangibles*
 
8.80

 
8.44

 
7.62

 
7.51

 
10.29

Tier 1 capital to average assets*
 
9.73

 
9.48

 
8.75

 
8.34

 
10.85

Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets*
 
11.18

 
10.96

 
10.73

 
10.63

 
13.47

Net interest margin*
 
3.62

 
3.83

 
3.80

 
3.71

 
3.53

Efficiency ratio*
 
62.05

 
58.64

 
66.43

 
61.36

 
58.71

Gross revenue of loan pools to total gross revenue
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
0.72

 
2.16

Allowance for bank loan losses to total bank loans
 
1.22

 
1.23

 
1.01

 
0.90

 
1.44

Allowance for loan pool losses to total loan pools
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
9.94

Non-performing loans to total loans(1)
 
1.07

 
1.08

 
1.32

 
0.55

 
1.15

Net loans charged off to average loans
 
0.26

 
0.51

 
0.26

 
0.11

 
0.09

* - Non-GAAP measure. See pages 33 - 35 for a detailed explanation.
 
 
 
 
(1) The “Non-performing loans to total loans” line for 2017, 2016, and 2015 has been adjusted to include troubled debt restructure loans that were previously considered “non-disclosed” of $945,000, $65,000, and $315,000, respectively. Thus, the ratios reported in the table above have changed for those periods from what was previously reported. There was no change to the ratio for 2014

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Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Selected balance sheet data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
 
$
3,291,480

 
$
3,212,271

 
$
3,079,575

 
$
2,979,975

 
$
1,800,302

Total loans net of purchase accounting and unearned discounts
 
2,369,472

 
2,286,695

 
2,165,143

 
2,151,942

 
1,132,519

Allowance for loan losses
 
29,307

 
28,059

 
21,850

 
19,427

 
16,363

Loan pool participations, net
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
19,332

Total deposits
 
2,612,929

 
2,605,319

 
2,480,448

 
2,463,521

 
1,408,542

Federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements
 
131,422

 
97,229

 
117,871

 
68,963

 
78,229

Federal Home Loan Bank advances
 
136,000

 
115,000

 
115,000

 
87,000

 
93,000

Junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts
 
23,888

 
23,793

 
23,692

 
23,587

 
15,464

Long-term debt
 
7,500

 
12,500

 
17,500

 
22,500

 
—

Total equity
 
357,067

 
340,304

 
305,456

 
296,178

 
192,731

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-GAAP Presentations:
Certain ratios and amounts not in conformity with GAAP are provided to evaluate and measure the Company’s operating performance and financial condition, including return on average tangible equity, net tangible book value, tangible equity to tangible assets net of deferred tax on intangibles, Tier 1 capital to average assets, Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, efficiency ratio, net interest margin, earnings per diluted share - exclusive of merger-related expenses, earnings per diluted share - exclusive of deferred tax adjustment, return on average assets - exclusive of merger-related expenses, return on average assets - exclusive of deferred tax adjustment, return on average equity - exclusive of merger-related expenses, and return on average equity - exclusive of deferred tax adjustment, as further discussed under Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Management believes these ratios and amounts provide investors with information regarding the Company’s balance sheet, profitability, financial condition and capital adequacy and how management evaluates such metrics internally, and that providing certain metrics exclusive on merger-related expenses and the deferred tax adjustment, which were either one-time or non-recurring items, enhances comparability between periods. The following tables provide a reconciliation of each non-GAAP measure to the most comparable GAAP equivalent.
 
 
 
For the Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average Tangible Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average total equity
 
$
345,734

 
$
334,966

 
$
304,670

 
$
255,307

 
$
186,375

Plus:
Average deferred tax liability associated with intangibles
 
929

 
2,436

 
3,909

 
5,354

 
—

Less:
Average goodwill and intangibles, net
 
(75,531
)
 
(78,159
)
 
(81,727
)
 
(69,975
)
 
(8,477
)
Average tangible equity
 
$
271,132

 
$
259,243

 
$
226,852

 
$
190,686

 
$
177,898

Net Income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
30,351

 
$
18,699

 
$
20,391

 
$
25,118

 
$
18,522

Plus:
Intangible amortization, net of tax(1)
 
1,814

 
2,031

 
2,581

 
2,126

 
356

Adjusted net income
 
$
32,165

 
$
20,730

 
$
22,972

 
$
27,244

 
$
18,878

Return on Average Tangible Equity
 
11.86
%
 
8.00
%
 
10.13
%
 
14.29
%
 
10.61
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) Computed on a tax-equivalent basis, assuming a federal income tax rate of 21% for 2018 and 35% for 2017, 2016, 2015, and 2014.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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For the Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tangible Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total equity
 
$
357,067

 
$
340,304

 
$
305,456

 
$
296,179

 
$
192,731

Plus:
Deferred tax liability associated with intangibles
 
660

 
1,241

 
3,068

 
5,366

 
—

Less:
Goodwill and intangibles, net
 
(74,529
)
 
(76,700
)
 
(79,825
)
 
(83,689
)
 
(8,259
)
Tangible common equity
 
$
283,198

 
$
264,845

 
$
228,699

 
$
217,856

 
$
184,472

Tangible Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
 
$
3,291,480

 
$
3,212,271

 
$
3,079,575

 
$
2,979,975

 
$
1,800,302

Plus:
Deferred tax liability associated with intangibles
 
660

 
1,241

 
3,068

 
5,366

 
—

Less:
Goodwill and intangibles, net
 
(74,529
)
 
(76,700
)
 
(79,825
)
 
(83,689
)
 
(8,259
)
Tangible Assets
 
$
3,217,611

 
$
3,136,812

 
$
3,002,818

 
$
2,901,652

 
$
1,792,043

Common shares outstanding
 
12,180,015

 
12,219,611

 
11,436,360

 
11,408,773

 
8,355,666

Net Tangible Book Value Per Share
 
$
23.25

 
$
21.67

 
$
20.00

 
$
19.10

 
$
22.08

Tangible Equity to Tangible Assets, Net of Deferred Tax on Intangibles
 
8.80
%
 
8.44
%
 
7.62
%
 
7.51
%
 
10.29
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 Capital
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total equity
 
$
357,067

 
$
340,304

 
$
305,456

 
$
296,179

 
$
192,731

Plus:
Long term debt (qualifying restricted core capital)
 
23,888

 
23,793

 
23,666

 
23,587

 
15,464

Less:
Net unrealized gains on securities available for sale, net of tax
 
5,661

 
2,602

 
1,133

 
(3,408
)
 
(5,322
)
 
Disallowed goodwill and intangibles
 
(73,869
)
 
(73,340
)
 
(71,951
)
 
(72,203
)
 
(8,511
)
Tier 1 capital
 
$
312,747

 
$
293,359

 
$
258,304

 
$
244,155

 
$
194,362

Average Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Quarterly average assets
 
$
3,287,147

 
$
3,169,081

 
$
3,022,919

 
$
3,000,284

 
$
1,799,666

Less:
Disallowed goodwill and intangibles
 
(73,869
)
 
(73,340
)
 
(71,951
)
 
(72,203
)
 
(8,511
)
Average assets
 
$
3,213,278

 
$
3,095,741

 
$
2,950,968

 
$
2,928,081

 
$
1,791,155

Tier 1 Capital to Average Assets
 
9.73
%
 
9.48
%
 
8.75
%
 
8.34
%
 
10.85
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk-weighted assets
 
$
2,797,804

 
$
2,677,721

 
$
2,407,661

 
$
2,296,478

 
$
1,442,585

Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets
 
11.18
%
 
10.96
%
 
10.73
%
 
10.63
%
 
13.47
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating Expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total noninterest expense
 
$
83,503

 
$
80,136

 
$
87,806

 
$
73,176

 
$
43,413

Less:
Amortization of intangibles
 
(2,296
)
 
(3,125
)
 
(3,970
)
 
(3,271
)
 
(547
)
Operating expense
 
$
81,207

 
$
77,011

 
$
83,836

 
$
69,905

 
$
42,866

Operating Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tax-equivalent net interest income(1)
 
$
108,538

 
$
109,202

 
$
104,321

 
$
94,243

 
$
58,890

Plus:
Noninterest income
 
22,788

 
22,370

 
23,434

 
21,193

 
15,313

Less:
Gain on sale or call of available for sale securities
 
197

 
188

 
464

 
1,011

 
1,227

 
Gain (loss) on sale or call of held to maturity securities
 
(4
)
 
53

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
Gain (loss) on sale of premises and equipment
 
20

 
2

 
(44
)
 
(29
)
 
(1
)
 
Other gain (loss)
 
242

 
11

 
1,133

 
527

 
(37
)
Operating Revenue
 
$
130,871

 
$
131,318

 
$
126,202

 
$
113,927

 
$
73,014

Efficiency Ratio
 
62.05
%
 
58.64
%
 
66.43
%
 
61.36
%
 
58.71
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) Computed on a tax-equivalent basis, assuming a federal income tax rate of 21% for 2018 and 35% for 2017, 2016, 2015, and 2014.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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For the Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Interest Margin Tax Equivalent Adjustment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income
 
$
105,983

 
$
104,175

 
$
99,606

 
$
90,052

 
$
54,853

Plus tax equivalent adjustment:(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans
 
1,040

 
1,730

 
1,692

 
1,293

 
1,157

 
Securities
 
1,515

 
3,297

 
3,023

 
2,898

 
2,880

Tax equivalent net interest income(1)
 
$
108,538

 
$
109,202

 
$
104,321

 
$
94,243

 
$
58,890

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average interest-earning assets
 
$
2,996,809

 
$
2,853,830

 
$
2,747,493

 
$
2,541,681

 
$
1,669,130

Net Interest Margin
 
3.62
%
 
3.83
%
 
3.80
%
 
3.71
%
 
3.53
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Income
 
$
30,351

 
$
18,699

 
$
20,391

 
$
25,118

 
$
18,522

Plus:
Merger-related expenses
 
797

 
—

 
4,568

 
3,512

 
1,061

 
Deferred tax adjustment(2)
 
—

 
3,212

 
—

 
—

 
—

Less:
Net tax effect of merger-related expenses(3)
 
(56
)
 
—

 
(1,682
)
 
(539
)
 
(111
)
Net income, exclusive of merger-related expenses and deferred tax adjustment
 
$
31,092

 
$
21,911

 
$
23,277

 
$
28,091

 
$
19,472

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average Assets
 
$
3,249,718

 
$
3,097,496

 
$
2,993,875

 
$
2,773,095

 
$
1,760,776

Average Equity
 
$
345,734

 
$
334,966

 
$
304,670

 
$
255,307

 
$
186,375

Diluted average number of shares
 
12,237,153

 
12,062,577

 
11,456,324

 
10,391,323

 
8,433,296

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on Average Assets
 
0.93
%
 
0.60
%
 
0.68
%
 
0.91
%
 
1.05
%
Return on Average Assets, Exclusive of Merger-related Expenses
 
0.96
%
 
N/A

 
0.78
%
 
1.01
%
 
1.11
%
Return on Average Assets, Exclusive of Deferred Tax Adjustment
 
N/A

 
0.71
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

Return on Average Equity
 
8.78
%
 
5.58
%
 
6.69
%
 
9.84
%
 
9.94
%
Return on Average Equity, Exclusive of Merger-related Expenses
 
8.99
%
 
N/A

 
7.64
%
 
11.00
%
 
10.45
%
Return on Average Equity, Exclusive of Deferred Tax Adjustment
 
N/A

 
6.54
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

Earnings Per Common Share-Diluted
 
$
2.48

 
$
1.55

 
$
1.78

 
$
2.42

 
$
2.19

Earnings Per Common Share-Diluted, Exclusive of Merger-related Expenses
 
$
2.54

 
N/A

 
$
2.03

 
$
2.70

 
$
2.31

Earnings Per Common Share-Diluted, Exclusive of Deferred Tax Adjustment
 
N/A

 
$
1.82

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
(1) Computed on a tax-equivalent basis, assuming a federal income tax rate of 21% for 2018 and 35% for 2017, 2016, 2015, and 2014.
(2) Reflective of the adjustment of deferred taxes related to the change of corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective December 22, 2017.
(3) Computed assuming a combined state and federal tax rate of 26% on eligible tax-deductible expenses for 2018, and 38% for 2016, 2015, and 2014.

ITEM 7.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
This section should be read in conjunction with the following parts of this Form 10-K: Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” Part II, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” and Part I, Item 1 “Business.”
Overview
We are the holding company for MidWestOne Bank, an Iowa state non-member bank with its main office in Iowa City, Iowa. We are headquartered in Iowa City, Iowa, and are a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, that has elected to be a financial holding company. We also are the holding company for MidWestOne Insurance Services, Inc., which operates an insurance business through three agencies located in central and east-central Iowa.
The Bank operates a total of 45 banking offices in Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Florida, and Colorado. It provides full service retail banking in the communities in which its branch offices are located and also offers trust and investment management services.

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Table of Contents

On August 21, 2018, we entered into a merger agreement with ATBancorp, an Iowa corporation, pursuant to which ATBancorp will merge with and into the Company. In connection with the merger, American Trust & Savings Bank, an Iowa state chartered bank and wholly owned subsidiary of ATBancorp, and American Bank & Trust Wisconsin, a Wisconsin state chartered bank and wholly owned subsidiary of ATBancorp, will merge with and into the Bank, which will continue as the surviving bank. The merger agreement also provides that each of the outstanding shares of ATBancorp common stock will be converted into the right of ATBancorp shareholders to receive 117.55 shares of Company common stock and $992.51 in cash. The corporate headquarters of the combined company will be in Iowa City, Iowa. The merger will add approximately $1.3 billion in assets to the Company along with 17 branch locations. The merger is anticipated to be completed in the second quarter of 2019. For further information, please refer to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on August 22, 2018.
Net income for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $30.4 million, an increase of $11.7 million, or 62.3%, compared to $18.7 million of net income for 2017, with diluted earnings per share of $2.48 and $1.55 for the comparative twelve month periods, respectively. The increase in net income was due primarily to the provision for loans losses decreasing by $10.0 million in 2018 compared to 2017. The higher provision for loan losses in 2017 was related to a $7.3 million credit impairment in 2017 related to a loan made to a commercial borrower. Net interest income increased $1.8 million, or 1.7%, and noninterest income increased $0.4 million, or 1.9%, between 2017 and 2018. These increases were partially offset by a $3.4 million, or 4.2%, an increase in noninterest expense with all expense line items except amortization of intangible assets showing an increase between 2017 and 2018. The Company also realized a $2.8 million decrease in income tax expense due primarily to the decrease in the federal corporate tax rate from 35% in 2017 to 21% in 2018, in accordance with the Tax Act.
Total assets increased to $3.29 billion at December 31, 2018 from $3.21 billion at December 31, 2017. Total deposits at December 31, 2018, were $2.61 billion, an increase of $7.6 million, or 0.3%, from December 31, 2017. The mix of deposits saw increases between December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018 of $21.8 million, or 3.1%, in certificates of deposit and $11.6 million, or 0.9%, in NOW and money market accounts. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in non-interest bearing demand deposits of $22.8 million, or 4.9%, and a decrease of $3.0 million, or 1.4%, in savings deposits, between December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018. Total loans (excluding loans held for sale) increased $112.1 million, or 4.9%, from $2.29 billion at December 31, 2017, to $2.40 billion at December 31, 2018. The increase was primarily concentrated in construction and development, commercial real estate-other, and commercial and industrial loans.
Net interest income for the year ended December 31, 2018, was $106.0 million, up $1.8 million, or 1.7%, from $104.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, primarily due to an increase of $9.5 million, or 8.0%, in interest income. Loan interest income increased $8.8 million, or 8.6%, to $111.2 million for the year 2018 compared to the year 2017, primarily due to an increase in average loan balances of $153.0 million, or 6.9%, between the two periods. Loan interest income was also impacted by a decrease in the merger-related discount accretion to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $4.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. Interest expense was $22.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, an increase of $7.7 million, or 50.8%, compared to the year of 2017. Interest expense on deposits increased $5.8 million, or 50.8%, to $17.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $11.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. We posted a net interest margin of 3.62% for the year 2018, down 21 basis points from the net interest margin of 3.83% for the same period in 2017. An increase in both the cost and volume of deposits and borrowed funds was the primary driver of the decreased margin.
For the year ended December 31, 2018, noninterest income increased to $22.8 million, an increase of $0.4 million, or 1.9%, from $22.4 million during 2017. This increase was primarily due to general improvement in all areas of noninterest income with the exception of service charges and fees on deposit accounts, which decreased by $0.5 million, or 9.3%, due to generally lower account and non-sufficient funds fees, and gain on sale or call of debt securities, which decreased as well. Other gains saw an increase of $0.2 million, due primarily to gains on the sale of foreclosed assets. Other service charges and fees increased $0.2 million, or 3.7%, mainly due to increased electronic transaction processing fees, while bank-owned life insurance income also rose by $0.2 million, or 16.0%. Loan origination and servicing fees increased $0.2 million, or 5.9%, primarily due to increase loan sale premiums on SBA loans.
Noninterest expense increased to $83.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared with $80.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $3.4 million, or 4.2%. All categories of noninterest expense except amortization of intangible assets showed an increase between 2017 and 2018. The increase was primarily due to salaries and employee benefits, which increased by $1.9 million, or 4.0%, due mainly to normal salary and benefit cost adjustments. Net occupancy and equipment expense increased $0.7 million, or 5.9%, primarily due to increased software licensing expenses. Professional fees increased $0.7 million, or 17.1%, reflecting $0.7 million of expenses related to the merger with ATBancorp. Data processing expense rose $0.3 million, or 10.4%, primarily due to increased core data processing expenses. Amortization of intangible assets declined by $0.8 million, or 26.5%, due to changes in scheduled amortization costs.

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Table of Contents

Nonperforming loans increased from $24.8 million, or 1.08% of total loans, at December 31, 2017, to $25.6 million, or 1.07% of total loans, at December 31, 2018. The increase was due primarily to a higher level of nonaccrual loans. As of December 31, 2018, the allowance for loan losses was $29.3 million, or 1.22% of total loans, compared with $28.1 million, or 1.23% of total loans at December 31, 2017. The allowance for loan losses represented 114.60% of nonperforming loans at December 31, 2018, compared with 113.11% of nonperforming loans at December 31, 2017. The Company had net loan charge-offs of $6.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2018, or an annualized 0.26% of average loans outstanding, compared to net charge-offs of $11.1 million, or an annualized 0.51% of average loans outstanding for the same period of 2017.
The Company’s capital position improved in 2018 with our equity to assets ratio of 10.85% at December 31, 2018 compared to 10.59% at December 31, 2017, and our tangible equity to tangible assets ratio of 8.80% at December 31, 2018 compared to 8.44% at December 31, 2017. Our regulatory capital levels remain well above the minimums established to be considered well-capitalized.

Critical Accounting Policies
We have identified the following critical accounting policies and practices relative to the reporting of our results of operations and financial condition. These accounting policies relate to the allowance for loan losses, application of purchase accounting, goodwill and intangible assets, and fair value of available for sale investment securities.
Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is an accounting estimate of incurred credit losses in our loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings. On a quarterly basis, management reviews the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. That review incorporates a variety of credit risk considerations, both quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative factors include the loss experience over a historical base period. Management then considers the effects of the following qualitative factors to ensure our allowance for loan losses reflects the inherent losses in the loan portfolio:
•
Economic and business conditions;
•
Concentration of credit;
•
Lending management and staff;
•
Lending policies and procedures;
•
Collateral type and trends in value;
•
Nature and volume of the portfolio;
•
Trends in problem loans, loan delinquencies and nonaccrual loans;
•
Quality of internal loan review; and
•
External factors
These qualitative factors have a high degree of subjectivity and changes in any of the factors could have a significant impact on our calculation of the allowance for loan losses. In the event that our evaluation of the level of the allowance for loan losses indicates that it is inadequate, we would need to increase our provision for loan losses. We believed the allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2018, was adequate to absorb probable credit losses on existing loans held for investment.
Accounting for Business Combinations

In May 2015, we completed the acquisition of Central, which generated significant amounts of fair value adjustments to assets and liabilities. The fair value adjustments assigned to assets and liabilities, as well as their related useful lives, are subject to judgment and estimation by our management. Valuation of intangible assets is generally based on the estimated cash flows related to those assets, while the initial value assigned to goodwill is the residual of the purchase price over the fair value of all identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Useful lives are determined based on the expected future period of the benefit of the asset or liability, the assessment of which considers various characteristics of the asset or liability, including the historical cash flows. Due to the number of estimates involved, we have identified accounting for business combinations as a critical accounting policy.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and intangible assets arise from business combinations. Goodwill represented $64.7 million of our $3.29 billion in total assets at December 31, 2018. The goodwill was assigned to the Bank. Under the Intangibles - Goodwill and Other topic of the FASB ASC, goodwill is not amortized but rather is tested at least annually for impairment at the reporting unit level; the

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Table of Contents

Company consists of a single reporting unit. We review goodwill for impairment annually, during the fourth quarter, and also test for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of our reporting unit below its carrying amount. Such events and circumstances may include among others: a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the general business climate; significant decline in our stock price and market capitalization; unanticipated competition; the testing for recoverability of a significant asset group within the reporting unit; and an adverse action or assessment by a regulator. Any adverse change in these factors could have a significant impact on the recoverability of goodwill and could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
During the fourth quarter, banking sector stock prices, including ours, experienced significant declines. As a result, in addition to the annual goodwill impairment test, we conducted an interim impairment test at December 31, 2018. Based on the results of both the annual and interim goodwill impairment tests, we determined that no goodwill impairment charges were required as our single reporting unit’s fair valued exceeded its carrying amount.
Other intangible assets represented $9.9 million of our $3.29 billion in total assets at December 31, 2018. The accounting for a recognized intangible asset is based on its useful life to the Company. An intangible asset with a finite useful life is amortized over its estimated useful life to the Company; an intangible asset with an indefinite useful life is not amortized but rather is tested at least annually for impairment. The intangible assets with finite lives reflected on our financial statements relate to core deposit relationships, insurance agency, trade name, and customer lists. The initial and subsequent measurements of intangible assets involve the use of significant estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions include, among other things, the estimated cost to service deposits acquired, discount rates, estimated attrition rates and useful lives, future economic and market conditions, comparison of our market value to book value and determination of appropriate market comparables. Actual future results may differ from those estimates. Periodically we evaluate the estimated useful lives of intangible assets and whether events or changes in circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining periods of amortization. We also assess these intangible assets for impairment annually or more often if conditions indicate a possible impairment. If the asset is considered to be impaired, the amount of any impairment is measured as the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the impaired asset. See Note 6. “Goodwill and Intangible Assets” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our intangible assets.
Fair Value of Available for Sale Securities

Securities available for sale are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of deferred income taxes. Declines in fair value of individual securities, below their amortized cost, are evaluated by management to determine whether the decline is temporary or other-than-temporary. Declines in the fair value of available for sale securities below their cost that are deemed other-than-temporary are reflected in earnings as impairment losses. In determining whether other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) exists, management considers whether: (1) we have the intent to sell the security, (2) it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of the amortized cost basis, and (3) we do not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security. When we determine that OTTI has occurred, the amount of the OTTI recognized in earnings depends on whether we intend to sell the security or whether it is more likely than not we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If we intend to sell, or it is more likely than not we will be required to sell, the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the OTTI recognized in earnings is equal to the entire difference between the investment’s amortized cost basis and its fair value at the balance sheet date. If we do not intend to sell the security, and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the OTTI is separated into the amount representing the credit loss and the amount related to all other factors. The amount of the total OTTI related to the credit loss is determined based on the present value of cash flows expected to be collected, using the original yield as the discount rate, and is recognized in earnings. The amount of the total OTTI related to other factors is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable taxes. The previous amortized cost basis less the OTTI recognized in earnings becomes the new amortized cost basis of the investment. The assessment of whether an OTTI exists involves a high degree of subjectivity and judgment and is based on the information available to management at the time.

Results of Operations - Three-Year Period Ended December 31, 2018

Summary

Our consolidated net income for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $30.4 million, an increase of $11.7 million, or 62.3%, compared to $18.7 million for 2017, with diluted earnings per share of $2.48 and $1.55 for the comparative twelve month periods, respectively. The increase in net income was due primarily to the provision for loans losses decreasing $10.0 million in 2018 compared to 2017, due primarily to a large credit impairment in 2017 related to a loan made to one commercial borrower, which did not recur in 2018. Net interest income increased $1.8 million, or 1.7%, primarily due to an increase of $9.5 million, or

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8.0%, in interest income, partially offset by an increase of $7.7 million, or 50.8%, in interest expense, to $22.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $15.1 million for the year of 2017. Noninterest income increased $0.4 million, or 1.9% between 2017 and 2018, primarily due to general improvement in all areas of noninterest income with the exception of service charges and fees on deposit accounts, which decreased $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to the same period in 2017, and gain on sale or call of debt securities, which also decreased. Also, the Company realized a $2.8 million decrease in income tax expense in 2018 compared to 2017 due primarily to a decrease in the federal corporate statutory rate from 35% in 2017 to 21% in 2018. These improvements were partially offset by a $3.4 million, or 4.2%, an increase in noninterest expense driven by a $1.9 million increase in salaries and employee benefits, mainly due to an increase in salaries and employee incentive payments.
Our consolidated net income for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $18.7 million, a decrease of $1.7 million, or 8.3%, compared to $20.4 million for 2016, with diluted earnings per share of $1.55 and $1.78 for the comparative twelve month periods, respectively. The decrease in net income was due primarily to the provision for loans losses increasing $9.4 million in 2017 compared to 2016, due primarily to the previously disclosed credit impairment related to a loan made to one commercial borrower. This was partially offset by a $7.7 million, or 8.7%, decrease in noninterest expense driven by a $4.6 million decrease in merger-related expenses, mainly in data processing ($1.9 million) and salaries and employee benefits expense ($1.9 million), attributable to the merger of Central Bank into MidWestOne Bank in 2016. Net interest income increased $4.6 million, or 4.6%, primarily due to an increase of $7.0 million, or 6.2%, in interest income partially offset by an increase of $2.4 million, or 19.0%, in interest expense, to $15.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $12.7 million for the year of 2016. Noninterest income decreased $1.1 million, or 4.5% between 2016 and 2017, primarily due to the $1.1 million decrease in other gains for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to the same period in 2016. The year of 2016 included a net gain on foreclosed assets, net, of $0.6 million, a net gain on the sale of the Rice Lake and Barron, Wisconsin, and Davenport, Iowa, branch offices of $1.2 million, and the writedown of foreclosed assets, net, of $0.6 million. Also, the Company realized a $3.5 million increase in income tax expense in 2017 compared to 2016, $3.2 million of which was related to the revaluation of the Company’s deferred tax assets in accordance with the Tax Act.
We ended 2018 with an allowance for loan losses of $29.3 million, which represented 114.60% coverage of our nonperforming loans at December 31, 2018 as compared to 113.11% at December 31, 2017 and 76.59% coverage of our nonperforming loans at December 31, 2016. Nonperforming loans totaled $25.6 million as of December 31, 2018 compared with $24.8 million and $28.5 million at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the provision for loan losses decreased to $7.3 million from $17.3 million for 2017, which had increased from $8.0 million for 2016. The decreased provision for 2018 compared to 2017 primarily reflects the $7.3 million of credit impairment related to a loan made to one of the Company’s commercial borrowers in 2017. The increased provision for 2017 compared to 2016 primarily reflects the identification of $7.3 million of credit impairment in 2017 referred to above, and the increase in outstanding loan balances due to organic loan growth.
Various operating and equity ratios for the Company are presented in the table below for the years indicated. The dividend payout ratio represents the percentage of our prior year’s net income that is paid to shareholders in the form of cash dividends. Average equity to average assets is a measure of capital adequacy that presents the percentage of average total shareholders’ equity compared to our average assets. The equity to assets ratio is expressed using the period-end amounts instead of an average amount. As of December 31, 2018, under regulatory standards, the Bank had capital levels in excess of the minimums necessary to be considered “well capitalized,” which is the highest regulatory designation. 
 
 
As of and For the Years Ended December 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Return on average assets
 
0.93
%
 
0.60
%
 
0.68
%
Return on average shareholders' total equity
 
8.78

 
5.58

 
6.69

Return on average tangible equity*
 
11.86

 
8.00

 
10.13

Dividend payout ratio
 
31.45

 
43.23

 
35.96

Average equity to average assets
 
10.64

 
10.81

 
10.18

Equity to assets ratio (at period end)
 
10.85

 
10.59

 
9.92

* Non-GAAP financial measure. Please see pages 32 to 34.
Net Interest Income

Net interest income is the difference between interest income and fees earned on interest-earning assets, less interest expense incurred on interest-bearing liabilities. Interest rate levels and volume fluctuations within interest-earning assets and

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interest-bearing liabilities impact net interest income. Net interest margin is tax-equivalent net interest income as a percent of average interest-earning assets. 
Certain assets with tax favorable treatment are evaluated on a tax-equivalent basis. Tax-equivalent basis assumes a federal income tax rate of 21% for 2018 and 35% for 2017 and 2016. Tax favorable assets generally have lower contractual pre-tax yields than fully taxable assets. A tax-equivalent analysis is performed by adding the tax savings to the earnings on tax favorable assets. After factoring in the tax favorable effects of these assets, the yields may be more appropriately evaluated against alternative interest-earning assets. In addition to yield, various other risks are factored into the evaluation process.

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The following table shows the consolidated average balance sheets, detailing the major categories of assets and liabilities, the interest income earned on interest-earning assets, the interest expense paid for interest-bearing liabilities, and the related interest rates/yields for the periods shown. Average information is provided on a daily average basis.
 
Year ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
Average Balance
 
Interest Income/ Expense
 
Average Rate/Yield
 
Average Balance
 
Interest Income/ Expense
 
Average Rate/Yield
 
Average Balance
 
Interest Income/ Expense
 
Average Rate/Yield
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average interest-earning assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans (1)(2)
$
2,354,354

 
$
112,233

 
4.77
%
 
$
2,201,364

 
$
104,096

 
4.73
%
 
$
2,161,376

 
$
99,854

 
4.62
%
Investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Taxable investments
431,478

 
11,742

 
2.72

 
423,678

 
10,573

 
2.50

 
358,727

 
8,297

 
2.31

Tax exempt investments (2)
207,605

 
7,342

 
3.54

 
217,650

 
9,536

 
4.38

 
192,656

 
8,726

 
4.53

Total investment securities
639,083

 
19,084

 
2.99

 
641,328

 
20,109

 
3.14

 
551,383

 
17,023

 
3.09

Federal funds sold and interest-bearing balances
3,372

 
62

 
1.84

 
11,138

 
142

 
1.27

 
34,734

 
166

 
0.48

Total earning assets
$
2,996,809

 
$
131,379

 
4.38
%
 
$
2,853,830

 
$
124,347

 
4.36
%
 
$
2,747,493

 
$
117,043

 
4.26
%
Noninterest-earning assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
36,384

 
 
 
 
 
35,745

 
 
 
 
 
37,335

 
 
 
 
Premises and equipment
77,178

 
 
 
 
 
75,082

 
 
 
 
 
75,948

 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses
(30,533
)
 
 
 
 
 
(23,557
)
 
 
 
 
 
(20,909
)
 
 
 
 
Other assets
169,880

 
 
 
 
 
156,396

 
 
 
 
 
154,008

 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
3,249,718

 
 
 
 
 
$
3,097,496

 
 
 
 
 
$
2,993,875

 
 
 
 
Average interest-bearing liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits
$
1,429,672

 
$
6,181

 
0.43
%
 
$
1,357,554

 
$
3,863

 
0.28
%
 
$
1,282,994

 
$
3,418

 
0.27
%
Certificates of deposit
723,830

 
11,150

 
1.54

 
674,757

 
7,626

 
1.13

 
649,986

 
5,961

 
0.92

Total deposits
2,153,502

 
17,331

 
0.80

 
2,032,311

 
11,489

 
0.57

 
1,932,980

 
9,379

 
0.49

Federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements
105,094

 
1,302

 
1.24

 
87,763

 
412

 
0.47

 
74,566

 
205

 
0.27

Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings
133,814

 
2,612

 
1.95

 
110,000

 
1,838

 
1.67

 
104,954

 
1,827

 
1.74

Long-term debt and other
35,726

 
1,596

 
4.47

 
40,679

 
1,406

 
3.46

 
45,788

 
1,311

 
2.86

Total borrowed funds
274,634

 
5,510

 
2.01

 
238,442

 
3,656

 
1.53

 
225,308

 
3,343

 
1.48

Total interest-bearing liabilities
$
2,428,136

 
$
22,841

 
0.94
%
 
$
2,270,753

 
$
15,145

 
0.67
%
 
$
2,158,288

 
$
12,722

 
0.59
%
Net interest spread (2)
 
 
 
 
3.44
%
 
 
 
 
 
3.69
%
 
 
 
 
 
3.67
%
Noninterest-bearing liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Demand deposits
$
455,223

 
 
 
 
 
$
471,170

 
 
 
 
 
$
512,383

 
 
 
 
Other liabilities
20,625

 
 
 
 
 
20,607

 
 
 
 
 
18,534

 
 
 
 
Shareholders’ equity
345,734

 
 
 
 
 
334,966

 
 
 
 
 
304,670

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$
3,249,718

 
 
 
 
 
$
3,097,496

 
 
 
 
 
$
2,993,875

 
 
 
 
Interest income/earning assets (2)
$
2,996,809

 
$
131,379

 
4.38
%
 
$
2,853,830

 
$
124,347

 
4.36
%
 
$
2,747,493

 
$
117,043

 
4.26
%
Interest expense/earning assets
$
2,996,809

 
$
22,841

 
0.76
%
 
$
2,853,830

 
$
15,145

 
0.53
%
 
$
2,747,493

 
$
12,722

 
0.46
%
Net interest income/margin (2)(3)
 
 
$
108,538

 
3.62
%
 
 
 
$
109,202

 
3.83
%
 
 
 
$
104,321

 
3.80
%
Non-GAAP to GAAP Reconciliation:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tax Equivalent Adjustment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans
 
 
$
1,040

 
 
 
 
 
$
1,730

 
 
 
 
 
$
1,692

 
 
Securities
 
 
1,515

 
 
 
 
 
3,297

 
 
 
 
 
3,023

 
 
Total tax equivalent adjustment
 
 
2,555

 
 
 
 
 
5,027

 
 
 
 
 
4,715

 
 
Net Interest Income
 
 
$
105,983

 
 
 
 
 
$
104,175

 
 
 
 
 
$
99,606

 
 
 
(1)
Non-accrual loans have been included in average loans, net of unearned income. Amortized net deferred loans and net unearned discounts on acquired loans were included in the interest income calculations. The amortization of net deferred loans fees was $(407) thousand, $(543) thousand, and $(402) thousand for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. Accretion of unearned purchase discounts was $2.7 million, $4.8 million, and $3.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.
 
(2)
Computed on a tax-equivalent basis, assuming a federal income tax rate of 21% for 2018 and 35% for 2017 and 2016.
 
(3)
Net interest margin is tax-equivalent net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets.

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The following table presents the dollar amount of changes in interest income and interest expense for major components of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. It distinguishes between the difference related to changes in average outstanding balances and the increase or decrease due to the levels and volatility of interest rates. For each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities information is provided on changes attributable to (i) changes in volume (i.e. changes in volume multiplied by old rate) and (ii) changes in rate (i.e. changes in rate multiplied by old volume). For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume that cannot be segregated have been allocated proportionately to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.
 
Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016
 
Year 2018 to 2017 Change due to
 
Year 2017 to 2016 Change due to
 
Volume
 
Rate/Yield
 
Net
 
Volume
 
Rate/Yield
 
Net
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Increase (decrease) in interest income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans (tax equivalent)(1)
$
7,287

 
$
850

 
$
8,137

 
$
1,867

 
$
2,375

 
$
4,242

Investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Taxable investments
198

 
971

 
1,169

 
1,585

 
691

 
2,276

Tax exempt investments (tax equivalent)(1)
(424
)
 
(1,770
)
 
(2,194
)
 
1,103

 
(293
)
 
810

Total investment securities
(226
)
 
(799
)
 
(1,025
)
 
2,688

 
398

 
3,086

Federal funds sold and interest-bearing balances
(126
)
 
46

 
(80
)
 
(167
)
 
143

 
(24
)
Change in interest income
6,935

 
97

 
7,032

 
4,388

 
2,916

 
7,304

Increase (decrease) in interest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits
215

 
2,103

 
2,318

 
205

 
240

 
445

Certificates of deposit
588

 
2,936

 
3,524

 
235

 
1,430

 
1,665

Total deposits
803

 
5,039

 
5,842

 
440

 
1,670

 
2,110

Federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements
96

 
794

 
890

 
41

 
166

 
207

Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings
436

 
338

 
774

 
86

 
(75
)
 
11

Other long-term debt
(186
)
 
376

 
190

 
(157
)
 
252

 
95

Total borrowed funds
346

 
1,508

 
1,854

 
(30
)
 
343

 
313

Change in interest expense
1,149

 
6,547

 
7,696

 
410

 
2,013

 
2,423

Change in net interest income
$
5,786

 
$
(6,450
)
 
$
(664
)
 
$
3,978

 
$
903

 
$
4,881

Percentage increase (decrease) in net interest income over prior period
 
 
 
 
(0.6
)%
 
 
 
 
 
4.7
%
 
(1)
Computed on a tax-equivalent basis, assuming a federal income tax rate of 21% for 2018 and 35% for 2017 and 2016.

Earning Assets, Sources of Funds, and Net Interest Margin
Average earning assets were $3.00 billion in 2018, an increase of $143.0 million, or 5.0%, from $2.85 billion in 2017. The growth in the average balance of earning assets in 2018 compared to 2017 was due primarily to an increase in average loans outstanding of $153.0 million, or 6.9%. Average earning assets in 2017 increased by $106.3 million, or 3.9%, from 2016. The growth in the average balance of earning assets in 2017 compared to 2016 was due primarily to an increase in average investment securities outstanding of $89.9 million, or 16.3%, primarily due to the rate of growth in average deposits exceeding the increase in average loans, which rose $40.0 million, or 1.9%, in 2017 compared to 2016.
Interest-bearing liabilities averaged $2.43 billion for the year ended December 31, 2018, an increase of $157.4 million, or 6.9%, from the average balance for the year ended December 31, 2017. An increase in average deposits of $121.2 million during 2018 compared to 2017, mainly due to an increased focus on deposit gathering, accounted for the majority of the increase in average interest-bearing liabilities. Average borrowed funds increased $36.2 million during 2018 compared to 2017, primarily due to a $17.3 million, or 19.7%, increase in the average balance of federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements, and a $23.8 million, or 21.6%, increase in the average balance of FHLB borrowings for 2018 compared to 2017. These increases in average borrowed funds were partially offset by a $5.0 million, or 12.2%, decrease in the average balance of long-term debt and junior subordinated notes, primarily due to normal amortization of long-term debt.
Interest-bearing liabilities averaged $2.27 billion for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $112.5 million, or 5.2%, from the average balance for the year ended December 31, 2016. An increase in average deposits of $99.3 million during 2017 compared to 2016, mainly due to an increased focus on deposit gathering, accounted for the majority of the increase in average interest-bearing liabilities. Average borrowed funds increased $13.1 million during 2017 compared to 2016, primarily due to a $13.2 million, or 17.7%, increase in the average balance of federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements, and a

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$5.0 million, or 4.8%, increase in the average balance of FHLB borrowings for 2017 compared to 2016. These increases in average borrowed funds were partially offset by a $5.1 million, or 11.2%, decrease in the average balance of long-term debt and junior subordinated notes, primarily due to normal amortization of long-term debt.
Interest income, on a tax-equivalent basis, increased $7.0 million, or 5.7%, to $131.4 million in 2018 from $124.3 million in 2017. Tax equivalent interest income increased $7.3 million, or 6.2%, to $124.3 million in 2017 from $117.0 million in 2016. The higher interest income in 2018 compared to 2017 was due primarily to the increase in the volume of loans due to new originations, the increased interest rate on loans, and the inclusion of $2.7 million of merger-related loan discount accretion in 2018. This increase was partially offset by a $1.0 million decrease in interest income on investment securities, due primarily to a 15 basis point decrease in the average rate earned. In 2017, interest income increased compared to 2016 due primarily to the increase in the volume of loans due to new originations, the increased interest rate on loans and the inclusion in loan interest income of $4.8 million of merger-related loan discount accretion in 2017, compared to loan discount accretion of $3.2 million in 2016, which increased interest income, and by an increase in the volume of investment securities. Our yield on average earning assets was 4.38% in 2018 compared to 4.36% in 2017 and 4.26% in 2016. The increase in interest income in 2018 compared to 2017, as well as 2017 compared to 2016, was due primarily to an increased volume of interest earning assets.
Interest expense increased during 2018 by $7.7 million, or 50.8%, to $22.8 million from $15.1 million in 2017. Interest expense in 2017 increased by $2.4 million, or 19.0%, from 2016. The increase in interest expense during 2018 compared to 2017 was primarily due to a 23 basis point increase in the cost of deposits, mainly due to increased market interest rates. The increase in interest expense during 2017 compared to 2016 was primarily due to no merger-related premium amortization on certificate of deposits in 2017 compared to $0.9 million in 2016, which served to decrease deposit interest expense in 2016, combined with a higher average balance of and higher interest rates on interest-bearing deposits. The average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities was 0.94% in 2018 compared to 0.67% in 2017 and 0.59% in 2016. We expect interest rates on deposits to continue to rise due to market competition for deposits. Net interest income, on a tax-equivalent basis, decreased 0.6% in 2018 to $108.5 million from $109.2 million in 2017. Tax-equivalent net interest income in 2017 increased by $4.9 million, or 4.7%, from 2016. The net interest margin, which is our net interest income expressed as a percentage of average interest-earning assets stated on a tax-equivalent basis, was lower at 3.62% for 2018 compared to 3.83% in 2017 and 3.80% in 2016. The net interest spread, also on a tax-equivalent basis, was 3.44% in 2018 compared to 3.69% in 2017 and 3.67% in 2016. 
Net interest income on a tax-equivalent basis decreased in 2018 as compared to 2017 due primarily to the increase in interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities, mainly due to increased interest rates, partially offset by the increase in interest earned on interest-earning assets, mainly due to increased average balances. Interest income in 2017 included $4.8 million of merger-related discount accretion income for loans, while 2016 included $3.2 million of merger-related discount accretion income for loans. The increased net interest income on a tax-equivalent basis for 2017 as compared to 2016 was due primarily to the increase in interest earned on interest-earning assets, due to increased average balances and rates on interest-earning assets, partially offset by the increase in interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities, mainly due to increased rates. The increased interest income in 2017 included $4.8 million of merger-related discount accretion income for loans, and did not include any merger-related amortization of the purchase accounting premium on certificates of deposit. The average balance sheets reflect a competitive marketplace on both interest-earning assets and interest-bearing deposits. The competition for loans in the marketplace and the overall rising interest rate environment has allowed new loan rates to increase somewhat, while interest rates paid on deposit products have increased at a somewhat faster pace, a condition which we expect to continue in the future.
Provision for Loan Losses
The provision for loan losses is a current charge against income and represents an amount which management believes is sufficient to maintain an adequate allowance for probable loan credit losses. In assessing the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, management considers the size, composition, and quality of the loan portfolio measured against prevailing economic conditions, regulatory guidelines, historical loan loss experience and credit quality of the portfolio. When a determination is made by management to write-off a loan balance, such write-off is charged against the allowance for loan losses. 
Our provision for loan losses was $7.3 million during 2018 compared to $17.3 million in 2017 and $8.0 million in 2016. The decreased provision from 2017 to 2018, as well as the increased provision from 2016 to 2017, reflects the $7.3 million of credit impairment related to a loan made to one of the Company’s commercial borrowers in 2017. The level of provision expense during 2016, 2017, and 2018 was reflective of management’s assessment of the then-current risk in the loan portfolio as compared to the allowance for loan losses. See further discussion of the nonperforming loans, under the section Nonperforming Assets.

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Noninterest Income
The following table sets forth the various categories of noninterest income for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016.
 
For the Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
$ Change
 
% Change
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trust, investment, and insurance fees
$
6,237

 
$
6,189

 
$
48

 
0.8
 %
 
$
6,189

 
$
5,574

 
$
615

 
11.0
 %
Service charges and fees on deposit accounts
4,649

 
5,126

 
(477
)
 
(9.3
)
 
5,126

 
5,219

 
(93
)
 
(1.8
)
Loan origination and servicing fees
3,622

 
3,421

 
201

 
5.9

 
3,421

 
3,771

 
(350
)
 
(9.3
)
Other service charges and fees
6,215

 
5,992

 
223

 
3.7

 
5,992

 
5,951

 
41

 
0.7

Bank-owned life insurance income
1,610

 
1,388

 
222

 
16.0

 
1,388

 
1,366

 
22

 
1.6

Gain on sale or call of debt securities
193

 
241

 
(48
)
 
(19.9
)
 
241

 
464

 
(223
)
 
(48.1
)
Other gain
262

 
13

 
249

 
NM      
 
13

 
1,089

 
(1,076
)
 
(98.8
)
Total noninterest income
$
22,788

 
$
22,370

 
$
418

 
1.9
 %
 
$
22,370

 
$
23,434

 
$
(1,064
)
 
(4.5
)%
NM - Percentage change not considered meaningful.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Total noninterest income for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $22.8 million, an increase of $0.4 million, or 1.9%, from $22.4 million during the same period of 2017. This increase was primarily due to general improvement in all areas of noninterest income with the exception of service charges and fees on deposit accounts, which decreased due to generally lower account and non-sufficient funds fees, as well as gain on sale or call of debt securities, which also decreased..
Total noninterest income for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $22.4 million, a decrease of $1.1 million, or 4.5%, from $23.4 million during the same period of 2016. This decline was primarily due to the $1.1 million decrease in other gains for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to the same period in 2016. The year of 2016 included a net gain on foreclosed assets, net, of $0.6 million, a net gain on the sale of the Rice Lake and Barron, Wisconsin, and Davenport, Iowa, branch offices of $1.4 million, and the writedown of foreclosed assets, net, of $0.6 million. Loan origination and servicing fees decreased $0.4 million, or 9.3%, between the comparative periods, and gains on the sale of available for sale securities decreased $0.2 million between the comparative 2016 and 2017 periods. These decreases were partially offset by an increase of $0.6 million, or 11.0%, in trust, investment, and insurance fees to $6.2 million for the year of 2017 compared with $5.6 million for the same period in 2016 due to the hiring of additional business development officers, growth in equity markets, and an increase in overall sales volume.
Noninterest Expense
The following table sets forth the various categories of noninterest expense for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016.
 
For the Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
$ Change
 
% Change
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salaries and employee benefits
$
49,758

 
$
47,864

 
$
1,894

 
4.0
 %
 
$
47,864

 
$
49,621

 
$
(1,757
)
 
(3.5
)%
Net occupancy and equipment expense
13,037

 
12,305

 
732

 
5.9

 
12,305

 
13,066

 
(761
)
 
(5.8
)
Professional fees
4,641

 
3,962

 
679

 
17.1

 
3,962

 
4,216

 
(254
)
 
(6.0
)
Data processing expense
2,951

 
2,674

 
277

 
10.4

 
2,674

 
4,940

 
(2,266
)
 
(45.9
)
FDIC insurance expense
1,533

 
1,265

 
268

 
21.2

 
1,265

 
1,563

 
(298
)
 
(19.1
)
Amortization of intangible assets
2,296

 
3,125

 
(829
)
 
(26.5
)
 
3,125

 
3,970

 
(845
)
 
(21.3
)
Other operating expense
9,287

 
8,941

 
346

 
3.9

 
8,941

 
10,430

 
(1,489
)
 
(14.3
)
Total noninterest expense
$
83,503

 
$
80,136

 
$
3,367

 
4.2
 %
 
$
80,136

 
$
87,806

 
$
(7,670
)
 
(8.7
)%
Noninterest expense increased to $83.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared with $80.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $3.4 million, or 4.2%, with all expense line items except amortization of intangible assets showing an increase between 2017 and 2018. The increase was primarily due to salaries and employee benefits, which increased mainly due to normal salary and benefit cost adjustments. Net occupancy and equipment expense increased primarily due to increased software licensing expenses. Professional fees increased in 2018 as well, reflecting $0.7 million of

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expenses related to the merger with ATBancorp. Data processing expense rose primarily due to increased core data processing expenses. Amortization of intangible assets declined due to changes in scheduled amortization costs.
In 2017, noninterest expense decreased to $80.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared with $87.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $7.7 million, or 8.7%, with all expense line items showing a decrease between 2016 and 2017. The decrease was primarily due to the absence of merger-related expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $4.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 relating to the merger of Central Bank into the Bank. Data processing expense declined $2.3 million, or 45.9%, for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to the year ended December 31, 2016, primarily due to the inclusion in 2016 of $1.9 million in contract termination expense in connection with the bank merger. Salaries and employee benefits decreased $1.8 million, or 3.5%, from $49.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, to $47.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. This decrease was primarily due to $1.9 million of merger-related salaries and employee benefits expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016. Other operating expenses decreased $1.5 million, or 14.3%, from $10.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, to $8.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, primarily due to lower customer fraud losses and deposit account charge-offs.
Full-time equivalent employee levels were 597, 610 and 587 at December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Income Tax Expense
Our effective tax rate, or income taxes divided by income before taxes, was 20.1% for 2018 compared with 35.7% for 2017. Income tax expense decreased by $2.8 million to $7.6 million in 2018 compared to tax expense of $10.4 million for 2017 The lower effective tax rate in 2018, as well as the increase in tax expense in 2017, was due primarily to the $3.2 million impact of the Tax Act in 2017. The Tax Act introduced tax reform that reduced the corporate federal income tax rate from 35% to 21%, among other changes.
Income taxes increased by $3.5 million for 2017 compared with 2016, and the effective income tax rate as a percentage of income before tax was 35.7% for 2017, compared with 25.2% for 2016. The higher effective rate in 2017 as well as the increase in tax expense in 2017 was due primarily to the $3.2 million impact of the the Tax Act.

Financial Condition - December 31, 2018 and 2017
Summary
Our total assets increased $79.2 million, or 2.5%, to $3.29 billion as of December 31, 2018 from $3.21 billion as of December 31, 2017. This growth resulted primarily from increases in total loans, excluding loans held for sale, of $112.1 million, or 4.9%, due to increased origination activity. This increase was partially offset by decreases in investment securities of $30.6 million, or 4.8%, to help fund loan growth, cash and cash equivalents of $5.5 million, or 10.8%, and intangible assets of $2.2 million, or 18.0%, due to scheduled amortization, between December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Our loan-to-deposit ratio rose to 91.8% at year-end 2018 compared to 87.8% at year-end 2017, with our target range being between 80% and 90%.
Total liabilities increased by $62.4 million from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018. Our deposits increased $7.6 million, or 0.3%, to $2.61 billion as of December 31, 2018 from $2.61 billion at December 31, 2017. The mix of deposits saw increases between December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018 of $11.6 million, or 0.9%, in NOW and money market accounts, and $21.8 million, or 3.1%, in certificates of deposit. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in non-interest bearing demand deposits of $22.8 million, or 4.9%, and a decrease of $3.0 million, or 1.4%, in savings deposits, between December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018. Brokered CDs obtained through participation in the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (“CDARS”) program increased by $3.4 million in 2018 to $8.6 million, while brokered business money market accounts obtained through participation in the Insured Cash Sweeps (“ICS”) program decreased by $24.2 million to $23.7 million. We have an internal policy limit on brokered deposits not being more than 10% of our total assets. At December 31, 2018 brokered deposits were 1.0% of our total assets. FHLB borrowings were $136.0 million at December 31, 2018, an increase of $21.0 million, or 18.3%, from December 31, 2017. Junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts increased from $23.8 million at December 31, 2017 to $23.9 million at December 31, 2018 as a result of merger-related discount accretion. The Company initiated new long-term borrowings from an unaffiliated bank of $25.0 million during the second quarter of 2015 in connection with the closing of the merger with Central. At December 31, 2018, this note had an outstanding balance of $7.5 million, a decrease of $5.0 million, or 40.0%, from December 31, 2017, due to normal scheduled repayments. Securities sold under agreement to repurchase declined $21.7 million between December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018, and federal funds purchased rose by $55.9 million between the two dates, both as a result of normal business cash need fluctuations.

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Table of Contents

Shareholders’ equity increased by $16.8 million, primarily due to net income of $30.4 million for the year of 2018. This increase was partially offset by the payment of $9.5 million in common stock dividends, a $3.1 million decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income, a $1.4 million increase in treasury stock due to purchases of 76,128 shares of common stock for $2.1 million, pursuant to the Company’s stock repurchase plan, and the issuance of 36,532 shares of Company common stock in connection with stock compensation plans.
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
 
 
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
$ Change
 
% Change
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment debt securities available for sale
$
414,101

 
$
445,324

 
$
(31,223
)
 
(7.0
)%
Investment debt securities held to maturity
195,822

 
195,619

 
203

 
0.1

Net loans
2,369,472

 
2,258,636

 
110,836

 
4.9

Premises and equipment
75,773

 
75,969

 
(196
)
 
(0.3
)
Goodwill
64,654

 
64,654

 
—

 
NM      

Other intangible assets, net
9,875

 
12,046

 
(2,171
)
 
(18.0
)
Federal Home Loan Bank stock
14,678

 
11,324

 
3,354

 
29.6

Total Assets
$
3,291,480

 
$
3,212,271

 
$
79,209

 
2.5
 %
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest bearing
$
439,133

 
$
461,969

 
$
(22,836
)
 
(4.9
)%
Interest bearing
2,173,796

 
2,143,350

 
30,446

 
1.4

Total deposits
2,612,929

 
2,605,319

 
7,610

 
0.3

Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings
136,000

 
115,000

 
21,000

 
18.3

Junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts
23,888

 
23,793

 
95

 
0.4

Long-term debt
7,500

 
12,500

 
(5,000
)
 
(40.0
)
Total liabilities
$
2,934,413

 
$
2,871,967

 
$
62,446

 
2.2
 %
Shareholders’ equity
$
357,067

 
$
340,304

 
$
16,763

 
4.9
 %

Investment Securities
Our investment securities portfolio is managed to provide both a source of liquidity and earnings. The size of the portfolio varies along with fluctuations in levels of deposits and loans. We consider many factors in determining the composition of our investment portfolio including tax-equivalent yield, credit quality, duration, expected cash flows and prepayment risk, as well as the liquidity position and the interest rate risk profile of the Company.
Debt securities available for sale are carried at fair value. As of December 31, 2018, the fair value of our debt securities available for sale was $414.1 million and the amortized cost was $421.8 million. There were $1.2 million of gross unrealized gains and $8.9 million of gross unrealized losses in our investment debt securities available for sale portfolio for a net unrealized loss of $7.7 million. The after-tax effect of this unrealized loss has been included in the accumulated other comprehensive loss component of shareholders’ equity. The ratio of the fair value as a percentage of amortized cost decreased compared to December 31, 2017, due to an increase in interest rates during 2018, particularly in the market for tax-exempt municipal securities.
U.S. treasury and U.S. government agency securities as a percentage of total debt securities decreased to 0.9% at December 31, 2018, from 4.0% at December 31, 2017, and obligations of state and political subdivisions (primarily tax-exempt obligations) as a percentage of total securities also decreased to 41.3% at December 31, 2018, from 41.7% at December 31, 2017. Investments in mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations increased to 40.8% of total securities at December 31, 2018, as compared to 37.4% of total securities at December 31, 2017, and corporate debt securities were unchanged at 16.5% of total securities at both December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company’s mortgage-backed and collateralized mortgage obligations portfolios consisted of securities predominantly backed by one- to four- family mortgage loans and underwritten to the standards of and guaranteed by the following government-sponsored agencies: Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, the Federal National Mortgage Association, and the Government National Mortgage Association. The receipt of principal, at par, and interest on these securities is guaranteed by the respective government-sponsored agency guarantor, such that the Company believes that its mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations do not expose the Company to significant credit-related losses.


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Table of Contents

The composition of debt securities available for sale was as follows:
 
December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities available for sale
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Government agencies and corporations
$
5,495

 
$
15,626

 
$
5,905

States and political subdivisions
121,901

 
141,839

 
165,272

Mortgage-backed securities
50,653

 
48,497

 
61,354

Collateralized mortgage obligations
169,928

 
168,196

 
171,267

Corporate debt securities
66,124

 
71,166

 
72,453

Fair value of debt securities available for sale
$
414,101

 
$
445,324

 
$
476,251


The composition of held to maturity securities was as follows:
 
December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
Held to maturity securities
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Government agencies and corporations
$
—

 
$
10,049

 
$
—

States and political subdivisions
131,177

 
126,413

 
107,941

Mortgage-backed securities
11,016

 
1,906

 
2,398

Collateralized mortgage obligations
18,527

 
22,115

 
26,036

Corporate debt securities
35,102

 
35,136

 
32,017

Amortized cost
$
195,822

 
$
195,619

 
$
168,392

See Note 2. “Investment Securities,’’ and Note 20. “Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the investment portfolio.
The maturities, carrying values and weighted average yields of debt securities as of December 31, 2018 were as follows:
 
Maturity
 
 
 
 
 
After One but
 
After Five but
 
 
 
 
 
Within One Year
 
Within Five Years
 
Within Ten Years
 
After Ten Years
 
Amount
 
Yield
 
Amount
 
Yield
 
Amount
 
Yield
 
Amount
 
Yield
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Government agencies and corporations
$
4,986

 
1.59
%
 
$
509

 
2.05
%
 
$
—

 
—
%
 
$
—

 
—
%
States and political subdivisions (1)
13,377

 
2.83

 
44,950

 
3.76

 
57,946

 
3.91

 
5,628

 
4.32

Mortgage-backed securities (2)
26

 
4.24

 
10,340

 
2.18

 
16,307

 
2.36

 
23,980

 
2.68

Collateralized mortgage obligations (2)
888

 
2.11

 
2,927

 
3.91

 
5,149

 
1.57

 
160,964

 
2.39

Corporate debt securities
4,983

 
2.11

 
54,581

 
2.27

 
6,560

 
5.97

 
—

 
—

Total debt securities available for sale
$
24,260

 
2.40
%
 
$
113,307

 
2.89
%
 
$
85,962

 
3.63
%
 
$
190,572

 
2.48
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Held to maturity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
States and political subdivisions (1)
$
733

 
3.40
%
 
$
15,109

 
3.01
%
 
$
81,078

 
3.19
%
 
$
34,257

 
3.42
%
Mortgage-backed securities (2)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2

 
6.00

 
11,014

 
2.76

Collateralized mortgage obligations (2)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,824

 
1.54

 
16,703

 
1.96

Corporate debt securities
—

 
—

 
9,394

 
2.86

 
23,039

 
5.19

 
2,669

 
5.38

Total debt securities held to maturity
$
733

 
3.40
%
 
$
24,503

 
2.95
%
 
$
105,943

 
3.60
%
 
$
64,643

 
3.01
%
Total investment securities
$
24,993

 
2.43
%
 
$
137,810

 
2.90
%
 
$
191,905

 
3.61
%
 
$
255,215

 
2.61
%
(1) Yield is on a tax-equivalent basis, assuming a federal income tax rate of 21% (the applicable federal income tax rate as of December 31, 2018).
(2) These securities are presented based upon contractual maturities.
 
 

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Table of Contents

As of December 31, 2018, no non-agency issuer’s securities exceeded 10% of the Company’s total shareholders’ equity.
Loans
The composition of loans (before deducting the allowance for loan losses) was as follows:
 
As of December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
 
% of
 
 
 
% of
 
 
 
% of
 
 
 
% of
 
 
 
% of
 
Amount
 
Total
 
Amount
 
Total
 
Amount
 
Total
 
Amount
 
Total
 
Amount
 
Total
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agricultural
$
96,956

 
4.1
%
 
$
105,512

 
4.6
%
 
$
113,343

 
5.2
%
 
$
121,714

 
5.7
%
 
$
104,809

 
9.3
%
Commercial and industrial
533,188

 
22.2

 
503,624

 
22.0

 
459,481

 
21.2

 
467,412

 
21.7

 
303,108

 
26.7

Credit cards(1)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,489

 
0.1

 
1,377

 
0.1

 
1,246

 
0.1

Overdrafts(2)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,483

 
0.1

 
744

 
0.1

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction & development
217,617

 
9.1

 
165,276

 
7.3

 
126,685

 
5.9

 
120,753

 
5.6

 
59,383

 
5.2

Farmland
88,807

 
3.7

 
87,868

 
3.8

 
94,979

 
4.4

 
89,084

 
4.1

 
83,700

 
7.4

Multifamily
134,741

 
5.6

 
134,506

 
5.9

 
136,003

 
6.3

 
121,763

 
5.7

 
54,886

 
4.8

Commercial real estate-other
826,163

 
34.4

 
784,321

 
34.3

 
706,576

 
32.6

 
660,341

 
30.7

 
228,552

 
20.2

Total commercial real estate
1,267,328

 
52.8

 
1,171,971

 
51.3

 
1,064,243

 
49.2

 
991,941

 
46.1

 
426,521

 
37.6

Residential real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four- family first liens
341,830

 
14.3

 
352,226

 
15.4

 
372,233

 
17.2

 
428,233

 
19.9

 
219,314

 
19.4

One- to four- family junior liens
120,049

 
5.0

 
117,204

 
5.1

 
117,763

 
5.4

 
102,273

 
4.7

 
53,297

 
4.7

Total residential real estate
461,879

 
19.3

 
469,430

 
20.5

 
489,996

 
22.6

 
530,506

 
24.6

 
272,611

 
24.1

Consumer
39,428

 
1.6

 
36,158

 
1.6

 
36,591

 
1.7

 
37,509

 
1.7

 
23,480

 
2.1

Total loans
$
2,398,779

 
100.0
%
 
$
2,286,695

 
100.0
%
 
$
2,165,143

 
100.0
%
 
$
2,151,942

 
100.0
%
 
$
1,132,519

 
100.0
%
Total assets
$
3,291,480

 
 
 
$
3,212,271

 
 
 
$
3,079,575

 
 
 
$
2,979,975

 
 
 
$
1,800,302

 
 
Loans to total assets
 
 
72.9
%
 
 
 
71.2
%
 
 
 
70.3
%
 
 
 
72.2
%
 
 
 
62.9
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) - Beginning in 2017, the Company no longer considered credit cards a separate class of loans, and these balances are now included in commercial and industrial loans.
(2) - Beginning in 2016, the Company no longer considered overdrafts a separate class of loans, and these balances are now included in commercial and consumer loans, as appropriate.
Our loan portfolio, before allowance for loan losses, increased 4.9% to $2.40 billion as of December 31, 2018 from $2.29 billion at December 31, 2017. Increased balances were primarily concentrated in commercial real estate loans, which increased $95.4 million, or 8.1%, to $1.27 billion as of December 31, 2018, from $1.17 billion as of December 31, 2017. Within commercial real estate, other commercial real estate increased $41.8 million, or 5.3%, construction and development increased $52.3 million, or 31.7%, farmland loans increased $0.9 million, or 1.1%, and multifamily increased $0.2 million, or 0.2%, between December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Commercial and industrial loans increased $29.6 million, or 5.9%, to $533.2 million between December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and consumer loans also increased $3.3 million, or 9.0%, between the comparative periods. The increases were partially offset by decreases in agricultural loans, which decreased $8.6 million, or 8.1%, between December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, to $97.0 million at December 31, 2018, and residential real estate loans, which decreased $7.6 million, or 1.6%, between December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Commitments under standby letters of credit, unused lines of credit and other conditionally approved credit lines totaled approximately $538.6 million and $574.4 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Our loan to deposit ratio increased to 91.8% at year end 2018 from 87.8% at the end of 2017, with our target range for this ratio being between 80% and 90%. The increase in this ratio is reflective of new loan originations growing at a greater rate than deposits. We expect to reduce this ratio to be within the target range through a greater focus on deposit gathering within our markets.

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The following table sets forth remaining maturities and rate types of loans at December 31, 2018:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total for Loans
 
Total for Loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Due Within
 
Due After
 
 
 
Due In
 
 
 
 
 
One Year Having
 
One Year Having
 
Due Within
 
One to
 
Due After
 
 
 
Fixed
 
Variable
 
Fixed
 
Variable
 
One Year
 
Five Years
 
Five Years
 
Total
 
Rates
 
Rates
 
Rates
 
Rates
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agricultural
$
68,510

 
$
20,519

 
$
7,927

 
$
96,956

 
$
3,792

 
$
64,718

 
$
19,462

 
$
8,984

Commercial and industrial
133,815

 
219,989

 
179,384

 
533,188

 
20,250

 
113,565

 
213,777

 
185,596

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction & development
86,034

 
86,237

 
45,346

 
217,617

 
37,813

 
48,221

 
40,049

 
91,534

Farmland
9,612

 
34,197

 
44,998

 
88,807

 
8,896

 
716

 
40,957

 
38,238

Multifamily
11,647

 
79,176

 
43,918

 
134,741

 
4,331

 
7,316

 
79,547

 
43,547

Commercial real estate-other
76,030

 
400,386

 
349,747

 
826,163

 
64,972

 
11,058

 
346,458

 
403,675

Total commercial real estate
183,323

 
599,996

 
484,009

 
1,267,328

 
116,012

 
67,311

 
507,011

 
576,994

Residential real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four- family first liens
19,008

 
88,121

 
234,701

 
341,830

 
13,202

 
5,806

 
144,756

 
178,066

One- to four- family junior liens
10,546

 
24,550

 
84,953

 
120,049

 
2,075

 
8,471

 
50,210

 
59,293

Total residential real estate
29,554

 
112,671

 
319,654

 
461,879

 
15,277

 
14,277

 
194,966

 
237,359

Consumer
6,668

 
30,697

 
2,063

 
39,428

 
5,416

 
1,252

 
32,743

 
17

Total loans
$
421,870

 
$
983,872

 
$
993,037

 
$
2,398,779

 
$
160,747

 
$
261,123

 
$
967,959

 
$
1,008,950

Of the $1.27 billion of variable rate loans, approximately $741.4 million, or 58.4%, are subject to interest rate floors, with a weighted average floor rate of 4.35%.
Nonperforming Assets
The following table sets forth information concerning nonperforming assets at December 31 for each of the years indicated:
 
December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
90 days or more past due and still accruing interest
$
365

 
$
207

 
$
485

 
$
284

 
$
848

Troubled debt restructure(1)
5,284

 
9,815

 
7,377

 
7,547

 
8,918

Nonaccrual
19,924

 
14,784

 
20,668

 
4,012

 
3,255

Total nonperforming loans
25,573

 
24,806

 
28,530

 
11,843

 
13,021

Foreclosed assets, net
535

 
2,010

 
2,097

 
8,834

 
1,916

Total nonperforming loans and nonperforming other assets
$
26,108

 
$
26,816

 
$
30,627

 
$
20,677

 
$
14,937

Nonperforming loans to loans, before allowance for loan losses
1.07
%
 
1.08
%
 
1.32
%
 
0.55
%
 
1.15
%
Nonperforming loans and nonperforming other assets to loans, before allowance for loan losses
1.09
%
 
1.17
%
 
1.41
%
 
1.43
%
 
1.32
%
(1) The “Troubled debt restructure” line for 2017, 2016, and 2015 has been adjusted to include loans that were previously considered “non-disclosed” of $945,000, $65,000, and $315,000, respectively. There was no change to the amount for 2014.
Management’s policy is to place loans on nonaccrual status when interest or principal is 90 days or more past due. Such loans may continue on accrual status only if they are both well-secured with marketable collateral and in the process of collection.
Total nonperforming assets were $26.1 million at December 31, 2018, compared to $26.8 million at December 31, 2017, a $0.7 million, or 2.7%, decrease. Nonperforming loans increased $0.8 million during 2018, and nonperforming other assets (foreclosed assets, net) decreased $1.5 million during 2018. The decrease in foreclosed assets, net, from $2.0 million at December 31, 2017 to $0.5 million at December 31, 2018, was primarily attributable to the net decrease in properties in foreclosed assets during the year ended December 31, 2018. All of the foreclosed assets were acquired through foreclosures, and we are actively working to sell all properties held as of December 31, 2018. Foreclosed assets, net, are carried at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs of disposal. Additional discounts could be required to market and sell the properties, resulting in a write down through expense.

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Nonperforming loans increased from $24.8 million, or 1.08% of total loans, at December 31, 2017, to $25.6 million, or 1.07% of total loans, at December 31, 2018. At December 31, 2018, nonperforming loans consisted of $19.9 million in nonaccrual loans, $5.3 million in troubled debt restructures (“TDRs”) and $0.4 million in loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest. This compares to nonaccrual loans of $14.8 million, TDRs of $9.8 million, and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest of $0.2 million at December 31, 2017. Nonaccrual loans increased $5.1 million between December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018, primarily due to $16.1 million being added to nonaccrual status involving a number of independent borrowers, partially offset by $2.7 million of payments, net charge-offs of $5.4 million, and $2.3 million coming out of nonaccrual status. The balance of loans modified in a TDR decreased $4.5 million from year-end 2017, primarily due to payments of $3.5 million. Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest increased $158 thousand between December 31, 2017, and December 31, 2018. Loans past due 30 to 89 days and still accruing interest (not included in the nonperforming loan totals) decreased to $5.6 million at December 31, 2018, compared with $8.4 million at December 31, 2017. As of December 31, 2018, the allowance for loan losses was $29.3 million, or 1.22% of total loans, compared with $28.1 million, or 1.23% of total loans at December 31, 2017. The allowance for loan losses represented 114.60% of nonperforming loans at December 31, 2018, compared with 113.11% of nonperforming loans at December 31, 2017.
The following table sets forth information concerning nonperforming loans by class of receivable at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:
 
90 Days or More Past Due and Still Accruing Interest
 
Troubled Debt Restructure(1)
 
Nonaccrual
 
Total
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agricultural
$
—

 
$
2,502

 
$
1,622

 
$
4,124

Commercial and industrial
—

 
492

 
9,218

 
9,710

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction & development
—

 
—

 
99

 
99

Farmland
—

 
—

 
2,751

 
2,751

Commercial real estate-other
—

 
1,227

 
4,558

 
5,785

Total commercial real estate
—

 
1,227

 
7,408

 
8,635

Residential real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four- family first liens
341

 
1,063

 
1,049

 
2,453

One- to four- family junior liens
24

 
—

 
465

 
489

Total residential real estate
365

 
1,063

 
1,514

 
2,942

Consumer
—

 
—

 
162

 
162

Total
$
365

 
$
5,284

 
$
19,924

 
$
25,573

December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agricultural
$
—

 
$
2,637

 
$
168

 
$
2,805

Commercial and industrial
—

 
1,450

 
7,124

 
8,574

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction & development
—

 
—

 
188

 
188

Farmland
—

 
—

 
386

 
386

Commercial real estate-other
—

 
4,641

 
5,279

 
9,920

Total commercial real estate
—

 
4,641

 
5,853

 
10,494

Residential real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four- family first liens
205

 
1,087

 
1,228

 
2,520

One- to four- family junior liens
2

 
—

 
346

 
348

Total residential real estate
207

 
1,087

 
1,574

 
2,868

Consumer
—

 
—

 
65

 
65

Total
$
207

 
$
9,815

 
$
14,784

 
$
24,806

(1) The “Troubled Debt Restructure” column for 2017 has been adjusted to include loans that were previously considered “non-disclosed” of $945,000.
Not included in the loans above were purchased credit impaired loans with an outstanding balance of $0.3 million, with no net discount, as of December 31, 2018, and an outstanding balance of $0.7 million, net of a discount of $0.1 million, as of December 31, 2017.
The largest categories of nonperforming loans were commercial and industrial loans, with a balance of $9.7 million, and

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commercial real estate loans, with a balance of $8.6 million at December 31, 2018. The remaining nonperforming loans consisted of $4.1 million in agricultural, $2.9 million in residential real estate, and $0.2 million of consumer loans.
A loan is considered to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will not be able to collect all amounts due. The accrual of interest income on impaired loans is discontinued when there is reasonable doubt as to the borrower’s ability to meet contractual payments of interest or principal. Interest income on these loans is recognized to the extent interest payments are received and the principal is considered fully collectible.
The gross interest income that would have been recorded in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 if the nonaccrual and TDRs had been current in accordance with their original terms was $2.4 million, $2.5 million, and $1.9 million, respectively. The amount of interest collected on those loans that was included in interest income was $0.9 million, $1.4 million, and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
In addition to the non-performing and past due loans mentioned above, the Company also has identified loans for which management has concerns about the ability of the borrowers to meet existing repayment terms. The loans are generally secured by either real estate or other borrower assets, reducing the potential for loss should they become non-performing. Although these loans are generally identified as potential problem loans, it is possible that they never become non-performing.
We also track the loan to value (“LTV”) ratio of loans in our portfolio, and those loans with LTVs in excess of internal and supervisory guidelines are presented to the Bank’s board of directors on a quarterly basis. At December 31, 2018, there were 21 owner-occupied 1-4 family loans with a LTV ratio of 100% or greater. In addition, there were 110 home equity loans without credit enhancement that had a LTV ratio of 100% or greater. We have the first lien on 5 of these equity loans and other financial institutions have the first lien on the remaining 105. There were also 156 commercial real estate loans without credit enhancement that exceed the supervisory LTV guidelines.
Loan Review and Classification Process for Agricultural Loans, Commercial and Industrial Loans, and Commercial Real Estate Loans:
The Bank maintains a loan review and classification process which involves multiple officers of the Bank and is designed to assess the general quality of credit underwriting and to promote early identification of potential problem loans. All commercial and agricultural loan officers are charged with the responsibility of risk rating all loans in their portfolios and updating the ratings, positively or negatively, on an ongoing basis as conditions warrant. Risk ratings are selected from an 8-point scale with ratings as follows: ratings 1- 4 Satisfactory (pass), rating 5 Watch (potential weakness), rating 6 Substandard (well-defined weakness), rating 7 Doubtful, and rating 8 Loss.
When a loan officer originates a new loan, based upon proper loan authorization, he or she documents the credit file with an offering sheet summary, supplemental underwriting analysis, relevant financial information and collateral evaluations. All of this information is used in the determination of the initial loan risk rating. The Bank’s loan review department undertakes independent credit reviews of relationships based on either criteria established by loan policy, risk-focused sampling, or random sampling. Loan policy requires all lending relationships with total exposure of $5.0 million or more as well as all classified (loan grades 6 through 8) and watch (loan grade 5) rated credits over $1.0 million be reviewed no less than annually. The individual loan reviews consider such items as: loan type; nature, type and estimated value of collateral; borrower and/or guarantor estimated financial strength; most recently available financial information; related loans and total borrower exposure; and current and anticipated performance of the loan. The results of such reviews are presented to executive management.
Through the review of delinquency reports, updated financial statements or other relevant information, the lending officer and/or loan review personnel may determine that a loan relationship has weakened to the point that a watch (loan grade 5) or classified (loan grades 6 through 8) status is warranted. When a loan relationship with total related exposure of $1.0 million or greater is adversely graded (loan grade 5 or above), or is classified as a TDR (regardless of size), the lending officer is then charged with preparing a loan strategy summary worksheet that outlines the background of the credit problem, current repayment status of the loans, current collateral evaluation and a workout plan of action. This plan may include goals to improve the credit rating, assist the borrower in moving the loans to another institution and/or collateral liquidation. All such reports are first presented to regional management and then to the loan strategy committee. Copies of the minutes of these committee meetings are presented to the board of directors of the Bank.
Depending upon the individual facts and circumstances and the result of the classified/watch review process, loan officers and/or loan review personnel may categorize the loan relationship as impaired. Once that determination has occurred, the credit analyst will complete an evaluation of the collateral (for collateral-dependent loans) based upon the estimated collateral value, adjusting for current market conditions and other local factors that may affect collateral value. Loan review personnel may also

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Table of Contents

complete an independent impairment analysis when deemed necessary. These judgmental evaluations may produce an initial specific allowance for placement in the Company’s allowance for loan and lease losses calculation. Impairment analysis for the underlying collateral value is completed in the last month of the quarter.   The impairment analysis worksheets are reviewed by the Credit Administration department prior to quarter-end. The board of directors of the Bank on a quarterly basis reviews the classified/watch reports including changes in credit grades of 5 or higher as well as all impaired loans, the related allowances and foreclosed assets, net.
In general, once the specific allowance has been finalized, regional and executive management will consider a charge-off prior to the calendar quarter-end in which that reserve calculation is finalized.
The review process also provides for the upgrade of loans that show improvement since the last review. All requests for an upgrade of a credit are approved by the loan strategy committee before the rating can be changed.
Restructured Loans
We restructure loans for our customers who appear to be able to meet the terms of their loan over the long term, but who may be unable to meet the terms of the loan in the near term due to individual circumstances. We consider the customer’s past performance, previous and current credit history, the individual circumstances surrounding the current difficulties and their plan to meet the terms of the loan in the future prior to restructuring the terms of the loan. The following factors are indicators that a concession has been granted (one or multiple items may be present):
•
The borrower receives a reduction of the stated interest rate for the remaining original life of the debt.
•
The borrower receives an extension of the maturity date or dates at a stated interest rate lower than the current market interest rate for new debt with similar risk characteristics.
•
The borrower receives a reduction of the face amount or maturity amount of the debt as stated in the instrument or other agreement.
•
The borrower receives a deferral of required payments (principal and/or interest).
•
The borrower receives a reduction of the accrued interest.
Generally, loans are restructured through short-term interest rate relief, short-term principal payment relief or short-term principal and interest payment relief. Once a restructured loan has gone 90 days or more past due or is placed on nonaccrual status, it is included in the 90 days or more past due or nonaccrual totals.
During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company restructured 2 loans by granting concessions to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties.
Allowance for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses (“ALLL”) is an accounting estimate of incurred credit losses in our loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The provision for loan losses is the expense recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income to adjust the allowance to the levels deemed appropriate by management, as measured by the Company’s credit loss estimation methodologies.

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Table of Contents

The following table shows activity affecting the allowance for loan losses:
 
Year ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amount of loans outstanding at end of period (net of unearned interest) (1)
$
2,398,779

 
$
2,286,695

 
$
2,165,143

 
$
2,151,942

 
$
1,132,519

Average amount of loans outstanding for the period (net of unearned interest)
$
2,354,354

 
$
2,201,364

 
$
2,161,376

 
$
1,962,846

 
$
1,092,280

Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period (1)
$
28,059

 
$
21,850

 
$
19,427

 
$
16,363

 
$
16,179

Charge-offs:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agricultural
$
656

 
$
1,202

 
$
1,204

 
$
245

 
$
26

Commercial and industrial
2,752

 
2,338

 
3,024

 
639

 
673

Credit cards
—

 
—

 
42

 
53

 
12

Overdrafts
—

 
—

 
—

 
44

 
37

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction & development
—

 
257

 
734

 
193

 
86

Farmland
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Multifamily
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial real estate-other
2,901

 
7,674

 
197

 
660

 
79

Total commercial real estate
2,901

 
7,931

 
931

 
853

 
165

Residential real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four- family first liens
83

 
250

 
462

 
653

 
349

One- to four- family junior liens
30

 
55

 
320

 
87

 
60

Total residential real estate
113

 
305

 
782

 
740

 
409

Consumer
618

 
257

 
98

 
48

 
39

Total charge-offs
$
7,040

 
$
12,033

 
$
6,081

 
$
2,622

 
$
1,361

Recoveries:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agricultural
$
67

 
$
187

 
$
33

 
$
1

 
$
10

Commercial and industrial
291

 
232

 
124

 
372

 
215

Credit cards(2)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2

Overdrafts(3)
—

 
—

 
—

 
11

 
13

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction & development
60

 
167

 
54

 
—

 
38

Farmland
—

 
24

 
1

 
4

 
—

Multifamily
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial real estate-other
230

 
100

 
137

 
3

 
23

Total commercial real estate
290

 
291

 
192

 
7

 
61

Residential real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four- family first liens
139

 
24

 
82

 
131

 
18

One- to four- family junior liens
149

 
156

 
75

 
12

 
4

Total residential real estate
288

 
180

 
157

 
143

 
22

Consumer
52

 
18

 
15

 
20

 
22

Total recoveries
$
988

 
$
908

 
$
521

 
$
554

 
$
345

Net loans charged off
$
6,052

 
$
11,125

 
$
5,560

 
$
2,068

 
$
1,016

Provision for loan losses
7,300

 
17,334

 
7,983

 
5,132

 
1,200

Allowance for loan losses at end of period
$
29,307

 
$
28,059

 
$
21,850

 
$
19,427

 
$
16,363

Net loans charged off to average loans
0.26
%
 
0.51
%
 
0.26
%
 
0.11
%
 
0.09
%
Allowance for loan losses to total loans at end of period
1.22
%
 
1.23
%
 
1.01
%
 
0.90
%
 
1.44
%
(1) - Loans do not include, and the allowance for loan losses does not include, loan pool participations for the years 2015 and 2014.
(2) - Beginning in 2017, the Company no longer considered credit cards a separate class of loans, and these balances are now included in commercial and industrial loans.
(3) - Beginning in 2016, the Company no longer considered overdrafts a separate class of loans, and these balances are now included in commercial and consumer loans, as appropriate.


53
Table of Contents

The following table sets forth the allowance for loan losses by loan portfolio segments compared to the percentage of loans to total loans by loan portfolio segment as of December 31 for each of the years indicated:
 
December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
Allowance Amount
 
Percent of Loans to Total Loans
 
Allowance Amount
 
Percent of Loans to Total Loans
 
Allowance Amount
 
Percent of Loans to Total Loans
 
Allowance Amount
 
Percent of Loans to Total Loans
 
Allowance Amount
 
Percent of Loans to Total Loans
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agricultural
$
3,637

 
4.1
%
 
$
2,790

 
4.6
%
 
$
2,003

 
5.2
%
 
$
1,417

 
5.7
%
 
$
1,506

 
9.3
%
Commercial and industrial
7,478

 
22.2

 
8,518

 
22.0

 
6,274

 
21.3

 
5,451

 
21.9

 
5,780

 
26.9

Commercial real estate
15,635

 
52.8

 
13,637

 
51.3

 
9,860

 
49.2

 
8,556

 
46.1

 
4,399

 
37.6

Residential real estate
2,349

 
19.3

 
2,870

 
20.5

 
3,458

 
22.6

 
3,968

 
24.6

 
3,167

 
24.1

Consumer
208

 
1.6

 
244

 
1.6

 
255

 
1.7

 
409

 
1.7

 
323

 
2.1

Unallocated
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(374
)
 
—

 
1,188

 
—

Total
$
29,307

 
100.0
%
 
$
28,059

 
100.0
%
 
$
21,850

 
100.0
%
 
$
19,427

 
100.0
%
 
$
16,363

 
100.0
%
The Bank carefully monitors the loan portfolio and continues to emphasize the importance of credit quality while continuously strengthening loan monitoring systems and controls. The Bank reviews the ALLL quantitative and qualitative methodology on a quarterly basis and makes adjustments when appropriate to maintain adequate reserves. At December 31, 2018, the Bank adjusted its measure of certain qualitative factors for Watch and Substandard risk-rated loans. Specifically, prior to year-end 2018, a certain qualitative adjustment applied to each Watch and Substandard risk-rated segment was measured as the greater of: 1) the actual historical loss rate for that segment as measured over a 20-quarter loss accumulation period or 2) the average loss rate observed across all such risk-rated loan segments over that same period. At year-end 2018, to better align the Bank’s loan credit loss estimate with its actual loss experience, management changed the application of that certain Watch and Substandard qualitative factor to be the actual historical loss rate for each segment. That adjustment reduced the Bank’s estimate of loan credit losses by $1.2 million at December 31, 2018.
Premises and Equipment
As of December 31, 2018, premises and equipment totaled $75.8 million, a decrease of $0.2 million, or 0.3%, from $76.0 million at December 31, 2017. This decrease was primarily due to disposals and depreciation expense exceeding building improvements and additions. We expect the balance of premises and equipment to remain stable in future periods.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill was unchanged at $64.7 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2018. Other intangible assets decreased $2.2 million, or 18.0%, to $9.9 million at December 31, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017, due to normal amortization. During the second quarter of 2018, the Company recognized a $125,000 customer list intangible due to the purchase of a registered investment adviser in the Denver, Colorado area. See Note 6. “Goodwill and Intangible Assets” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Deposits
Deposits increased $7.6 million, or 0.3%, during the year ended December 31, 2018, due in part to an increased focus on deposit gathering in Minnesota and Wisconsin, and growth in the Colorado market. The mix of deposits saw increases between December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018 of $11.6 million, or 0.9%, in NOW and money market accounts, and $21.8 million, or 3.1%, in certificates of deposit. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in non-interest bearing deposits of $22.8 million, or 4.9%, and of $3.0 million, or 1.4%, in savings deposits, between December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018.

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Table of Contents

The average balance of non-interest-bearing accounts decreased $15.9 million, or 3.4%, from 2017 to 2018. The average balance of interest-bearing demand deposits increased $63.1 million, or 5.5%, and the average balance of savings accounts increased by $9.0 million, or 4.4%, between 2017 and 2018. The aggregate average balance of time deposits increased by $49.1 million, or 7.3%, from 2017 to 2018, primarily in deposits of less than $100,000.
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
Average
 
%
 
Average
 
Average
 
%
 
Average
 
Average
 
%
 
Average
 
Average
 
%
 
Average
 
Average
 
%
 
Average
 
Balance
 
Total
 
Rate
 
Balance
 
Total
 
Rate
 
Balance
 
Total
 
Rate
 
Balance
 
Total
 
Rate
 
Balance
 
Total
 
Rate
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-interest-bearing demand deposits
$
455,223

 
17.5
%
 
NA

 
$
471,170

 
18.8
%
 
NA

 
$
512,383

 
21.0
%
 
NA

 
$
488,312

 
21.4
%
 
NA

 
$
208,071

 
15.0
%
 
NA

Interest-bearing demand (NOW and money market)
1,215,428

 
46.6

 
0.49
%
 
1,152,350

 
46.0

 
0.32
%
 
1,087,757

 
44.5

 
0.29
%
 
859,945

 
37.8

 
0.31
%
 
603,812

 
43.7

 
0.36
%
Savings
214,244

 
8.2

 
0.12

 
205,204

 
8.2

 
0.10

 
195,237

 
8.0

 
0.14

 
279,230

 
12.3

 
0.13

 
102,850

 
7.4

 
0.14

Time deposits
723,830

 
27.7

 
1.54

 
674,757

 
27.0

 
1.13

 
649,986

 
26.5

 
0.92

 
648,516

 
28.5

 
0.75

 
469,351

 
33.9

 
1.00

Total deposits
$
2,608,725

 
100.0
%
 
0.66
%
 
$
2,503,481

 
100.0
%
 
0.46
%
 
$
2,445,363

 
100.0
%
 
0.38
%
 
$
2,276,003

 
100.0
%
 
0.35
%
 
$
1,384,084

 
100.0
%
 
0.51
%
Certificates of deposit of $100,000 and over at December 31, 2018 had the following maturities:
(in thousands)
 
Three months or less
$
96,394

Over three through six months
46,222

Over six months through one year
85,427

Over one year
142,973

Total
$
371,016

Federal Funds Purchased and Securities Sold Under Agreement to Repurchase
Federal funds purchased were $56.9 million as of December 31, 2018, an increase of $55.9 million, from $1.0 million at December 31, 2017. The Bank uses federal funds to meet its routine liquidity requirements and to maintain short-term liquidity, which accounts for fluctuations in this balance. Securities sold under agreement to repurchase were $74.5 million as of December 31, 2018, a decrease of $21.7 million, or 22.6%, from $96.2 million at December 31, 2017. The Company enters into repurchase agreements and also offers a demand deposit account product to customers that sweeps their balances in excess of an agreed upon target amount into overnight repurchase agreements. Changes in the balance of securities sold under agreement to repurchase are due to variances in the cash needs of these customers. See Note 10. “Short-Term Borrowings” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreement to repurchase.
Junior Subordinated Notes Issued to Capital Trusts
Junior subordinated notes that have been issued to capital trusts that issued trust preferred securities were $23.9 million as of December 31, 2018, an increase of $0.1 million, or 0.4%, from $23.8 million at December 31, 2017. This increase was due to purchase accounting amortization on junior subordinated notes that were assumed by us from Central in the merger. See Note 11. “Junior Subordinated Notes Issued to Capital Trusts” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our junior subordinated notes.
Federal Home Loan Bank Borrowings
FHLB borrowings totaled $136.0 million as of December 31, 2018, compared to $115.0 million as of December 31, 2017, an increase of $21.0 million, or 18.3%. We utilize FHLB borrowings as a supplement to customer deposits to fund earning assets and to assist in managing interest rate risk. Thus, if deposits decline, FHLB borrowing may increase to provide necessary liquidity. See Note 12. “Federal Home Loan Bank Borrowings and Long-Term Debt” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our FHLB borrowings.
Long-term Debt
Long-term debt in the form of a $35.0 million unsecured note payable to a correspondent bank was entered into on April 30, 2015 in connection with the payment of the merger consideration at the closing of the Central merger, of which $7.5 million was outstanding as of December 31, 2018. See Note 12. “Federal Home Loan Bank Borrowings and Long-Term Debt” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our long-term debt.

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The following table sets forth the distribution of borrowed funds and weighted average interest rates thereon at the end of each of the last three years. 
 
December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 
Average
 
Balance
 
Rate
 
Balance
 
Rate
 
Balance
 
Rate
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements
$
131,422

 
1.70
%
 
$
97,229

 
0.47
%
 
$
117,871

 
0.40
%
FHLB borrowings
136,000

 
2.45

 
115,000

 
1.67

 
115,000

 
1.56

Junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts
23,888

 
4.97

 
23,793

 
4.00

 
23,692

 
3.16

Long-term debt
7,500

 
3.78

 
12,500

 
2.85

 
17,500

 
2.52

Total
$
298,810

 
2.35
%
 
$
248,522

 
1.48
%
 
$
274,063

 
1.26
%
The following table sets forth the maximum amount of borrowed funds outstanding at any month-end for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
Federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements
$
131,420

 
$
124,952

 
$
117,871

FHLB borrowings
148,000

 
145,000

 
115,000

Junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts
23,888

 
23,793

 
23,692

Long-term debt
12,500

 
17,500

 
22,500

Total
$
315,808

 
$
311,245

 
$
279,063

The following table sets forth the average amount of and the average rate paid on borrowed funds for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
Average
 
Average
 
Average
 
Average
 
Average
 
Average
 
Balance
 
Rate
 
Balance
 
Rate
 
Balance
 
Rate
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements
$
105,094

 
1.24
%
 
$
87,763

 
0.47
%
 
$
74,566

 
0.27
%
FHLB borrowings
133,814

 
1.95

 
110,000

 
1.67

 
104,954

 
1.74

Junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts
23,841

 
4.97

 
23,743

 
4.00

 
23,641

 
3.49

Long-term debt
10,596

 
3.77

 
15,596

 
2.75

 
20,604

 
2.27

Total
$
273,345

 
2.01
%
 
$
237,102

 
1.53
%
 
$
223,765

 
1.48
%

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Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes contractual obligations payments due by period, as of December 31, 2018:
 
 
 
Less than
 
1 to 3
 
3 to 5
 
More than
 
Total
 
1 year
 
years
 
years
 
5 years
Contractual obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Time certificates of deposit
$
723,647

 
$
413,108

 
$
275,918

 
$
34,621

 
$
—

Federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements
74,522

 
74,522

 
—

 
—

 
—

FHLB borrowings
136,000

 
52,000

 
84,000

 
—

 
—

Junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts
23,888

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
23,888

Long-term debt
7,500

 
5,000

 
2,500

 
—

 
—

Noncancelable operating leases and capital lease obligations
1,338

 
114

 
438

 
389

 
397

Total
$
966,895

 
$
544,744

 
$
362,856

 
$
35,010

 
$
24,285

Off-Balance-Sheet Transactions
During the normal course of business, we become a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in order to meet the financing needs of our customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, commitments to sell loans, and standby letters of credit. We follow the same credit policy (including requiring collateral, if deemed appropriate) to make such commitments as is followed for those loans that are recorded in our financial statements.
Our exposure to credit losses in the event of nonperformance is represented by the contractual amount of the commitments. Management does not expect any significant losses as a result of these commitments, and also expects to have sufficient liquidity available to cover these off-balance-sheet instruments. Off-balance-sheet transactions are more fully discussed in Note 18. “Commitments and Contingencies” to our consolidated financial statements.
The following table summarizes our off-balance-sheet commitments by expiration period, as of December 31, 2018:
 
 
 
Less than
 
1 to 3
 
3 to 5
 
More than
 
Total
 
1 year
 
years
 
years
 
5 years
Contractual obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commitments to extend credit
$
521,270

 
$
247,313

 
$
128,388

 
$
63,491

 
$
82,078

Commitments to sell loans
666

 
666

 
—

 
—

 
—

Standby letters of credit
16,709

 
13,501

 
2,190

 
966

 
52

Total
$
538,645

 
$
261,480

 
$
130,578

 
$
64,457

 
$
82,130

Capital Resources
The Federal Reserve uses capital adequacy guidelines in its examination and regulation of bank holding companies and their subsidiary banks. Risk-based capital ratios are established by allocating assets and certain off-balance-sheet commitments into four risk-weighted categories. These balances are then multiplied by the factor appropriate for that risk-weighted category. Pursuant to the Basel III Rule, the Company and the Bank, respectively, are subject to regulatory capital adequacy requirements promulgated by the Federal Reserve and the FDIC. Failure by the Company or the Bank to meet minimum capital requirements could result in certain mandatory and discretionary actions by our regulators that could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements. Under the capital requirements and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company’s and the Bank’s assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company’s and the Bank’s capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of total risk-based capital, Tier 1 capital (as defined in the regulations) and Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets (as defined in the regulations), and a leverage ratio consisting of Tier 1 capital (as defined in the regulations) to average assets (as defined in the regulations). As of December 31, 2018, both the Bank and the Company exceeded federal regulatory minimum capital requirements to be classified as well-capitalized

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under the prompt corrective action requirements. See Note 17. “Regulatory Capital Requirements and Restrictions on Subsidiary Cash” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our regulatory capital ratios.
In order to be a “well-capitalized” depository institution, a bank must maintain a Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.5% or more; a Tier 1 capital ratio of 8% or more; a Total capital ratio of 10% or more; and a leverage ratio of 5% or more. A capital conservation buffer, comprised of Common Equity Tier 1 Capital, is also established above the regulatory minimum capital requirements. This capital conservation buffer was being phased in until reaching the final level of 2.5% on January 1, 2019. The capital conservation buffer during 2018 was 1.875%.
On March 17, 2017, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement to offer and sell, through an underwriter, up to 750,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock at a public purchase price of $34.25 per share. This included 250,000 shares of the Company’s common stock granted as a 30-day option to purchase to cover over-allotments, if any. On April 6, 2017, the underwriter purchased the full amount of its over-allotment option of 250,000 shares.
At the 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Company held on April 20, 2017, the Company’s shareholders approved the MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). The Plan is the successor to the MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2008 Plan”), which expired on November 20, 2017.
On February 15, 2018, 32,460 restricted stock units were granted to certain officers of the Company under the Plan. On June 15, 2018, 6,780 restricted stock units, and on November 15, 2018, 5,000 restricted stock units were granted to certain officers of the Company under the Plan. Additionally, during the year of 2018, 29,715 shares of common stock were issued in connection with the vesting of previously awarded grants of restricted stock units, of which 2,883 shares were surrendered by grantees to satisfy tax requirements, and 4,695 nonvested restricted stock units were forfeited. During 2018, 9,700 shares of common stock were issued in connection with the exercise of previously issued stock options, and no options expired.
On May 15, 2018, 5,720 restricted stock units were granted to the directors of the Company under the Plan. See Note 15. “Stock Compensation Plans” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our stock compensation program.
Liquidity
Liquidity management involves the ability to meet the cash flow requirements of depositors and borrowers. We conduct liquidity management on both a daily and long-term basis. We adjust our investments in liquid assets based upon management’s assessment of expected loan demand, projected loan sales, expected deposit flows, yields available on interest-bearing deposits, and the objectives of our asset/liability management program. Excess liquidity is invested generally in short-term U.S. government and agency securities, short- and medium-term state and political subdivision securities, and other investment securities.
Our most liquid assets are cash and due from banks, interest-bearing bank deposits, and federal funds sold. The balances of these assets are dependent on our operating, investing, lending, and financing activities during any given period.
Liquid assets on hand are summarized in the table below:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
43,787

 
$
44,818

 
$
41,464

Interest-bearing deposits
1,693

 
5,474

 
1,764

Federal funds sold
—

 
680

 
—

Total
$
45,480

 
$
50,972

 
$
43,228

Percentage of average total assets
1.4
%
 
1.6
%
 
1.4
%
Generally, our principal sources of funds are deposits, advances from the FHLB, principal repayments on loans, proceeds from the sale of loans, proceeds from the maturity and sale of investment securities, our federal funds lines of credit, and funds provided by operations. While scheduled loan amortization and maturing interest-bearing deposits are relatively predictable sources of funds, deposit flows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by economic conditions, the general level of interest rates, and competition. We utilized particular sources of funds based on comparative costs and availability. This included fixed-rate advances from the FHLB that were obtained at a more favorable cost than deposits of comparable maturity. We generally managed the pricing of our deposits to maintain a steady deposit base but from time to time decided not to pay rates on deposits as high as

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our competition. Our banking subsidiary also maintains unsecured lines of credit with several correspondent banks and secured lines with the Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window and the FHLB that would allow us to borrow funds on a short-term basis, if necessary.
As of December 31, 2018, we had $7.5 million of long-term debt outstanding to an unaffiliated banking organization. See Note 12. “Federal Home Loan Bank Borrowings and Long-Term Debt” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our long-term debt. As of December 31, 2018, we also had $23.9 million of indebtedness payable under junior subordinated debentures issued to subsidiary trusts that issued trust preferred securities in pooled offerings. See Note 11. “Junior Subordinated Notes Issued to Capital Trusts” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our junior subordinated notes.
Net cash provided by operations was another major source of liquidity. The net cash provided by operating activities was $42.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 and $41.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017.
As of December 31, 2018, we had outstanding commitments to extend credit to borrowers of $521.3 million, standby letters of credit of $16.7 million, and commitments to sell loans of $0.7 million. Certificates of deposit maturing in one year or less totaled $413.1 million as of December 31, 2018. We believe that a significant portion of these deposits will remain with us upon maturity.
Inflation
The effects of price changes and inflation can vary substantially for most financial institutions. While management believes that inflation affects the growth of total assets, it is difficult to assess the overall impact. The price of one or more of the components of the Consumer Price Index may fluctuate considerably and thereby influence the overall Consumer Price Index without having a corresponding effect on interest rates or upon the cost of those goods and services normally purchased by us. In years of high inflation and high interest rates, intermediate and long-term interest rates tend to increase, thereby adversely impacting the market values of investment securities, mortgage loans and other long-term fixed rate loans held by financial institutions. In addition, higher short-term interest rates caused by inflation tend to increase financial institutions’ cost of funds. In other years, the reverse situation may occur.

ITEM 7A.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
In general, market risk is the risk of change in asset values due to movements in underlying market rates and prices. Interest rate risk is the risk to earnings and capital arising from movements in interest rates. Interest rate risk is the most significant market risk affecting us as other types of market risk, such as foreign currency exchange rate risk and commodity price risk, do not arise in the normal course of our business activities.
In addition to interest rate risk, economic conditions in recent years have made liquidity risk (namely, funding liquidity risk) a more prevalent concern among financial institutions. In general, liquidity risk is the risk of being unable to fund an entity’s obligations to creditors (including, in the case of banks, obligations to depositors) as such obligations become due and/or fund its acquisition of assets.

Liquidity Risk
Liquidity refers to our ability to fund operations, to meet depositor withdrawals, to provide for our customers’ credit needs, and to meet maturing obligations and existing commitments. Our liquidity principally depends on cash flows from operating activities, investment in and maturity of assets, changes in balances of deposits and borrowings, and our ability to borrow funds.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $42.8 million during 2018, compared with $41.0 million in 2017 and $38.2 million in 2016. Proceeds from loans held for sale, net of funds used to originate loans held for sale, represented a $0.2 million inflow for 2018, compared to an inflow of $3.4 million for 2017 and a $1.1 million net outflow for 2016.
Net cash used in investing activities was $94.4 million during 2018, compared with net cash used in investing activities of $148.8 million in 2017 and net cash used in investing activities of $123.6 million in 2016. During 2018, securities transactions resulted in net cash inflows of $25.7 million, while they were cash neutral for 2017, and showed net cash outflows of $108.8 million for 2016. Net origination of loans resulted in $118.7 million in cash outflows for 2018, compared to $133.8 million outflows for 2017 and $20.6 million outflows in 2016.

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Net cash provided by financing activities was $46.2 million during 2018, compared with net cash provided by financing activities of $115.5 million in 2017, and net cash provided by financing activities of $81.5 million in 2016. Sources of cash from financing activities for 2018 included a net increase of $55.9 million in federal funds purchased, a net increase of $21.0 million in FHLB borrowings, and a $7.6 million increase in net deposits. These increases in cash were partially offset by $9.5 million cash dividends paid, and $5.0 million in payments on long-term debt. In 2017 our main sources of cash from financing activities were an increase of $124.9 million in net deposits, and $24.4 (net of expenses) proceeds from the issuance of common stock, partially offset by a net decrease of $34.7 million in federal funds purchased, $8.1 million in cash dividends paid, and $5.0 million in payments on long-term debt. In 2016, our main sources of cash from financing activities were a net increase of $34.2 million in federal funds purchased, $28.0 million net proceeds from FHLB borrowings, and a $16.9 million increase in net deposits, partially offset by $7.3 million cash dividends paid, and $5.0 million in payments on long-term debt.
To further mitigate liquidity risk, the Bank has several sources of liquidity in place to maximize funding availability and increase the diversification of funding sources. The criteria for evaluating the use of these sources include volume concentration (percentage of liabilities), cost, volatility, and the fit with the current asset/liability management plan. These acceptable sources of liquidity include:
•
Federal funds lines;
•
FHLB borrowings;
•
Brokered deposits;
•
Brokered repurchase agreements; and
•
Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window.
Federal Funds Lines: Routine liquidity requirements are met by fluctuations in the federal funds position of the Bank. The principal function of these funds is to maintain short-term liquidity. Unsecured federal funds purchased lines are viewed as a volatile liability and are not used as a long-term funding solution, especially when used to fund long-term assets. Multiple correspondent relationships are preferable and federal funds sold exposure to any one customer is continuously monitored. The current federal funds purchased limit is 10% of total assets, or the amount of established federal funds lines, whichever is smaller. Currently, the Bank has unsecured federal funds lines totaling $150.0 million, which lines are tested annually to ensure availability.
FHLB Borrowings: FHLB borrowings provide both a source of liquidity and long-term funding for the Bank. Use of this type of funding is coordinated with both the strategic balance sheet growth projections and interest rate risk profile of the Bank. Factors that are taken into account when contemplating use of FHLB borrowings are the effective interest rate, the collateral requirements, community investment program credits, and the implications and cost of having to purchase incremental FHLB stock. The current FHLB borrowing limit is 35% of total assets. As of December 31, 2018, the Bank had $136.0 million in outstanding FHLB borrowings, leaving $96.4 million available for liquidity needs, based on collateral capacity. These borrowings are secured by various real estate loans (residential, commercial and agricultural).
Brokered Deposits: The Bank has brokered certificate of deposit lines/deposit relationships available to help diversify its various funding sources. Brokered deposits offer several benefits relative to other funding sources, such as: maturity structures which cannot be duplicated in the current deposit market, deposit gathering which does not cannibalize the existing deposit base, the unsecured nature of these liabilities, and the ability to quickly generate funds. However, brokered deposits are often viewed as a volatile liability by banking regulators and market participants. This viewpoint, and the desire to not develop a large funding concentration in any one area outside of the Bank’s core market area, is reflected in an internal policy stating that the Bank limit the use of brokered deposits as a funding source to no more than 10% of total assets. Board approval is required to exceed this limit. The Bank will also have to maintain a “well capitalized” standing to access brokered deposits, as an “adequately capitalized” rating would require an FDIC waiver to do so, and an “undercapitalized” rating would prohibit it from using brokered deposits altogether.
Brokered Repurchase Agreements: Brokered repurchase agreements may be established with approved brokerage firms and banks. Repurchase agreements create rollover risk (the risk that a broker will discontinue the relationship due to market factors) and are not used as a long-term funding solution, especially when used to fund long-term assets. Collateral requirements and availability are evaluated and monitored. The current policy limit for brokered repurchase agreements is 10% of total assets. There were no outstanding brokered repurchase agreements at December 31, 2018.
Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window: The Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window is another source of liquidity, particularly during difficult economic times. The Bank has a borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago limited by the amount of municipal securities pledged against the line. As of December 31, 2018, the Bank had municipal securities with an approximate market value of $12.7 million pledged for liquidity purposes.


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Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is defined as the exposure of net interest income and fair value of financial instruments (interest-earning assets, deposits and borrowings) to movements in interest rates. The Company’s results of operations depend to a large degree on its net interest income and its ability to manage interest rate risk. The Company considers interest rate risk to be one of its more significant market risks. The major sources of the Company's interest rate risk are timing differences in the maturity and re-pricing characteristics of assets and liabilities, changes in the shape of the yield curve, changes in customer behavior and changes in relationships between rate indices (basis risk). Management measures these risks and their impact in various ways, including through the use of income simulation and valuation analyses. Multiple interest rate scenarios are evaluated which include gradual or rapid changes in interest rates, spread narrowing and widening, yield curve twists and changes in assumptions about customer behavior in various interest rate scenarios. A mismatch between maturities, interest rate sensitivities and prepayment characteristics of assets and liabilities results in interest-rate risk. Like most financial institutions, we have material interest-rate risk exposure to changes in both short-term and long-term interest rates, as well as variable interest rate indices (e.g., the prime rate or LIBOR). The change in the Company’s interest rate profile between December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018 is largely attributable to the increase in federal funds purchased and a shift to utilizing more variable rate FHLB borrowings.
The Bank’s asset and liability committee meets regularly and is responsible for reviewing its interest rate sensitivity position and establishing policies to monitor and limit exposure to interest rate risk. Our asset  and  liability  committee  seeks  to  manage interest  rate  risk  under a  variety of rate  environments  by structuring  our balance sheet and off-balance-sheet positions in such a way that changes in interest rates do not have a large negative impact. The risk is monitored and managed within approved policy limits.
We use a third-party service to model and measure our exposure to potential interest rate changes. For various assumed hypothetical  changes  in  market interest  rates,  numerous  other  assumptions  are  made, such  as  prepayment  speeds  on  loans  and securities backed by mortgages, the  slope  of the Treasury yield-curve, the  rates  and volumes of our deposits, and the  rates  and volumes of our loans. There are two primary tools used to evaluate interest rate risk: net interest income simulation and economic value of equity ("EVE"). In addition, interest rate gap is reviewed to monitor asset and liability repricing over various time periods.
Net Interest Income Simulation: Management utilizes net interest income simulation models to estimate the near-term effects of changing interest rates on its net interest income. Net interest income simulation involves forecasting net interest income under a variety of scenarios, including the level of interest rates and the shape of the yield curve. Management exercises its best judgment in making assumptions regarding events that management can influence, such as non-contractual deposit re-pricings, and events outside management's control, such as customer behavior on loan and deposit activity and the effect that competition has on both loan and deposit pricing. These assumptions are subjective, and, as a result, net interest income simulation results will differ from actual results due to the timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes, changes in market conditions, customer behavior and management strategies, among other factors. We perform various sensitivity analyses on assumptions of deposit attrition and deposit re-pricing.
The following table presents the anticipated effect on net interest income over a twelve month period if short- and long-term interest rates were to sustain an immediate decrease of 200 basis points and 100 basis points, or increase of 100 basis points and 200 basis points.
 
Immediate Change in Rates
 
-200
 
-100
 
+100
 
+200
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dollar change
$
(529
)
 
$
(568
)
 
$
(1,840
)
 
$
(4,006
)
Percent change
(0.5
)%
 
(0.5
)%
 
(1.7
)%
 
(3.8
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dollar change
$
(2,873
)
 
$
(729
)
 
$
55

 
$
(361
)
Percent change
(2.8
)%
 
(0.7
)%
 
0.1
 %
 
(0.4
)%
As of December 31, 2018, 28.6% of the Company’s interest-earning asset balances will reprice or are expected to pay down in the next 12 months and 64.3% of the Company’s deposit balances are low cost or no cost deposits.


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Economic Value of Equity: Management also uses EVE to measure risk in the balance sheet that might not be taken into account in the net interest income simulation analysis. Net interest income simulation highlights exposure over a relatively short time period, while EVE analysis incorporates all cash flows over the estimated remaining life of all balance sheet positions. The valuation of the balance sheet, at a point in time, is defined as the discounted present value of asset cash flows minus the discounted present value of liability cash flows. EVE analysis addresses only the current balance sheet and does not incorporate the run-off replacement assumptions that are used in the net interest income simulation model. As with the net interest income simulation model, EVE analysis is based on key assumptions about the timing and variability of balance sheet cash flows and does not take into account any potential responses by management to anticipated changes in interest rates.
Interest Rate Gap: The interest rate gap is the difference between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities re-pricing within a given period and represents the net asset or liability sensitivity at a point in time. An interest rate gap measure could be significantly affected by external factors such as loan prepayments, early withdrawals of deposits, changes in the correlation of various interest-bearing instruments, competition, or a rise or decline in interest rates.


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ITEM 8.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc.


Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries’ (the Company) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively, financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013, and our report dated March 8, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits includes performing procedures to assess the risk of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also include evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ RSM US LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013.
Cedar Rapids, Iowa
March 8, 2019




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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31, 2018 and 2017
(dollars in thousands)
 
2018
 
2017
ASSETS
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
43,787

 
$
44,818

Interest-earning deposits in banks
1,693

 
5,474

Federal funds sold
—

 
680

Total cash and cash equivalents
45,480

 
50,972

Equity securities at fair value
2,737

 
2,336

Debt securities available for sale at fair value
414,101

 
445,324

Held to maturity securities at amortized cost (fair value of $192,564 at December 31, 2018 and $194,343 at December 31, 2017)
195,822

 
195,619

Loans held for sale
666

 
856

Loans held for investment, net of unearned income
2,398,779

 
2,286,695

Allowance for loan losses
(29,307
)
 
(28,059
)
Total loans held for investment, net
2,369,472

 
2,258,636

Premises and equipment, net
75,773

 
75,969

Interest receivable
14,736

 
14,732

Goodwill
64,654

 
64,654

Other intangible assets, net
9,875

 
12,046

Bank-owned life insurance
60,989

 
59,831

Foreclosed assets, net
535

 
2,010

Deferred income taxes, net
8,273

 
6,525

Other assets
28,367

 
22,761

Total assets
$
3,291,480

 
$
3,212,271

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
 
 
 
Noninterest-bearing deposits
$
439,133

 
$
461,969

Interest-bearing deposits
2,173,796

 
2,143,350

Total deposits
2,612,929

 
2,605,319

Federal funds purchased
56,900

 
1,000

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
74,522

 
96,229

Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings
136,000

 
115,000

Junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts
23,888

 
23,793

Long-term debt
7,500

 
12,500

Deferred compensation liability
5,268

 
5,199

Interest payable
1,828

 
1,428

Other liabilities
15,578

 
11,499

Total liabilities
2,934,413

 
2,871,967

Commitments and contingencies (Note 18)

 

Shareholders' equity:
 
 
 
Preferred stock, no par value; authorized 500,000 shares; no shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017
—

 
—

Common stock, $1.00 par value; authorized 30,000,000 shares at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017; issued 12,463,481 shares at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017; outstanding 12,180,015 shares at December 31, 2018 and 12,219,611 shares at December 31, 2017
12,463

 
12,463

Additional paid-in capital
187,813

 
187,486

Treasury stock at cost, 283,466 shares as of December 31, 2018 and 243,870 shares as of December 31, 2017
(6,499
)
 
(5,121
)
Retained earnings
168,951

 
148,078

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(5,661
)
 
(2,602
)
Total shareholders' equity
357,067

 
340,304

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
$
3,291,480

 
$
3,212,271

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.  

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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Interest income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans
 
$
111,193

 
$
102,366

 
$
98,162

Bank deposits
 
59

 
138

 
161

Federal funds sold
 
3

 
4

 
5

Taxable securities
 
11,742

 
10,573

 
8,297

Tax-exempt securities
 
5,827

 
6,239

 
5,703

Total interest income
 
128,824

 
119,320

 
112,328

Interest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
 
17,331

 
11,489

 
9,379

Federal funds purchased
 
661

 
171

 
47

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
 
641

 
241

 
158

Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings
 
2,612

 
1,838

 
1,827

Other borrowings
 
13

 
12

 
19

Junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts
 
1,184

 
949

 
825

Long-term debt
 
399

 
445

 
467

Total interest expense
 
22,841

 
15,145

 
12,722

Net interest income
 
105,983

 
104,175

 
99,606

Provision for loan losses
 
7,300

 
17,334

 
7,983

Net interest income after provision for loan losses
 
98,683

 
86,841

 
91,623

Noninterest income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trust, investment, and insurance fees
 
6,237

 
6,189

 
5,574

Service charges and fees on deposit accounts
 
4,649

 
5,126

 
5,219

Loan origination and servicing fees
 
3,622

 
3,421

 
3,771

Other service charges and fees
 
6,215

 
5,992

 
5,951

Bank-owned life insurance income
 
1,610

 
1,388

 
1,366

Gain on sale or call of debt securities
 
193

 
241

 
464

Other gain
 
262

 
13

 
1,089

Total noninterest income
 
22,788

 
22,370

 
23,434

Noninterest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salaries and employee benefits
 
49,758

 
47,864

 
49,621

Occupancy and equipment, net
 
13,037

 
12,305

 
13,066

Professional fees
 
4,641

 
3,962

 
4,216

Data processing
 
2,951

 
2,674

 
4,940

FDIC insurance
 
1,533

 
1,265

 
1,563

Amortization of intangibles
 
2,296

 
3,125

 
3,970

Other
 
9,287

 
8,941

 
10,430

Total noninterest expense
 
83,503

 
80,136

 
87,806

Income before income tax expense
 
37,968

 
29,075

 
27,251

Income tax expense
 
7,617

 
10,376

 
6,860

Net income
 
$
30,351

 
$
18,699

 
$
20,391

Earnings per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
2.48

 
$
1.55

 
$
1.78

Diluted
 
$
2.48

 
$
1.55

 
$
1.78

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.  

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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016
(in thousands)
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Net income
 
$
30,351

 
$
18,699

 
$
20,391

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive loss, available for sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized holding losses arising during period
 
(3,865
)
 
(1,470
)
 
(6,906
)
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income
 
(197
)
 
(188
)
 
(464
)
Income tax benefit
 
1,060

 
654

 
2,829

Other comprehensive loss on available for sale securities
 
(3,002
)
 
(1,004
)
 
(4,541
)
Total other comprehensive loss
 
$
(3,002
)
 
$
(1,004
)
 
$
(4,541
)
Comprehensive income
 
$
27,349

 
$
17,695

 
$
15,850

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
 
 
Preferred
Stock
 
Common
Stock
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Treasury
Stock
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
Total
Balance at December 31, 2015
 
$
—

 
$
11,713

 
$
163,487

 
$
(6,331
)
 
$
123,901

 
$
3,408


$
296,178

Net income
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
20,391

 
—

 
20,391

Dividends paid on common stock ($0.64 per share)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(7,317
)
 
—

 
(7,317
)
Stock options exercised (2,900 shares)
 
—

 
—

 
(22
)
 
60

 
—

 
—

 
38

Release/lapse of restriction on RSUs (26,133 shares)
 
—

 
—

 
(529
)
 
505

 
—

 
—

 
(24
)
Share-based compensation
 
—

 
—

 
731

 
—

 
—

 

 
731

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(4,541
)
 
(4,541
)
Balance at December 31, 2016

$
—

 
$
11,713

 
$
163,667

 
$
(5,766
)
 
$
136,975

 
$
(1,133
)

$
305,456

Net income
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
18,699

 
—

 
18,699

Issuance of common stock (750,000 shares), net of expenses of $1,328
 
—

 
750

 
23,610

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
24,360

Dividends paid on common stock ($0.67 per share)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(8,061
)
 
—

 
(8,061
)
Stock options exercised (8,750 shares)
 
—

 
—

 
(83
)
 
183

 
—

 
—

 
100

Release/lapse of restriction on RSUs (27,625 shares)
 
—

 
—

 
(576
)
 
462

 
—

 
—

 
(114
)
Share-based compensation
 
—

 
—

 
868

 
—

 
—

 

 
868

Reclassified from AOCI to Retained Earnings, tax effect(1)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
465

 
(465
)
 
—

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1,004
)
 
(1,004
)
Balance at December 31, 2017

$
—


$
12,463


$
187,486


$
(5,121
)

$
148,078


$
(2,602
)

$
340,304

Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles(2)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
57

 
(57
)
 
—

Net income
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
30,351

 
—

 
30,351

Dividends paid on common stock ($0.78 per share)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(9,535
)
 
—

 
(9,535
)
Stock options exercised (9,700 shares)
 
—

 
—

 
(68
)
 
204

 
—

 
—

 
136

Release/lapse of restriction on RSUs (29,715 shares)
 
—

 
—

 
(635
)
 
547

 
—

 
—

 
(88
)
Repurchase of common stock (76,128 shares)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(2,129
)
 
—

 
—

 
(2,129
)
Share-based compensation
 
—

 
—

 
1,030

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,030

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(3,002
)
 
(3,002
)
Balance at December 31, 2018
 
$
—


$
12,463


$
187,813


$
(6,499
)

$
168,951


$
(5,661
)

$
357,067

(1) Reclassification due to adoption of ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. See Note 1, “Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies - Effect of New Financial Accounting Standards” and Note 13, “Income Taxes” for additional information
(2) Reclassification due to adoption of ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. See Note 1. “Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies - Effect of New Financial Accounting Standards” for additional information.


See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016
(in thousands)
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
30,351

 
$
18,699

 
$
20,391

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for loan losses
7,300

 
17,334

 
7,983

Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment
4,232

 
4,032

 
4,450

Amortization of premium on junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts
95

 
101

 
105

Amortization of intangibles
2,296

 
3,125

 
3,970

Amortization of premiums and discounts on investment securities, net
953

 
1,176

 
1,624

(Gain) loss on sale of premises and equipment
(20
)
 
(2
)
 
44

Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
(676
)
 
744

 
(2,853
)
Excess tax benefits from share-based award activity
(4
)
 
(92
)
 
—

Stock-based compensation
1,030

 
868

 
731

Net loss on equity securities
83

 
—

 
—

Net gain on sale or call of available for sale securities
(197
)
 
(188
)
 
(464
)
Net (gain) loss on sale or call of held to maturity securities
4

 
(53
)
 
—

Net gain on sale of foreclosed assets, net
(241
)
 
(28
)
 
(795
)
Net gain on sale of loans held for sale
(1,725
)
 
(1,794
)
 
(2,475
)
Writedown of foreclosed assets
22

 
58

 
675

Origination of loans held for sale
(66,180
)
 
(87,579
)
 
(132,003
)
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale
68,108

 
92,758

 
133,424

Increase in accrued interest receivable
(4
)
 
(861
)
 
(135
)
Increase in cash value of bank-owned life insurance
(1,610
)
 
(1,388
)
 
(1,366
)
(Increase) decrease in other assets
(5,606
)
 
(4,448
)
 
3,496

Increase in deferred compensation liability
69

 
19

 
48

Increase (decrease) in interest payable and other liabilities
4,479

 
(1,501
)
 
1,334

Net cash provided by operating activities
$
42,759

 
$
40,980

 
$
38,184

Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Purchases of equity securities
$
(509
)
 
$
—

 
$
(1,007
)
Proceeds from sales of available for sale securities
14,490

 
22,538

 
23,381

Proceeds from maturities and calls of available for sale securities
73,719

 
67,743

 
84,612

Purchases of available for sale securities
(61,512
)
 
(62,849
)
 
(165,611
)
Proceeds from sales of held to maturity securities
—

 
1,153

 
—

Proceeds from maturities and calls of held to maturity securities
5,509

 
15,477

 
12,080

Purchases of held to maturity securities
(6,008
)
 
(44,024
)
 
(62,231
)
Increase in loans, net
(118,710
)
 
(133,836
)
 
(20,648
)
Purchases of premises and equipment
(5,568
)
 
(4,988
)
 
(5,634
)
Proceeds from sale of foreclosed assets, net
2,268

 
1,216

 
8,744

Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment
657

 
32

 
2,299

Proceeds from sale of assets held for sale
895

 
—

 
—

Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance death benefit
452

 
—

 
430

Purchases of bank-owned life insurance
—

 
(11,212
)
 
—

Payments to acquire intangible assets
(125
)
 
—

 
—

Net cash used in investing activities
$
(94,442
)
 
$
(148,750
)
 
$
(123,585
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Net increase in deposits
$
7,610

 
$
124,871

 
$
16,927

Net increase (decrease) in federal funds purchased
55,900

 
(34,684
)
 
34,184

Net increase (decrease) in securities sold under agreements to repurchase
(21,707
)
 
14,042

 
14,724

Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings
110,000

 
215,000

 
50,000

Repayment of Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings
(89,000
)
 
(215,000
)
 
(22,000
)
Proceeds from share-based award activity
137

 
8

 
14

Excess tax benefits from share-based award activity
4

 
92

 
—

Taxes paid relating to net share settlement of equity awards
(89
)
 
(114
)
 
—

Payments on long-term debt
(5,000
)
 
(5,000
)
 
(5,000
)
Dividends paid
(9,535
)
 
(8,061
)
 
(7,317
)
Issuance of common stock
—

 
25,688

 
—

Expenses incurred in stock issuance
—

 
(1,328
)
 
—

Repurchase of common stock for the treasury
(2,129
)
 
—

 
—

Net cash provided by financing activities
$
46,191

 
$
115,514

 
$
81,532

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
$
(5,492
)
 
$
7,744

 
$
(3,869
)
Cash and cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning of period
50,972

 
$
43,228

 
$
47,097

Ending balance
$
45,480

 
$
50,972

 
$
43,228


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2018
 
2017
 
2016
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
 
 
 
 
 
Cash paid during the period for interest
$
22,441

 
$
15,189

 
$
12,757

Cash paid during the period for income taxes
6,245

 
13,199

 
7,957

Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Transfer of loans to foreclosed assets
$
574

 
$
1,159

 
$
1,887

Transfer of premises and equipment to assets held for sale
895

 
—

 
—

Supplemental schedule of non-cash operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Transfer due to Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, reclassified from AOCI to Retained Earnings, tax effect
$
—

 
$
465

 
$
—

Transfer due to adoption of ASU 2016-01, reclassified from AOCI to Retained Earnings.
$
57

 
$
—

 
$
—


See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Note 1.
Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of business: MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. (the “Company”), is a bank holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, that has elected to be a financial holding company. It is headquartered in Iowa City, Iowa and owns all of the outstanding common stock of MidWestOne Bank (the “Bank”), Iowa City, Iowa, and all of the common stock of MidWestOne Insurance Services, Inc., Oskaloosa, Iowa. The Bank is also headquartered in Iowa City, Iowa, and provides services to individuals, businesses, governmental units and institutional customers through a total of 45 banking offices in central and east-central Iowa, the Twin Cities metro area in Minnesota and western Wisconsin, Naples and Fort Myers, Florida, and Denver, Colorado. MidWestOne Insurance Services, Inc. provides personal and business insurance services in Cedar Falls, Conrad, Melbourne, Oskaloosa, Parkersburg, and Pella, Iowa. The Bank is actively engaged in many areas of commercial banking, including: acceptance of demand, savings and time deposits; making commercial, real estate, agricultural and consumer loans, and other banking services tailored for its individual customers. The wealth management area of the Bank administers estates, personal trusts, and conservatorships accounts along with providing other management services to customers.

On May 1, 2015, the Company acquired Central Bancshares, Inc., a Minnesota corporation. In connection with the merger, Central Bank, a Minnesota-chartered commercial bank and wholly-owned subsidiary of Central, became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. Per the merger agreement, each of the outstanding shares of Central common stock was converted into the pro rata portion of 2,723,083 shares of Company common stock and $64.0 million in cash. On April 2, 2016, Central Bank merged with and into the Bank.

On August 21, 2018, the Company entered into a merger agreement with ATBancorp, an Iowa corporation, pursuant to which ATBancorp will merge with and into the Company. In connection with the merger, American Trust & Savings Bank, an Iowa state chartered bank and wholly owned subsidiary of ATBancorp, and American Bank & Trust Wisconsin, a Wisconsin state chartered bank and wholly owned subsidiary of ATBancorp, will merge with and into the Bank, which will continue as the surviving bank. The merger agreement also provides that each of the outstanding shares of ATBancorp common stock will be converted into the right of ATBancorp shareholders to receive 117.55 shares of Company common stock and $992.51 in cash. The corporate headquarters of the combined company will be in Iowa City, Iowa. The merger is anticipated to be completed in the second quarter of 2019. For further information, please refer to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on August 22, 2018.

Accounting estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Certain significant estimates: The allowance for loan losses, fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination, annual impairment testing of goodwill, and the fair values of investment securities and other financial instruments involve certain significant estimates made by management. These estimates are reviewed by management routinely, and it is reasonably possible that circumstances that exist may change in the near-term future and that the effect could be material to the consolidated financial statements.

Principles of consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc., a bank holding company, and its wholly-owned subsidiary MidWestOne Bank, which is a state chartered bank whose primary federal regulator is the FDIC, and MidWestOne Insurance Services, Inc. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior periods’ consolidated financial statements to present them on a basis comparable with the current period’s consolidated financial statements.

Trust assets, other than cash deposits held by the Bank in a fiduciary or agency capacity for its customers, are not included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements because such accounts are not assets of the the Bank.

In the normal course of business, the Company may enter into a transaction with a variable interest entity (“VIE”). VIEs are legal entities whose investors lack the ability to make decisions about the entity’s activities, or whose equity investors do not have the right to receive the residual returns of the entity. The applicable accounting guidance requires the Company to perform ongoing

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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

quantitative and qualitative analysis to determine whether it must consolidate any VIE. The Company does not have any ownership interest in or exert any control over any VIE, and thus no VIEs are included in the consolidated financial statements. Investments in non-marketable loan participation certificates for which the Company does not have the ability to exert significant influence are accounted for using the cost method.

Presentation of cash flows: For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and due from banks includes cash on hand, amounts due from banks, and federal funds sold. Cash flows from loans, deposits, federal funds purchased, and securities sold under agreements to repurchase are reported net.

Cash receipts and cash payments resulting from originations and sales of loans held for sale are classified as operating cash flows on a gross basis in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

The nature of the Company’s business requires that it maintain amounts due from banks that, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. In the opinion of management, no material risk of loss exists due to the various correspondent banks’ financial condition and the fact that they are well capitalized.
 
Investment securities: Certain debt securities that the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held to maturity and recorded at amortized cost. Debt securities not classified as held to maturity are classified as available for sale and recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive income. Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are classified as available for sale securities, with market value changes reflected on the income statement, and are stated at fair value. Realized and unrealized gains and losses from sales and fair value adjustments of equity securities are included in other gains on the consolidated statements of income.

The Company employs valuation techniques which utilize observable inputs when those inputs are available. These observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing the security, developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. When such information is not available, the Company employs valuation techniques which utilize unobservable inputs, or those which reflect the Company’s own assumptions about assumptions that market participants would use, based on the best information available in the circumstances. These valuation methods typically involve cash flow and other financial modeling techniques. Changes in underlying factors, assumptions, estimates, or other inputs to the valuation techniques could have a material impact on the Company’s future financial condition and results of operations. Fair value measurements are required to be classified as Level 1 (quoted prices), Level 2 (based on observable inputs) or Level 3 (based on unobservable inputs) discussed in more detail in Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements. Available for sale debt securities are recorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported as a separate component of shareholders’ equity until realized.

Purchase premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income using the interest method between the date of purchase and the first call date, or the maturity date of the security when there is no call date. Declines in the fair value of held to maturity and available for sale securities below their cost that are deemed to be other than temporary are reflected in earnings as realized losses. In determining whether other than temporary impairment exists, management considers whether: (1) we have the intent to sell the security; (2) it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of the amortized cost basis; and (3) we do not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security. Gains and losses on the sale of securities are recorded on the trade date and are determined using the specific identification method.

Loans: Loans are stated at the principal amount outstanding, net of purchase premiums, purchase discounts and net deferred loan fees. Net deferred loan fees include nonrefundable loan origination fees less direct loan origination costs. Net deferred loan fees, purchase premiums and purchase discounts are amortized into interest income using either the interest method or straight-line method over the terms of the loans, adjusted for actual prepayments. The interest method is used for all loans except revolving loans, for which the straight-line method is used. Interest on loans is credited to income as earned based on the principal amount outstanding.

The accrual of interest on agricultural, commercial, commercial real estate, and consumer loan segments is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due, and residential real estate loan segments at 120 days past due, unless the credit is well secured and in process of collection. Credit card loans and other personal loans are typically charged off no later than 180 days past due. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged off at an earlier date, if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

All interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual or charged off is reversed against interest income. The interest on these loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

Purchased loans: All purchased loans (nonimpaired and impaired) are initially measured at fair value as of the acquisition date in accordance with applicable authoritative accounting guidance. Credit discounts are included in the determination of fair value. An allowance for loan losses is not recorded at the acquisition date for loans purchased.

Individual loans acquired through the completion of a transfer, including loans that have evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and for which it is probable, at acquisition, that the Company will be unable to collect all contractually required payments receivable, are referred to herein as “purchased credit impaired loans.” In determining the acquisition date fair value and estimated credit losses of purchased credit impaired loans, and in subsequent accounting, the Company accounts for loans individually. Contractually required payments for interest and principal that exceed the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition, or the “nonaccretable difference,” are not recognized as a yield adjustment or as a loss accrual or valuation allowance. Expected cash flows at the purchase date in excess of the fair value of loans, if any, are recorded as interest income over the expected life of the loans if the timing and amount of future cash flows are reasonably estimable. Subsequent to the purchase date, increases in cash flows over those expected at the purchase date are recognized as interest income prospectively. The present value of any decreases in expected cash flows after the purchase date is recognized by recording an allowance for loan losses and a provision for loan losses. If the Company does not have the information necessary to reasonably estimate cash flows to be expected, it may use the cost-recovery method or cash-basis method of income recognition.

Subsequent to the purchase date, increases in cash flows over those expected at the purchase date are recognized as interest income prospectively. Subsequent to the purchase date, the methods utilized to estimate the required allowance for loan losses for these loans are similar to originated loans. The remaining differences between the purchase price and the unpaid balance at the date of acquisition are recorded in interest income over the life of the loan.

Covered assets and indemnification asset: As part of the Central transaction, the Company assumed loss-share or similar credit protection agreements with the FDIC. The FDIC loss sharing agreements were terminated on July 14, 2017, at which time the loans were reclassified to non-covered assets.

Loans held for sale: Loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or estimated fair value, as determined by aggregate outstanding commitments from investors or current investor yield requirements. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to income.

Mortgage loans held for sale are generally sold with the mortgage servicing rights retained. Gains or losses on sales of mortgage loans are recognized based on the difference between the selling price plus the value of servicing rights, less the carrying value of the related mortgage loans sold.

Allowance for loan losses: The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a quarterly basis by management and is based upon management’s periodic review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

The allowance consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are classified as doubtful, substandard or special mention. For such loans that are also classified as impaired as well as any loan (regardless of classification) meeting the definition of a troubled debt restructuring, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value or observable market price) of the impaired loan are lower than the carrying value of that loan. The general component covers loans not classified as impaired and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors.


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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include: payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral, if the loan is collateral dependent.

Large groups of smaller-balance loans (with individual balances less than $100,000) are not evaluated for impairment, but are collectively applied a standard allocation under ASC 450.

Transfers of financial assets: Revenue from the origination and sale of loans in the secondary market is recognized upon the transfer of financial assets and accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. The Company also sells participation interests in some large loans originated, to non-affiliated entities. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when: (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company; (2) the transferee has the right to pledge or exchange the assets it received and no condition both constrains the transferee from taking advantage of its right to pledge or exchange and provides more than a trivial benefit to the transferor; and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity or the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return specific assets.

Credit-related financial instruments: In the ordinary course of business, the Company has entered into commitments to extend credit, including commitments under credit card arrangements, commitments to sell loans, commercial letters of credit and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.

Derivatives and hedging instruments: As part of its asset and liability management strategy, the Company uses derivative financial instruments to mitigate exposure to interest rate risks. The Company records all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk in a fair value hedge or the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge. The Company may enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain of its risk, even though hedge accounting does not apply or the Company elects not to apply hedge accounting.

In accordance with the FASB’s fair value measurement guidance, the Company made an accounting policy election to measure the credit risk of its derivative financial instruments that are subject to master netting agreements on a net basis by counterparty portfolio.

The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s loans and borrowings.


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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Premises and equipment: Land is carried at cost. Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. The estimated useful lives and primary method of depreciation for the principal items are as follows:
 
Years
 
 
Type of Assets
Minimum
 
Maximum
 
Depreciation Method
 
 
 
 
 
 
Buildings and leasehold improvements
10
-
39
 
Straight-line
Furniture and equipment
3
-
10
 
Straight-line

Charges for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. When assets are retired or disposed of the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and the resulting gain or loss is recorded.

Foreclosed assets, net: Real estate properties and other assets acquired through or in lieu of foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less estimated selling cost at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Fair value is determined by management by obtaining appraisals or other market value information at least annually. Any write-downs in value at the date of acquisition are charged to the allowance for loan losses. After foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management by obtaining updated appraisals or other market value information. Any subsequent write-downs are recorded as a charge to operations, if necessary, to reduce the carrying value of a property to the updated fair value less estimated selling cost. Net costs related to the holding of properties are included in noninterest expense.

Goodwill and other intangibles: Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in business combinations accounted for as acquisitions. Under ASC Topic 350, goodwill of a reporting unit is tested for impairment on an annual basis, or between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. The Company's annual assessment is done at the reporting unit level. The Company did not recognize impairment losses during the year ended December 31, 2018. Any future impairment will be recorded as noninterest expense in the period of assessment. Certain other intangible assets that have finite lives are amortized over the remaining useful lives.

Mortgage servicing rights: Mortgage servicing rights are recorded at fair value based on assumptions through a third-party valuation service. The valuation model incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income, such as the servicing cost per loan, the discount rate, the escrow float rate, an inflation rate, ancillary income, prepayment speeds and default rates and losses.

Bank-owned life insurance (BOLI): BOLI represents life insurance policies on the lives of certain Company officers and directors or former officers and directors for which the Company is the beneficiary. Bank-owned life insurance is carried at cash surrender value, net of surrender and other charges, with increases/decreases reflected as noninterest income/expense in the consolidated statements of income.

Employee benefit plans: Deferred benefits under a salary continuation plan are charged to expense during the period in which the participating employees attain full eligibility.

Stock-based compensation: Compensation expense for share based awards is recorded over the vesting period at the fair value of the award at the time of grant. The exercise price of options or fair value of nonvested shares granted under the Company’s incentive plans is equal to the fair market value of the underlying stock at the grant date. The Company assumes no projected forfeitures on its stock based compensation, since actual historical forfeiture rates on its stock-based incentive awards has been negligible.

Income taxes: The Company and/or its subsidiaries file tax returns in all states and local taxing jurisdictions which impose corporate income, franchise or other taxes where it operates. The methods of filing and the methods for calculating taxable and apportionable income vary depending upon the laws of the taxing jurisdiction. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amount of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.


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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, the Company recognizes a tax position as a benefit only if it is more likely than not that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon examination. For tax positions not meeting the more likely than not test, no tax benefit is recorded. The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. Government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act introduced tax reform that reduced the corporate federal income tax rate from 35% to 21%, among other changes. While the corporate tax rate reduction was effective January 1, 2018, GAAP required a revaluation of the Company’s net deferred tax asset. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted rates expected to apply to taxable income in years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through income tax expense as changes in tax laws are enacted. On February 14, 2018 the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) - Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The amendments of this ASU allowed a reclassification from other accumulated comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Act. See Note 13. “Income Taxes” for more information,

There were no material unrecognized tax benefits or any interest or penalties on any unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.

Common stock: On July 17, 2014, the board of directors of the Company approved a share repurchase program, allowing for the repurchase of up to $5.0 million of stock through December 31, 2016. Pursuant to the program, the Company could continue to repurchase shares from time to time in the open market, and the method, timing and amounts of repurchase were solely in the discretion of the Company's management. The repurchase program did not require the Company to acquire a specific number of shares. Therefore, the amount of shares repurchased pursuant to the program depended on several factors, including market conditions, capital and liquidity requirements, and alternative uses for cash available. In 2015 and 2016 the Company repurchased no shares of common stock.

On July 21, 2016, the board of directors of the Company renewed the share repurchase program, which allowed for the repurchase of up to $5.0 million of stock through December 31, 2018. The Company repurchased no common stock under this plan in 2016 or 2017. In 2018, 33,998 shares of common stock for approximately $1.1 million were purchased under this plan.

On March 17, 2017, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement to offer and sell, through an underwriter, up to 750,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock at a public purchase price of $34.25 per share. This included 250,000 shares of the Company’s common stock granted as a 30-day option to purchase to cover over-allotments, if any. On April 6, 2017, the underwriter purchased the full amount of its over-allotment option of 250,000 shares.

On October 16, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a new share repurchase program, allowing for the repurchase of up to $5.0 million of common stock through December 31, 2020. The new repurchase program replaced the Company's prior repurchase program. 42,130 shares of common stock were repurchased under the new plan, at a cost of $1.0 million and thus $4.0 million remained available for possible future repurchases as of December 31, 2018.

Comprehensive income: Accounting principles generally require that recognized revenue, expenses, gains and losses be included in net income. Certain changes in assets and liabilities, such as unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, are reported as a separate component of shareholders’ equity on the consolidated balance sheets, and are disclosed in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss included in shareholders’ equity are as follows:
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized losses on securities available for sale
 
$
(7,660
)
 
$
(3,530
)
 
$
(1,872
)
Less: Tax effect
 
(1,999
)
 
(928
)
 
(739
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax
 
$
(5,661
)
 
$
(2,602
)
 
$
(1,133
)


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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Effect of New Financial Accounting Standards
Accounting Guidance Adopted in 2018
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contract with Customers (Topic 606). Subsequent to the issuance of ASU 2014-09, the FASB issued targeted updates to clarify specific implementation issues including ASU No. 2016-08, Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), ASU No. 2016-10, Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, ASU No. 2016-12, Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients, and ASU No. 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. For financial reporting purposes, the standard allows for either full retrospective adoption, meaning the standard is applied to all of the periods presented, or modified retrospective adoption, meaning the standard is applied only to the most current period presented in the financial statements with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognized at the date of initial application. Since the guidance does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including loans and securities that are accounted for under other sections of GAAP, the new guidance did not have a material impact on revenue most closely associated with financial instruments, including interest income and expense. The Company completed its overall assessment of revenue streams and review of related contracts potentially affected by the ASU, including trust and asset management fees, service charges on deposit accounts, sales of other real estate, and debit card interchange fees. Based on this assessment, the Company concluded that ASU 2014-09 did not materially change the method in which the Company currently recognizes revenue for these revenue streams. The Company also completed its evaluation of certain costs related to these revenue streams to determine whether such costs should be presented as expenses or contra-revenue (i.e., gross versus net). Based on its evaluation, the Company determined that ASU 2014-09 also did not materially change the method in which the Company currently recognizes costs for these revenue streams. The Company adopted this update on January 1, 2018, utilizing the modified retrospective transition method. Since there was no net income impact upon adoption of the new guidance, a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings was not deemed necessary. See Note 21 “Revenue Recognition” for more information.

In January 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The guidance in this update makes changes to the current GAAP model primarily affect the accounting for equity investments, financial liabilities under the fair value option, and the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. In addition, the FASB clarified guidance related to the valuation allowance assessment when recognizing deferred tax assets resulting from unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities. The accounting for other financial instruments, such as loans, investments in debt securities, and financial liabilities is largely unchanged. The treatment of gains and losses for all equity securities, including those without a readily determinable market value, is expected to result in additional volatility in the income statement, with the loss of mark to market via equity for these investments. Additionally, changes in the allowable method for determining the fair value of financial instruments in the financial statement footnotes (“exit price” only) require changes to current methodologies of determining these values, and how they are disclosed in the financial statement footnotes. The new standard applies to public business entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this update on January 1, 2018. With the elimination of the classification of available for sale equity securities, the net unrealized gain or loss on these securities that had been included in accumulated other comprehensive income at December 31, 2017, in the amount of $57,000, has been transferred to retained earnings, as shown in the consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity. Changes in the fair value of equity securities with readily determinable fair values are now reflected in the noninterest income portion of the consolidated statements of income, in the other gains (losses) line item. In accordance with the ASU requirements, the Company measured the fair value of its loan portfolio as of December 31, 2018 using an exit price notion. See Note 20. “Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements” to our consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Guidance Pending Adoption at December 31, 2018
In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The guidance in this update is meant to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The core principle of Topic 842 is that a lessee should recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases. All leases create an asset and a liability for the lessee in accordance with FASB Concepts Statement No. 6, Elements of Financial Statements, and, therefore, recognition of those lease assets and lease liabilities represents an improvement over previous GAAP, which did not require lease assets and lease liabilities to be recognized for most leases. Disclosures are required by lessees and lessors to meet the objective of enabling users of financial statements to assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. To meet that objective, qualitative disclosures along with specific quantitative disclosures are required. The new standard applies to public business entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company elected the cumulative effect approach which was applied on January 1, 2019. The Company also elected certain relief options offered in ASU 2016-02 including the package of practical expedients, the option not to separate lease and non-lease components and instead

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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

to account for them as a single lease component, and the option not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities that arise from short-term leases (i.e., leases with terms of twelve months or less). The Company elected the hindsight practical expedient, which allows entities to use hindsight when determining lease term and impairment of right-of-use assets. The Company has several lease agreements, such as branch locations, which are currently considered operating leases, and therefore not recognized on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The new guidance requires these lease agreements to now be recognized on the consolidated balance sheets as right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and a corresponding lease liability, and the Company has implemented new software to aid in the transition. Adoption of the standard resulted in the recognition of additional ROU assets and lease liabilities for operating leases of approximately $2.9 million as of January 1, 2019.

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This ASU significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. In issuing the standard, the FASB responds to criticism that current guidance delays recognition of credit losses. The standard will replace today’s “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model. The new model, referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model, will apply to: (1) financial assets subject to credit losses and measured at amortized cost, and (2) certain off-balance sheet credit exposures. This includes, but is not limited to, loans, leases, held-to-maturity securities, loan commitments, and financial guarantees. The CECL model does not apply to available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities. For AFS debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to what they do today, except that the credit losses will be recognized as allowances rather than reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. As a result, entities will recognize improvements to estimated credit losses immediately in earnings rather than as interest income over time, as they do today. The ASU also simplifies the accounting model for purchased credit-impaired debt securities and loans. ASU 2016-13 also expands the disclosure requirements regarding an entity’s assumptions, models, and methods for estimating the allowance for loan and lease losses. In addition, entities will need to disclose the amortized cost balance for each class of financial asset by credit quality indicator, disaggregated by the year of origination. ASU No. 2016-13 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019; early adoption is permitted for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Entities will apply the standard’s provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective (i.e., modified retrospective approach). The Company has formed a working group to evaluate the impact of the standard’s adoption on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, and has selected a third-party vendor to assist with implementation. The team meets periodically to discuss the latest developments, ensure progress is being made, and keep current on evolving interpretations and industry practices related to ASU 2016-13. The Company’s preliminary evaluation indicates the provisions of ASU No. 2016-13 are expected to impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements, in particular the level of the reserve for credit losses. The Company is continuing to evaluate the extent of the potential impact.

In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. The amendments in this update modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, including the consideration of costs and benefits. Four disclosure requirements were removed, three were modified, and two were added. In addition, the amendments eliminate “at a minimum” from the phrase “an entity shall disclose at a minimum” to promote the appropriate exercise of discretion by entities when considering fair value measurement disclosures and to clarify that materiality is an appropriate consideration of entities and their auditors when evaluating disclosure requirements. The amendments in this update are effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. Early adoption is permitted. An entity is permitted to early adopt any removed or modified disclosures and delay adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date. The Company is considering the early adoption of removed and modified disclosures. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.


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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 2.
Investment Securities

The amortized cost and fair value of investment debt securities available for sale, with gross unrealized gains and losses, are as follows:
 
 
 
Gross
 
Gross
 
 
 
Amortized
 
Unrealized
 
Unrealized
 
Estimated
 
Cost
 
Gains
 
Losses
 
Fair Value
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Government agencies and corporations
$
5,522

 
$
—

 
$
27

 
$
5,495

State and political subdivisions
121,403

 
877

 
379

 
121,901

Mortgage-backed securities
51,625

 
100

 
1,072

 
50,653

Collateralized mortgage obligations
176,134

 
220

 
6,426

 
169,928

Corporate debt securities
67,077

 
64

 
1,017

 
66,124

Total debt securities
$
421,761

 
$
1,261

 
$
8,921

 
$
414,101

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Government agencies and corporations
$
15,716

 
$
—

 
$
90

 
$
15,626

State and political subdivisions
139,561

 
2,475

 
197

 
141,839

Mortgage-backed securities
48,744

 
181

 
428

 
48,497

Collateralized mortgage obligations
173,339

 
29

 
5,172

 
168,196

Corporate debt securities
71,562

 
31

 
427

 
71,166

Total debt securities
$
448,922

 
$
2,716

 
$
6,314

 
$
445,324



The amortized cost and fair value of investment debt securities held to maturity, with gross unrealized gains and losses, are as follows:
 
 
 
Gross
 
Gross
 
 
 
Amortized
 
Unrealized
 
Unrealized
 
Estimated
 
Cost
 
Gains
 
Losses
 
Fair Value
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
State and political subdivisions
$
131,177

 
$
314

 
$
2,437

 
$
129,054

Mortgage-backed securities
11,016

 
1

 
331

 
10,686

Collateralized mortgage obligations
18,527

 
—

 
669

 
17,858

Corporate debt securities
35,102

 
331

 
467

 
34,966

Total debt securities
$
195,822

 
$
646

 
$
3,904

 
$
192,564

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Government agencies and corporations
$
10,049

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
10,049

State and political subdivisions
126,413

 
804

 
1,631

 
125,586

Mortgage-backed securities
1,906

 
4

 
13

 
1,897

Collateralized mortgage obligations
22,115

 
—

 
707

 
21,408

Corporate debt securities
35,136

 
548

 
281

 
35,403

Total debt securities
$
195,619

 
$
1,356

 
$
2,632

 
$
194,343



Investment securities with a carrying value of $197.2 million and $237.4 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, were pledged on public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and for other purposes, as required or permitted by law.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company owned $0.3 million of equity securities in banks and financial service-related companies, and $2.4 million of mutual funds invested in debt securities and other debt instruments that will cause units of the fund to be deemed to be qualified under the Community Reinvestment Act. Prior to January 1, 2018, we accounted for our marketable equity securities at fair value with unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income on the balance

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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

sheet. Realized gains and losses on marketable equity securities sold or impaired were recognized in noninterest income. Effective with the January 1, 2018 adoption of ASU 2016-01, both the realized and unrealized net gains and losses on equity securities are required to be recognized in the statements of income. A breakdown between net realized and unrealized gains and losses is provided later in this financial statement footnote. These net changes are included in the other gain line item in the noninterest income section of the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The summary of investment securities shows that some of the debt securities in the available for sale and held to maturity investment portfolios had unrealized losses, or were temporarily impaired, as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. This temporary impairment represents the estimated amount of loss that would be realized if the securities were sold on the valuation date.

The following tables present information pertaining to debt securities with gross unrealized losses as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position:
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2018
Number
of
Securities
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
Available for Sale
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
(in thousands, except number of securities)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Government agencies and corporations
2

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
5,495

 
$
27

 
$
5,495

 
$
27

State and political subdivisions
75

 
27,508

 
121

 
12,140

 
258

 
39,648

 
379

Mortgage-backed securities
24

 
1,893

 
15

 
44,882

 
1,057

 
46,775

 
1,072

Collateralized mortgage obligations
40

 
3,906

 
75

 
134,742

 
6,351

 
138,648

 
6,426

Corporate debt securities
11

 
—

 
—

 
58,040

 
1,017

 
58,040

 
1,017

Total
152

 
$
33,307

 
$
211

 
$
255,299

 
$
8,710

 
$
288,606

 
$
8,921

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2017
 
Number
of
Securities
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
 
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
(in thousands, except number of securities)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Government agencies and corporations
3

 
$
15,626

 
$
90

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
15,626

 
$
90

State and political subdivisions
34

 
11,705

 
167

 
1,800

 
30

 
13,505

 
197

Mortgage-backed securities
20

 
37,964

 
359

 
3,961

 
69

 
41,925

 
428

Collateralized mortgage obligations
35

 
37,881

 
489

 
122,757

 
4,683

 
160,638

 
5,172

Corporate debt securities
12

 
55,340

 
298

 
8,778

 
129

 
64,118

 
427

Total
104

 
$
158,516

 
$
1,403

 
$
137,296

 
$
4,911

 
$
295,812

 
$
6,314


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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 
 
 
As of December 31, 2018
Number
of
Securities
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
Held to Maturity
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
(in thousands, except number of securities)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
State and political subdivisions
223

 
$
20,905

 
$
130

 
$
56,154

 
$
2,307

 
$
77,059

 
$
2,437

Mortgage-backed securities
6

 
9,486

 
298

 
1,138

 
33

 
10,624

 
331

Collateralized mortgage obligations
8

 
—

 
—

 
17,849

 
669

 
17,849

 
669

Corporate debt securities
5

 
8,177

 
181

 
5,685

 
286

 
13,862

 
467

Total
242

 
$
38,568

 
$
609

 
$
80,826

 
$
3,295

 
$
119,394

 
$
3,904

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2017
 
Number
of
Securities
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
 
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses 
(in thousands, except number of securities)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
State and political subdivisions
167

 
$
33,237

 
$
393

 
$
25,843

 
$
1,238

 
$
59,080

 
$
1,631

Mortgage-backed securities
4

 
349

 
2

 
887

 
11

 
1,236

 
13

Collateralized mortgage obligations
7

 
5,221

 
90

 
16,168

 
617

 
21,389

 
707

Corporate debt securities
3

 
3,093

 
4

 
2,617

 
277

 
5,710

 
281

Total
181

 
$
41,900

 
$
489

 
$
45,515

 
$
2,143

 
$
87,415

 
$
2,632



The Company's assessment of OTTI is based on its reasonable judgment of the specific facts and circumstances impacting each individual security at the time such assessments are made. The Company reviews and considers factual information, including expected cash flows, the structure of the security, the creditworthiness of the issuer, the type of underlying assets and the current and anticipated market conditions.

At December 31, 2018, approximately 54% of the municipal obligations held by the Company were Iowa-based, and approximately 25% were Minnesota-based. The Company does not intend to sell these municipal obligations, and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell them until the recovery of their cost. Due to the issuers’ continued satisfaction of their obligations under the securities in accordance with their contractual terms and the expectation that they will continue to do so, management’s intent and ability to hold these securities for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value, as well as the evaluation of the fundamentals of the issuers’ financial conditions and other objective evidence, the Company believes that the municipal obligations identified in the tables above were temporarily impaired as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.

At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company’s mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations portfolios consisted of securities predominantly backed by one- to four-family mortgage loans and underwritten to the standards of and guaranteed by the following government-sponsored agencies: the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, the Federal National Mortgage Association, and the Government National Mortgage Association. The receipt of principal, at par, and interest on mortgage-backed securities is guaranteed by the respective government-sponsored agency guarantor, such that the Company believes that its mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations do not expose the Company to credit-related losses and that these securities had no OTTI.

At December 31, 2018 and 2017, all but one of the Company’s corporate bonds held an investment grade rating from Moody’s, S&P or Kroll, or carried a guarantee from an agency of the US government. We have evaluated  financial statements of the company issuing the non-investment grade bond and found the company’s earnings and equity position to be satisfactory and in line with industry norms. Therefore, we believe the low market value of this investment is temporary and expect to receive all contractual payments. The internal evaluation of the non-investment grade bond along with the investment grade ratings on the remainder of the corporate portfolio lead us to conclude that all of the corporate bonds in our portfolio will continue to pay according to their contractual terms. Since the Company has the ability and intent to hold securities until price recovery, we believe that there is no other-than-temporary-impairment of in the corporate bond portfolio.


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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

During the first quarter of 2017 as part of the Company’s annual review and analysis of municipal investments, $1.2 million of municipal bonds from a single issuer in the held to maturity portfolio, which did not carry a credit rating from one of the major statistical rating agencies, were identified as having an elevated level of credit risk. While the instruments were currently making payments as agreed, certain financial trends were identified that provided material doubt as to the ability of the entity to continue to service the debt in the future. The investment securities were classified as “watch,” and the Company’s asset and liability management committee were notified of the situation. In early March 2017 the Company learned of a potential buyer for the investments and a bid to purchase was received and accepted. Investment securities designated as held to maturity may generally not be sold without calling into question the Company’s stated intention to hold other debt securities to maturity in the future (“tainting”), unless certain conditions are met that provide for an exception to accounting policy. One of these exceptions, as outlined under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 320-10-25-6(a), allows for the sale of an investment that is classified as held to maturity due to significant deterioration of the issuer’s creditworthiness. Since the bonds had been internally classified as “watch” due to credit deterioration, the Company believes that the sale was in accordance with the allowable provisions of ASC 320-10-25-6(a), and as such, does not “taint” the remainder of the held to maturity portfolio. A small gain was realized on the sale. During the fourth quarter of 2017, a single issuer of $0.6 million of municipal bonds in the held to maturity portfolio exercised a call option, resulting in the realization of a small gain.

It is reasonably possible that the fair values of the Company’s investment securities could decline in the future if interest rates increase or the overall economy or the financial conditions of the issuers deteriorate. As a result, there is a risk that OTTI may be recognized in the future, and any such amounts could be material to the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

The contractual maturity distribution of investment debt securities at December 31, 2018, is summarized as follows:
 
Available For Sale
 
Held to Maturity
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair Value
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Due in one year or less
$
23,370

 
$
23,346

 
$
733

 
$
733

Due after one year through five years
100,859

 
100,040

 
24,503

 
24,195

Due after five years through ten years
64,135

 
64,506

 
104,117

 
102,836

Due after ten years
5,638

 
5,628

 
36,926

 
36,256

Debt securities without a single maturity date
227,759

 
220,581

 
29,543

 
28,544

Total
$
421,761

 
$
414,101

 
$
195,822

 
$
192,564



Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations are collateralized by mortgage loans and guaranteed by U.S. government agencies. Our experience has indicated that principal payments will be collected sooner than scheduled because of prepayments. Therefore, these securities are not scheduled in the maturity categories indicated above.

Proceeds from the sales of investment securities available for sale during 2018 were $14.5 million. During 2017 there was $22.5 million of sales of investment securities available for sale, while in 2016 there was $23.4 million of sales of investment securities available for sale.

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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Realized gains and losses on sales are determined on the basis of specific identification of investments based on the trade date. Realized gains (losses) on investments, including impairment losses for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, were as follows:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities available for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
Gross realized gains
$
203

 
$
199

 
$
469

Gross realized losses
(6
)
 
(11
)
 
(5
)
Net realized gain
$
197

 
$
188

 
$
464

Debt securities held to maturity:
 
 
 
 
 
Gross realized gains
$
—

 
$
53

 
$
—

Gross realized losses
(4
)
 
—

 
—

Net realized gain (loss)
$
(4
)
 
$
53

 
$
—

Total net realized gain on sale or call of debt securities
$
193

 
$
241

 
$
464



The following tables present the net gains and losses on equity investments during the year ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 disaggregated into realized and unrealized gains and losses:
 
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Net losses recognized
$
(83
)
 
$
—

 
$
—

Less: Net gains and losses recognized due to sales
—

 
—

 
—

Unrealized losses on securities still held at the reporting date
$
(83
)
 
$
—

 
$
—


Gains and losses on equity securities is included in other gain on the consolidated statements of income.

Note 3.
Loans Receivable and the Allowance for Loan Losses

The composition of allowance for loan losses and loans by portfolio segment and based on impairment method are as follows:
 
Recorded Investment in Loan Receivables and Allowance for Loan Losses
 
As of December 31, 2018
(in thousands)
Agricultural
 
Commercial and Industrial
 
Commercial Real Estate
 
Residential Real Estate
 
Consumer
 
Total
Loans receivable
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
4,090

 
$
8,957

 
$
7,957

 
$
1,760

 
$
24

 
$
22,788

Collectively evaluated for impairment
92,866

 
524,182

 
1,246,589

 
455,941

 
39,404

 
2,358,982

Purchased credit impaired loans
—

 
49

 
12,782

 
4,178

 
—

 
17,009

Total
$
96,956

 
$
533,188

 
$
1,267,328

 
$
461,879

 
$
39,428

 
$
2,398,779

Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
322

 
$
2,159

 
$
2,683

 
$
120

 
$
—

 
$
5,284

Collectively evaluated for impairment
3,315

 
5,318

 
12,232

 
1,753

 
208

 
22,826

Purchased credit impaired loans
—

 
1

 
720

 
476

 
—

 
1,197

Total
$
3,637

 
$
7,478

 
$
15,635

 
$
2,349

 
$
208

 
$
29,307


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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 
As of December 31, 2017
(in thousands)
Agricultural
 
Commercial and Industrial
 
Commercial Real Estate
 
Residential Real Estate
 
Consumer
 
Total
Loans receivable
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
2,969

 
$
9,734

 
$
10,386

 
$
3,722

 
$
—

 
$
26,811

Collectively evaluated for impairment
102,543

 
493,844

 
1,147,133

 
460,475

 
36,158

 
2,240,153

Purchased credit impaired loans
—

 
46

 
14,452

 
5,233

 
—

 
19,731

Total
$
105,512

 
$
503,624

 
$
1,171,971

 
$
469,430

 
$
36,158

 
$
2,286,695

Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
140

 
$
1,126

 
$
2,157

 
$
226

 
$
—

 
$
3,649

Collectively evaluated for impairment
2,650

 
7,392

 
11,144

 
2,182

 
244

 
23,612

Purchased credit impaired loans
—

 
—

 
336

 
462

 
—

 
798

Total
$
2,790

 
$
8,518

 
$
13,637

 
$
2,870

 
$
244

 
$
28,059



As of December 31, 2018, the gross purchased credit impaired loans included above were $17.9 million, with a discount of $0.9 million. As of December 31, 2017 the gross purchased credit impaired loans included above were $21.5 million, with a discount of $1.7 million.

Loans with unpaid principal in the amount of $444.6 million and $477.6 million at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, were pledged to the FHLB as collateral for borrowings.

The changes in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment are as follows:
 
Allowance for Loan Loss Activity
 
For the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016
(in thousands)
Agricultural
 
Commercial and Industrial
 
Commercial Real Estate
 
Residential Real Estate
 
Consumer
 
Unallocated
 
Total
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
2,790

 
$
8,518

 
$
13,637

 
$
2,870

 
$
244

 
$
—

 
$
28,059

Charge-offs
(656
)
 
(2,752
)
 
(2,901
)
 
(113
)
 
(618
)
 
—

 
(7,040
)
Recoveries
67

 
291

 
290

 
288

 
52

 
—

 
988

Provision (negative provision)
1,436

 
1,421

 
4,609

 
(696
)
 
530

 
—

 
7,300

Ending balance
$
3,637

 
$
7,478

 
$
15,635

 
$
2,349

 
$
208

 
$
—

 
$
29,307

2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
2,003

 
$
6,274

 
$
9,860

 
$
3,458

 
$
255

 
$
—

 
$
21,850

Charge-offs
(1,202
)
 
(2,338
)
 
(7,931
)
 
(305
)
 
(257
)
 
—

 
(12,033
)
Recoveries
187

 
232

 
291

 
180

 
18

 
—

 
908

Provision (negative provision)
1,802

 
4,350

 
11,417

 
(463
)
 
228

 
—

 
17,334

Ending balance
$
2,790

 
$
8,518

 
$
13,637

 
$
2,870

 
$
244

 
$
—

 
$
28,059

2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
1,417

 
$
5,451

 
$
8,556

 
$
3,968

 
$
409

 
$
(374
)
 
$
19,427

Charge-offs
(1,204
)
 
(3,066
)
 
(931
)
 
(782
)
 
(98
)
 
—

 
(6,081
)
Recoveries
33

 
124

 
192

 
157

 
15

 
—

 
521

Provision (negative provision)
1,757

 
3,765

 
2,043

 
115

 
(71
)
 
374

 
7,983

Ending balance
$
2,003

 
$
6,274

 
$
9,860

 
$
3,458

 
$
255

 
$
—

 
$
21,850



Loan Portfolio Segment Risk Characteristics
Agricultural - Agricultural loans, most of which are secured by crops, livestock, and machinery, are provided to finance capital improvements and farm operations as well as acquisitions of livestock and machinery. The ability of the borrower to repay may be affected by many factors outside of the borrower’s control including adverse weather conditions, loss of livestock due to disease or other factors, declines in market prices for agricultural products and the impact of government regulations. The ultimate repayment of agricultural loans is dependent upon the profitable operation or management of the agricultural entity. Collateral for these loans generally includes accounts receivable, inventory, equipment and real estate. However, depending on the overall financial condition of the borrower, some loans are made on an unsecured basis. The collateral securing these loans may depreciate over time, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based on the success of the business.

Commercial and Industrial - Commercial and industrial loans are primarily made based on the reported cash flow of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The collateral support provided by the borrower for most

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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

of these loans and the probability of repayment are based on the liquidation of the pledged collateral and enforcement of a personal guarantee, if any exists. The primary repayment risks of commercial and industrial loans are that the cash flows of the borrower may be unpredictable, and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. The size of the loans the Company can offer to commercial customers is less than the size of the loans that competitors with larger lending limits can offer. This may limit the Company’s ability to establish relationships with the largest businesses in the areas in which the Company operates. As a result, the Company may assume greater lending risks than financial institutions that have a lesser concentration of such loans and tend to make loans to larger businesses. Collateral for these loans generally includes accounts receivable, inventory, equipment and real estate. However, depending on the overall financial condition of the borrower, some loans are made on an unsecured basis. The collateral securing these loans may depreciate over time, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based on the success of the business. In addition, a decline in the U.S. economy could harm or continue to harm the businesses of the Company’s commercial and industrial customers and reduce the value of the collateral securing these loans.

Commercial Real Estate - The Company offers mortgage loans to commercial and agricultural customers for the acquisition of real estate used in their businesses, such as offices, warehouses and production facilities, and to real estate investors for the acquisition of apartment buildings, retail centers, office buildings and other commercial buildings. The market value of real estate securing commercial real estate loans can fluctuate significantly in a short period of time as a result of market conditions in the geographic area in which the real estate is located. Adverse developments affecting real estate values in one or more of the Company’s markets could increase the credit risk associated with its loan portfolio. Additionally, real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts than other loans, and the repayment of the loans generally is dependent, in large part, on sufficient income from the properties securing the loans to cover operating expenses and debt service. Economic events or governmental regulations outside of the Company’s control or that of the borrower could negatively impact the future cash flow and market values of the affected properties.

Residential Real Estate - The Company generally retains short-term residential mortgage loans that are originated for its own portfolio but sells most long-term loans to other parties while retaining servicing rights on the majority of those loans. The market value of real estate securing residential real estate loans can fluctuate as a result of market conditions in the geographic area in which the real estate is located. Adverse developments affecting real estate values in one or more of the Company’s markets could increase the credit risk associated with its loan portfolio. Additionally, real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts than other loans, and the repayment of the loans generally is dependent, in large part, on the borrower’s continuing financial stability, and is therefore more likely to be affected by adverse personal circumstances.

Consumer - Consumer loans typically have shorter terms, lower balances, higher yields and higher risks of default than real estate-related loans. Consumer loan collections are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability, and are therefore more likely to be affected by adverse personal circumstances. Collateral for these loans generally includes automobiles, boats, recreational vehicles, mobile homes, and real estate. However, depending on the overall financial condition of the borrower, some loans are made on an unsecured basis. The collateral securing these loans may depreciate over time, may be difficult to recover and may fluctuate in value based on condition. In addition, a decline in the United States economy could result in reduced employment, impacting the ability of customers to repay their obligations.

Purchased Loans Policy
All purchased loans (nonimpaired and impaired) are initially measured at fair value as of the acquisition date in accordance with applicable authoritative accounting guidance. Credit discounts are included in the determination of fair value. An allowance for loan losses is not recorded at the acquisition date for loans purchased.

Individual loans acquired through the completion of a transfer, including loans that have evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and for which it is probable, at acquisition, that the Company will be unable to collect all contractually required payments receivable, are referred to herein as “purchased credit impaired loans.” In determining the acquisition date fair value and estimated credit losses of purchased credit impaired loans, and in subsequent accounting, the Company accounts for loans individually. Contractually required payments for interest and principal that exceed the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition, or the “nonaccretable difference,” are not recognized as a yield adjustment or as a loss accrual or valuation allowance. Expected cash flows at the purchase date in excess of the fair value of loans, if any, are recorded as interest income over the expected life of the loans if the timing and amount of future cash flows are reasonably estimable. Subsequent to the purchase date, increases in cash flows over those expected at the purchase date are recognized as interest income prospectively. The present value of any decreases in expected cash flows after the purchase date is recognized by recording an allowance for loan losses and a provision for loan losses. If the Company does not have the information necessary to reasonably estimate cash flows to be expected, it may use the cost-recovery method or cash-basis method of income recognition.

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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Charge-off Policy
The Company requires a loan to be charged-off, in whole or in part, as soon as it becomes apparent that some loss will be incurred, or when its collectability is sufficiently questionable that it no longer is considered a bankable asset. The primary considerations when determining if and how much of a loan should be charged-off are as follows: (1) the potential for future cash flows; (2) the value of any collateral; and (3) the strength of any co-makers or guarantors.

When it is determined that a loan requires a partial or full charge-off, a request for approval of a charge-off is submitted to the Company's President, Senior Vice President and Chief Credit Officer, and the Senior Regional Loan officer. The Bank's board of directors formally approves all loan charge-offs. Once a loan is charged-off, it cannot be restructured and returned to the Company's books.

The Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
The Company requires the maintenance of an adequate allowance for loan and lease losses (“ALLL”) in order to cover estimated probable losses without eroding the Company’s capital base. Calculations are done at each quarter end, or more frequently if warranted, to analyze the collectability of loans and to ensure the adequacy of the allowance. In line with FDIC directives, the ALLL calculation does not include consideration of loans held for sale or off-balance-sheet credit exposures (such as unfunded letters of credit). Determining the appropriate level for the ALLL relies on the informed judgment of management, and as such, is subject to inexactness. Given the inherently imprecise nature of calculating the necessary ALLL, the Company’s policy permits the actual ALLL to be between 20% above and 5% below the “indicated reserve.”

Loans Reviewed Individually for Impairment
The Company identifies loans to be reviewed and evaluated individually for impairment based on current information and events and the probability that the borrower will be unable to repay all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Specific areas of consideration include: size of credit exposure, risk rating, delinquency, nonaccrual status, and loan classification.

The level of individual impairment is measured using one of the following methods: (1) the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell; (2) the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan's effective interest rate; or (3) the loan's observable market price. Loans that are deemed fully collateralized or have been charged down to a level corresponding with any of the three measurements require no assignment of reserves from the ALLL.

A loan modification is a change in an existing loan contract that has been agreed to by the borrower and the Bank, which may or may not be a troubled debt restructure or “TDR.” All loans deemed TDR are considered impaired. A loan is considered a TDR when, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, a concession is granted to the borrower that would not otherwise be considered. Both financial distress on the part of the borrower and the Bank’s granting of a concession, which are detailed further below, must be present in order for the loan to be considered a TDR.

All of the following factors are indicators that the debtor is experiencing financial difficulties (one or more items may be present):

•
The debtor is currently in default on any of its debt.
•
The debtor has declared or is in the process of declaring bankruptcy.
•
There is significant doubt as to whether the debtor will continue to be a going concern.
•
Currently, the debtor has securities being held as collateral that have been delisted, are in the process of being delisted, or are under threat of being delisted from an exchange.
•
Based on estimates and projections that only encompass the current business capabilities, the debtor forecasts that its entity-specific cash flows will be insufficient to service the debt (both interest and principal) in accordance with the contractual terms of the existing agreement through maturity.
•
Absent the current modification, the debtor cannot obtain funds from sources other than the existing creditors at an effective interest rate equal to the current market interest rate for similar debt for a non-troubled debtor.

The following factors are potential indicators that a concession has been granted (one or multiple items may be present):

•
The borrower receives a reduction of the stated interest rate for the remaining original life of the debt.
•
The borrower receives an extension of the maturity date or dates at a stated interest rate lower that the current market interest rate for new debt with similar risk characteristics.

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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

•
The borrower receives a reduction of the face amount or maturity amount of the debt as stated in the instrument or other agreement.
•
The borrower receives a deferral of required payments (principal and/or interest).
•
The borrower receives a reduction of the accrued interest.

The following table sets forth information on the Company's TDRs by class of financing receivable occurring during the stated periods. TDRs may include multiple concessions, and the disclosure classifications in the table are based on the primary concession provided to the borrower.
 
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
Number of Contracts
 
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
 
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
 
Number of Contracts
 
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
 
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
 
Number of Contracts
 
Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
 
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Troubled Debt Restructurings(1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agricultural
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Extended maturity date
0
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
0
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
1
 
$
25

 
$
25

Commercial and industrial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Extended maturity date
0
 
—

 
—

 
6
 
2,037

 
2,083

 
0
 
—

 
—

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Farmland
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Extended maturity date
1
 
86

 
86

 
2
 
176

 
176

 
0
 
—

 
—

Commercial real estate-other
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Extended maturity date
0
 
—

 
—

 
2
 
4,276

 
4,276

 
0
 
—

 
—

Other
0
 
—

 
—

 
1
 
10,546

 
10,923

 
1
 
1,000

 
700

Residential real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four- family first liens
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate reduction
0
 
—

 
—

 
0
 
—

 
—

 
2
 
394

 
394

Extended maturity date
1
 
39

 
46

 
0
 
—

 
—

 
0
 
—

 
—

One- to four- family junior liens
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate reduction
0
 
—

 
—

 
0
 
—

 
—

 
1
 
71

 
71

Total
2
 
$
125

 
$
132

 
11
 
$
17,035

 
$
17,458

 
5
 
$
1,490

 
$
1,190

(1) TDRs may include multiple concessions, and the disclosure classifications are based on the primary concession provided to the borrower.
Loans by class of financing receivable modified as TDRs within the previous 12 months and for which there was a payment default during the stated periods were:
 
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
Number of Contracts
 
Recorded Investment
 
Number of Contracts
 
Recorded Investment
 
Number of Contracts
 
Recorded Investment
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Troubled Debt Restructurings(1) That Subsequently Defaulted:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Extended maturity date
0
 
$
—

 
4
 
$
1,504

 
0
 
$
—

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate-other
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Extended maturity date
1
 
46

 
1
 
968

 
0
 
—

Total
1
 
$
46

 
5
 
$
2,472

 
0
 
$
—


(1) TDRs may include multiple concessions, and the disclosure classifications are based on the primary concession provided to the borrower.
Loans Reviewed Collectively for Impairment
All loans not evaluated individually for impairment will be separated into homogeneous pools to be collectively evaluated. Loans will be first grouped into the various loan types (i.e. commercial, agricultural, consumer, etc.) and further segmented within each subset by risk classification (i.e. pass, special mention/watch, and substandard). Homogeneous loans past due 60-89 days and 90 days or more are classified special mention/watch and substandard, respectively, for allocation purposes.

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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Company's historical loss experience for each loan type is calculated using the fiscal quarter-end data for the most recent 20 quarters as a starting point for estimating losses. In addition, other prevailing qualitative or environmental factors likely to cause probable losses to vary from historical data are incorporated in the form of adjustments to increase or decrease the loss rate applied to each group. These adjustments are documented and fully explain how the current information, events, circumstances, and conditions impact the historical loss measurement assumptions.

Although not a comprehensive list, the following are considered key factors and are evaluated with each calculation of the ALLL to determine if adjustments to historical loss rates are warranted:

•
Changes in national and local economic and business conditions and developments that affect the collectability of the portfolio, including the condition of various market segments.
•
Changes in the quality and experience of lending staff and management.
•
Changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices not considered elsewhere in estimating credit losses.
•
Changes in the volume and severity of past due loans, classified loans and non-performing loans.
•
The existence and potential impact of any concentrations of credit.
•
Changes in the nature and terms of loans such as growth rates and utilization rates.
•
Changes in the value of underlying collateral for collateral-dependent loans, considering the Company’s disposition bias.
•
The effect of other external factors such as the legal and regulatory environment.

The Company may also consider other qualitative factors for additional allowance allocations, including changes in the Company’s loan review process. Changes in the criteria used in this evaluation or the availability of new information could cause the allowance to be increased or decreased in future periods. In addition, bank regulatory agencies, as part of their examination process, may require adjustments to the allowance for loan losses based on their judgments and estimates.

In addition to the qualitative factors identified above, the Bank applies a qualitative adjustment to each Watch and Substandard risk-rated portfolio segment. Prior to December 31, 2018, that certain factor was measured as the greater of the actual historical loss rate for that segment as measured over a 20-quarter loss accumulation period or the average loss rate observed across all such risk-rated segments over that same period. At December 31, 2018, to better align the Bank’s loan credit loss estimate with its actual credit loss experience, management changed the application of that certain Watch and Substandard qualitative factor to be the actual historical loss rate for each segment. That adjustment reduced the Bank’s estimate of loan credit losses by $1.2 million at December 31, 2018 and improved consolidated net income by approximately $0.9 million, or $0.08 per diluted common share, for the year ended December 31, 2018.



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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table sets forth the risk category of loans by class of loans and credit quality indicator based on the most recent analysis performed, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:
 
Pass
 
Special Mention/Watch
 
Substandard
 
Doubtful
 
Loss
 
Total
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agricultural
$
74,126

 
$
12,960

 
$
9,870

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
96,956

Commercial and industrial
499,042

 
13,583

 
20,559

 
4

 
—

 
533,188

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction & development
215,625

 
1,069

 
923

 
—

 
—

 
217,617

Farmland
72,924

 
4,818

 
11,065

 
—

 
—

 
88,807

Multifamily
133,310

 
1,431

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
134,741

Commercial real estate-other
766,702

 
38,275

 
21,186

 
—

 
—

 
826,163

Total commercial real estate
1,188,561

 
45,593

 
33,174

 
—

 
—

 
1,267,328

Residential real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four- family first liens
335,233

 
2,080

 
4,256

 
261

 
—

 
341,830

One- to four- family junior liens
118,146

 
426

 
1,477

 
—

 
—

 
120,049

Total residential real estate
453,379

 
2,506

 
5,733

 
261

 
—

 
461,879

Consumer
39,357

 
22

 
24

 
25

 
—

 
39,428

Total
$
2,254,465

 
$
74,664

 
$
69,360

 
$
290

 
$
—

 
$
2,398,779

2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agricultural
$
80,377

 
$
21,989

 
$
3,146

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
105,512

Commercial and industrial
453,363

 
23,153

 
27,102

 
6

 
—

 
503,624

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction & development
162,968

 
1,061

 
1,247

 
—

 
—

 
165,276

Farmland
76,740

 
10,357

 
771

 
—

 
—

 
87,868

Multifamily
131,507

 
2,498

 
501

 
—

 
—

 
134,506

Commercial real estate-other
731,231

 
34,056

 
19,034

 
—

 
—

 
784,321

Total commercial real estate
1,102,446

 
47,972

 
21,553

 
—

 
—

 
1,171,971

Residential real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four- family first liens
340,446

 
2,776

 
9,004

 
—

 
—

 
352,226

One- to four- family junior liens
114,763

 
952

 
1,489

 
—

 
—

 
117,204

Total residential real estate
455,209

 
3,728

 
10,493

 
—

 
—

 
469,430

Consumer
36,059

 
—

 
68

 
31

 
—

 
36,158

Total
$
2,127,454

 
$
96,842

 
$
62,362

 
$
37

 
$
—

 
$
2,286,695



Included within the special mention, substandard, and doubtful categories at December 31, 2018 and 2017 were purchased credit impaired loans totaling $8.9 million and $12.6 million, respectively.

Special Mention/Watch - A special mention/watch asset has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Company’s credit position at some future date. Special mention/watch assets are not adversely classified and do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

Substandard - Substandard loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful - Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.


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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Loss - Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may be effected in the future.

The following table presents loans individually evaluated for impairment, excluding purchased credit impaired loans, by class of loan, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:
 
As of December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Recorded Investment
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Related Allowance
 
Recorded Investment
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Related Allowance
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With no related allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agricultural
$
1,999

 
$
2,511

 
$
—

 
$
1,523

 
$
2,023

 
$
—

Commercial and industrial
2,761

 
2,977

 
—

 
7,588

 
7,963

 
—

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction & development
84

 
84

 
—

 
84

 
84

 
—

Farmland
110

 
110

 
—

 
287

 
287

 
—

Multifamily
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial real estate-other
1,533

 
2,046

 
—

 
5,746

 
6,251

 
—

Total commercial real estate
1,727

 
2,240

 
—

 
6,117

 
6,622

 
—

Residential real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four- family first liens
617

 
644

 
—

 
2,449

 
2,482

 
—

One- to four- family junior liens
292

 
293

 
—

 
26

 
26

 
—

Total residential real estate
909

 
937

 
—

 
2,475

 
2,508

 
—

Consumer
24

 
24

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total
$
7,420

 
$
8,689

 
$
—

 
$
17,703

 
$
19,116

 
$
—

With an allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agricultural
$
2,091

 
$
2,097

 
$
322

 
$
1,446

 
$
1,446

 
$
140

Commercial and industrial
6,196

 
8,550

 
2,159

 
2,146

 
2,177

 
1,126

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction & development
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Farmland
2,123

 
2,123

 
662

 
—

 
—

 
—

Multifamily
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial real estate-other
4,107

 
4,365

 
2,021

 
4,269

 
11,536

 
2,157

Total commercial real estate
6,230

 
6,488

 
2,683

 
4,269

 
11,536

 
2,157

Residential real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four- family first liens
851

 
851

 
120

 
979

 
979

 
185

One- to four- family junior liens
—

 
—

 
—

 
268

 
268

 
41

Total residential real estate
851

 
851

 
120

 
1,247

 
1,247

 
226

Consumer
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total
$
15,368

 
$
17,986

 
$
5,284

 
$
9,108

 
$
16,406

 
$
3,649

Total:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agricultural
$
4,090

 
$
4,608

 
$
322

 
$
2,969

 
$
3,469

 
$
140

Commercial and industrial
8,957

 
11,527

 
2,159

 
9,734

 
10,140

 
1,126

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction & development
84

 
84

 
—

 
84

 
84

 
—

Farmland
2,233

 
2,233

 
662

 
287

 
287

 
—

Multifamily
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial real estate-other
5,640

 
6,411

 
2,021

 
10,015

 
17,787

 
2,157

Total commercial real estate
7,957

 
8,728

 
2,683

 
10,386

 
18,158

 
2,157

Residential real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four- family first liens
1,468

 
1,495

 
120

 
3,428

 
3,461

 
185

One- to four- family junior liens
292

 
293

 
—

 
294

 
294

 
41

Total residential real estate
1,760

 
1,788

 
120

 
3,722

 
3,755

 
226

Consumer
24

 
24

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total
$
22,788

 
$
26,675

 
$
5,284

 
$
26,811

 
$
35,522

 
$
3,649



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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table presents the average recorded investment and interest income recognized for loans individually evaluated for impairment, excluding purchased credit impaired loans, by class of loan, during the stated periods:
 
For the Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
Average Recorded Investment
 
Interest Income Recognized
 
Average Recorded Investment
 
Interest Income Recognized
 
Average Recorded Investment
 
Interest Income Recognized
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With no related allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agricultural
$
1,608

 
$
53

 
$
1,585

 
$
66

 
$
3,815

 
$
88

Commercial and industrial
2,607

 
94

 
7,588

 
230

 
6,540

 
79

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction & development
84

 
—

 
364

 
2

 
390

 
54

Farmland
66

 
—

 
1,012

 
58

 
2,389

 
97

Multifamily
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial real estate-other
1,328

 
41

 
5,682

 
233

 
2,243

 
60

Total commercial real estate
1,478

 
41

 
7,058

 
293

 
5,022

 
211

Residential real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four- family first liens
404

 
—

 
2,406

 
84

 
2,430

 
101

One- to four- family junior liens
287

 
—

 
27

 
2

 
—

 
—

Total residential real estate
691

 
—

 
2,433

 
86

 
2,430

 
101

Consumer
5

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total
$
6,389

 
$
189

 
$
18,664

 
$
675

 
$
17,807

 
$
479

With an allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agricultural
$
1,876

 
$
56

 
$
1,457

 
$
44

 
$
1,678

 
$
46

Commercial and industrial
4,991

 
59

 
2,189

 
103

 
5,277

 
74

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction & development
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
263

 
3

Farmland
1,692

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Multifamily
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial real estate-other
2,146

 
190

 
4,275

 
34

 
6,515

 
—

Total commercial real estate
3,838

 
190

 
4,275

 
34

 
6,778

 
3

Residential real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four- family first liens
861

 
32

 
1,030

 
35

 
1,559

 
41

One- to four- family junior liens
—

 
—

 
267

 
5

 
—

 
—

Total residential real estate
861

 
32

 
1,297

 
40

 
1,559

 
41

Consumer
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total
$
11,566

 
$
337

 
$
9,218

 
$
221

 
$
15,292

 
$
164

Total:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agricultural
$
3,484

 
$
109

 
$
3,042

 
$
110

 
$
5,493

 
$
134

Commercial and industrial
7,598

 
153

 
9,777

 
333

 
11,817

 
153

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction & development
84

 
—

 
364

 
2

 
653

 
57

Farmland
1,758

 
—

 
1,012

 
58

 
2,389

 
97

Multifamily
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial real estate-other
3,474

 
231

 
9,957

 
267

 
8,758

 
60

Total commercial real estate
5,316

 
231

 
11,333

 
327

 
11,800

 
214

Residential real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four- family first liens
1,265

 
32

 
3,436

 
119

 
3,989

 
142

One- to four- family junior liens
287

 
—

 
294

 
7

 
—

 
—

Total residential real estate
1,552

 
32

 
3,730

 
126

 
3,989

 
142

Consumer
5

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total
$
17,955

 
$
526

 
$
27,882

 
$
896

 
$
33,099

 
$
643




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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table presents the contractual aging of the recorded investment in past due loans by class of loans at December 31, 2018 and 2017:
 
30 - 59 Days Past Due
 
60 - 89 Days Past Due
 
90 Days or More Past Due
 
Total Past Due
 
Current
 
Total Loans Receivable
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agricultural
$
97

 
$
130

 
$
248

 
$
475

 
$
96,481

 
$
96,956

Commercial and industrial
2,467

 
9

 
4,475

 
6,951

 
526,237

 
533,188

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction & development
42

 
—

 
93

 
135

 
217,482

 
217,617

Farmland
44

 
—

 
529

 
573

 
88,234

 
88,807

Multifamily
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
134,741

 
134,741

Commercial real estate-other
436

 
2,655

 
1,327

 
4,418

 
821,745

 
826,163

Total commercial real estate
522

 
2,655

 
1,949

 
5,126

 
1,262,202

 
1,267,328

Residential real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four- family first liens
1,876

 
1,332

 
977

 
4,185

 
337,645

 
341,830

One- to four- family junior liens
406

 
114

 
474

 
994

 
119,055

 
120,049

Total residential real estate
2,282

 
1,446

 
1,451

 
5,179

 
456,700

 
461,879

Consumer
47

 
16

 
24

 
87

 
39,341

 
39,428

Total
$
5,415

 
$
4,256

 
$
8,147

 
$
17,818

 
$
2,380,961

 
$
2,398,779

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Included in the totals above are the following purchased credit impaired loans
$
295

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
295

 
$
16,714

 
$
17,009

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agricultural
$
95

 
$
118

 
$
168

 
$
381

 
$
105,131

 
$
105,512

Commercial and industrial
1,434

 
1,336

 
1,576

 
4,346

 
499,278

 
503,624

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction & development
57

 
97

 
82

 
236

 
165,040

 
165,276

Farmland
217

 
—

 
373

 
590

 
87,278

 
87,868

Multifamily
—

 
25

 
—

 
25

 
134,481

 
134,506

Commercial real estate-other
74

 
—

 
1,852

 
1,926

 
782,395

 
784,321

Total commercial real estate
348

 
122

 
2,307

 
2,777

 
1,169,194

 
1,171,971

Residential real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four- family first liens
3,854

 
756

 
1,019

 
5,629

 
346,597

 
352,226

One- to four- family junior liens
325

 
770

 
271

 
1,366

 
115,838

 
117,204

Total residential real estate
4,179

 
1,526

 
1,290

 
6,995

 
462,435

 
469,430

Consumer
79

 
15

 
29

 
123

 
36,035

 
36,158

Total
$
6,135

 
$
3,117

 
$
5,370

 
$
14,622

 
$
2,272,073

 
$
2,286,695

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Included in the totals above are the following purchased credit impaired loans
164

 
756

 
553

 
1,473

 
18,258

 
19,731



Non-accrual and Delinquent Loans
Loans are placed on non-accrual when (1) payment in full of principal and interest is no longer expected or (2) principal or interest has been in default for 90 days or more (unless the loan is both well secured with marketable collateral and in the process of collection). All loans rated doubtful or loss, and certain loans rated substandard, are placed on non-accrual.

A non-accrual asset may be restored to an accrual status when (1) all past due principal and interest has been paid (excluding renewals and modifications that involve the capitalizing of interest) or (2) the loan becomes well secured with marketable collateral and is in the process of collection. An established track record of performance is also considered when determining accrual status.

Delinquency status of a loan is determined by the number of days that have elapsed past the loan’s payment due date, using the following classification groupings: 30-59 days, 60-89 days and 90 days or more. Once a TDR has gone 90 days or more past due or is placed on nonaccrual status, it is included in the 90 days or more past due or nonaccrual totals.


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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table sets forth the composition of the Company’s recorded investment in loans on nonaccrual status and past due 90 days or more and still accruing by class of loans, excluding purchased credit impaired loans, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:
 
As of December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Non-Accrual
 
Loans Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing
 
Non-Accrual
 
Loans Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agricultural
$
1,622

 
$
—

 
$
168

 
$
—

Commercial and industrial
9,218

 
—

 
7,124

 
—

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction & development
99

 
—

 
188

 
—

Farmland
2,751

 
—

 
386

 
—

Multifamily
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Commercial real estate-other
4,558

 
—

 
5,279

 
—

Total commercial real estate
7,408

 
—

 
5,853

 
—

Residential real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
One- to four- family first liens
1,049

 
341

 
1,228

 
205

One- to four- family junior liens
465

 
24

 
346

 
2

Total residential real estate
1,514

 
365

 
1,574

 
207

Consumer
162

 
—

 
65

 
—

Total
$
19,924

 
$
365

 
$
14,784

 
$
207



Not included in the loans above as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 were purchased credit impaired loans with an outstanding balance of $0.3 million and $0.7 million, net of a discount of zero and $0.1 million, respectively.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company had no commitments to lend additional funds to any borrowers who have a nonperforming loan.

Purchased Loans
Purchased loans acquired in a business combination are recorded and initially measured at their estimated fair value as of the acquisition date. Credit discounts are included in the determination of fair value. An allowance for loan losses is not carried over. These purchased loans are segregated into two types: purchased credit impaired loans and purchased non-credit impaired loans.

•
Purchased non-credit impaired loans are accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-20 “Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs” as these loans do not have evidence of significant credit deterioration since origination and it is probable all contractually required payments will be received from the borrower.
•
Purchased credit impaired loans are accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-30 “Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality” as they display significant credit deterioration since origination and it is probable, as of the acquisition date, that the Company will be unable to collect all contractually required payments from the borrower.

For purchased non-credit impaired loans the accretable discount is the discount applied to the expected cash flows of the portfolio to account for the differences between the interest rates at acquisition and rates currently expected on similar portfolios in the marketplace. As the accretable discount is accreted to interest income over the expected average life of the portfolio, the result will be interest income on loans at the estimated current market rate. We record a provision for the acquired portfolio as the loans renew and the discount is accreted.

For purchased credit impaired loans the difference between contractually required payments at acquisition and the cash flows expected to be collected is referred to as the non-accretable difference. Further, any excess of cash flows expected at acquisition over the estimated fair value is referred to as the accretable yield and is recognized into interest income over the expected remaining life of the loan if the timing and amount of the future cash flows are reasonably estimable. This discount includes an adjustment on loans that are not accruing or paying contractual interest so that interest income will be recognized at the estimated current market rate.

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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Subsequent to the purchase date, increases in cash flows over those expected at the purchase date are recognized as interest income prospectively. The present value of any decreases in expected cash flows after the purchase date is recognized by recording an allowance for credit losses and a provision for loan losses.

Changes in the accretable yield for loans acquired and accounted for under ASC 310-30 were as follows for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:
 
For the Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
(in thousands)
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
$
840

 
$
1,961

Purchases
—

 
—

Accretion
(802
)
 
(1,711
)
Reclassification from nonaccretable difference (1)
118

 
590

Balance at end of period
$
156

 
$
840


(1) The reclassifications from non-accretable difference are due to increases in estimated cash flows from the related loans.

Note 4.
Derivatives and Hedging Activities

FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”), provides the disclosure requirements for derivatives and hedging activities with the intent to provide users of financial statements with an enhanced understanding of: (a) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (b) how the entity accounts for derivative instruments and related hedged items, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. Further, qualitative disclosures are required that explain the Company’s objectives and strategies for using derivatives, as well as quantitative disclosures about the fair value of and gains and losses on derivative instruments, and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative instruments.

As required by ASC 815, the Company records all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk in a fair value hedge or the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge. The Company may enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain of its risk, even though hedge accounting does not apply or the Company elects not to apply hedge accounting.

The Company does not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.

In accordance with the FASB’s fair value measurement guidance, the Company made an accounting policy election to measure the credit risk of its derivative financial instruments that are subject to master netting agreements on a net basis by counterparty portfolio.

The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s loans and borrowings.


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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table presents the total notional and gross fair value of the Company’s derivatives as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The derivative asset and liability balances are presented on a gross basis, prior to the application of master netting agreements, as included in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets.
 
 
As of December 31, 2018
 
As of December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
 
 
Fair Value
(in thousands)
 
Notional
Amount
 
Derivative
Assets
 
Derivative
Liabilities
 
Notional
Amount
 
Derivative
Assets
 
Derivative
Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
 
$
8,927

 
$
—

 
$
223

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
 
$
13,830

 
$
321

 
$
359

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Risk participation agreements (RPAs)
 
10,112

 
—

 
85

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
 
$
23,942

 
$
321

 
$
444

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—


Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
The Company is exposed to changes in the fair value of certain of its fixed-rate assets due to changes in benchmark interest rates. The Company uses interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to changes in fair value on these instruments attributable to changes in the designated benchmark interest rate, LIBOR. Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges involve the payment of fixed-rate amounts to a counterparty in exchange for the Company receiving variable-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. For derivatives designated and that qualify as fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in interest income.

The table below presents the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments designated as hedging instruments on the consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016:
 
Location and Amount of Gain or Loss Recognized in Income on Fair Value Hedging Relationships
 
For the Years Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
(in thousands)
Interest Income (Expense)
 
Other Gain (Loss)
 
Interest Income (Expense)
 
Other Gain (Loss)
 
Interest Income (Expense)
 
Other Gain (Loss)
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income in which the effects of fair value hedges are recorded
$
(2
)
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The effects of fair value hedging:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gain (Loss) on fair value hedging relationships in subtopic 815-20:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hedged items
221

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Derivative designated as hedging instruments
(223
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—


As of December 31, 2018, the following amounts were recorded on the balance sheet related to cumulative basis adjustment for fair value hedges:
Line Item in the Balance
Sheet in Which the
Hedged Item is Included
 
Carrying Amount of the
Hedged Assets
 
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value
Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Asset
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
Loans
 
$
9,148

 
$
221



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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Interest Rate Swaps -The Company enters into interest rate derivatives, including interest rate swaps with its customers, to allow them to hedge against the risk of rising interest rates by providing fixed rate loans. To economically hedge against the interest rate risks in the products offered to its customers, the Company enters into mirrored interest rate contracts with institutional counterparties, with one designated as a central counterparty. The following table represents the notional amounts and the gross fair values of interest rate derivative contracts outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
 
December 31, 2018
 
Customer Counterparties
 
Financial Counterparties
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
 
 
Fair Value
(in thousands)
Notional Amount
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
Notional Amount
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
Swaps
$
6,915

 
$
321

 
$
—

 
$
6,915

 
$
—

 
$
359

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
Customer Counterparties
 
Financial Counterparties
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
 
 
Fair Value
(in thousands)
Notional Amount
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
Notional Amount
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
Swaps
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Credit Risk Participation Agreements -The Company may periodically enter into RPAs to manage the credit exposure on interest rate contracts associated with a syndicated loan. The Company may enter into protection purchased RPAs with institutional counterparties to decrease or increase its exposure to a borrower. Under the RPA, the Company will receive or make payment if a borrower defaults on the related interest rate contract. The Company manages its credit risk on RPAs by monitoring the creditworthiness of the borrowers and institutional counterparties, which is based on the normal credit review process. The notional amount of the RPAs reflects the Company’s pro-rata share of the derivative instrument. The following table represents the notional amounts and the gross fair values of RPAs purchased and sold outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
 
 
Fair Value
(in thousands)
Notional Amount
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
Notional Amount
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
RPAs - protection purchased
$
10,112

 
$
—

 
$
85

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

The following table presents the net gains (losses) recognized on the consolidated statements of income related to the derivatives not designated as hedging instruments for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016:
 
Location in the Consolidated Statements of Income
 
For the Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Interest rate swaps
Other gain (loss)
 
$
(38
)
 
$
—

 
$
—

RPAs
Other gain (loss)
 
115

 
—

 
—

                Total
 
 
$
77

 
$
—

 
$
—



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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Offsetting of Derivatives
The table below presents a gross presentation, the effects of offsetting, and a net presentation of the Company’s derivatives as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The net amounts of derivative assets or liabilities can be reconciled to the tabular disclosure of fair value. The tabular disclosure of fair value provides the location that derivative assets and liabilities are presented on the consolidated balance sheets.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Balance Sheet
 
 
(in thousands)
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)
 
Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheet
 
Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) presented in the Balance Sheet
 
Financial Instruments
 
Cash Collateral Received (Paid)
 
Net Assets (Liabilities)
As of December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset Derivatives
$
321

 
$
—

 
$
321

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
321

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liability Derivatives
(667
)
 
—

 
(667
)
 
—

 
(530
)
 
(137
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liability Derivatives
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Credit-risk-related Contingent Features
The Company has an unsecured federal funds line with its derivative counterparty. The Company has an agreement with its derivative counterparty that contains a provision under which if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations. The Company also has an agreement with its derivative counterparty that contains a provision under which the Company could be declared in default on its derivative obligations if repayment of the underlying indebtedness is accelerated by the lender due to the Company's default on the indebtedness.

As of December 31, 2018, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk, related to these agreements was $671,000. As of December 31, 2018, the Company has minimum collateral posting thresholds with certain of its derivative counterparties, and has posted $530,000 of collateral related to these agreements. If the Company had breached any of these provisions at December 31, 2018, it could have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements at their termination value of $671,000.

Note 5.
Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:
 
As of December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
(in thousands)
 
 
 
Land
$
12,464

 
$
13,175

Buildings and leasehold improvements
75,775

 
71,057

Furniture and equipment
17,752

 
16,535

Construction in process
95

 
2,658

Premises and equipment
106,086

 
103,425

Accumulated depreciation and amortization
30,313

 
27,456

Premises and equipment, net
$
75,773

 
$
75,969



Premises and equipment depreciation and amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $4.2 million, $4.0 million and $4.5 million, respectively.


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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 6.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired, including core deposit, trade name, and client relationship intangibles, consists of goodwill. Under ASC Topic 350, goodwill and the non-amortizing portion of the trade name intangible are subject to at least annual assessments for impairment by applying a fair value based test. The Company reviews goodwill and the non-amortizing portion of the trade name intangible at the reporting unit level to determine potential impairment annually on October 1, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable, by comparing the carrying value of the reporting unit with the fair value of the reporting unit. We performed an additional valuation analysis at December 31, 2018, and neither analysis showed any impairment of either non-amortizing intangible. No impairment was recorded on either the goodwill or the trade name intangible assets in 2018, 2017, or 2016. The carrying amount of goodwill was $64.7 million at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

During the second quarter of 2018, the Company recognized a $125,000 customer list intangible due to the purchase of a registered investment adviser in the Denver, Colorado area.

Amortization of intangible assets is recorded using an accelerated method based on the estimated useful life of insurance agency intangible, the core deposit intangible, the amortizing portion of the trade name intangible, and the customer list intangible. Projections of amortization expense are based on existing asset balances and the remaining useful lives.

The following tables present the changes in the carrying amount of intangibles (excluding goodwill), gross carrying amount, accumulated amortization, net book value, and weighted average life as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:
 
Insurance Agency Intangible
 
Core Deposit Intangible
 
Indefinite-Lived Trade Name Intangible
 
Finite-Lived Trade Name Intangible
 
Customer List Intangible
 
Total
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
$
148

 
$
4,011

 
$
7,040

 
$
744

 
$
103

 
$
12,046

Intangible assets acquired
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
125

 
125

Amortization expense
(38
)
 
(2,038
)
 
—

 
(188
)
 
(32
)
 
(2,296
)
Balance at end of period
$
110

 
$
1,973

 
$
7,040

 
$
556

 
$
196

 
$
9,875

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross carrying amount
$
1,320

 
$
18,206

 
$
7,040

 
$
1,380

 
$
455

 
$
28,401

Accumulated amortization
(1,210
)
 
(16,233
)
 
—

 
(824
)
 
(259
)
 
(18,526
)
Net book value
$
110

 
$
1,973

 
$
7,040

 
$
556

 
$
196

 
$
9,875

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Remaining weighted average useful life (years)
6

 
2

 
 
 
6

 
5

 
 

 
Insurance Agency Intangible
 
Core Deposit Intangible
 
Indefinite-Lived Trade Name Intangible
 
Finite-Lived Trade Name Intangible
 
Customer List Intangible
 
Total
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
$
203

 
$
6,846

 
$
7,040

 
$
960

 
$
122

 
$
15,171

Amortization expense
(55
)
 
(2,835
)
 
—

 
(216
)
 
(19
)
 
(3,125
)
Balance at end of period
$
148

 
$
4,011

 
$
7,040

 
$
744

 
$
103

 
$
12,046

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross carrying amount
$
1,320

 
$
18,206

 
$
7,040

 
$
1,380

 
$
330

 
$
28,276

Accumulated amortizations
(1,172
)
 
(14,195
)
 
—

 
(636
)
 
(227
)
 
(16,230
)
Net book value
$
148

 
$
4,011

 
$
7,040

 
$
744

 
$
103

 
$
12,046

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Remaining weighted average useful life (years)
6

 
4

 
 
 
7

 
6

 
 



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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table summarizes future amortization expense of intangible assets:
 
Insurance
 
Core
 
Trade
 
Customer
 
 
 
Agency
 
Deposit
 
Name
 
List
 
 
 
Intangible
 
Premium
 
Intangible
 
Intangible
 
Totals
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year ending December 31,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2019
$
21

 
$
1,312

 
$
161

 
$
42

 
$
1,536

2020
20

 
612

 
133

 
41

 
806

2021
19

 
49

 
106

 
40

 
214

2022
18

 
—

 
79

 
39

 
136

2023
17

 
—

 
51

 
25

 
93

Thereafter
15

 
—

 
26

 
9

 
50

Total
$
110

 
$
1,973

 
$
556

 
$
196

 
$
2,835



Note 7.
Other Assets

The components of the Company’s other assets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:
 
As of December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
(in thousands)
 
 
 
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock
$
14,678

 
$
11,324

Prepaid expenses
1,951

 
2,992

Mortgage servicing rights
2,803

 
2,316

Federal and state taxes, current
2,361

 
3,120

Accounts receivable & other miscellaneous assets
6,574

 
3,009

 
$
28,367

 
$
22,761



The Bank is a member of the FHLB of Des Moines, and ownership of FHLB stock is a requirement for such membership. The amount of FHLB stock the Bank is required to hold is directly related to the amount of FHLB advances borrowed. Because this security is not readily marketable and there are no available market values, this security is carried at cost and evaluated for potential impairment each quarter. Redemption of this investment is at the option of the FHLB. 

Note 8.
Loans Serviced for Others

Loans serviced for others are not included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The unpaid principal balances of mortgage and other loans serviced for others were $447.8 million and $432.0 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Servicing loans for others generally consists of collecting mortgage payments, maintaining escrow accounts, disbursing payments to investors and collection and foreclosure processing. Loan servicing income is recorded on the accrual basis and includes servicing fees from investors and certain charges collected from borrowers, such as late payment fees, and is net of fair value adjustments to capitalized mortgage servicing rights.


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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 9.
Deposits

The composition of the Company’s deposits as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:
 
As of December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
(in thousands)
 
 
 
Non-interest-bearing demand
$
439,133

 
$
461,969

NOW and money market
1,239,733

 
1,228,112

Savings
210,416

 
213,430

Certificates of deposit under $250,000
532,395

 
482,940

Certificates of deposit of $250,000 or more
191,252

 
218,868

Total deposits
$
2,612,929

 
$
2,605,319



At December 31, 2018, the scheduled maturities of certificates of deposits were as follows:
(in thousands)
 
2019
$
413,108

2020
176,979

2021
98,939

2022
28,759

2023
5,862

Total
$
723,647



The Company had $8.6 million and $5.3 million in brokered time deposits through the CDARS program as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Included in NOW and money market deposits at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were $23.7 million and $47.9 million, respectively, of brokered deposits in the Insured Cash Sweep (ICS) program. The CDARS and ICS programs coordinate, on a reciprocal basis, a network of banks to spread deposits exceeding the FDIC insurance coverage limits out to numerous institutions in order to provide insurance coverage for all participating deposits.

As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, deposits of governmental entities of $90.4 million and $115.2 million, respectively, required collateralization by acceptable investment securities of the Company.

Note 10.
Short-Term Borrowings

Short-term borrowings were as follows as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
(dollars in thousands)
 
Weighted Average Cost
 
Balance
 
Weighted Average Cost
 
Balance
Federal funds purchased
 
2.60
%
 
$
56,900

 
1.77
%
 
$
1,000

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
 
1.00

 
74,522

 
0.71

 
96,229

Total
 
1.69
%
 
$
131,422

 
0.73
%
 
$
97,229


At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had no borrowings through the Federal Reserve Discount Window, while the borrowing capacity at December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $11.4 million, and $11.5 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Bank had municipal securities with a market value of $12.7 million and $12.8 million, respectively, pledged to the Federal Reserve to secure potential borrowings. The Company also has various other unsecured federal funds agreements with correspondent banks. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, there were $56.9 million and $1.0 million of borrowings through these correspondent bank federal funds agreements, respectively.

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are agreements in which the Company acquires funds by selling assets to another party under a simultaneous agreement to repurchase the same assets at a specified price and date. The Company enters into repurchase agreements and also offers a demand deposit account product to customers that sweeps their balances in excess of an agreed upon target amount into overnight repurchase agreements. All securities sold under agreements to repurchase are recorded on the face of the balance sheet.

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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


On April 30, 2015, the Company entered into a $5.0 million unsecured line of credit with a correspondent bank. Interest is payable at a rate of one-month LIBOR plus 2.00%. The line is scheduled to mature on April 30, 2019. The Company had no balance outstanding under this agreement as of December 31, 2018.

Note 11.
Junior Subordinated Notes Issued to Capital Trusts

The Company has established three statutory business trusts under the laws of the state of Delaware: Central Bancshares Capital Trust II, Barron Investment Capital Trust I, and MidWestOne Statutory Trust II. The trusts exist for the exclusive purposes of (i) issuing trust securities representing undivided beneficial interests in the assets of the respective trust; (ii) investing the gross proceeds of the trust securities in junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (junior subordinated notes); and (iii) engaging in only those activities necessary or incidental thereto. For regulatory capital purposes, these trust securities qualify as a component of Tier 1 capital. All distributions are cumulative and paid in cash quarterly.

The table below summarizes the outstanding junior subordinated notes and the related trust preferred securities issued by each trust as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:
 
 
Face Value
 
Book Value
 
Interest Rate
 
Year-end
Interest Rate
 
Maturity Date
 
Callable Date
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Central Bancshares Capital Trust II
 
$
7,217

 
$
6,730

 
Three-month LIBOR + 3.50%
 
6.29
%
 
03/15/2038
 
03/15/2013
Barron Investment Capital Trust I
 
2,062

 
1,694

 
Three-month LIBOR + 2.15%
 
4.97
%
 
09/23/2036
 
09/23/2011
MidWestOne Statutory Trust II
 
15,464

 
15,464

 
Three-month LIBOR + 1.59%
 
4.38
%
 
12/15/2037
 
12/15/2012
Total
 
$
24,743

 
$
23,888

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Central Bancshares Capital Trust II
 
$
7,217

 
$
6,674

 
Three-month LIBOR + 3.50%
 
5.09
%
 
3/15/2038
 
3/15/2013
Barron Investment Capital Trust I
 
2,062

 
1,655

 
Three-month LIBOR + 2.15%
 
3.82
%
 
9/23/2036
 
9/23/2011
MidWestOne Statutory Trust II
 
15,464

 
15,464

 
Three-month LIBOR + 1.59%
 
3.18
%
 
12/15/2037
 
12/15/2012
Total
 
$
24,743

 
$
23,793

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

The trust preferred securities are subject to mandatory redemption, in whole or in part, upon repayment of the junior subordinated notes at the stated maturity date or upon redemption of the junior subordinated notes. Each trust’s ability to pay amounts due on the trust preferred securities is solely dependent upon the Company making payment on the related junior subordinated notes. The Company’s obligation under the junior subordinated notes and other relevant trust agreements, in aggregate, constitutes a full and unconditional guarantee by the Company of each trust’s obligations under the trust preferred securities issued by each trust. The Company has the right to defer payment of interest on the junior subordinated notes and, therefore, distributions on the trust preferred securities, for up to five years, but not beyond the stated maturity date in the table above. During any such deferral period the Company may not pay cash dividends on its stock and generally may not repurchase its stock.

Note 12.
Federal Home Loan Bank Borrowings and Long-Term Debt

Long-term borrowings were as follows as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
(dollars in thousands)
 
Weighted Average Cost
 
Balance
 
Weighted Average Cost
 
Balance
FHLB Borrowings
 
2.45
%
 
$
136,000

 
1.72
%
 
$
115,000

Note payable to unaffiliated bank
 
4.13

 
7,500

 
3.32

 
12,500

Total
 
2.54
%
 
$
143,500

 
1.88
%
 
$
127,500


The Company utilizes FHLB borrowings as a supplement to customer deposits to fund earning assets and to assist in managing interest rate risk. As a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines, the Bank may borrow funds from the FHLB in amounts up to 35% of the Bank’s total assets, provided the Bank is able to pledge an adequate amount of qualified assets to secure the borrowings. Advances from the FHLB are collateralized primarily by one- to four-family residential, commercial and agricultural real estate first mortgages equal to various percentages of the total outstanding notes. See Note 3 “Loans Receivable and the Allowance for Loan Losses” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, FHLB borrowings were as follows:
 
Rates
 
Amount
 
Minimum
 
Maximum
 
2018
 
2017
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Due in 2018
1.30
%
 
1.60
%
 
—

 
19,000

Due in 2019
1.42
%
to
2.48
%
 
52,000

 
27,000

Due in 2020
1.52
%
to
2.68
%
 
47,000

 
47,000

Due in 2021
1.93
%
to
2.74
%
 
37,000

 
22,000

Total
 
 
 
 
$
136,000

 
$
115,000



On April 30, 2015, the Company entered into a $35.0 million unsecured note payable with a correspondent bank with a maturity date of June 30, 2020. The Company drew $25.0 million on the note prior to June 30, 2015, at which time the ability to obtain additional advances ceased. Payments of principal and interest are payable quarterly beginning September 30, 2015. As of December 31, 2018, $7.5 million of that note was outstanding. The note contains certain requirements, covenants and restrictions that we view to be customary for such a transaction, including those that place restrictions on additional debt and stipulate minimum capital and various operating ratios.

Note 13.
Income Taxes

Income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 are summarized as follows:
 
December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
Current:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal tax expense
$
5,293

 
$
7,289

 
$
7,410

State tax expense
3,004

 
2,435

 
2,303

Deferred:
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred income tax expense
(676
)
 
744

 
(2,853
)
Excess tax benefit from share-based award activity
(4
)
 
(92
)
 
—

Total income tax provision
$
7,617

 
$
10,376

 
$
6,860



The income tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2018 was less than the amount computed by applying the maximum effective federal income tax rate of 21%, and the income tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2017 was more than, and for the year ended December 31, 2016 was less than, the amounts computed by applying the maximum effective federal income tax rate of 35% to the income before income taxes for such years because of the following items:
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
(dollars in thousands)
Amount
 
% of Pretax Income
 
Amount
 
% of Pretax Income
 
Amount
 
% of Pretax Income
Expected provision
$
7,973

 
21.0
 %
 
$
10,176

 
35.0
 %
 
$
9,538

 
35.0
 %
Tax-exempt interest
(1,876
)
 
(4.9
)
 
(3,182
)
 
(10.9
)
 
(3,011
)
 
(11.0
)
Bank-owned life insurance
(337
)
 
(0.9
)
 
(485
)
 
(1.7
)
 
(477
)
 
(1.8
)
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit
2,040

 
5.4

 
1,307

 
4.5

 
1,257

 
4.6

Non-deductible acquisition expenses
122

 
0.3

 
—

 
—

 
83

 
0.3

General business credits
(343
)
 
(0.9
)
 
(466
)
 
(1.6
)
 
(537
)
 
(2.0
)
Federal income tax rate change
—

 
—

 
3,212

 
11.1

 
—

 
—

Other
38

 
0.1

 
(186
)
 
(0.7
)
 
7

 
0.1

Total income tax provision
$
7,617

 
20.1
 %
 
$
10,376

 
35.7
 %
 
$
6,860

 
25.2
 %



101
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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In December 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SAB 118), which provided guidance regarding how a company is to reflect provisional amounts when necessary information is not yet available, prepared or analyzed sufficiently to complete its accounting for the effect of the changes in the Tax Act. During the first quarter of 2018, the income tax expense recorded during the fourth quarter of 2017 was determined to be final.

Net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 consisted of the following components:
 
December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
(in thousands)
 
 
 
Deferred income tax assets:
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses
$
7,636

 
$
7,311

Deferred compensation
1,361

 
1,344

Net operating losses (state net operating loss carryforwards)
4,283

 
4,131

Unrealized losses on investment securities
1,999

 
928

Foreclosed assets
119

 
175

Deferred loan fees
124

 
143

Other
1,988

 
1,777

Gross deferred tax assets
17,510

 
15,809

 
 
 
 
Deferred income tax liabilities:
 
 
 
Premises and equipment depreciation and amortization
2,947

 
2,604

Federal Home Loan Bank stock
91

 
91

Purchase accounting adjustments
769

 
1,179

Mortgage servicing rights
730

 
603

Prepaid expenses
243

 
523

Other
174

 
153

Gross deferred tax liabilities
4,954

 
5,153

Net deferred income tax asset
12,556

 
10,656

Valuation allowance
4,283

 
4,131

Net deferred tax asset
$
8,273

 
$
6,525



The Company has recorded a deferred tax asset for the future tax benefits of Iowa net operating loss carryforwards. The Iowa net operating loss carryforwards amounting to approximately $52.9 million will expire in various amounts from 2019 to 2039. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company believed it was more likely than not that all temporary differences associated with the Iowa corporate tax return would not be fully realized. Accordingly, the Company has recorded a valuation allowance to reduce the net operating loss carryforward. A valuation allowance related to the remaining deferred tax assets has not been provided because management believes it is more likely than not that the results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to realize the deferred tax assets.

The Company had no material unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.
Note 14.
Employee Benefit Plans

The Company has a salary reduction profit-sharing 401(k) plan covering all employees fulfilling minimum age and service requirements. Employee contributions to the plan are optional. Employer contributions are discretionary and may be made to the plan in an amount equal to a percentage of each participating employee’s salary. The 401(k) contribution expense for this plan totaled $1.4 million, $1.3 million and $1.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The Company has an employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) covering all employees fulfilling minimum age and service requirements. Employer contributions are discretionary and may be made to the plan in an amount equal to a percentage of each participating employee’s salary. The ESOP contribution expense for this plan totaled $0.7 million, $1.1 million and $0.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.


102
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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Company has a salary continuation plan for several officers and directors. These plans provide annual payments of various amounts upon retirement or death. The Company accrues the expense for these benefits by charges to operating expense during the period the respective officer or director attains full eligibility. The amount charged to operating expense during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 totaled $0.5 million, $0.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively. To provide the retirement benefits, the Company carries life insurance policies which had cash values totaling $16.8 million, $16.8 million and $16.4 million at December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Note 15.
Stock Compensation Plans

At the 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Company held on April 20, 2017, the Company’s shareholders approved the MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan. The Plan is the successor to the 2008 Plan, which expired on November 20, 2017. Awards granted under the 2008 Plan will remain subject to its terms as long as such awards are outstanding. The Company maintains the Plan as a means to attract, retain and reward certain designated employees and directors of, and service providers to, the Company and its subsidiaries. Under the terms of the Plan, the Company may grant a total of 500,000 total shares of the Company’s common stock as stock options, stock appreciation rights or stock awards (including restricted stock units) and may also grant cash incentive awards to eligible individuals. As of December 31, 2018, 445,660 shares of the Company’s common stock remained available for future awards under the Plan.

During 2018, the Company recognized $1.0 million of stock based compensation expense, all of which was expense related to restricted stock unit grants. In comparison, during 2017, the Company recognized $868,000 of stock-based compensation expense, all of which was expense related to restricted stock unit grants, while total stock-based compensation expense in 2016 was $731,000 all of which was expense related to restricted stock unit grants.

Incentive Stock Options:
The Company is required to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as compensation expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations over the requisite service periods using a straight-line method. The Company assumes no projected forfeitures on its stock-based compensation, since actual historical forfeiture rates on its stock-based incentive awards have been negligible.

The stock options have a maximum term of ten years, an exercise price equal to the fair market value of a share of stock on the date of grant and vest 25% per year over four years, with the first vesting date being the one-year anniversary of the grant date.

The following is a summary of stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2018:
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-
 
Remaining
 
Aggregate
 
 
 
Average
 
Contractual
 
Intrinsic
 
 
 
Exercise
 
Term in
 
Value
 
Shares
 
Price
 
Years
 
($000)
Outstanding at December 31, 2017
9,700

 
$
13.98

 
 
 
 
Granted
—

 
—

 
 
 
 
Exercised
(9,700
)
 
13.98

 
 
 
 
Forfeited
—

 
—

 
 
 
 
Expired
—

 
—

 
 
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2018
—

 
$
—

 
0.00
 
$
—

Exercisable at December 31, 2018
—

 
$
—

 
0.00
 
$
—



During 2018, the Company received $137,000 from the exercise of stock option awards. Plan participants realized an intrinsic value of $179,000 from the exercise of these stock options during 2018. In comparison, Plan participants realized an intrinsic value of $219,000 and $26,000 from the exercise of stock options during 2017 and 2016, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, there were no remaining compensation costs related to nonvested stock options that have not yet been recognized.

There were no stock option awards granted in 2018, 2017, or 2016.

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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Value Information:
The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon observed interest rates for the expected term of the Company’s stock options. The expected volatility input into the model takes into account the historical volatility of the Company’s stock over the period that it has been publicly traded or the expected term of the option. The expected dividend yield assumption is based upon the Company’s historical dividend payout determined at the date of grant, if any.

Restricted Stock Units:
Under the Plan, the Company may grant restricted stock unit awards that vest upon the completion of future service requirements or specified performance criteria. The fair value of these awards is equal to the market price of the common stock at the date of the grant. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense for these awards over the vesting period, using the straight-line method, based upon the number of awards ultimately expected to vest. Each restricted stock unit entitles the recipient to receive one share of stock on the vesting date. Generally, for employee awards, the restricted stock units vest 25% per year over four years, with the first vesting date being the one-year anniversary of the grant date, or 100% upon the death or disability of the recipient, or upon change of control (as defined in the Plan) of the Company. Awards granted to directors vest 100% one year from the date of the award. If a participant terminates employment or service prior to the end of the continuous service period, the unearned portion of the stock unit award may be forfeited, at the discretion of the Company’s Compensation Committee. The Company may also issue awards that vest upon satisfaction of specified performance criteria. For these types of awards, the final measure of compensation cost is based upon the number of shares that ultimately vest considering the performance criteria.

The following is a summary of nonvested restricted stock unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2018:
 
 
 
Weighted-
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 
Grant-Date
 
Shares
 
Fair Value
Nonvested at December 31, 2017
68,200

 
$
31.39

Granted
49,960

 
31.35

Vested
(29,715
)
 
30.66

Forfeited
(4,695
)
 
31.23

Nonvested at December 31, 2018
83,750

 
$
31.63



The fair value of restricted stock unit awards that vested during 2018 was $932,000, compared to $926,000 and $983,000 during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, the total compensation costs related to nonvested restricted stock units that have not yet been recognized totaled $1,817,000, and the weighted average period over which these costs are expected to be recognized is approximately 2.4 years.
Note 16.
Earnings per Share

Basic per-share amounts are computed by dividing net income (the numerator) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (the denominator). Diluted per-share amounts assume issuance of all common stock issuable upon conversion or exercise of other securities, unless the effect is to reduce the loss or increase the income per common share from continuing operations.


104
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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Following are the calculations for basic and diluted earnings per common share:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per common share computation
 
 
 
 
 
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
30,351

 
$
18,699

 
$
20,391

 
 
 
 
 
 
Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average shares outstanding
12,219,725

 
12,038,499

 
11,430,087

Basic earnings per common share
$
2.48

 
$
1.55

 
$
1.78

 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per common share computation
 
 
 
 
 
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
30,351

 
$
18,699

 
$
20,391

 
 
 
 
 
 
Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average shares outstanding, included all dilutive potential shares
12,237,153

 
12,062,577

 
11,456,324

Diluted earnings per common share
$
2.48

 
$
1.55

 
$
1.78



Note 17.
Regulatory Capital Requirements and Restrictions on Subsidiary Cash

The Company (on a consolidated basis) and the Bank are subject to the Basel III regulatory capital reforms (the “Basel III Rules”) and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”). The Basel III Rules are applicable to all banking organizations that are subject to minimum capital requirements, including federal and state banks and savings and loan associations, as well as to bank and savings and loan holding companies, other than “small bank holding companies” (generally bank holding companies with consolidated assets of less than $3 billion which are not publicly traded companies). As of December 31, 2018, the most recent notification from the FDIC categorized the Bank as “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action then in effect. There are no conditions or events since the notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category. In order to be a “well-capitalized” depository institution, a bank must maintain a Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.5% or more; a Tier 1 capital ratio of 8% or more; a Total capital ratio of 10% or more; and a leverage ratio of 5% or more. A capital conservation buffer, comprised of Common Equity Tier 1 capital, is also established above the regulatory minimum capital requirements. This capital conservation buffer was phased in, which began January 1, 2016 at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets, was 1.25% of risk-weighted assets in 2017, was 1.875% of risk-weighted assets in 2018, and is fully phased in at 2.5% on January 1, 2019. At December 31, 2018, the Company’s institution-specific capital conservation buffer necessary to avoid limitations on distributions and discretionary bonus payments was 4.23%, while the Bank’s was 3.94%.

105
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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

A comparison of the Company’s and the Bank’s capital with the corresponding minimum regulatory requirements in effect as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, is presented below:
 
Actual
 
For Capital Adequacy Purposes
 
To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio(1)
 
Amount
 
Ratio
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At December 31, 2018:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total capital/risk weighted assets
$
342,054

 
12.23
%
 
$
276,283

 
9.875
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets
312,747

 
11.18

 
220,327

 
7.875

 
N/A

 
N/A

Common equity tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets
288,859

 
10.32

 
178,360

 
6.375

 
N/A

 
N/A

Tier 1 leverage capital/average assets
312,747

 
9.73

 
128,531

 
4.000

 
N/A

 
N/A

MidWestOne Bank:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total capital/risk weighted assets
$
333,074

 
11.94
%
 
$
275,468

 
9.875
%
 
$
278,955

 
10.00
%
Tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets
303,767

 
10.89

 
219,677

 
7.875

 
223,164

 
8.00

Common equity tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets
303,767

 
10.89

 
177,833

 
6.375

 
181,320

 
6.50

Tier 1 leverage capital/average assets
303,767

 
9.47

 
128,259

 
4.000

 
160,324

 
5.00

At December 31, 2017:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total capital/risk weighted assets
$
321,459

 
12.00
%
 
$
247,689

 
9.250
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets
293,359

 
10.96

 
194,135

 
7.250

 
N/A

 
N/A

Common equity tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets
269,566

 
10.07

 
153,969

 
5.750

 
N/A

 
N/A

Tier 1 leverage capital/average assets
293,359

 
9.48

 
123,831

 
4.000

 
N/A

 
N/A

MidWestOne Bank:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total capital/risk weighted assets
$
322,679

 
12.08
%
 
$
247,010

 
9.250
%
 
$
267,038

 
10.00
%
Tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets
294,620

 
11.03

 
193,603

 
7.250

 
213,631

 
8.00

Common equity tier 1 capital/risk weighted assets
294,620

 
11.03

 
153,547

 
5.750

 
173,575

 
6.50

Tier 1 leverage capital/average assets
294,620

 
9.53

 
123,678

 
4.000

 
154,598

 
5.00


(1) Includes the capital conservation buffer of 1.25% at December 31, 2017 and 1.875% at December 31, 2018.

The ability of the Company to pay dividends to its shareholders is dependent upon dividends paid by the Bank to the Company. The Bank is subject to certain statutory and regulatory restrictions on the amount of dividends it may pay. In addition, as previously disclosed, subsequent to December 31, 2008, the Bank’s board of directors adopted a capital policy requiring it to maintain a ratio of Tier 1 capital to total assets of at least 8% and a ratio of total capital to risk-based capital of at least 10%. Failure to maintain these ratios also could limit the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to the Company.

The Bank is required to maintain reserve balances in cash on hand or on deposit with Federal Reserve Banks. Reserve balances totaled $14.9 million and $9.4 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Note 18.
Commitments and Contingencies

Financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk: The Bank is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, commitments to sell loans, and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheets.

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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Bank uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments. A summary of the Bank’s commitments at December 31, 2018 and 2017, is as follows:
 
December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
(in thousands)
 
 
 
Commitments to extend credit
$
521,270

 
$
563,305

Commitments to sell loans
666

 
856

Standby letters of credit
16,709

 
10,260

Total
$
538,645

 
$
574,421



The Bank’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparty to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Bank evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Bank upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the party. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, crops, livestock, inventory, property and equipment, residential real estate and income-producing commercial properties.

Commitments to sell loans are agreements to sell loans held for sale to third parties at an agreed upon price.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements and, generally, have terms of one year or less. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. The Bank holds collateral, which may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, equipment and income-producing properties, that support those commitments, if deemed necessary. In the event the customer does not perform in accordance with the terms of the agreement with the third party, the Bank would be required to fund the commitment. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Bank could be required to make is represented by the contractual amount shown in the summary above. If the commitment is funded, the Bank would be entitled to seek recovery from the customer.

Contingencies: In the normal course of business, the Bank is involved in various legal proceedings. In the opinion of management, any liability resulting from such proceedings would not have a material adverse effect on the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Concentrations of credit risk: Substantially all of the Bank’s loans, commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit have been granted to customers in the Bank’s market areas. Although the loan portfolio of the Bank is diversified, approximately 72% of the loans are real estate loans and approximately 8% are agriculturally related. The concentrations of credit by type of loan are set forth in Note 3 “Loans Receivable and the Allowance for Loan Losses”. Commitments to extend credit are primarily related to commercial loans and home equity loans. Standby letters of credit were granted primarily to commercial borrowers. Investments in securities issued by state and political subdivisions involve certain governmental entities within Iowa and Minnesota. The carrying value of investment securities of Iowa and Minnesota political subdivisions totaled $135.4 million and $62.0 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2018. The amount of investment securities issued by one individual municipality did not exceed $5.0 million.

Note 19.
Related Party Transactions

Certain directors of the Company and certain principal officers are customers of, and have banking transactions with, the Bank in the ordinary course of business. Such indebtedness has been incurred on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with unrelated persons.

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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following is an analysis of the changes in the loans to related parties during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
(in thousands)
 
 
 
Balance, beginning
$
14,131

 
$
10,856

Net decrease due to change in related parties
(2,518
)
 
—

Advances
2,059

 
6,487

Collections
(1,017
)
 
(3,212
)
Balance, ending
$
12,655

 
$
14,131



None of these loans are past due, nonaccrual or restructured to provide a reduction or deferral of interest or principal because of deterioration in the financial position of the borrower. Deposits from these related parties totaled $4.4 million and $29.1 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Deposits from related parties are accepted subject to the same interest rates and terms as those from nonrelated parties.

In December 2018, Kevin W. Monson, Chairman of the Board of the Company and of the Bank, as manager and member of a limited liability company, purchased from the Company a former office building in Iowa City, Iowa, which had been used for overflow office space by the Company, for the amount of $1.4 million. In accordance with Company policy requirements, the transaction and supporting valuation documentation was reviewed and received pre-approval from the Audit Committee at their meeting on November 13, 2018.

Note 20.
Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Market participants are defined as buyers and sellers in the principal (or most advantageous) market for the asset or liability that have all of the following characteristics: 1) an unrelated party; 2) knowledgeable (having a reasonable understanding about the asset or liability and the transaction based on all available information; including information that might be obtained through due diligence efforts that are usual or customary); 3) able to transact; and 4) willing to transact (motivated but not forced or otherwise compelled to do so).
The FASB states “valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available shall be used to measure fair value.” The valuation techniques for measuring fair value are consistent with the three traditional approaches to value: the market approach, the income approach, and the cost or asset approach.
In applying valuation techniques, the use of relevant inputs (both observable and unobservable) based on the facts and circumstances must be used. The FASB has defined a fair value hierarchy for these inputs which prioritizes the inputs into three broad levels:
•
Level 1 Inputs – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. A quoted price in an active market provides the most reliable evidence of fair value and is used to measure fair value whenever available. A contractually binding sales price also provides reliable evidence of fair value.
•
Level 2 Inputs – Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or inputs to the valuation methodology that utilize model-based techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.
•
Level 3 Inputs – Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement; inputs to the valuation methodology that utilize model-based techniques for which significant assumptions are not observable in the market; or inputs to the valuation methodology that require significant management judgment or estimation, some of which may be internally developed.

Unobservable inputs should be used only to the extent that relevant observable inputs are not available; this allows for situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date. Unobservable inputs should reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk.

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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

It is the Company’s policy to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when developing fair value measurements. The Company is required to use observable inputs, to the extent available, in the fair value estimation process unless that data results from forced liquidations or distressed sales. The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair value:
Investment Securities - The fair value for investment securities are determined by quoted market prices, if available (Level 1). The Company utilizes an independent pricing service to obtain the fair value of debt securities. On a quarterly basis, the Company selects a sample of 30 securities from its primary pricing service and compares them to a secondary independent pricing service to validate value. In addition, the Company periodically reviews the pricing methodology utilized by the primary independent service for reasonableness. Debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury and other U.S. Government agencies and corporations, mortgage-backed securities, and collateralized mortgage obligations are priced utilizing industry-standard models that consider various assumptions, including time value, yield curves, volatility factors, prepayment speeds, default rates, loss severity, current market and contractual prices for the underlying financial instruments, as well as other relevant economic measures. Substantially all of these assumptions are observable in the marketplace, can be derived from observable data, or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace (Level 2). Municipal securities are valued using a type of matrix, or grid, pricing in which securities are benchmarked against the treasury rate based on credit rating (Level 2). On an annual basis, a group of selected municipal securities have their credit rating evaluated by a securities dealer and that information is used to verify the primary independent service’s rating and pricing.
Loans Held for Sale - Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, with fair value being based on binding contracts from third party investors (Level 2). The portfolio has historically consisted primarily of residential real estate loans.
Loans Held for Investment, Net - The estimated fair value of loans, net, was performed using the income approach, with the market approach used for certain nonperforming loans, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. The application of the income approach establishes value by methods that discount or capitalize earnings and/or cash flow, by a discount or capitalization rate that reflects market rate of return expectations, market conditions, and the relative risk of the investment. Generally, this can be accomplished by the discounted cash flow method. For loans that exhibited some characteristics of performance and where it appears that the borrower may have adequate cash flows to service the loan, a discounted cash flow analysis was used. The discounted cash flow analysis was based on the contractual maturity of the loan and market indications of rates, prepayment speeds, defaults and credit risk. For loans with balloon or interest only payment structures, the repayment was extended by assuming a renewal period beyond the current contractual maturity date. For loans analyzed using the asset approach, the fair value was determined based on the estimated values of the underlying collateral. For impaired loans, the estimated net sales proceeds was used to determine the fair value of the loans when deemed appropriate. The implied sales proceeds value provides a better indication of value than the income stream as these loans are not performing or exhibit strong signs indicative of nonperformance.
Collateral Dependent Impaired Loans - From time to time, a loan is considered impaired and an allowance for credit losses is established. The specific reserves for collateral dependent impaired loans are based on the fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell, based on appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available for similar loans and collateral underlying such loans, and resulted in a Level 3 classification for inputs for determining fair value. Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and the client’s business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. Impaired loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted in accordance with the allowance policy.
Foreclosed Assets, Net - Foreclosed assets, net represents property acquired through foreclosures and settlements of loans. Property acquired through or in lieu of foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less estimated selling cost at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. These assets are subsequently accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals which are updated no less frequently than every 18 months. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches, including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available for similar loans and the collateral underlying such loans, resulting in a Level 3 classification for inputs for determining fair value. Real estate owned properties are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly.

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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Appraisals for both collateral dependent impaired loans and foreclosed assets are performed by certified general appraisers (for commercial properties) or certified residential appraisers (for residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by the Company. Once received, a member of the Special Assets Department reviews the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the overall resulting fair value in comparison with independent data sources such as recent market data or industry-wide statistics.
Interest Rate Swaps - Interest rate swaps are valued by the Company's swap dealers using cash flow valuation techniques with observable market data inputs. The fair values estimated by the Company's swap dealers use interest rates that are observable or that can be corroborated by observable market data and, therefore, are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. The Company has entered into collateral agreements with its swap dealers which entitle it to receive collateral to cover market values on derivatives which are in asset position, thus a credit risk adjustment on interest rate swaps is not warranted.
Credit Risk Participation Agreements — The Company enters into credit RPAs with institutional counterparties, under which the Company assumes its pro-rata share of the credit exposure associated with a borrower’s performance related to interest rate derivative contracts. The fair value of RPAs is calculated by determining the total expected asset or liability exposure of the derivatives to the borrowers and applying the borrowers’ credit spread to that exposure. Total expected exposure incorporates both the current and potential future exposure of the derivatives, derived from using observable inputs, such as yield curves and volatilities. Accordingly, RPAs fall within Level 2.
The following table summarizes assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. The assets and liabilities are segregated by the level of valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value:
 
Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2018 Using
(in thousands)
Total
 
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available for sale debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Government agencies and corporations
$
5,495

 
$
—

 
$
5,495

 
$
—

State and political subdivisions
121,901

 
—

 
121,901

 
—

Mortgage-backed securities
50,653

 
—

 
50,653

 
—

Collateralized mortgage obligations
169,928

 
—

 
169,928

 
—

Corporate debt securities
66,124

 
—

 
66,124

 
—

Total available for sale debt securities
$
414,101

 
$
—

 
$
414,101

 
$
—

Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
$
321

 
$
—

 
$
321

 
$
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
$
582

 
$
—

 
$
582

 
$
—

RPAs
85

 
—

 
85

 
—

Total derivative liabilities
$
667

 
$
—

 
$
667

 
$
—




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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 
Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2017 Using
(in thousands)
Fair Value
 
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other
Observable 
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available for sale debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Government agencies and corporations
$
15,626

 
$
—

 
$
15,626

 
$
—

State and political subdivisions
141,839

 
—

 
141,839

 
—

Mortgage-backed securities
48,497

 
—

 
48,497

 
—

Collateralized mortgage obligations
168,196

 
—

 
168,196

 
—

Corporate debt securities
71,166

 
—

 
71,166

 
—

Total available for sale debt securities
$
445,324

 
$
—

 
$
445,324

 
$
—



There were no transfers of assets between Level 3 and other levels of the fair value hierarchy during the year ended December 31, 2018 or the year ended December 31, 2017.

Changes in the fair value of available for sale debt securities are included in other comprehensive income, and changes in the fair value of equity securities are included in noninterest income.

The following table discloses the Company’s estimated fair value amounts of its assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. It is management’s belief that the fair values presented below are reasonable based on the valuation techniques and data available to the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, as more fully described above.
 
Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2018 Using
(in thousands)
Total
 
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateral dependent impaired loans
$
8,328

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
8,328

Foreclosed assets, net
$
535

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
535

 
Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2017 Using
(in thousands)
Total
 
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateral dependent impaired loans
$
3,927

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
3,927

Foreclosed assets, net
$
2,010

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
2,010


The following presents the valuation technique(s), unobservable inputs, and quantitative information about the unobservable inputs used for fair value measurements of the financial instruments held by the Company at December 31, 2018, categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:
 
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
 
 
 
 
(dollars in thousands)
Fair Value at December 31, 2018
 
Valuation Techniques(s)
 
Unobservable Input
 
Range of Inputs
 
Weighted Average
Collateral dependent impaired loans
$
8,328

 
Modified appraised value
 
Third party appraisal
 
NM *
 
NM *
 
NM *
 
 
 
 
 
Appraisal discount
 
NM *
 
NM *
 
NM *
Foreclosed assets, net
$
535

 
Modified appraised value
 
Third party appraisal
 
NM *
 
NM *
 
NM *
 
 
 
 
 
Appraisal discount
 
NM *
 
NM *
 
NM *
* Not Meaningful. Third party appraisals are obtained as to the value of the underlying asset, but disclosure of this information would not provide meaningful information, as the range will vary widely from loan to loan. Types of discounts considered include age of the appraisal, local market conditions, current condition of the property, and estimated sales costs. These discounts will also vary from loan to loan, thus providing a range would not be meaningful.
Changes in assumptions or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on these estimated fair values.


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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Due to the adoption of ASU 2016-01 as of January 1, 2018, the estimated fair value amounts shown for December 31, 2017 are not comparable to those for December 31, 2018, due to a change in the required methodology (“exit price” only) for determining current estimated fair value. This change also resulted in the fair value of loans held for investment, net being considered a Level 3 input for 2018, compared with a Level 2 input for 2017. The carrying amount and estimated fair value of financial instruments not carried at fair value, at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are as follows:
 
December 31, 2018
(in thousands)
Carrying
Amount
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Quoted 
Prices in
Active 
Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
45,480

 
$
45,480

 
$
45,480

 
$
—

 
$
—

Investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities
2,737

 
2,737

 
2,737

 
—

 
—

Debt securities available for sale
414,101

 
414,101

 
—

 
414,101

 
—

Debt securities held to maturity
195,822

 
192,564

 
—

 
192,564

 
—

Total investment securities
612,660

 
609,402

 
2,737

 
606,665

 
—

Loans held for sale
666

 
678

 
—

 
678

 
—

Loans held for investment, net
2,369,472

 
2,343,654

 
—

 
—

 
2,343,654

Federal Home Loan Bank stock
14,678

 
14,678

 
—

 
14,678

 
—

Derivative assets
321

 
321

 
—

 
321

 
—

Financial liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-interest bearing
439,133

 
439,133

 
439,133

 
—

 
—

Interest-bearing
2,173,796

 
2,166,518

 
1,450,149

 
716,369

 
—

Total deposits
2,612,929

 
2,605,651

 
1,889,282

 
716,369

 
—

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
131,422

 
131,422

 
131,422

 
—

 
—

Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings
136,000

 
134,995

 
—

 
134,995

 
—

Junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts
23,888

 
21,215

 
—

 
21,215

 
—

Long-term debt
7,500

 
7,500

 
—

 
7,500

 
—

Derivative liabilities
667

 
667

 
—

 
667

 
—


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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 
December 31, 2017
(in thousands)
Carrying
Amount
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Quoted 
Prices in
Active 
Markets  for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
50,972

 
$
50,972

 
$
50,972

 
$
—

 
$
—

Investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities
2,336

 
2,336

 
2,336

 
—

 
—

Debt securities available for sale
445,324

 
445,324

 
—

 
445,324

 
—

Debt securities held to maturity
195,619

 
194,343

 
—

 
194,343

 
—

Total investment securities
643,279

 
642,003

 
2,336

 
639,667

 
—

Loans held for sale
856

 
871

 
—

 
—

 
871

Loans held for investment, net
2,258,636

 
2,256,726

 
—

 
2,256,726

 
—

Federal Home Loan Bank stock
11,324

 
11,324

 
—

 
11,324

 
—

Financial liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-interest bearing
461,969

 
461,969

 
461,969

 
—

 
—

Interest-bearing
2,143,350

 
2,137,424

 
1,441,542

 
695,882

 
—

Total deposits
2,605,319

 
2,599,393

 
1,903,511

 
695,882

 
—

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
97,229

 
97,229

 
97,229

 
—

 
—

Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings
115,000

 
114,945

 
—

 
114,945

 
—

Junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts
23,793

 
19,702

 
—

 
19,702

 
—

Long-term debt
12,500

 
12,500

 
—

 
12,500

 
—



Note 21.
Revenue Recognition

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“Topic 606”) and all subsequent ASUs that modified Topic 606. The implementation of the new standard did not have a material impact on the measurement or recognition of revenue; as such, a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings was not deemed necessary. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts were not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605.

Topic 606 does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including revenue from loans and securities. In addition, certain noninterest income streams such as fees associated with mortgage servicing rights, financial guarantees, derivatives, and certain credit card fees are also not in scope of the new guidance. Topic 606 is applicable to noninterest revenue streams such as trust and asset management fees, service charges on deposit accounts, sales of other real estate, and debit card interchange fees. However, the recognition of these revenue streams did not change significantly upon adoption of Topic 606. Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is generated from contracts with customers. Noninterest revenue streams in-scope of Topic 606 are discussed below.

Trust and Asset Management
Trust and asset management income is primarily comprised of fees earned from the management and administration of trusts and other customer assets. The Company’s performance obligation is generally satisfied over time, and the resulting fees are recognized monthly, based upon the month-end market value of the assets under management and the applicable fee rate. Payment is generally received a few days after month end through a direct charge to customers’ accounts. The Company does not earn performance-based incentives. Optional services such as real estate sales and tax return preparation services are also available to existing trust and asset management customers. The Company’s performance obligation for these transactional-based services is generally satisfied, and related revenue recognized, at a point in time (i.e., as incurred). Payment is received shortly after services are rendered.

Service Charges on Deposit Accounts
Service charges on deposit accounts consist of account analysis fees (i.e., net fees earned on analyzed business and public checking accounts), monthly service fees, check orders, and other deposit account related fees. The Company’s performance obligation for account analysis fees and monthly service fees is generally satisfied, and the related revenue recognized, over the period in which the service is provided. Check orders and other deposit account related fees are largely transactional based, and therefore, the

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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Company’s performance obligation is satisfied, and related revenue recognized, at a point in time. Payment for service charges on deposit accounts is primarily received immediately or in the following month through a direct charge to customers’ accounts.

Fees, Exchange, and Other Service Charges
Fees, exchange, and other service charges are primarily comprised of debit and credit card income, ATM fees, merchant services income, and other service charges. Debit and credit card income is primarily comprised of interchange fees earned whenever the Company’s debit and credit cards are processed through card payment networks such as Visa. ATM fees are primarily generated when a Company cardholder uses a non-Company ATM or a non-Company cardholder uses a Company ATM. Merchant services income mainly represents fees charged to merchants to process their debit and credit card transactions, in addition to account management fees. Other service charges include revenue from processing wire transfers, bill pay service, cashier’s checks, and other services. The Company’s performance obligation for fees, exchange, and other service charges are largely satisfied, and related revenue recognized, when the services are rendered or upon completion. Payment is typically received immediately or in the following month.

Gains/Losses on Sales of Foreclosed Assets
Gain or loss from the sale of foreclosed assets occurs when control of the property transfers to the buyer, which generally occurs at the time of an executed deed. When the Company finances the sale of foreclosed assets to the buyer, the Company assesses whether the buyer is committed to perform their obligations under the contract and whether collectability of the transaction price is probable. Once these criteria are met, the foreclosed assets are derecognized and the gain or loss on sale is recorded upon the transfer of control of the property to the buyer. In determining the gain or loss on the sale, the Company adjusts the transaction price and related gain (loss) on sale if a significant financing component is present. Foreclosed asset sales for the year ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were not financed by the Bank.

Other
Other noninterest income consists of other recurring revenue streams such as safe deposit box rental fees, and other miscellaneous revenue streams. Safe deposit box rental fees are charged to the customer on an annual basis and recognized upon receipt of payment. The Company determined that since rentals and renewals occur fairly consistently over time, revenue is recognized on a basis consistent with the duration of the performance obligation.

Contract Balances
A contract asset balance occurs when an entity performs a service for a customer before the customer pays consideration (resulting in a contract receivable) or before payment is due (resulting in a contract asset). A contract liability balance is an entity’s obligation to transfer a service to a customer for which the entity has already received payment (or payment is due) from the customer. The Company’s noninterest revenue streams are largely based on transactional activity, or standard month-end revenue accruals such as asset management fees based on month-end market values. Consideration is often received immediately or shortly after the Company satisfies its performance obligation and revenue is recognized. The Company does not typically enter into long-term revenue contracts with customers, and therefore, does not experience significant contract balances. As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company did not have any significant contract balances.

Contract Acquisition Costs
In connection with the adoption of Topic 606, an entity is required to capitalize, and subsequently amortize into expense, certain incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if these costs are expected to be recovered. The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are those costs that an entity incurs to obtain a contract with a customer that it would not have incurred if the contract had not been obtained (for example, sales commission). The Company utilizes the practical expedient which allows entities to immediately expense contract acquisition costs when the asset that would have resulted from capitalizing these costs would have been amortized in one year or less. Upon adoption of Topic 606, the Company did not capitalize any contract acquisition cost.

Note 22.
Operating Segments

The Company’s activities are considered to be a single industry segment for financial reporting purposes. The Company is engaged in the business of commercial and retail banking, investment management and insurance services with operations throughout central and eastern Iowa, the Twin Cities area of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Florida, and Colorado. Substantially all income is derived from a diverse base of commercial, mortgage and retail lending activities, and investments.


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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 23.
Proposed Merger

On August 21, 2018, the Company entered into a merger agreement with ATBancorp, an Iowa corporation, pursuant to which ATBancorp will merge with and into the Company. In connection with the merger, American Trust & Savings Bank, an Iowa state chartered bank and wholly owned subsidiary of ATBancorp, and American Bank & Trust Wisconsin, a Wisconsin state chartered bank and wholly owned subsidiary of ATBancorp, will merge with and into the Bank, which will continue as the surviving bank. The merger agreement also provides that each of the outstanding shares of ATBancorp common stock will be converted into the right of ATBancorp shareholders to receive 117.55 shares of Company common stock and $992.51 in cash. The corporate headquarters of the combined company will be in Iowa City, Iowa. The merger is anticipated to be completed in the second quarter of 2019.

For further information, please refer to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on August 22, 2018.

Note 24.
Branch Sales

On September 24, 2015, Central Bank, which at the time was a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into an agreement to sell its Barron and Rice Lake, Wisconsin branches to Citizens Community Federal Bank headquartered in Altoona, Wisconsin, a unit of Citizens Community Bancorp, Inc. of Eau Claire, Wisconsin. Citizens Community Federal Bank assumed approximately $27.6 million in deposits and $14.2 million in loans. The transaction was completed on February 5, 2016, and the Company realized a net gain of $0.7 million, which is included on the Consolidated Statements of Income in Other gain.
 
On May 9, 2016, the Bank entered into an agreement to sell its Davenport, Iowa branch to CBI Bank and Trust (“CBI Bank”) headquartered in Muscatine, Iowa, a unit of Central Bancshares, Inc. of Muscatine, Iowa. CBI Bank assumed approximately $12.0 million in deposits and $33.0 million in loans on the sale completion date of August 5, 2016, and the Company realized a net gain of $0.7 million, which is included on the Consolidated Statements of Income in Other gain.


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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 25.
Parent Company Only Financial Information

The following are condensed balance sheets of MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (parent company only):
 
As of December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
(in thousands)
 
 
 
Balance Sheets
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
Cash
$
9,611

 
$
4,200

Investment in subsidiaries
372,595

 
366,672

Equity securities, at fair value
340

 
392

Debt securities held to maturity
743

 
743

Income tax receivable
117

 
—

Deferred income taxes
44

 
—

Bank-owned life insurance
4,999

 
4,872

Other assets
399

 
176

Total assets
$
388,848

 
$
377,055

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
Junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts
$
23,888

 
$
23,793

Long-term debt
7,500

 
12,500

Deferred income taxes
—

 
11

Other liabilities
393

 
447

Total liabilities
31,781

 
36,751

Shareholders’ equity:
 
 
 
Capital stock, preferred
—

 
—

Capital stock, common
12,463

 
12,463

Additional paid-in capital
187,813

 
187,486

Treasury stock
(6,499
)
 
(5,121
)
Retained earnings
168,951

 
148,078

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(5,661
)
 
(2,602
)
Total shareholders’ equity
357,067

 
340,304

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$
388,848

 
$
377,055



The following are condensed statements of income of MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 (parent company only):
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
Statements of Income
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends received from subsidiaries
$
25,017

 
$
6,500

 
$
12,508

Interest income and dividends on investment securities
43

 
47

 
31

Investment securities gains
(48
)
 
—

 
—

Interest on debt
(1,596
)
 
(1,406
)
 
(1,305
)
Bank-owned life insurance income
127

 
126

 
128

Operating expenses
(2,940
)
 
(2,281
)
 
(2,094
)
Income before income taxes and equity in subsidiaries’ undistributed income
20,603

 
2,986

 
9,268

Income tax benefit
(823
)
 
(1,137
)
 
(1,245
)
Income before equity in subsidiaries’ undistributed income
21,426

 
4,123

 
10,513

Equity in subsidiaries’ undistributed income
8,925

 
14,576

 
9,878

Net income
$
30,351

 
$
18,699

 
$
20,391



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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


The following are condensed statements of cash flows of MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 (parent company only):
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
Statements of Cash Flows
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
30,351

 
$
18,699

 
$
20,391

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Undistributed income of subsidiaries, net of dividends and distributions
(8,925
)
 
(14,576
)
 
(9,878
)
Amortization of premium on junior subordinated notes issued to capital trusts
95

 
101

 
105

Deferred income taxes, net, benefit
(42
)
 
(93
)
 
(35
)
Investment securities loss
48

 
—

 
—

Excess tax benefit from share-based award activity
(4
)
 
(92
)
 
—

Stock-based compensation
1,030

 
868

 
731

Increase in cash value of bank-owned life insurance
(127
)
 
(126
)
 
(128
)
(Increase) decrease in other assets
(453
)
 
1,617

 
(751
)
Increase in other liabilities
59

 
13

 
8

Net cash provided by operating activities
22,032

 
6,411

 
10,443

Cash flows from investing activities
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from sales of available for sale securities
1

 
1

 
1

Purchase of available for sale securities
(10
)
 
(10
)
 
(9
)
Investment in subsidiary
—

 
(16,200
)
 
—

Net cash used in investing activities
(9
)
 
(16,209
)
 
(8
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from share-based award activity
137

 
100

 
14

Excess tax benefits from share-based award activity
4

 
92

 
—

Taxes paid relating to net share settlement of equity awards
(89
)
 
(114
)
 
—

Repurchase of common stock
(2,129
)
 
—

 
—

Payments on long-term debt
(5,000
)
 
(5,000
)
 
(5,000
)
Issuance of common stock
—

 
25,688

 
—

Expenses incurred in stock issuance
—

 
(1,328
)
 
—

Dividends paid
(9,535
)
 
(8,061
)
 
(7,317
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
(16,612
)
 
11,377

 
(12,303
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash
5,411

 
1,579

 
(1,868
)
Cash Balance:
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning
4,200

 
2,621

 
4,489

Ending
$
9,611

 
$
4,200

 
$
2,621



Note 26.
Subsequent Events

Management evaluated subsequent events through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued. Events or transactions occurring after December 31, 2018, but prior to the date the consolidated financial statements were issued, that provided additional evidence about conditions that existed at December 31, 2018 have been recognized in the consolidated financial statements for the period ended December 31, 2018. Events or transactions that provided evidence about conditions that did not exist at December 31, 2018, but arose before the consolidated financial statements were issued, have not been recognized in the consolidated financial statements for the period ended December 31, 2018.

On January 15, 2019, the board of directors of the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.2025 per share payable on March 15, 2019 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on February 28, 2019.


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MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Pursuant to the Company’s share repurchase program approved on October 16, 2018, the Company has purchased 31,229 shares of common stock subsequent to December 31, 2018 and through March 6, 2019 for a total cost of $0.8 million inclusive of transaction costs, leaving $3.1 million remaining available under the program.

Note 27.
Quarterly Results of Operations (unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended
 
December 31
 
September 30
 
June 30
 
March 31
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
$
33,399

 
$
32,460

 
$
31,973

 
$
30,992

Interest expense
6,671

 
6,099

 
5,392

 
4,679

Net interest income
26,728

 
26,361

 
26,581

 
26,313

Provision for loan losses
3,250

 
950

 
1,250

 
1,850

Noninterest income
5,645

 
5,984

 
5,487

 
5,672

Noninterest expense
19,803

 
22,811

 
20,531

 
20,358

Income before income taxes
9,320

 
8,584

 
10,287

 
9,777

Income tax expense
1,696

 
1,806

 
2,131

 
1,984

Net income
$
7,624

 
$
6,778

 
$
8,156

 
$
7,793

Net income per common share - basic
$
0.62

 
$
0.55

 
$
0.67

 
$
0.64

Net income per common share - diluted
$
0.62

 
$
0.55

 
$
0.67

 
$
0.64

2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
$
30,538

 
$
30,361

 
$
29,854

 
$
28,567

Interest expense
4,127

 
3,869

 
3,663

 
3,486

Net interest income
26,411

 
26,492

 
26,191

 
25,081

Provision for loan losses
10,669

 
4,384

 
1,240

 
1,041

Noninterest income
5,534

 
5,916

 
5,383

 
5,537

Noninterest expense
20,093

 
19,744

 
19,964

 
20,335

Income before income taxes
1,183

 
8,280

 
10,370

 
9,242

Income tax expense
2,773

 
1,938

 
3,136

 
2,529

Net income (loss)
$
(1,590
)
 
$
6,342

 
$
7,234

 
$
6,713

Net income (loss) per common share - basic
$
(0.13
)
 
$
0.52

 
$
0.59

 
$
0.58

Net income (loss) per common share - diluted
$
(0.13
)
 
$
0.52

 
$
0.59

 
$
0.58



ITEM 9.
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.
None.


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ITEM 9A.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or Rule 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2018.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2018 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting. Internal control is designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company’s management and board of directors regarding the preparation of reliable published financial statements. Internal control over financial reporting includes self-monitoring mechanisms, and actions are taken to correct deficiencies as they are identified.
Because of inherent limitations in any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected, including the possibility of the circumvention or overriding of controls. Accordingly, even effective internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation. Further, because of changes in conditions, internal control effectiveness may vary over time.

Management assessed the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. This assessment was based on criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting described in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer assert that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 based on the specified criteria.

The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, has been audited by RSM US LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm who also has audited the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. RSM US LLP’s report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting appears on the following page.


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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc.


Opinion on the Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries, (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 and the consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements of the Company and our report dated March 8, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Controls over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ RSM US LLP
Cedar Rapids, Iowa
March 8, 2019
 


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ITEM 9B.
OTHER INFORMATION.
None.

PART III

ITEM 10.
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.
The information required by this Item 10 will be included in the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders under the headings “Proposal 1: Election of Directors,” “Information About Nominees, Continuing Directors and Named Executive Officers,” “Corporate Governance and Board Matters,” “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance,” and “Shareholder Communications with the Board and Nomination and Proposal Procedures” and is incorporated herein by reference. The Definitive Proxy Statement will be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days of the end of the Company’s 2018 fiscal year.

ITEM 11.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.
The information required by this Item 11 will be included in the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders under the headings “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Compensation Committee Report,” “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” “Executive Compensation” and “Director Compensation” and is incorporated herein by reference. The Definitive Proxy Statement will be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days of the end of the Company’s 2018 fiscal year.

ITEM 12.
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.
The information required by this Item 12 will be included in the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders under the headings “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information” and is incorporated herein by reference. The Definitive Proxy Statement will be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days of the end of the Company’s 2018 fiscal year.

ITEM 13.
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.
The information required by this Item 13 will be included in the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders under the headings “Corporate Governance and Board Matters” and “Certain Relationships and Related-Person Transactions” and is incorporated herein by reference. The Definitive Proxy Statement will be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days of the end of the Company’s 2018 fiscal year.

ITEM 14.
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.
The information required by this Item 14 will be included in the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders under the caption “Proposal 4: Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” and is incorporated herein by reference. The Definitive Proxy Statement will be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days of the end of the Company’s 2018 fiscal year.

PART IV

ITEM 15.
EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.
Financial Statements and Schedules
The Consolidated Financial Statements of MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries are included in Item 8 of this report.

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Exhibits
Exhibit
 
 
 
 
Number
 
Description
 
Incorporated by Reference to:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated
 
Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K
 
 
November 20, 2014, between MidWestOne Financial
 
filed with the SEC on November 21, 2014
 
 
Group, Inc. and Central Bancshares, Inc.+
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated
 
Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K
 
 
August 21, 2018, between MidWestOne Financial
 
filed with the SEC on August 22, 2018
 
 
Group, Inc. and ATBancorp+
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of
 
Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to
 
 
MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. filed with the
 
Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-147628)
 
 
Secretary of State of the State of Iowa on March 14, 2008
 
filed with the SEC on January 14, 2008
 
 
 
 
 
 
Articles of Amendment (First Amendment) to the
 
Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K
 
 
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of
 
filed with the SEC on January 23, 2009
 
 
MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. filed with the
 
 
 
 
Secretary of State of the State of Iowa on
 
 
 
 
January 23, 2009
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Articles of Amendment (Second Amendment) to the
 
Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K
 
 
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of
 
filed with the SEC on February 6, 2009
 
 
MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. filed with the
 
 
 
 
Secretary of State of the State of Iowa on
 
 
 
 
February 4, 2009 (containing the Certificate of
 
 
 
 
Designations for the Company’s Fixed Rate
 
 
 
 
Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Articles of Amendment (Third Amendment) to the
 
Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter
 
 
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of
 
ended March 31, 2017, filed with the SEC on May 4, 2017
 
 
MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc., filed with the Secretary
 
 
 
 
of State of the State of Iowa on April 21, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of MidWestOne
 
Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K
 
 
Financial Group, Inc.
 
filed with the SEC on February 1, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
4.1
 
Reference is made to Exhibits 3.1 through 3.5 hereof
 
N/A
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shareholder Agreement, by and among MidWestOne
 
Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K
 
 
Financial Group, Inc., Riverbank Insurance Center, Inc.,
 
filed with the SEC on November 21, 2014
 
 
CBS LLC, John M. Morrison Revocable Trust #4 and
 
 
 
 
John M. Morrison, dated November 20, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. Employee Stock
 
Exhibit 10.1 of former MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc.’s
 
 
Ownership Plan and Trust (Restated as of January 1,
 
Form 10-K (File No. 000-24630) for the year ended
 
 
2006)*
 
December 31, 2006, filed with the SEC on March 23, 2007
 
 
 
 
 
 
ISB Financial Corp. (now known as MidWestOne
 
Appendix F of the Joint Proxy Statement-Prospectus
 
 
Financial Group, Inc.) 2008 Equity Incentive Plan*
 
constituting part of the Company’s Amendment No. 2 to
 
 
 
 
Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-147628)
 
 
 
 
filed with the SEC on January 22, 2008

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Exhibit
 
 
 
 
Number
 
Description
 
Incorporated by Reference to:
 
 
 
 
 
 
MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. 2017 Equity
 
Appendix A of the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement on
 
 
Incentive Plan*
 
Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on March 10, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
Form of MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. 2017 Equity
 
Exhibit 4.7 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form
 
 
Incentive Plan Incentive Stock Option Award Agreement*
 
S-8 (File No. 333-217718) filed with the SEC on May 5, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
Form of MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. 2017 Equity
 
Exhibit 4.8 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form
 
 
Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement*
 
S-8 (File No. 333-217718) filed with the SEC on May 5, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
Employment Agreement between MidWestOne Financial
 
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on
 
 
Group, Inc. and Charles N. Funk, dated October 18, 2017*
 
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 18, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
Employment Agreement between MidWestOne Financial
 
Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on
 
 
Group, Inc. and Kent L. Jehle, dated October 18, 2017*
 
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 18, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
Supplemental Retirement Agreement between Iowa State
 
Exhibit 10.13 of the Company’s Registration Statement on
 
 
Bank & Trust Company (now known as MidWestOne
 
Form S-4 (File No. 333-147628) filed with the SEC on
 
 
Bank) and Charles N. Funk, dated November 1, 2001*
 
November 27, 2007
 
 
 
 
 
 
Supplemental Retirement Agreement between Iowa State
 
Exhibit 10.16 of the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to
 
 
Bank & Trust Company (now known as MidWestOne
 
Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-147628)
 
 
Bank) and Kent L. Jehle, dated January 1, 1998, as
 
filed with the SEC on January 14, 2008
 
 
amended by the First Amendment to the Supplemental
 
 
 
 
Retirement Agreement, dated January 1, 2003*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Second Supplemental Retirement Agreement between
 
Exhibit 10.17 of the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to
 
 
Iowa State Bank & Trust Company (now known as
 
Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-147628)
 
 
MidWestOne Bank) and Kent L. Jehle, dated January 1,
 
filed with the SEC on January 14, 2008
 
 
2002*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Employment Agreement between MidWestOne Financial
 
Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on
 
 
Group, Inc. and James M. Cantrell, dated October 18,
 
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 18, 2017
 
 
2017*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Employment Agreement between MidWestOne Financial
 
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on
 
 
Group, Inc. and Kurt Weise, dated December 12, 2014*
 
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 3, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
Letter Amendment to Employment Agreement between
 
Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on
 
 
MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. and Kurt Weise
 
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 3, 2016
 
 
effective as of September 30, 2016*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Employment Agreement between MidWestOne Financial
 
Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on
 
 
Group, Inc. and Kevin Kramer, dated October 18, 2017*
 
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 18, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
Employment Agreement between MidWestOne Financial
 
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K
 
 
Group, Inc. and Mitch Cook, dated May 11, 2017*
 
filed with the SEC on May 15, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
Central Bank Supplemental Retirement Agreement 2008
 
Exhibit 10.19 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year
 
 
Restatement between Central Bank (now known as
 
ended December 31, 2016 filed with the SEC on March 2,
 
 
MidWestOne Bank) and Kurt Weise, dated December 30,
 
2017
 
 
2008*
 
 

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Exhibit
 
 
 
 
Number
 
Description
 
Incorporated by Reference to:
 
 
 
 
 
 
First Amendment to the Central Bank Supplemental
 
Exhibit 10.20 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year
 
 
Retirement Agreement (2008 Restatement) for Kurt
 
ended December 31, 2016 filed with the SEC on March 2,
 
 
Weise between Central Bank (now known as MidWestOne
 
2017
 
 
Bank) and Kurt Weise, dated April 23, 2014*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Central Bank 2014 Supplemental Retirement Agreement
 
Exhibit 10.21 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year
 
 
between Central Bank (now known as MidWestOne Bank)
 
ended December 31, 2016 filed with the SEC on March 2,
 
 
and Mitch Cook, dated September 30, 2014*
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Agreement by and between MidWestOne
 
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter
 
 
Financial Group, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association
 
ended June 30, 2015 filed with the SEC on August 10, 2015
 
 
dated April 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Employment Agreement between MidWestOne Financial
 
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on
 
 
Group, Inc. and Barry S. Ray, effective June 4, 2018*
 
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 4, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
Employment Agreement between MidWestOne Financial
 
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on
 
 
Group, Inc. and Gary L. Sims, effective June 25, 2018*
 
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 11, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
Release and Waiver of Claims between MidWestOne
 
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on
 
 
Financial Group, Inc. and Kent L. Jehle, dated August 31,
 
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 4, 2018
 
 
2018*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change of Control Agreement between MidWestOne
 
Filed herewith
 
 
Financial Group, Inc. and David Lindstrom, effective
 
 
 
 
February 21, 2018*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subsidiaries of MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc.
 
Filed herewith
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consent of RSM US LLP
 
Filed herewith
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to
 
Filed herewith
 
 
Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to
 
Filed herewith
 
 
Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to
 
Filed herewith
 
 
18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to
 
 
 
 
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to
 
Filed herewith
 
 
18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to
 
 
 
 
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
 
Filed herewith
 
 
 
 
 
101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
 
Filed herewith
 
 
Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

124
Table of Contents

Exhibit
 
 
 
 
Number
 
Description
 
Incorporated by Reference to:
 
 
 
 
 
101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
 
Filed herewith
 
 
Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
 
Filed herewith
 
 
 
 
 
101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
 
Filed herewith
 
 
Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
+ Schedules and/or exhibits to the Exhibit have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. The Company agrees to furnish
a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit to the SEC upon request.
* Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

ITEM 16.
FORM 10-K SUMMARY.
None.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
MIDWESTONE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dated:
March 8, 2019
By:
 
/s/ CHARLES N. FUNK
 
 
 
 
 
Charles N. Funk
 
 
 
 
 
President and Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
 
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
 
/s/ BARRY S. RAY
 
 
 
 
 
Barry S. Ray
 
 
 
 
 
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
 
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ CHARLES N. FUNK
 
President and Chief Executive Officer;
 
March 8, 2019
Charles N. Funk
 
Director (Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Senior Vice President
 
 
/s/ BARRY S. RAY
 
and Chief Financial Officer
 
March 8, 2019
Barry S. Ray
 
(Principal Financial and Accounting
 
 
 
 
Officer)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ KEVIN W. MONSON
 
Chairman of the Board
 
March 8, 2019
Kevin W. Monson
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ LARRY D. ALBERT
 
Director
 
March 8, 2019
Larry D. Albert
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ RICHARD R. DONOHUE
 
Director
 
March 8, 2019
Richard R. Donohue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
JENNIFER L. HAUSCHILDT
 
Director
 
March 8, 2019
Jennifer L. Hauschildt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ NATHANIEL J. KAEDING
 
Director
 
March 8, 2019
Nathaniel J. Kaeding
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ TRACY S. MCCORMICK
 
Director
 
March 8, 2019
Tracy S. McCormick
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ RICHARD J. SCHWAB
 
Director
 
March 8, 2019
Richard J. Schwab
 
 
 
 

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/s/ RUTH E. STANOCH
 
Director
 
March 8, 2019
Ruth E. Stanoch
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ DOUGLAS K. TRUE
 
Director
 
March 8, 2019
Douglas K. True
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ KURT R. WEISE
 
Director
 
March 8, 2019
Kurt R. Weise
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ R. SCOTT ZAISER
 
Director
 
March 8, 2019
R. Scott Zaiser
 
 
 
 


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