As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 13, 2018

Securities Act File No.  333-225639

Investment Company Act File No.  811-21357

U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C.  20549

FORM N-2

☒ Registration Statement Under the Securities Act of 1933

☒ Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2

☐ Post-Effective Amendment No.

and/or

☒ Registration Statement Under the Investment Company Act of 1940

☒ Amendment No. 9

Franklin Limited Duration Income Trust

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified In Charter)

c/o Franklin Advisers, Inc.

One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code: (650) 312-2000

Craig S. Tyle, One Franklin Parkway

San Mateo, CA 94403-1906

(Name and Address of Agent For Service)

Copies of information to:

Rose F. DiMartino, Esq.

Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP

787 Seventh Avenue

New York, New York 10019

Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering:  From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

If any securities being registered on this form will be offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered in connection with a dividend reinvestment plan, check the following box.  ☒

It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box)

☒ when declared effective pursuant to section 8(c).

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

THE REGISTRANT HEREBY AMENDS THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR DATES AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL THE REGISTRANT SHALL FILE A FURTHER AMENDMENT WHICH SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 8(a) OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OR UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL BECOME EFFECTIVE ON SUCH DATE AS THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, ACTING PURSUANT TO SAID SECTION 8(a), MAY DETERMINE.

The information in this Prospectus is not complete and may be changed.  Franklin Limited Duration Income Trust may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective.  This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED SEPTEMBER 13, 2018

PRELIMINARY BASE PROSPECTUS

$200,000,000

FRANKLIN LIMITED DURATION INCOME TRUST

Common Shares

Rights to Purchase Common Shares

The Franklin Limited Duration Income Trust, a Delaware statutory trust (“Fund,” “we,” “us” or “our”), is a diversified, closed-end management investment company.  The Fund seeks to provide high current income, with a secondary objective of capital appreciation to the extent possible and consistent with the Fund’s primary objective. 

We may offer, from time to time, in one or more offerings, our common shares, no par value (“Common Shares”), or subscription rights to purchase our Common Shares.  Common Shares may be offered at prices and on terms to be set forth in one or more supplements to this Prospectus (each, a “Prospectus Supplement”).  You should read this Prospectus and the applicable Prospectus Supplement carefully before you invest in our Common Shares.

Our Common Shares may be offered directly to one or more purchasers, including existing shareholders in a rights offering, through agents designated from time to time by us, or to or through underwriters or dealers.  The Prospectus Supplement relating to the offering will identify any agents or underwriters involved in the sale of our Common Shares, and will set forth any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount arrangement between us and our agents or underwriters, or among our underwriters, or the basis upon which such amount may be calculated.  The Prospectus Supplement relating to any offering of rights will set forth the number of Common Shares issuable upon the exercise of each right (or number of rights) and the other terms of such rights offering.  We may not sell any of our Common Shares through agents, underwriters or dealers without delivery of a Prospectus Supplement describing the method and terms of the particular offering of our Common Shares.

Our Common Shares are listed on the NYSE American under the symbol “FTF”.  The last reported sale price of our Common Shares, as reported by the NYSE American on September 11, 2018 was $11.30 per Common Share.  The net asset value of our Common Shares at the close of business on September 11, 2018 was $11.55 per Common Share.  Rights issued by the Fund may also be listed on a securities exchange.

An investment in the Common Shares involves certain risks and special considerations.  For a discussion of these and other risks, see “Risks and Special Considerations.”

Shares of closed-end investment companies frequently trade at a discount to their net asset value.  The Fund’s Common Shares have traded at a discount to net asset value, including during recent periods.  If the Fund’s Common Shares trade at a discount to its net asset value, the risk of loss may increase for purchasers in a public offering.  See “Risks and Special Considerations—Net Asset Value Discount Risk.”

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus.  Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

This Prospectus, together with any Prospectus Supplement, sets forth concisely the information about the Fund that a prospective investor should know before investing.  You should read this Prospectus and applicable Prospectus Supplement, which contain important information, before deciding whether to invest in the Common Shares.  You should retain the Prospectus and Prospectus Supplement for future reference.  A Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”), dated September 13, 2018, containing additional information about the Fund, has been filed with the SEC and is incorporated by reference in its entirety into this Prospectus.  The table of contents for the SAI is on page 75 of the Prospectus.  You may call (800) DIAL BEN/342-5236, visit the Fund’s website at www.franklintempleton.com or forward a written request to Franklin Templeton Investor Services, LLC, P.O.  Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-9983 to obtain, free of charge, copies of the SAI and the Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders, as well as to obtain other information about the Fund and to make shareholder inquiries.

The Fund’s SAI, as well as the annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders, are also available on the Fund’s website at www.franklintempleton.com.  The SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains the SAI, material incorporated by reference into the Fund’s registration statement and other information about the Fund.

Our Common Shares do not represent a deposit or obligation of, and are not guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank or other insured depository institution, and are not federally insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.

Prospectus dated September 13, 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS

You should rely only on the information contained in, or incorporated by reference into, this Prospectus and any related Prospectus Supplement in making your investment decisions.  The Fund has not authorized any person to provide you with different information.  If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it.  The Fund is not making an offer to sell the Common Shares in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.  You should assume that the information in this Prospectus and any Prospectus Supplement is accurate only as of the dates on their covers.  The Fund’s business, financial condition and prospects may have changed since the date of its description in this Prospectus or the date of its description in any Prospectus Supplement.

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

The following information is only a summary.  You should consider the more detailed information contained in the Prospectus and in any related Prospectus Supplement and in the SAI before purchasing Common Shares, especially the information under “Risks and Special Considerations” on page 44 of the Prospectus.

SUMMARY OF FUND EXPENSES

Shareholder Transaction Expenses

Annual Operating Expenses

Example

An investor would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment in the Fund, assuming a 5% annual return:

The above table and example are intended to assist investors in understanding the various costs and expenses directly or indirectly associated with investing in Shares of the Fund.  The “Example” assumes that all dividends and other distributions are reinvested at net asset value and that the percentage amounts listed in the table above under Total Annual Operating Expenses remain the same in the years shown.  The above table and example and the assumption in the example of a 5% annual return are required by regulations of the SEC that are applicable to all investment companies; the assumed 5% annual return is not a prediction of, and does not represent, the projected or actual performance of the Fund’s Common Shares.  For more complete descriptions of certain of the Fund’s costs and expenses, see “Management of the Fund.”

The example should not be considered a representation of past or future expenses, and the Fund’s actual expenses may be greater than or less than those shown.  Moreover, the Fund’s actual rate of return may be greater or less than the hypothetical 5% return shown in the example.

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

The financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Fund’s financial performance.  Information is shown for the Fund’s last ten fiscal years and for the fiscal period ended December 31, 2017.  Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund Share.  The information for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014 and 2013, has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund, whose reports thereon were unqualified.  The information for the fiscal period ended June 30, 2018 is unaudited. The report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP is included in the Fund’s December 31, 2017 Annual Report, and is incorporated by reference into the SAI.  The Fund’s financial statements are included in the Fund’s Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report and are incorporated by reference into the SAI.

^a For the period April 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017. 

^b Based on average daily Common Shares outstanding. 

^c Based on the last sale on the NYSE American. 

^d Total return is not annualized for periods less than one year. 

^e Based on income and expenses applicable to both common and preferred shares. 

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^f Ratios are annualized for periods less than one year, except for non-recurring expenses, if any. 

^g Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%. 

^h Benefit of waiver and payments by affiliates rounds to less than 0.01%. 

^I See Note 1(d) regarding mortgage dollar rolls. 

^j Preferred Shares were redeemed on August 31, 2018.

____________________

^a  Based on average daily Common Shares outstanding.

^b  Based on the last sale on the NYSE Amex.

^c  Based on income and expenses applicable to both Common Shares and any Preferred Shares outstanding during the relevant year.

^d  Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%

^e  See Note 1(e) regarding mortgage dollar rolls.

^f  Prior amount of $115,173 has been corrected to include the impact of mortgage dollar rolls.

USE OF PROCEEDS

The Fund will invest the net proceeds of the offering in accordance with the Fund’s investment objectives and policies as stated below.  It is presently anticipated that the Fund will be able to invest substantially all of the net proceeds in debt obligations and other investments that meet its investment objectives and policies within three months after the completion of the offering; however, the identification of appropriate investment opportunities pursuant to the Fund’s investment style or changes in market conditions could result in the Fund’s anticipated investment period extending to as long as six months.  Pending such investment, the Fund anticipates investing the proceeds in short-term securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities or in high quality, short-term or long-term debt obligations or money market instruments.

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THE FUND

The Fund is a diversified, closed-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (the “1940 Act”).  The Fund was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on May 8, 2003, pursuant to the Declaration, which is governed by the laws of the State of Delaware.  On June 30, 2014, the Fund was renamed from “Franklin Templeton Limited Duration Income Trust” to “Franklin Limited Duration Income Trust.” The Fund’s principal office is located at One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, California 94403-1906, and its telephone number is 1-800-DIAL-BEN (1-800-342-5236). 

The Fund commenced operations on August 26, 2003, upon the initiation of an initial public offering of 24,600,000 of its Common Shares.  The proceeds of such offering were approximately $351.7 million after the payment of organizational and offering expenses.  On September 25, 2003, the Fund issued an additional 1,000,000 of its Common Shares, and on October 14, 2003, the Fund issued an additional 960,000 of its Common Shares in connection with the exercise by the underwriters of the over-allotment option.  The Fund’s Common Shares are traded on the NYSE American under the symbol “FTF”.  On November 5, 2003, the Fund issued Preferred Shares, all of which were redeemed by August 31, 2018.

DESCRIPTION OF SHARES

Common Shares

The Declaration authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of Common Shares.  All Common Shares have equal rights to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon liquidation.  Common Shares will, when issued, be fully paid and, subject to matters discussed in “Anti-Takeover and Other Provisions in the Declaration of Trust,” non-assessable, and will have no pre-emptive or conversion rights or rights to cumulative voting.  Whenever preferred shares and/or borrowings are outstanding, the Fund will not have the power to pay distributions on Common Shares unless all accrued dividends on the preferred shares and interest and principal payments on borrowings have been paid, and unless the applicable asset coverage requirements under the 1940 Act would be satisfied after giving effect to the distribution.

The Common Shares are listed on the NYSE American.  The Fund intends to hold annual meetings of shareholders so long as the Common Shares are listed on a national securities exchange and such meetings are required as a condition to such listing.

The Fund’s net asset value per share generally increases when interest rates decline, and generally decreases when interest rates rise, and these changes are likely to be greater because the Fund has a leveraged capital structure. 

Unlike open-end funds, closed-end funds like the Fund do not continuously offer shares and do not provide daily redemptions.  Rather, if a shareholder determines to buy additional Common Shares or sell shares already held, the shareholder may do so by trading on the exchange through a broker or otherwise.  Shares of closed-end investment companies may frequently trade on an exchange at prices lower than net asset value.  Shares of closed-end investment companies, like the Fund, that invest predominantly in debt obligations have during some periods traded at prices higher than net asset value and during other periods have traded at prices lower than net asset value.  See “Risks and Special Considerations—Net Asset Value Discount Risk.”  The Fund’s Declaration limits the ability of the Fund to convert to open-end status.  See “Anti-Takeover and Other Provisions in the Declaration of Trust.”

The Fund’s Common Shares have traded in the market below, at and above net asset value since the commencement of the Fund’s operations.  However, it has recently been the case that the Fund’s Common Shares have traded at a discount from net asset value.  The Fund cannot determine the reasons why the Fund’s Common Shares trade at a premium to or discount from net asset value, nor can the Fund predict whether its Shares will trade in the future at a premium to or discount from net asset value, or the level of any premium or discount.  Shares of closed-end investment companies frequently trade at a discount from net asset value.  Because the market value of the Common Shares may be influenced by such factors as dividend levels (which are in turn affected by expenses), call protection, dividend stability, portfolio credit quality, net asset value, relative demand for and supply of such shares in the market, general market and economic conditions, and other factors beyond the control of the Fund, the Fund cannot assure you that the Common Shares will trade at a price equal to or higher than net asset value in the future.  The Common Shares are designed primarily for long-term investors, and investors in the Common Shares should not view the Fund as a vehicle for trading purposes.  See “Leverage” and “Repurchase of Common Shares; Conversion to Open-End Fund.”

The Fund’s outstanding Common Shares are, and when issued, the Common Shares offered by this Prospectus will be, publicly held and listed and traded on the NYSE American.  The Fund determines its net asset value on a daily basis.  The following table sets forth, for the quarters indicated, the highest and lowest daily closing prices on the NYSE American per Common Share, and the net asset value per Common Share and the premium to or discount from net asset value, on the date of each of the high and low market prices.  The table also sets forth the number of Common Shares traded on the NYSE American during the respective quarters.

The net asset value per Common Share on September 11, 2018 was $11.55 and the market price per Common Share at the close of business on September 11, 2018 was $11.30, representing a 2.16% discount from such net asset value.

The Fund has an unlimited amount of authorized shares.  As of September 5, 2018, the Fund has outstanding 22,604,126 Common Shares.

Share Repurchase Program.  Under the Board-approved open-market share repurchase program which commenced on June 1, 2016, the Fund may purchase, from time to time, up to 10% of the Fund’s Common Shares in open-market transactions, at the discretion of management.  Since the inception of the program, the Fund has repurchased a total of 242,561 Common Shares. 

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Tender Offer.  In accordance with its offer to purchase for cash up to 15% of its issued and outstanding Common Shares (3,988,963 shares), each without par value, which offer expired on Friday, March 3, 2017 and was oversubscribed, the Fund accepted the maximum allowed by the offer of 3,988,963 Common Shares for cash payment at a price equal to $12.73 per Common Share.  This purchase price was 98% of the Fund’s net asset value per Common Share of $12.99 as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE American on March 6, 2017.

Preferred Shares

Under the Declaration, the Fund is authorized to issue preferred shares having such par value and such preferences, voting powers, terms of redemption, if any, and special or relative rights or privileges (including conversion rights, if any) as determined by the Board of Trustees, without the approval of Common Shareholders.

Series of preferred shares may be issued in one or more classes or series, with such par value and rights as determined by the Board of Trustees, by action of the Board of Trustees without the approval of the Common Shareholders.  Any decision by the Board to authorize an offering of preferred shares is subject to market conditions and to the Board’s belief that leveraging the Fund’s capital structure through the issuance of preferred shares is likely to achieve the benefits to the Common Shareholders.  The terms of any series of preferred shares will be determined by the Board of Trustees (subject to applicable law and the Fund’s Declaration) if and when it authorizes a preferred shares offering.

The Fund offered Preferred Shares in 2003, all of which were redeemed by August 31, 2018.

Authorized Shares

The following tables provides the Fund’s authorized shares and Common Shares outstanding as of September 5, 2018.

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES

Investment Objectives

The Fund seeks to provide high current income, with a secondary objective of capital appreciation to the extent possible and consistent with the Fund’s primary objective.  Under normal market conditions, the Fund will seek to achieve its investment objectives by investing in debt securities and other income-producing instruments, allocated primarily among three distinct investment categories:  (1) mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities; (2) bank loans made to corporate and other business entities; and (3) below investment grade debt securities and other income-producing instruments, as described under “Portfolio Contents and Other Information.”  The Investment Manager has broad discretion to allocate the Fund’s assets among the three principal investment categories.  There is no limitation on the percentage of the Fund’s assets that may be allocated to each of these investment categories; provided that, under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 20% of its total assets in each category. Additionally, the Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in Marketplace Loans and Marketplace Lending Instruments including:  (i) direct investments in Marketplace Loans to consumers, small- and mid-sized companies (“SMEs”) and other borrowers; (ii) investments in Pass-through Notes issued by a Platform representing the right to receive the principal and interest payments on a Marketplace Loan (or fractional portions thereof) originated through the Platform; (iii) investments in asset-backed securities representing ownership in a pool of Marketplace Loans; and (iv) investments in public or private investment funds that purchase Marketplace Loans.  The Marketplace Loans in which the Fund typically invests are newly issued and/or current as to interest and principal payments at the time of investment, and a substantial portion of the Fund’s Marketplace Lending Instrument investments are made through purchases of whole loans. The Fund cannot assure you that it will achieve its investment objectives. 

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Under normal market conditions, the Investment Manager expects the Fund to maintain an estimated average portfolio duration of between two and five years (including the effect of anticipated leverage).  This duration policy may only be changed following provision of 60 days’ prior notice to Common Shareholders.  In comparison to maturity (which is the date on which a debt instrument ceases and the issuer is obligated to repay the principal amount), duration is a measure of the price volatility of a debt instrument as a result of changes in market rates of interest, based on the weighted average timing of the instrument’s expected principal and interest payments.  Duration differs from maturity in that it considers a security’s yield, coupon payments, principal payments and call features in addition to the amount of time until the security finally matures.  As the value of a security changes over time, so will its duration.  Prices of securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than securities with shorter durations.  In general, a portfolio of securities with a longer duration can be expected to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than a portfolio with a shorter duration. 

The Fund cannot change its investment objectives without the approval of the holders of a “majority of the outstanding” Common Shares and any preferred shares voting together as a single class, and, if the Fund has preferred shares are outstanding, of the holders of a “majority of the outstanding” preferred shares voting as a separate class.  A “majority of the outstanding” shares (whether voting together as a single class or voting as a separate class) means (i) 67% or more of such shares present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of those shares are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of such shares, whichever is less.   

The Fund may not necessarily be leveraged at all times and the amount of borrowing or leverage, if any, may vary depending upon a variety of factors, including the Investment Manager’s outlook for the market for debt securities and other income-producing instruments and the costs that the Fund would incur as a result of such leverage. 

The Fund currently uses leverage through the borrowing of funds under a committed financing arrangement and the purchase of mortgage dollar rolls.  The Fund may use other forms of leverage, including through the issuance of senior securities such as preferred shares.  The Fund may also use leverage through the lending of portfolio securities, and the use of swaps, other derivatives, reverse repurchase agreements, and when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment transactions.  To mitigate leverage risk from such transactions, the Fund may segregate liquid assets against or otherwise cover its future obligations under such transactions.  See “Leverage.”  The Fund’s use of derivative instruments will be limited by the Fund’s 25% limit on illiquid investments to the extent they are determined to be illiquid.  See “Risks and Special Considerations—Liquidity Risk.”

By using leverage, the Fund will seek to obtain a higher return for holders of Common Shares than if the Fund did not use leverage.  Leveraging is a speculative technique and there are special risks involved.  There can be no assurance that a leveraging strategy will be used or that it will be successful during any period in which it is employed. 

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Portfolio Management Strategies

The ability of the Fund to use some of the strategies discussed below and in the SAI, such as derivatives, is limited by the rating agency guidelines.  See “Leverage.”

The Fund uses an active sector allocation strategy to try to achieve its goals of income and capital appreciation.  This means the Fund allocates its assets among securities in various market sectors based on the Investment Manager’s assessment of changing economic, global market, industry, and issuer conditions.  Consequently, the Fund, from time to time, may have significant positions in particular sectors.  The Investment Manager uses a “top-down” analysis of macroeconomic trends combined with a “bottom-up” fundamental analysis of market sectors, industries, and issuers to try to take advantage of varying sector reactions to economic events.  The Investment Manager evaluates business cycles, yield curves, and values between and within markets, as well as country risk and currency risk.  The Fund’s ability to achieve its investment goals depends in part upon the Investment Manager’s skill in determining the Fund’s asset allocation mix and sector weightings.  There can be no assurance that the Investment Manager’s analysis of the outlook for the economy and the business cycle will be correct. 

The Investment Manager also uses a research driven, fundamental strategy that relies on a team of analysts to provide in-depth industry expertise and that use both qualitative and quantitative (including but not limited to, consideration of such factors as financial projections, scenario analysis and stress testing) analysis to evaluate companies.  Employing a “bottom-up” investment strategy, the Investment Manager intends to focus on individual securities.  In selecting securities for the Fund’s investment portfolio, the Investment Manager will not rely principally on the ratings assigned by rating agencies, but will perform its own independent investment analysis to evaluate the creditworthiness of the issuer.  The Investment Manager considers a variety of factors, including the issuer’s experience and managerial strength, its sensitivity to economic conditions, and its current financial condition. 

At the same time, the Investment Manager uses a variety of techniques, described below and elsewhere in the Prospectus, designed to evaluate risk and manage the Fund’s exposure to investments that the Investment Manager believes are more likely to default or otherwise depreciate in value over time and detract from the Fund’s overall return to investors.  The Fund cannot assure you that such securities will ultimately continue to pay current income or be paid in full at maturity. 

When the Investment Manager believes market or economic conditions are unfavorable for investors, the Investment Manager may invest up to 100% of the Fund’s assets in a temporary defensive manner by holding all or a substantial portion of its assets in cash, cash equivalents or other high quality short-term investments.  Temporary defensive investments generally may include U.S. government securities, commercial paper, repurchase agreements and other money market securities.  The Investment Manager also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity.  In these circumstances, the Fund may be unable to achieve its investment goals.

PORTFOLIO CONTENTS AND OTHER INFORMATION

This section provides additional information regarding the types of securities and other instruments in which the Fund will ordinarily invest.  A more detailed discussion of these and other instruments and investment techniques that may be used by the Fund is provided under “Investment Objectives and Policies” and “Investment Restrictions and Additional Investment Information” in the Statement of Additional Information. 

The Fund invests in a diversified portfolio of debt securities and other income-producing instruments of varying maturities.  These may include bonds, debentures, notes and other similar types of debt instruments, such as asset-backed securities, as well as convertible securities, bank loans and loan participations, commercial and agency-issued mortgage securities, payment-in-kind securities, zero-coupon securities, bank certificates of deposit, fixed time deposits and bankers’ acceptances, structured notes and other hybrid instruments, real estate investment trusts, preferred shares, U.S. government securities, municipal securities, debt securities issued by foreign corporations or supra-national government agencies, mortgage-backed securities issued on a public or private basis, other types of asset-backed securities, and Marketplace Loans and Marketplace Lending Instruments. The Fund will not invest in inverse floaters or interest-only or principal-only mortgage securities. 

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Certain debt instruments, such as convertible bonds, also may include the right to participate in equity appreciation, and the Investment Manager will generally evaluate those instruments based primarily on their debt characteristics.  The Fund may hold equity securities; however, under ordinary circumstances, such investments will be limited to convertible securities, dividend-paying common or preferred stocks, or equity securities acquired in connection with a restructuring, a bankruptcy, a default, or the exercise of a conversion or purchase right.  See “—Additional Investment Practices—Equity Securities.”

The rate of interest on an income-producing security may be fixed, floating or variable.  The principal and/or interest rate on some debt instruments may be determined by reference to the performance of a benchmark asset or market, such as an index of securities, or the differential performance of two assets or markets, such as the level of exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency or currencies. 

The Fund may invest in debt securities and other income-producing instruments that are rated below investment grade.  The Fund may invest up to 15% of its total assets in securities or other income-producing instruments issued by companies and governments in any foreign country, including developed or developing countries. 

The Fund also may invest up to 5% of its total assets in securities or other income-producing instruments denominated in foreign currencies, including obligations of non-U.S. governments and their respective sub-divisions, agencies and government-sponsored enterprises.  The Fund also may use a variety of derivative instruments for hedging, duration management, investment and risk management purposes, such as options, futures contracts, swap agreements and short sales, and may seek to obtain market exposure to the securities in which it primarily invests by entering into a series of purchase and sales contracts. 

The Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in illiquid securities (i.e., securities that cannot be disposed of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the value at which the Fund has valued the securities).  Given the current structure of the markets for Rule 144A securities, the Fund may treat some of these securities as illiquid, except that Rule 144A securities may be deemed liquid by the Investment Manager under guidelines adopted by the Board of Trustees.  Although structured notes, bank loans and loan participations are not necessarily illiquid, to the extent such investments are deemed to be illiquid by the Investment Manager, they will be subject to the Fund’s restrictions on investments in illiquid securities.  The Fund’s use of derivative instruments will be limited by the Fund’s 25% limit on illiquid investments to the extent such derivatives are determined to be illiquid. 

Commercial and Other Mortgage-Related and Asset-Backed Securities

Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 20% of its assets in mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities.  Mortgage-related securities are debt instruments which provide periodic payments consisting of interest and/or principal that are derived from or related to payments of interest and/or principal on underlying mortgages.  Additional payments on mortgage-related securities may be made out of unscheduled prepayments of principal resulting from the sale of the underlying property, refinancing or foreclosure, net of fees or costs that may be incurred.  Under normal conditions, the Fund’s allocation to the investment category of mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities will be primarily composed of investments in mortgage-backed securities. 

The Fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in commercial mortgage-related securities issued by corporations.  These are securities that represent an interest in, or are secured by, mortgage loans secured by commercial property, such as industrial and warehouse properties, office buildings, retail space and shopping malls, multifamily properties and cooperative apartments, hotels and motels, nursing homes, hospitals, and senior living centers.  They may pay fixed or adjustable rates of interest.  The commercial mortgage loans that underlie commercial mortgage-related securities have certain distinct risk characteristics.  Commercial mortgage loans generally lack standardized terms, which may complicate their structure.  Commercial properties themselves tend to be unique and difficult to value.  Commercial mortgage loans tend to have shorter maturities than residential mortgage loans, and may not be fully amortizing, meaning that they may have a significant principal balance, or “balloon” payment, due on maturity.  In addition, commercial properties, particularly industrial and warehouse properties, are subject to environmental risks and the burdens and costs of compliance with environmental laws and regulations. 

Other mortgage-related securities in which the Fund may invest include mortgage pass-through securities, mortgage dollar rolls, and other securities that directly or indirectly represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans on real property.  The Fund will not invest in interest-only or principal-only mortgage securities. 

The Fund may invest in securities issued by trusts and special purpose corporations with principal and interest payouts backed by, or supported by, any of various types of assets.  These assets typically include receivables related to the purchase of manufactured housing, automobiles, credit card loans, and home equity loans.  These securities generally take the form of a structured type of security, including pass-through, pay-through and senior subordinated payout structures. 

The Fund may invest in other types of asset-backed securities that are offered in the marketplace, including Enhanced Equipment Trust Certificates (“EETCs”).  Although any entity may issue EETCs, to date, U.S. airlines are the primary issuers.  An airline EETC is an obligation secured directly by aircraft or aircraft engines as collateral.  EETCs tend to be less liquid than bonds.  Other asset-backed securities may be collateralized by the fees earned by service providers.  The value of asset-backed securities may be substantially dependent on the servicing of the underlying asset pools and are therefore subject to risks associated with the negligence of, or defalcation by, their servicers.  In certain circumstances, the mishandling of related documentation may also affect the rights of the security holders in and to the underlying collateral.  The insolvency of entities that generate receivables or that use the assets may result in added costs and delays in addition to losses associated with a decline in the value of the underlying assets. 

Please see “Investment Restrictions and Additional Investment Information—Mortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed Securities” in the SAI and “Risks and Special Considerations—Mortgage-Related Risk” in this Prospectus for a more detailed description of the types of mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities in which the Fund may invest and their related risks. 

Bank Loans and Loan Participations

Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 20% of its total assets in bank loans made to corporate and other business entities.  Such bank loans typically pay interest at rates which are re-determined periodically on the basis of a floating base lending rate such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus a premium.  The Fund may acquire loan participations and other related direct or indirect bank debt obligations (bank loans or loan participations), in which the Fund will buy from a lender a portion of a larger loan that the lender has made to a borrower.  The Investment Manager generally considers loan participations to be liquid.  To the extent loan participations are deemed to be liquid by the Investment Manager, they will not be subject to the Fund’s restrictions on investments in illiquid securities. 

Generally, loan participations are sold without guarantee or recourse to the lending institution and are subject to the credit risks of both the borrower and the lending institution.  Loan participations, however, may enable the Fund to acquire an interest in a loan from a financially strong borrower which it could not do directly.  While loan participations generally trade at par value, the Fund may be permitted to buy loan participations that sell at a discount because of the borrower’s credit problems or other issues associated with the credit risk of the loan.  To the extent the credit problems are resolved, loan participations may appreciate in value. 

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Indebtedness of companies whose creditworthiness is poor involves substantially greater risks, and may be highly speculative.  Some companies may never pay off their indebtedness, or may pay only a small fraction of the amount owed.  Consequently, when investing in indebtedness of companies with poor credit, the Fund bears a substantial risk of losing the entire amount invested.  If the Fund purchases a loan, it may only be able to enforce its rights through the lender, and may assume the credit risk of both the lender and the borrower. 

Bank loans and other floating-rate debt instruments are subject to the risk of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal.  Such non-payment would result in a reduction of income to the Fund, a reduction in the value of the investment and a potential decrease in the net asset value of the Fund.  Some bank loans may be secured by collateral; however, there can be no assurance that the liquidation of any collateral securing a bank loan would satisfy the borrower’s obligation in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal payments, or that such collateral could be readily liquidated.  I n the event of bankruptcy of a borrower, the Fund could experience delays or limitations with respect to its ability to realize the benefits of any collateral securing a bank loan.  Collateral securing a bank loan may lose all or substantially all of its value in the event of bankruptcy of a borrower.  Some bank loans are subject to the risk that a court, pursuant to fraudulent conveyance or other similar laws, could subordinate the bank loans to presently existing or future indebtedness of the borrower or take other action detrimental to the holders of the bank loans including, in certain circumstances, invalidating such bank loans or causing interest previously paid to be refunded to the borrower.  If interest were required to be refunded, it could negatively affect the Fund’s performance. 

Many bank loans in which the Fund will invest may not be rated by a Rating Agency, will not be registered with the SEC or any state securities commission and will not be listed on any national securities exchange.  The amount of public information available with respect to bank loans will generally be less extensive than that available for registered or exchange listed securities.  In evaluating the creditworthiness of borrowers, the Investment Manager will consider, and may rely in part, on analyses performed by others.  Borrowers may have outstanding debt obligations that are rated below investment grade by a Rating Agency.  A portion, and potentially all, of the bank loans in the Fund may be assigned ratings below investment grade by a Rating Agency, or unrated but judged by the Investment Manager to be of comparable quality.

No active trading market may exist for some bank loans and some loans may be subject to restrictions on resale.  A secondary market may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods, which may impair the ability to realize full value and thus cause a material decline in the Fund’s net asset value.  In addition, the Fund may not be able to readily dispose of its bank loans at prices that approximate those at which the Fund could sell such loans if they were more widely-traded and, as a result of such illiquidity, the Fund may have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise cash to meet its obligations.  During periods of limited supply and liquidity of bank loans, the Fund’s yield may be lower.  See “Risks and Special Considerations—Liquidity Risk.”

If a bank loan purchased by the Fund is not considered to be a “security,” the Fund will not receive the same investor protections with respect to such investment that are available to purchasers of investments that are considered “securities” under federal and state securities laws, including any possible recourse against an underwriter.

High Yield Investments

Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 20% of its total assets in debt securities and other income-producing instruments that are rated below investment grade by Moody’s, S&P or Fitch (below Baa by Moody’s, below BBB by S&P or Fitch) or that are unrated but judged by the portfolio managers to be of comparable quality.  These debt securities are sometimes referred to as “high yield”

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securities or “junk bonds.” Investing in high yield securities and instruments involves greater risks (in particular, greater risk of default) and special risks in addition to the risks associated with investments in investment grade debt obligations.  While offering a greater potential opportunity for capital appreciation and higher yields, high yield investments typically entail greater potential price volatility and default risk and may be less liquid than higher-rated securities.  Compared to issuers of higher-rated securities, issuers of high yield securities or other income-producing instruments may be perceived to have greater difficulty meeting principal and interest payments.  They also may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive conditions related to the issuer’s industry than higher-rated securities.  High yield investments may be less liquid than higher rated securities.  The Fund may also invest in debt securities or other obligations whose issuers are in bankruptcy.  See “Risks and Special Considerations—Liquidity Risk.”

The market values of high yield investments tend to reflect individual developments of the issuer to a greater extent than do higher-quality securities, which tend to react mainly to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates.  In addition, lower-quality debt securities tend to be more sensitive to economic conditions.  Certain “emerging market” governments that issue high yield securities are among the largest debtors to commercial banks, foreign governments and supra-national organizations such as the World Bank, and may not be able or willing to make principal and/or interest payments as they come due. 

The Fund may purchase unrated securities (which are not rated by a rating agency) if the Investment Manager determines that the securities are of comparable quality to rated securities that the Fund may purchase.  Unrated securities may be less liquid than comparable rated securities and involve the risk that the Investment Manager may not accurately evaluate the security’s comparative credit rating. 

Lower rated securities generally provide higher yields than more highly rated securities to compensate investors for the higher risk.  The Fund will seek to invest in securities offering the highest yield and expected total return without taking on an excessive amount of risk.  These lower rated securities may also include defaulted securities for which payments of interest or principal or both are unpaid and overdue or for which other defaults have occurred.  Under normal conditions, the Fund will not invest more than 5% of its total assets in debt securities or other obligations whose issuers are in default at the time of purchase. 

Because the securities the Fund holds fluctuate in price, the value of your investment in the Fund will go up and down.  This means you could lose money over short or even extended periods. 

Credit Ratings and Unrated Securities

Rating Agencies are private services that provide ratings of the credit quality of debt obligations, including convertible securities, based on an assessment of default risk.  Appendix A to the SAI describes the various ratings assigned to debt obligations by Moody’s, S&P and Fitch.  Ratings assigned by a Rating Agency are the individual agency’s opinion of credit quality and do not evaluate market risks.  Rating Agencies may fail to make timely changes in credit ratings or may make an inaccurate assessment of the factors affecting credit quality, and an issuer’s current financial condition may be better or worse than a rating indicates.  The Fund will not necessarily sell a security when its rating is reduced below its rating at the time of purchase.  As described below under “—Independent Credit Analysis,” the Investment Manager does not rely solely on credit ratings, and develops its own analysis of issuer credit quality.  The ratings of a debt security may change over time.  The Rating Agencies monitor and evaluate the ratings assigned to securities on an ongoing basis.  As a result, debt instruments held by the Fund could receive a higher rating (which would tend to increase their value) or a lower rating (which would tend to decrease their value) during the period in which they are held. 

Independent Credit Analysis

The Investment Manager relies heavily on its own analysis of the credit quality and risks associated with individual debt obligations considered for the Fund, rather than relying exclusively on rating agencies or third-party research.  The Investment Manager uses this information in an attempt to minimize credit risk and identify issuers, industries or sectors that are undervalued or that offer attractive yields relative to the Investment Manager’s assessment of their credit characteristics.  The Investment Manager monitors the creditworthiness of the Fund’s portfolio.  Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of high yield securities may be more complex than for issuers of higher-quality debt obligations.  The Fund’s success in achieving its investment objectives may depend more heavily on the Investment Manager’s credit analysis than if the Fund invested solely in higher-quality and rated securities. 

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Marketplace Loans

               Under normal market conditions, the Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in marketplace lending investments which are made through a combination of: (i) investing in marketplace loans to consumers, small- and mid-sized companies, and other borrowers, originated through online Platforms (or an affiliate) that provide a marketplace for lending (“Marketplace Loans”) through the purchase of whole loans either individually or in aggregations; (ii) investing in notes or other pass-through obligations issued by a marketplace lending platform (a “Platform”) representing the right to receive the principal and interest payments on a Marketplace Loan (or fractional portions thereof) originated through the Platform (“Pass-Through Notes”); (iii) purchasing asset-backed securities representing ownership in a pool of Marketplace Loans; and (iv) investing in public or private investment funds that purchase Marketplace Loans. The Marketplace Loans in which the Fund typically invests are newly issued and/or current as to interest and principal payments at the time of investment, and a substantial portion of the Fund’s Marketplace Lending Instrument investments are made through purchases of whole loans.

               Marketplace Loans are originated through online Platforms that provide a marketplace for lending and match consumers, small- and midsized companies (“SMEs”), and other borrowers seeking loans with investors willing to provide the funding for such loans.  These borrowers may seek such loans for a variety of different purposes (e.g., loans for education, loans to fund elective medical procedures or loans for franchise financing).  The procedures through which borrowers obtain loans can vary between Platforms, and between the types of loans (e.g., consumer versus SME).  Marketplace lending is often referred to as “peer to peer” lending because of the industry’s initial focus on individual investors and consumer loan borrowers.  However, since its inception, the industry has grown to include substantial involvement by institutional investors.  The yield to the lender on a marketplace loan is the fixed interest rate assigned by the Platform to the loan net of any fees charged by the Platform, including servicing fees, which cover the costs of services such as screening borrowers for their eligibility, managing the supply and demand of the marketplace, and facilitating payments and debt collection, among other things.

               In the United States, a Platform may be subject to extensive regulation, oversight and examination at both the federal and state level, and across multiple jurisdictions if it operates its business nationwide.  Accordingly, Platforms are generally subject to various securities, lending, licensing and consumer protection laws.  Most states limit by statute the maximum rate of interest that lenders may charge on consumer loans.  A limited number of states also may have interest rate caps for certain commercial loans.  The maximum permitted interest rate can vary substantially between states.  Some states impose a fixed maximum rate while others link the maximum rate to a floating rate index.  Some Platforms obtain state lending licenses and lend directly to borrowers.  Other Platform operators through a contractual relationship with a bank purchase bank originated loans.  In this model, an operator of a Platform may be able to (through existing law and legal interpretations) be the beneficiary of the federal preemption available to federally insured banks that preempt the state laws and usury rates applicable under the various state laws where borrowers reside. 

Whole Loans. The Fund’s Marketplace Loan investments primarily consist of whole loans. When the Fund invests directly or indirectly in whole loans, it typically purchases all rights, title and interest in the loans pursuant to a loan purchase agreement directly from the platform or its affiliate. The Platform or a third-party servicer typically continues to service the loans, collecting payments and distributing them to investors, less any servicing fees assessed against the Fund, and the servicing entity typically will make all decisions regarding acceleration or enforcement of the loans following any default by a borrower. Where a Platform or its affiliate acts as the loan servicer, an arrangement with a backup servicer may be established in case the Platform or affiliate ceases or fails to perform these servicing functions. The Fund, as an investor in a whole loan, would be entitled to receive payment only from the borrower and/or any guarantor, and would not be able to recover any deficiency from the Platform, except under very narrow circumstances, which may include fraud by the borrower in some cases. The whole loans in which the Fund may invest may be secured or unsecured.

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Marketplace Pass-Through Notes.  The Fund may invest in Marketplace Pass-Through Notes.  The operator of a Platform may purchase a loan from a funding bank at par using the funds of multiple lenders and then issue to each such lender at par a Pass-Through Note of the operator (or an affiliate of the operator) representing the right to receive the lender’s proportionate  share of all principal and interest payments received by the operator  from the borrower on the loan funded by such lender (net of the Platform servicing fees).  Alternatively, certain operators (including most SME lenders) do not engage funding banks but instead extend their loans directly to the borrowers.  These lenders similarly may sell Pass-Through Notes backed by individual loans or engage in other capital market transactions. The Platform operator typically will service the loans it originates and will maintain a separate segregated deposit account into which it will deposit all payments received from the obligors on the loans.  Upon identification  of the proceeds received with respect to a loan and deduction of applicable fees, the Platform operator forwards the amounts owed to the lenders or the holders of  any related Pass-Through Notes, as applicable.  A Platform operator is not obligated to make any payments due on a Pass-Through  Note (except to the extent that the operator actually receives payments from the borrower on the related loan).  Accordingly, lenders and investors assume all of the credit risk on the loans they fund through a Pass-Through Note purchased from a Platform operator and are not entitled to recover any deficiency of principal or interest from the Platform operator if the underlying borrower defaults on its payments due with respect to a loan.

Marketplace Loan Asset-Backed  Securities.  The Fund also may invest in Marketplace Loans through special purpose vehicles (“SPVs”)  established solely for the purpose of holding assets (e.g., commercial loans) and issuing securities (“asset-backed  securities”)  secured only by such underlying assets (which practice is known as securitization).  The Fund may invest, for example, in an SPV that holds a pool of loans originated by a particular Platform.  The SPV may enter into a service agreement with the operator or a related entity to ensure continued collection of payments, pursuit of delinquent  borrowers and general interaction with borrowers in much the same manner as if the securitization  had not occurred.  The SPV may issue multiple classes of asset-backed securities with different levels of seniority.  The more senior classes will be entitled to receive payment before the subordinate classes if the cash flow generated by the underlying assets is not sufficient to allow the SPV to make payments on all of the classes of the asset­ backed securities.  Accordingly, the senior classes of asset-backed securities receive higher credit ratings (if rated) whereas the subordinated classes have higher interest rates.  In general, the Fund may invest in both rated senior classes of asset-backed securities as well as unrated subordinated (residual) classes of asset-backed securities.  The subordinated classes of asset­backed securities in which the Fund may invest are typically considered to be an illiquid and highly speculative investment, as losses on the underlying assets are first absorbed by the subordinated classes.  The value of asset-backed securities, like that of traditional fixed-income securities, typically increases when interest rates fall and decreases when interest rates rise. However, asset-backed securities differ from traditional fixed-income securities because they generally will be subject to prepayment based upon prepayments received by the SPV on the loan pool.  The price paid by the Fund for such securities, the yield the Fund expects to receive from such securities and the weighted average life of such securities are based on a number of factors, including the anticipated  rate of prepayment of the underlying assets.

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Public or Private Investment Funds. The Fund may invest in public or private investment funds that invest in Marketplace Loans. As an investor in an investment fund, the Fund would hold an indirect interest in a pool of Marketplace Loans and would receive distributions on its interest in accordance with the fund’s governing documents. This structure is intended to create diversification and to reduce operator credit risk for the investors in the investment fund by enabling them to invest indirectly in Marketplace Loans through the public or private investment fund rather than directly from the operator of the Platform.  The Fund, as a holder of securities issued by public or private investment funds, will bear its pro rata portion of such funds’ expenses.  These expenses are in addition to the direct expenses of the Fund’s own operations, thereby increasing costs and/or potentially reducing returns to investors.

Additional Investment Practices

Commercial Paper

Commercial paper represents short-term unsecured promissory notes issued in bearer form by corporations such as banks or bank holding companies and finance companies.  The rate of return on commercial paper may be linked or indexed to the level of exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency or currencies. 

Bank Obligations

The Fund may invest in certain bank obligations, including certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances, and fixed time deposits.  Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a specified return.  Bankers’ acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise, which are “accepted” by a bank, meaning, in effect, that the bank unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity.  Fixed time deposits are bank obligations payable at a stated maturity date and bearing interest at a fixed rate.  Fixed time deposits may be withdrawn on demand by the investor, but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties, which vary depending upon market conditions and the remaining maturity of the obligation. 

Zero-Coupon Securities

Zero-coupon or deferred interest securities are debt obligations that make no periodic interest payments before maturity or a specified date when the securities begin paying current interest (the cash payment date), and therefore are generally issued and traded at a discount from their face amount or par value.  The discount varies depending on the time remaining until maturity or the cash payment date, as well as prevailing interest rates, liquidity of the security, and the perceived credit quality of the issuer.  The discount, in the absence of financial difficulties of the issuer, typically decreases as the final maturity or cash payment date approaches. 

Because of the lack of current income, the value of zero-coupon or deferred interest securities is generally more volatile than the value of other fixed-income securities that pay interest periodically.  Zero-coupon or deferred interest securities are also likely to respond to changes in interest rates to a greater degree than other fixed-income securities having similar maturities and credit quality.  For federal income tax purposes, holders of these bonds, such as the Fund, are deemed to receive interest over the life of the bonds and are taxed as if interest were paid on a current basis although the holder does not receive cash interest payments until the bonds mature or the specified date.  Accordingly, during times when the Fund does not receive any cash interest payments on its zero-coupon or deferred interest securities, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet distribution requirements and these sales may be subject to the risk factors discussed above.  The Fund is not limited in the amount of its assets that may be invested in these types of securities. 

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Pay-in-kind Securities

Pay-in-kind securities pay interest by issuing more bonds.  The Fund is deemed to receive interest over the life of these bonds and is treated as if the interest were paid on a current basis for federal income tax purposes, although the Fund does not receive any cash interest payments until maturity or the cash payment date.  Accordingly, during times when the Fund does not receive any cash interest payments on its pay-in-kind securities, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet distribution requirements and these sales may be subject to the risk factors discussed above.  The Fund is not limited in the amount of its assets that may be invested in pay-in-kind securities. 

Foreign (Non-U.S.) Investments and Currencies

The Fund may invest up to 15% of its total assets in securities or other income-producing instruments issued by companies and governments in any foreign country, developed or developing.  Foreign investments held by the Fund generally will be traded on U.S. markets. 

The Fund also may invest up to 5% of its total assets in securities or other income-producing instruments denominated in foreign currencies, including obligations of non-U.S. governments and their respective sub-divisions, agencies and government-sponsored enterprises.  Investing in foreign securities involves special risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in U.S. securities.  See “Risks and Special Considerations—Foreign (Non-U.S.) Investment Risk.”

Foreign Currencies and Related Transactions.  The Fund’s investments in securities that trade in, or receive revenues in, foreign currencies will be subject to currency risk, which is the risk that fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies may negatively affect any investment.  The Fund may engage in a variety of transactions involving foreign currencies in order to hedge against foreign currency risk, to increase exposure to a foreign currency, or to shift exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one currency to another.  For instance, the Fund may purchase foreign currencies on a spot (cash) basis and enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts, foreign currency futures contracts and options on foreign currencies and futures.  Suitable hedging transactions may not be available in all circumstances and there can be no assurance that the Fund will engage in such transactions at any given time or from time to time.  Also, these transactions may not be successful and may eliminate any chance for the Fund to benefit from favorable fluctuations in relevant foreign currencies.  The Fund will normally seek to hedge at least 75% of its exposure to foreign currencies. 

Please see “Investment Restrictions and Additional Investment Information—Foreign (Non-U.S.) Investments and Currencies” in the SAI for a more detailed description of the types of foreign investments and foreign currency transactions in which the Fund may invest and their related risks. 

Derivatives

The Fund may invest in a variety of derivatives without limit for hedging purposes, and may invest up to 25% of its total assets in derivatives for non-hedging purposes.  Generally, derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index, and may relate to individual debt instruments, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, commodities, and related indexes.  Examples of derivative instruments that the Fund may use include options contracts, futures contracts, options on futures contracts and swap agreements.  The Fund’s use of derivative instruments will be limited by the Fund’s 25% limit on illiquid investments to the extent they are determined to be illiquid.  The Fund’s use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investment directly in securities and other more traditional investments.  See “Risks and Special Considerations—Derivatives Risk.” Certain types of derivative instruments that the Fund may use with some frequency are described elsewhere in this section, including those described under “—Structured Notes and Other Related Instruments” and “—Swaps.” Please see “Investment Restrictions and Additional Investment Information—Derivative Instruments” in the SAI for additional information about these and other derivative instruments that the Fund may use and the risks associated with such instruments.  There is no assurance that these derivative strategies will be available at any time or that the Investment Manager will determine to use them for the Fund or, if used, that the strategies will be successful.  In addition, the Fund may be subject to certain restrictions on its use of derivative strategies imposed by guidelines of one or more Rating Agencies that may issue ratings for preferred shares or debt issued by the Fund. 

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The performance of derivative instruments (including currency-related derivatives) depends largely on the performance of an underlying currency, security or index and such instruments often have risks similar to their underlying instrument in addition to other risks.  Derivative instruments involve costs and can create economic leverage in the Fund’s portfolio that may result in significant volatility and cause the Fund to participate in losses (as well as gains) in an amount that significantly exceeds the Fund’s initial investment.  Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment.  Other risks include illiquidity, mispricing or improper valuation of the derivative instrument, and imperfect correlation between the value of the derivative and the underlying instrument so that the Fund may not realize the intended benefits.  Their successful use will usually depend on the investment manager’s ability to accurately forecast movements in the market relating to the underlying instrument.  Should a market or markets, or prices of particular classes of investments, move in an unexpected manner, especially in unusual or extreme market conditions, the Fund may not achieve the anticipated benefits of the transaction, and it may realize losses, which could be significant.  If the investment manager is not successful in using such derivative instruments, the Fund’s performance may be worse than if the investment manager did not use such derivative instruments at all.  To the extent that the Fund uses such instruments for hedging purposes, there is the risk of imperfect correlation between movements in the value of the derivative instrument and the value of the underlying investment or other asset being hedged.  There is also the risk, especially under extreme market conditions, that an instrument, which usually would operate as a hedge, provides no hedging benefits at all.

Use of these instruments could also result in a loss if the counterparty to the transaction (particularly with respect to swap agreements, forward currency contracts and other OTC derivatives) does not perform as promised, including because of such counterparty’s bankruptcy or insolvency.  This risk may be heightened during volatile market conditions.  Other risks include the inability to close out a position because the trading market becomes illiquid (particularly in the OTC markets) or the availability of counterparties becomes limited for a period of time.  In addition, the presence of speculators in a particular market could lead to price distortions.  To the extent that the Fund is unable to close out a position because of market illiquidity, the Fund may not be able to prevent further losses of value in its derivatives holdings and the Fund’s liquidity may be impaired to the extent that it has a substantial portion of its otherwise liquid assets marked as segregated to cover its obligations under such derivative instruments.  The Fund may also be required to take or make delivery of an underlying instrument that the investment manager would otherwise have attempted to avoid.  Some derivatives can be particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates or other market prices.  Investors should bear in mind that, while the Fund intends to use derivative strategies on a regular basis, it is not obligated to actively engage in these transactions, generally or in any particular kind of derivative, if the investment manager elects not to do so due to availability, cost or other factors.

The use of derivative strategies may also have a tax impact on the Fund.  The timing and character of income, gains or losses from these strategies could impair the ability of the Investment Manager to use derivatives when it wishes to do so.

Swaps.  The Fund may enter into swap contracts for hedging purposes, to change the duration of the overall portfolio, to mitigate default risk, or to add leverage to the portfolio; such swaps may include but are not limited to interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, inflation index swaps or currency swaps.  When used for hedging purposes, the Fund would be the buyer of a swap contract.  When the Fund is the seller of a swap contract, the Fund will segregate assets in the form of cash and cash equivalents in an amount equal to the aggregate market value of such swaps, marked to market on a daily basis.  The Fund’s use of derivative instruments will be limited by the Fund’s 25% limit on illiquid investments to the extent such derivatives are determined to be illiquid. 

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Generally, swap agreements are contracts between the Fund and another party (the swap counterparty) for periods ranging from a few days to multiple years.  A swap agreement may be negotiated bilaterally and traded over-the-counter (OTC) between two parties (for an uncleared swap) or, in some instances, must be transacted through a futures commission merchant (FCM) and cleared through a clearinghouse that serves as a central counterparty (for a cleared swap).  In a basic swap transaction, the Fund agrees with the swap counterparty to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) and/or cash flows earned or realized on a particular “notional amount” or value of predetermined underlying reference instruments.  The notional amount is the set dollar or other value selected by the parties to use as the basis on which to calculate the obligations that the parties to a swap agreement have agreed to exchange.  The parties typically do not actually exchange the notional amount.  Instead they agree to exchange the returns that would be earned or realized if the notional amount were invested in given investments or at given interest rates.  Examples of returns that may be exchanged in a swap agreement are those of a particular security, a particular fixed or variable interest rate, a particular non-U.S. currency, or a “basket” of securities representing a particular index.  The Fund customarily enters into swap agreements that are based on the standard terms and conditions of an International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) Master Agreement.  ISDA is a voluntary industry association of participants in the over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives markets that has developed standardized contracts used by such participants that have agreed to be bound by such standardized contracts.

The Fund will generally enter into swap agreements on a net basis, which means that the two payment streams that are to be made by the Fund and its counter-party are netted out, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net difference in the two payments.  The Fund’s obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement that is entered into on a net basis will generally be the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the obligations of each party upon termination of the agreement or at set valuation dates.  The Fund will accrue its obligations under a swap agreement daily (offset by any amounts the counterparty owes the Fund).  If the swap agreement does not provide for that type of netting, the full amount of the Fund’s obligations will be accrued on a daily basis.

During the term of an uncleared swap agreement, the Fund will be required to pledge to the swap counterparty, from time to time, an amount of cash and/or other assets equal to the total net amount (if any) that would be payable by the Fund to the counterparty if all outstanding swaps between the parties were terminated on the date in question, including any early termination payments (variation margin).  Periodically, changes in the amount pledged are made to recognize changes in value of the contract resulting from, among other things, interest on the notional value of the contract, market value changes in the underlying investment, and/or dividends paid by the issuer of the underlying instrument.  Likewise, the counterparty will be required to pledge cash or other assets to cover its obligations to the Fund.  However, the amount pledged may not always be equal to or more than the amount due to the other party.  Therefore, if a counterparty defaults on its obligations to the Fund, the amount pledged by the counterparty and available to the Fund may not be sufficient to cover all the amounts due to the Fund and the Fund may sustain a loss.

Many swaps currently are, and others eventually are expected to be, required to be cleared through a central counterparty.  Central clearing is designed to reduce counterparty credit risk and increase liquidity compared to OTC swaps, but it does not eliminate those risks completely. With cleared swaps, there is also a risk of loss by the Fund of its initial and variation margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of the FCM with which the Fund has an open position in a swap contract.  The assets of the Fund may not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of the FCM or central counterparty because the Fund might be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds and margin segregated on behalf of an FCM’s customers.  Credit risk of cleared swap participants is concentrated in a few clearinghouses, and the consequences of insolvency of a clearinghouse are not clear.  With cleared swaps, the Fund may not be able to obtain as terms as favorable it would be able to negotiate for a bilateral, uncleared swap.  In addition, an FCM may unilaterally amend the terms of its agreement with the Fund, which may include the imposition of position limits or additional margin requirements with respect to the Fund’s investment in certain types of swaps.  The regulation of cleared and uncleared swaps, as well as other derivatives, is a rapidly changing area of law and is subject to modification by government and judicial action.  In addition, the SEC, Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and the exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of a market emergency.  It is not possible to predict fully the effects of current or future regulation.

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Cleared swaps are submitted for clearing through each party’s FCM, which must be a member of the clearinghouse that serves as the central counterparty. Transactions executed on a swap execution facility (SEF) may increase market transparency and liquidity but may require the Fund to incur increased expenses to access the same types of swaps that it has used in the past. When the Fund enters into a cleared swap, it must deliver to the central counterparty (via the FCM) an amount referred to as “initial margin.” Initial margin requirements are determined by the central counterparty, and are typically calculated as an amount equal to the volatility in market value of the cleared swap over a fixed period, but an FCM may require additional initial margin above the amount required by the central counterparty. During the term of the swap agreement, a “variation margin” amount may also be required to be paid by the Fund or may be received by the Fund in accordance with margin controls set for such accounts. If the value of the Fund’s cleared swap declines, the Fund will be required to make additional “variation margin” payments to the FCM to settle the change in value. Conversely, if the market value of the Fund’s position increases, the FCM will post additional “variation margin” to the Fund’s account. At the conclusion of the term of the swap agreement, if the Fund has a loss equal to or greater than the margin amount, the margin amount is paid to the FCM along with any loss in excess of the margin amount. If the Fund has a loss of less than the margin amount, the excess margin is returned to the Fund. If the Fund has a gain, the full margin amount and the amount of the gain is paid to the Fund. 

Interest Rate Swaps.  An interest rate swap is an agreement between two parties to exchange interest rate payment obligations.  Typically, one party’s obligation is based on an interest rate fixed to maturity while the other party’s obligation is based on an interest rate that changes in accordance with changes in a designated benchmark (for example, LIBOR, prime rate, commercial paper rate, or other benchmarks).  Alternatively, both payment obligations may be based on an interest rate that changes in accordance with changes in a designated benchmark (also known as a “basis swap”). In a basis swap, the rates may be based on different benchmarks (for example, LIBOR versus commercial paper) or on different terms of the same benchmark (for example, one-month LIBOR versus three-month LIBOR).  In a basis swap, the rates may be based on different benchmarks (for example, LIBOR versus commercial paper) or on different terms of the same benchmark (for example, one-month LIBOR versus three-month LIBOR).  Each party’s payment obligation under an interest rate swap is determined by reference to a specified “notional” amount of money.  Therefore, interest rate swaps generally do not involve the delivery of securities, other underlying instruments, or principal amounts; rather they entail the exchange of cash payments based on the application of the designated interest rates to the notional amount.  Accordingly, barring swap counterparty or FCM default, the risk of loss in an interest rate swap is limited to the net amount of interest payments that the Fund is obligated to make or receive (as applicable), as well as any early termination payment payable by or to the Fund upon early termination of the swap. To the extent the Fund does not own the underlying obligation, the Fund will maintain, in a segregated account with its custodian bank, cash or liquid debt securities with an aggregate value equal to the amount of the Fund’s outstanding swap obligation. 

By swapping fixed interest rate payments for floating payments, an interest rate swap can be used to increase or decrease the Fund’s exposure to various interest rates, including to hedge interest rate risk. Interest rate swaps are generally used to permit the party seeking a floating rate obligation the opportunity to acquire such obligation at a rate lower than is directly available in the credit markets, while permitting the party desiring a fixed-rate obligation the opportunity to acquire such a fixed-rate obligation, also frequently at a rate lower than is directly available in the credit markets.  The success of such a transaction depends in large part on the availability of fixed-rate obligations at interest (or coupon) rates low enough to cover the costs involved.  Similarly, a basis swap can be used to increase or decrease the Fund’s exposure to various interest rates, including to hedge against or speculate on the spread between the two indexes, or to manage duration.  An interest rate swap transaction is affected by changes in interest rates, which, in turn, may affect the prepayment rate of any underlying debt obligations upon which the interest rate swap is based. 

Credit Default Swaps.  The Fund may purchase and sell credit default swaps.  In that case, the Fund would be entitled to receive the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation from the counterparty to the contract in the event of a default by a third party, such as a U.S. or foreign issuer, on the debt obligation.  In return, the Fund would pay to the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no event of default has occurred.  If no default occurs, the Fund would have spent the stream of payments and received no benefit from the contract.  When the Fund is the seller of a swap contract, it receives the stream of payments but is obligated to pay upon default of the referenced debt obligation.  As the seller, the Fund would effectively add leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total assets, the Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. 

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Inflation Index Swaps.  An inflation index swap is a contract between two parties, whereby one party makes payments based on the cumulative percentage increase in an index that serves as a measure of inflation (typically, the Consumer Price Index) and the other party makes a regular payment based on a compounded fixed rate.  Each party’s payment obligation is determined by reference to a specified “notional” amount of money.  Typically, an inflation index swap has payment obligations netted and exchanged upon maturity.  The value of an inflation index swap is expected to change in response to changes in the rate of inflation.  If inflation increases at a faster rate than anticipated at the time the swap is entered into, the swap will increase in value.  Similarly, if inflation increases at a rate slower than anticipated at the time the swap is entered into, the swap will decrease in value.

Total Return Swaps.  A total return swap is an agreement between two parties, pursuant to which one pays (and the other receives) an amount equal to the total return (including, typically, income and capital gains distributions, principal prepayment or credit losses) of an underlying reference asset (e.g., a note, bond or securities index) in exchange for a regular payment, at a floating rate based on LIBOR, or alternatively at a fixed rate or the total rate of return on another financial instrument.  The Fund may take either position in a total return swap (i.e., the Fund may receive or pay the total return on the underlying reference asset).

Currency Swaps.  A currency swap is generally a contract between two parties to exchange one currency for another currency at the start of the contract and then exchange periodic floating or fixed rates during the term of the contract based upon the relative value differential between the two currencies. Unlike other types of swaps, currency swaps typically involve the delivery of the entire principal (notional) amounts of the two currencies at the time the swap is entered into. At the end of the swap contract, the parties receive back the principal amounts of the two currencies.

Options on Swap Agreements

Generally, the Fund may purchase options on credit default swaps, options on interest rate swaps, commonly known as swaptions and options on fixed income total return swaps.  For example, the Fund may buy options on interest rate swaps to help hedge the Fund’s risk of potentially rising interest rates or options on credit default swaps to help hedge the Fund’s risk of a credit rating decline in one or more of the debt securities held by the Fund.  An option on a swap agreement generally is an over-the-counter option that gives the buyer of the option the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a previously negotiated swap agreement, or to extend, terminate, or otherwise modify the terms of an existing swap agreement, in exchange for the payment of a premium to the writer (seller) of the option.  The writer (seller) of an option receives premium payments from the buyer and, in exchange, becomes obligated to enter into or modify an underlying swap agreement upon the exercise of the option by the buyer.  A pay fixed option on an interest rate swap gives the buyer the right to establish a position in an interest rate swap where the buyer will pay (and the writer will receive) the fixed-rate cash flows and receive (and the writer will pay) the floating-rate cash flows.  In general, most options on interest rate swaps are “European” exercise, which means that they can only be exercised at the end of the option term.

When the Fund purchases an option on a swap, it risks losing the amount of premium it has paid, should it elect not to exercise the option, plus any related transaction costs.  Such options also involve other risks associated with both OTC options and swap agreements, such as counterparty risk (the risk that the counterparty defaults on its obligation), market risk, credit risk, and interest rate risk.  With respect to the Fund’s purchase of options on interest rate swaps, depending on the movement of interest rates between the time of purchase and expiration of the swaption, the value of the underlying interest rate swap and therefore the value of the swaption will change.  With respect to the Fund’s purchase of options on credit default swaps, depending on the movement of market spreads with respect to the particular referenced debt securities between the time of purchase and expiration of the option, the value of the underlying credit default swap and therefore the value of the option will change.

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Exclusion of Investment Manager from Commodity Pool Operator Definition

With respect to the Fund, the investment manager has claimed an exclusion from the definition of “commodity pool operator” (“CPO”) under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) and the rules of the CFTC and, therefore, is not subject to CFTC registration or regulation as a CPO.  In addition, with respect to the Fund, the investment manager is relying upon a related exclusion from the definition of “commodity trading advisor” (“CTA”) under the CEA and the rules of the CFTC.

The terms of the CPO exclusion require the Fund, among other things, to adhere to certain limits on its investments in commodity futures, commodity options and swaps, which in turn include non-deliverable currency forward contracts, as further described in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).  Because the investment manager and the Fund intend to comply with the terms of the CPO exclusion, the Fund may, in the future, need to adjust its investment strategies, consistent with its investment goal, to limit its investments in these types of instruments.  The Fund is not intended as a vehicle for trading in the commodity futures, commodity options, or swaps markets.  The CFTC has neither reviewed nor approved the investment manager’s reliance on these exclusions, or the Fund, its investment strategies or this prospectus.

Currency Forwards

A currency forward contract is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific foreign currency in exchange for another currency, which may be U.S. dollars, at an agreed exchange rate (price) at a future date. Currency forwards are typically individually negotiated and privately traded by currency traders and their customers in the interbank market. A cross currency forward is a forward contract to sell a specific foreign currency in exchange for another foreign currency and may be used when the Fund believes that the price of one of those foreign currencies will experience a substantial movement against the other foreign currency.  A currency forward will tend to reduce or eliminate exposure to the currency that is sold, and increase exposure to the currency that is purchased, similar to when the Fund sells a security denominated in one currency and purchases a security denominated in another currency. When used for hedging purposes, a currency forward should protect the Fund against losses resulting from a decline in the hedged currency, but will cause the Fund to assume the risk of fluctuations in the value of the currency it purchases.

Equity Securities

The Fund may invest in equity securities.  The purchaser of an equity security typically receives an ownership interest in the company as well as certain voting rights.  The owner of an equity security may participate in a company’s success through the receipt of dividends which are distributions of earnings by the company to its owners; however, the Fund may hold equity securities that do not issue dividends.  Equity security owners may also participate in a company’s success or lack of success through increases or decreases in the value of the company’s shares as traded in the public trading market for such shares.  Equity securities generally take the form of common stock or preferred stock.  Preferred stockholders typically receive greater dividends but may receive less appreciation than common stockholders and may have greater voting rights as well.  Equity securities may also include convertible securities, warrants or rights.  Warrants or rights give the holder the right to purchase a common stock at a given time for a specified price. 

The Fund’s equity investments generally will be limited to convertible securities and dividend-paying common or preferred stocks.  The Fund may also acquire equity securities in connection with the Fund’s other investment activities, including through: the restructuring of loans or other debt securities; the resolution of a bankruptcy or a default; the entry of an issuer into receivership, a corporate or securities transaction by the issuer that affects securities held by the Fund; or the exercise by the Fund of conversion or purchase rights associated with a convertible or other fixed-income security purchased by the Fund.  These equity securities may have risk and other characteristics of stocks or of both stocks and bonds.  By holding and investing in equity securities, the Fund may expose an investor to certain risks that could cause the investor to lose money, particularly if there is a sudden decline in a holding’s share price or an overall decline in the stock market.  The value of an investment in the Fund could decline because of equity securities held by the Fund based on the day-to-day fluctuation or the decline in their value related to movements in the stock market, as well as in response to the activities of individual companies.  In addition, some of the equity securities that the Fund would obtain as a result of the special circumstances described above could be subject to restrictions on transfer or sale that may reduce their market value compared to freely tradable securities. 

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Preferred Stocks.  Preferred stock represents an equity interest in a company that generally entitles the holder to receive, in preference to the holders of other stocks such as common stocks, dividends and a fixed share of the proceeds resulting from liquidation of the company.  Some preferred stocks also entitle their holders to receive additional liquidation proceeds on the same basis as holders of a company’s common stock, and thus also represent an ownership interest in the company.  Some preferred stocks offer a fixed rate of return with no maturity date.  Because they never mature, these preferred stocks act like long-term bonds and can be more volatile than other types of preferred stocks and may have heightened sensitivity to changes in interest rates.  Other preferred stocks have a variable dividend, generally determined on a quarterly or other periodic basis, either according to a formula based upon a specified premium or discount to the yield on particular U.S. Treasury securities or based on an auction process, involving bids submitted by holders and prospective purchasers of such stocks.  Because preferred stocks represent an equity ownership interest in a company, their value usually will react more strongly than bonds and other debt instruments to actual or perceived changes in a company’s financial condition or prospects, or to fluctuations in the equity markets. 

Convertible Securities and Synthetic Convertible Securities.  The Fund may invest in convertible securities, which are generally a debt obligation or preferred stock that may be converted within a specified period of time into a certain amount of common stock of the same or a different issuer.  A convertible security provides a fixed income stream and the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation resulting from a market price advance in its underlying common stock.  As with a straight fixed-income security, a convertible security tends to increase in market value when interest rates decline and decrease in value when interest rates rise.  Like a common stock, the value of a convertible security also tends to increase as the market value of the underlying stock rises, and it tends to decrease as the market value of the underlying stock declines.  Because both interest rate and market movements can influence its value, a convertible security is not as sensitive to interest rates as a similar fixed-income security, nor is it as sensitive to changes in share price as its underlying stock. 

Collateralized Obligations

The Fund may invest in any tranche (other than the equity tranche) of collateralized debt obligations.  Collateralized debt obligations and similarly structured securities, sometimes known generally as CDOs, are interests in a trust or other special purpose entity (“SPE”) and are typically backed by a diversified pool of bonds, loans or other debt obligations.  CDOs are not limited to investments in one type of debt and, accordingly, a CDO may be collateralized by corporate bonds, commercial loans, asset-backed securities, residential mortgage-backed securities, real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), commercial mortgage-backed securities, emerging market debt, and municipal bonds.  Certain CDOs may use derivatives contracts, such as credit default swaps, to create “synthetic” exposure to assets rather than holding such assets directly, which entails the risks of derivative instruments.

Common varieties of CDOs include the following:

Collateralized loan obligations.  Collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) are interests in a trust typically collateralized substantially by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans made to domestic and foreign borrowers, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans.

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Collateralized bond obligations.  Collateralized bond obligations (“CBOs”) are interests in a trust typically backed substantially by a diversified pool of high risk, below investment grade fixed income securities.

Structured finance CDOs.  Structured finance CDOs are interests in a trust typically backed substantially by structured investment products such as asset-backed securities and commercial mortgage-backed securities.

Synthetic CDOs.  In contrast to CDOs that directly own the underlying debt obligations, referred to as cash CDOs, synthetic CDOs are typically collateralized substantially by derivatives contracts, such as credit default swaps, to create “synthetic” exposure to assets rather than holding such assets directly, which entails the risks of derivative instruments, principally counterparty risk.

CDOs are similar in structure to collateralized mortgage obligations.  Unless the context indicates otherwise, the discussion of CDOs below also applies to CLOs, CBOs and other similarly structured securities.

In CDOs, the cash flows from the SPE are split into two or more portions, called tranches (or classes), that vary in risk and yield.  The riskiest portion is the “equity” tranche, which bears the first loss from defaults on the bonds or loans in the SPE and is intended to protect the other, more senior tranches from severe, and potentially unforeseen, defaults or delinquent collateral payments (though such protection is not complete).  Because they may be partially protected from defaults, senior tranches from a CDO typically have higher ratings and lower yields than the underlying collateral securities held by the trust, and may be rated investment grade.  Despite protection from the equity tranche, more senior tranches can experience, and may have experienced in the past, substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default, downgrades of the underlying collateral by rating agencies, forced liquidation of a collateral pool due to a failure of coverage tests, disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as a market aversion to CDO securities as a class.

The risks of an investment in a CDO depend largely on the type of collateral held by the SPE and the tranche of the CDO in which the Fund invests.  Investment risk may also be affected by the performance of a CDO’s collateral manager (the entity responsible for selecting and managing the pool of collateral securities held by the SPE trust), especially during a period of market volatility.  Normally, CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws and traded in a public market.  As a result, investments in CDOs may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid securities.  However, an active dealer market may exist for CDOs allowing the Fund to trade CDOs with other qualified institutional investors under Rule 144A.  To the extent such investments are characterized as illiquid, they will be subject to the Fund’s restrictions on investments in illiquid securities.  The Fund’s investment in unregistered securities such as CDOs will not receive the same investor protection as an investment in registered securities.

All tranches of CDOs, including senior tranches with high credit ratings, can experience, and at times many have experienced, substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to future defaults due to the disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as market aversion to CDO securities as a class.  In the past, prices of CDO tranches have declined considerably.  The drop in prices was initially triggered by the subprime mortgage crisis.  Subprime mortgages make up a significant portion of the mortgage securities that collateralize many CDOs.  As floating interest rates and mortgage default rates increased, the rating agencies that had rated the mortgage securities and CDO transactions backed by such mortgages realized their default assumptions were too low and began to downgrade the credit rating of these transactions.  There can be no assurance that additional losses of equal or greater magnitude will not occur in the future.

In addition to the normal risks associated with debt securities and asset-backed securities (e.g., interest rate risk, credit risk and default risk), CDOs carry additional risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments;

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(ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or quality or go into default or be downgraded; (iii) the Fund may invest in tranches of a CDO that are subordinate to other classes; and (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer, difficulty in valuing the security or unexpected investment results.

Certain issuers of CDOs may be deemed to be “investment companies” as defined in the 1940 Act.  As a result, the Fund’s investment in these structured investments from these issuers may be limited by the restrictions contained in the 1940 Act.  CDOs generally charge management fees and administrative expenses that the shareholders of the Fund would pay indirectly.

Repurchase Agreements

The Fund generally will have a portion of its assets in cash or cash equivalents for a variety of reasons, such as waiting for a suitable investment opportunity or taking a defensive position.  To earn income on this portion of its assets, the Fund may enter into repurchase agreements.  Under a repurchase agreement, the Fund agrees to buy securities guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest by the U.S. government or its agencies from a qualified bank or broker-dealer and then to sell the securities back to the bank or broker-dealer after a short period of time (generally, less than seven days) at a higher price.  The bank or broker-dealer must transfer to the Fund’s custodian securities with an initial market value of at least 102% of the dollar amount invested by the Fund in each repurchase agreement.  The Investment Manager will monitor the value of such securities daily to determine that the value equals or exceeds the repurchase price.  Repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days are considered to be illiquid securities. 

Repurchase agreements may involve risks in the event of default or insolvency of the bank or broker-dealer, including possible delays or restrictions upon the Fund’s ability to sell the underlying securities.  The Fund will enter into repurchase agreements only with parties who meet certain creditworthiness standards, i.e., banks or broker-dealers that the Investment Manager has determined present no serious risk of becoming involved in bankruptcy proceedings within the time frame contemplated by the repurchase transaction. 

Reverse Repurchase Agreements

The Fund may use reverse repurchase agreements in order to add leverage to the portfolio.  In a reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund sells securities to a bank or broker-dealer and agrees to repurchase the securities at a mutually agreed date and price.  Generally, the effect of such a transaction is that the Fund can recover and reinvest all or most of the cash invested in the portfolio securities involved during the term of the reverse repurchase agreement and still be entitled to the returns associated with those portfolio securities.  Such transactions are advantageous if the interest cost to the Fund of the reverse repurchase transaction is less than the returns it obtains on investments purchased with the cash. 

Unless the Fund covers its positions in reverse repurchase agreements (by segregating liquid assets at least equal in amount to the forward purchase commitment), its obligations under the agreements will be subject to the Fund’s limitations on borrowings.  Reverse repurchase agreements involve leverage risk and also the market risk based on the value of the securities that the Fund is obligated to repurchase.  In the event the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, the Fund’s use of the proceeds of the agreement may be restricted pending a determination by the other party, or its trustee or receiver, whether to enforce the Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities. 

U.S. Government Securities

The Fund may invest in U.S. Government securities, which are obligations of, or guaranteed by, the U.S. Government, its agencies or government-sponsored enterprises.  U.S. Government securities include a variety of securities that differ in their interest rates, maturities and dates of issue.  Securities issued or

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guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government may or may not be supported by the full faith and credit of the United States or by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury. 

Municipal Bonds

Municipal bonds are generally issued by states, municipalities and other political subdivisions, agencies, authorities and instrumentalities of states and multi-state agencies or authorities.  Like other debt obligations, municipal bonds are subject to interest rate, credit and market risk.  The ability of a municipal issuer to make payments could be affected by litigation, legislation or other political events or the bankruptcy of the issuer.  Municipal bonds are either general obligation or revenue bonds and typically are issued to finance public projects (such as roads or public buildings), to pay general operating expenses or to refinance outstanding debt.  General obligation bonds are backed by the full faith and credit, or taxing authority, of the issuer and may be repaid from any revenue source; revenue bonds may be repaid only from the revenues of a specific facility or source.  The Fund also may purchase municipal bonds that represent lease obligations.  These carry special risks because the issuer of the bonds may not be obligated to appropriate money annually to make payments under the lease.  The Fund also may invest in securities issued by entities whose underlying assets are municipal bonds. 

When Issued, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitment Transactions

The Fund may buy debt securities on a “when-issued” or “delayed delivery” basis.  These transactions are arrangements under which the Fund buys securities with payment and delivery scheduled for a future time.  Purchases of debt securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis are subject to market fluctuation and to the risk that the value or yields at delivery may be more or less than the purchase price or the yields available when the transaction was entered into.  Although the Fund will generally buy debt securities on a when-issued basis with the intention of acquiring such securities, it may sell them before the settlement date if it deems the sale to be advisable.  The Fund will not enter into these transactions for investment leverage.  When the Fund is the buyer in such a transaction, it will maintain, in a segregated account with its custodian bank, cash or high-grade marketable securities having an aggregate value equal to the amount of its purchase commitments until payment is made. 

In when-issued and delayed delivery transactions, the Fund relies on the seller to complete the transaction.  The other party’s failure may cause the Fund to miss a price or yield considered advantageous.  Securities purchased on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis do not generally earn interest until their scheduled delivery date.  The Fund is not subject to any percentage limit on the amount of its assets which may be invested in when-issued debt securities. 

Structured Notes and Related Instruments

The Fund may invest in “structured” notes and other related instruments, which are privately negotiated debt obligations where the principal and/or interest is determined by reference to the performance of a benchmark asset, market or interest rate (an “embedded index”), such as selected securities, an index of securities or specified interest rates, or the differential performance of two assets or markets, such as indexes reflecting bonds.  Structured instruments may be issued by corporations, including banks, as well as by governmental agencies.  Structured instruments frequently are assembled in the form of medium-term notes, but a variety of forms are available and may be used in particular circumstances.  The terms of such structured instruments normally provide that their principal and/or interest payments are to be adjusted upwards or downwards (but ordinarily not below zero) to reflect changes in the embedded index while the structured instruments are outstanding.  As a result, the interest and/or principal payments that may be made on a structured product may vary widely, depending on a variety of factors, including the volatility of the embedded index and the effect of changes in the embedded index on principal and/or interest payments.  The rate of return on structured notes may be determined by applying a multiplier to the performance or differential performance of the referenced index(es) or other asset(s).  Application of a multiplier involves leverage that will serve to magnify the potential for gain and the risk of loss. 

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The Investment Manager may use structured instruments for investment purposes and also for risk management purposes, such as to reduce the duration and interest rate sensitivity of the Fund’s portfolio.  While structured instruments may offer the potential for a favorable rate of return from time to time, they also entail certain risks.  Structured instruments may be less liquid than other debt securities, and the price of structured instruments may be more volatile.  In some cases, depending on the terms of the embedded index, a structured instrument may provide that the principal and/or interest payments may be adjusted below zero.  Structured instruments also may involve significant credit risk and risk of default by the counterparty.  Certain issuers of structured instruments may be deemed to be “investment companies” as defined in the 1940 Act.  As a result, the Fund’s investment in these structured instruments may be limited by the restrictions contained in the 1940 Act.  Although structured notes, bank loans and loan participations are not necessarily illiquid, to the extent such investments are deemed to be illiquid by the Investment Manager, they will be subject to the Fund’s restrictions on investments in illiquid securities.  Like other sophisticated strategies, the Fund’s use of structured instruments may not work as intended.  If the value of the embedded index changes in a manner other than that expected by the Investment Manager, principal and/or interest payments received on the structured instrument may be substantially less than expected.  Also, if the Investment Manager uses structured instruments to reduce the duration of the Fund’s portfolio, this may limit the Fund’s return when having a longer duration would be beneficial (for instance, when interest rates decline). 

Short Sales

A short sale is a transaction in which the Fund sells an instrument that it does not own in anticipation that the market price will decline.  The Fund may use short sales for investment and risk management purposes.  When the Fund engages in a short sale, it must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the counterparty.  The Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and would often be obligated to pay over any payments received on such borrowed securities.  The Fund’s obligation to replace the borrowed security will be secured by collateral deposited with the lender, which is usually a broker-dealer, and/or with the Fund’s custodian.  The Fund may not receive any payments (including interest) on its collateral.  Short sales expose the Fund to the risk that it will be required to cover its short position at a time when the securities have appreciated in value, thus resulting in a loss to the Fund.  The Fund may engage in so-called “naked” short sales where it does not own or have the immediate right to acquire the security sold short at no additional cost, in which case the Fund’s losses could theoretically be unlimited, provided that the Fund will not engage in such naked short sales in excess of 5% of the Fund’s total assets. 

Dollar Roll Transactions

The Fund enters into mortgage dollar roll transactions as a form of borrowing.  In a mortgage dollar roll, the Fund sells mortgage-backed securities for delivery in the current month and simultaneously contracts to repurchase substantially similar (name, type, coupon, and maturity) securities on a specified future date.  During the period between the sale and repurchase (the “roll period”), the Fund forgoes principal and interest paid on the mortgage-backed securities.  The Fund is compensated by the difference between the current sales price and the lower forward price for the future purchase (often referred to as the “drop”), as well as by the interest earned on the cash proceeds of the initial sale.  The cash received by the Fund for the sale in a dollar roll is used to purchase additional investments.  The Fund then continues to engage in forward dollar roll transactions, continually “rolling” them forward as existing transactions move toward their settlement dates.  The cost of borrowing associated with the mortgage dollar roll strategy is an implied rate, calculated from the difference between the lower forward settlement price at which the Fund is purchasing agency mortgage-backed securities and the higher current price at which the Fund is selling the securities. 

As a matter of non-fundamental policy, the Fund considers the purchase and/or sale of a mortgage dollar roll to be a borrowing for purposes of the Fund’s fundamental restrictions. 

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Real Estate Investment Trusts

The Fund may invest in the equity or debt securities of publicly traded and private real estate investment trusts (“REITs”).  A REIT is an entity that concentrates its assets in investments related to equity real estate and/or interests in mortgages on real estate.  The shares of publicly traded REITs are traded on a national securities exchange or in the OTC market.  Shares of private REITs are not publicly traded, and will be treated as illiquid securities.  The Fund will limit its investments in illiquid securities, including private REITs, to 25% of its total assets. 

Other Investment Companies

The Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies to the extent that such investments are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies and permissible under the 1940 Act.  Under the 1940 Act, the Fund may not acquire the securities of other domestic or non-U.S. investment companies if, as a result, (i) more than 10% of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in securities of other investment companies, (ii) such purchase would result in more than 3% of the total outstanding voting securities of any one investment company being held by the Fund, or (iii) more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in any one investment company.  These limitations do not apply to the purchase of shares of any investment company in connection with a merger, consolidation, reorganization or acquisition of substantially all the assets of another investment company.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent permitted by exemptive orders received from the SEC, the Fund may invest cash balances in shares of other money market funds advised by the Investment Manager or its affiliates in amounts up to 25% of the Fund’s total assets.  The Fund, as a holder of the securities of other investment companies, will bear its pro rata portion of the other investment companies’ expenses, including advisory fees.  These expenses are in addition to the direct expenses of the Fund’s own operations. 

Rating Agency Requirements; Financing Restrictions.  If any debt or preferred shares issued by the Fund are rated, the relevant rating agencies impose asset coverage tests and other restrictions that may limit the Fund’s ability to engage in certain of the transactions described above.  Similarly, financial institutions that lend or make margin loans to the Fund impose restrictions that may limit the Fund’s ability to make investments or engage in certain transactions.  See “Leverage.”

Please see “Investment Objectives and Policies” and “Investment Restrictions and Additional Investment Information” in the SAI for additional information regarding the investments of the Fund and their related risks.

LEVERAGE

The Fund borrows funds pursuant to a committed financing arrangement (the “BNP Facility”) with BNP Paribas Prime Brokerage International, Ltd. (“BNP”), which the Fund entered into on August 10, 2018. The Fund uses financial leverage on an ongoing basis for investment purposes, including through the purchase of mortgage dollar rolls. From 2003 through August 2018, the Fund also leveraged through preferred shares.  In addition to mortgage dollar rolls, the Fund may from time to time use leverage through the issuance of senior securities such as preferred shares.  The Fund may also use leverage through the lending of portfolio securities, and the use of swaps, other derivatives, reverse repurchase agreements, and when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment transactions.  To mitigate leverage risk from such transactions, the Fund may segregate liquid assets against or otherwise cover its future obligations under such transactions.  By adding additional leverage, these strategies have the potential to increase returns to Common Shareholders, but also involve additional risks.  Additional leverage will increase the volatility of the Fund’s investment portfolio and could result in larger losses than if the strategies were not used.  The Fund may engage in additional transactions of the type described above and similar investment management techniques which provide leverage.  The Fund may use leverage for investment purposes, in order to repurchase its shares or as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes, including for the payment of dividends or the settlement of securities transactions which otherwise might require untimely dispositions of Fund securities.

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By using leverage, the Fund will seek to obtain a higher return for holders of Common Shares than if the Fund did not use leverage.  Leveraging is a speculative technique and there are special risks involved.  There can be no assurance that a leveraging strategy will be used or that it will be successful during any period in which it is employed.  See “Risks and Special Considerations—Leverage Risk.”

The BNP Facility provides the Fund with a six-month rolling margin loan credit facility. Borrowings under the BNP Facility are done on a secured basis, which means the Fund is required to pledge portfolio securities as collateral in an amount up to the loan balance outstanding or as otherwise required by financing arrangements and grant a security interest in the securities pledged to, and in favor of, the counterparty as security for the loan balance outstanding. The BNP Facility provides for re-hypothecation of portfolio securities pledged by the Fund up to the amount of the loan balance outstanding. Such re-hypothecation allows the Fund to retain ownership of the re-hypothecated securities and to continue to receive payments in lieu of dividends and interest on such re-hypothecated securities. The Fund also has the right under the BNP Facility to recall the re-hypothecated securities on demand. If BNP fails to deliver the recalled security in a timely manner, BNP will compensate the Fund for any fees or losses related to the failed delivery or, in the event a recalled security is not returned by BNP, the Fund, upon notice to BNP, may reduce the loan balance outstanding by the value of the recalled security failed to be returned.

For each mortgage dollar roll transaction, the Fund currently segregates on its books an offsetting cash position or a position of liquid securities of equivalent value.  The Investment Manager will monitor the value of such securities daily to determine that the value equals or exceeds the mortgage dollar roll contract price. However, the Fund reserves the right to not fully offset its mortgage dollar roll transactions in the future. 

The Fund could suffer a loss in a mortgage dollar roll transaction if the contracting party fails to perform the future transaction and the Fund is therefore unable to buy back the mortgage-backed securities it initially sold.  The Fund intends to enter into mortgage dollar rolls only with high quality government securities dealers and member banks of the Federal Reserve System as approved by the Fund’s Board of Trustees.  In addition to counterparty risk, the use of dollar rolls is subject to the continued availability of these transactions at favorable rates.  If mortgage dollar rolls cease to be available, have limited availability or are unavailable at favorable rates, the Fund may be unable to maintain this form of leverage and could be forced to make actual settlement on mortgage-backed securities purchased on the forward basis and possibly to seek alternative forms of borrowing.  In addition, by entering into mortgage dollar rolls as a means of financing, the Fund is committed to acquiring the types of mortgage-backed securities upon which counterparties are willing to enter into mortgage dollar rolls.  This could result in the Fund entering into mortgage dollar rolls for securities which the Investment Manager would not otherwise purchase for the Fund, or be required to reduce leverage through dollar rolls or find alternative forms of leverage, which may not be available at all or available on equally favorable terms.

As of September 5, 2018, the Fund had leverage from the BNP Facility and mortgage dollar rolls in the amount of 35.29% of the Fund’s Managed Assets.

The Fund’s senior securities, including any preferred shares or borrowings, have complete priority upon distribution of assets over the Common Shares.  The issuance of preferred shares or incurrence of indebtedness leverages the Common Shares.  So long as the Fund’s portfolio is invested in securities that provide a higher rate of return than the Fund’s cost of leverage (after taking expenses into consideration), the leverage will allow Common Shareholders to receive a higher current rate of return than if the Fund were not leveraged. 

Changes in the value of the Fund’s portfolio (including investments bought with the proceeds of any preferred shares issued or indebtedness incurred) will be borne entirely by the Common Shareholders.  If there is a net decrease (or increase) in the value of the Fund’s investment portfolio, the leverage will decrease (or increase) the net asset value per Common Share to a greater extent than if the Fund were not leveraged.  During periods in which the Fund is using leverage, the fees paid to the Investment Manager will be higher than if the Fund did not use leverage because the fees paid will be calculated on the basis of the Fund’s

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Managed Assets.  Thus, the Investment Manager has a financial incentive for the Fund to use leverage, which may result in a conflict of interest between the Investment Manager and the Common Shareholders.  Fees and expenses paid by the Fund are borne entirely by the Common Shareholders (and not by preferred shareholders or debtholders, if any).  These include costs associated with any offering of series of preferred shares or debt securities by the Fund, which will be borne immediately by Common Shareholders, as will the costs associated with any borrowings or other forms of leverage used by the Fund.

Under the 1940 Act, the Fund generally is not permitted to engage in borrowings (including through the use of reverse repurchase agreements, swaps and other derivatives to the extent that these instruments constitute senior securities) unless immediately after a borrowing the value of the Fund’s total assets less liabilities (other than the borrowing) is at least 300% of the principal amount of such borrowing (i.e., such principal amount may not exceed 33 1/3% of the Fund’s total assets).  In addition, to the extent required by law, the Fund is not permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on Common Shares unless, at the time of such declaration, the value of the Fund’s total assets, less liabilities other than borrowing, is at least 300% of such principal amount.  If the Fund borrows, it intends, to the extent possible, to prepay all or a portion of the principal amount of the borrowing to the extent necessary in order to maintain the required asset coverage.  Failure to maintain certain asset coverage requirements could result in an event of default and entitle preferred shareholders, if any, to elect a majority of the Trustees of the Fund.  Derivative instruments used by the Fund will not constitute senior securities (and will not be subject to the Fund’s limitations on borrowings) to the extent that the Fund segregates liquid assets at least equal in amount to its obligations under the instruments, or enters into offsetting transactions or owns positions covering its obligations.  For instance, the Fund may cover its position in a reverse repurchase agreement by segregating liquid assets at least equal in amount to its forward purchase commitment.

Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is not permitted to issue preferred shares unless immediately after such issuance the value of the Fund’s total net assets is at least 200% of the liquidation value of the outstanding preferred shares plus the aggregate amount of any senior securities of the Fund representing indebtedness (i.e., such liquidation value plus the aggregate amount of senior securities representing indebtedness may not exceed 50% of the Fund’s total net assets).  In addition, the Fund is not permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its Common Shares unless, at the time of such declaration, the value of the Fund’s total net assets satisfies the above-referenced 200% coverage requirement.  When preferred shares are outstanding, the Fund intends, to the extent possible, to purchase or redeem preferred shares from time to time to the extent necessary in order to maintain net asset coverage of at least 200%.  If the Fund has preferred shares outstanding, two of the Fund’s Trustees will be elected by the holders of preferred shares, voting separately as a class.  The remaining Trustees of the Fund will be elected by holders of Common Shares and preferred shares voting together as a single class.  In the event the Fund were to fail to pay dividends on preferred shares for two years or other defaults, preferred shareholders would be entitled to elect a majority of the Trustees of the Fund.

The Fund’s Preferred Shares were redeemed by August 31, 2018.

Assuming that its borrowings represent approximately 22.29% of the Fund’s Managed Assets and pay interest at an annual average rate of 3.22%, the income generated by the Fund’s portfolio (net of expenses) would have to exceed 0.72% in order to cover the cost of such leverage.  Of course, these numbers are merely estimates, used for illustration purposes only.  The Fund’s actual cost of leverage will vary frequently and may be significantly higher or lower than the rate identified above.

The following table is furnished in response to requirements of the SEC.  It is designed to illustrate the effect of leverage on the total return of the Common Shares, assuming investment portfolio total returns (consisting of income and changes in the value of investments held in the Fund’s portfolio) of -10%, -5%, 0%, 5% and 10%.  These assumed investment portfolio returns are hypothetical figures and are not necessarily indicative of the investment portfolio returns expected to be experienced by the Fund.  The table further assumes borrowings representing approximately 22.29% of the Fund’s Managed Assets and the Fund’s annual cost of leverage of 3.22%.  See “Risks and Special Considerations.”

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Common Share total return is composed of two elements: the Common Share dividends paid by the Fund (the amount of which is largely determined by the net investment income of the Fund after paying the cost of leverage) and gains or losses on the value of the securities the Fund owns.  As required by SEC rules, the table assumes that the Fund is more likely to suffer capital losses than to enjoy capital appreciation.  For example, to assume a total return of 0%, the Fund must assume that the interest it receives on its investments is entirely offset by losses in the value of those investments.

RISKS AND SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS

An investment in the Fund involves certain risks and considerations, which are described below.

Net Asset Value Discount Risk

As with any stock, the price of the Fund’s Common Shares will fluctuate with market conditions and other factors.  Shares of closed-end investment companies frequently trade at a discount from net asset value.  This characteristic is a risk separate and distinct from the risk that net asset value will decrease.  The Fund cannot predict whether its Common Shares in the future will trade at, below or above net asset value.  This risk that shares of a closed-end fund might trade at a discount is more significant for investors who wish to sell their shares in a relatively short period of time.  For those investors, realization of gain or loss on their investment is likely to be more dependent upon the existence of a premium or discount than upon portfolio performance.  If Common Shares are sold, the price received may be more or less than the original investment.  The Common Shares are designed for long-term investors and should not be treated as trading vehicles.  Common Shares of closed-end management investment companies frequently trade at a discount from their net asset value. 

Credit Risk

An issuer of a debt security, including a governmental issuer, or a borrower related to a Marketplace Loan, may be unable to make interest payments and repay principal.  The Fund could lose money if the issuer of a debt obligation, or a borrower related to a Marketplace Loan, or the counterparty to a derivatives contract, repurchase agreement, loan of portfolio securities or other obligation, is, or is perceived to be, unable or unwilling to make timely principal and/or interest payments, or to otherwise honor its obligations.  The downgrade of a security may further decrease its value.  For mortgage-backed securities, factors contributing to these risks include the effects of general and local economic conditions on home values, the financial conditions of homeowners, and other market factors.  This risk is mitigated by a U.S. government agency’s or instrumentality’s guarantee of the underlying debt obligation. 

Mortgage-Related Risk

The Fund may invest in a variety of mortgage-related securities, including commercial mortgage securities and agency-issued securities and other mortgage-backed instruments.  Rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of mortgage-related securities, which in turn could lengthen the average duration of the Fund’s portfolio, making the portfolio more sensitive to changes in interest rates, and may reduce the market value of the portfolio’s mortgage-related securities.  This possibility is often referred to as extension risk.  Extending the average life of a mortgage-related security increases the risk of depreciation due to future increases in market interest rates.  In addition, mortgage-related securities are subject to prepayment risk—the risk that borrowers may pay off their mortgages sooner than expected, particularly when interest rates decline.  This can reduce the Fund’s returns because the Fund may have to reinvest that money at lower prevailing interest rates.  The Fund’s investments in other asset-backed securities are subject to risks similar

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to those associated with mortgage-backed securities, as well as additional risks associated with the nature of the assets and the servicing of those assets. 

Certain government agencies or instrumentalities, such as the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”), provide a guarantee as to timely payment of principal and interest for mortgage-backed instruments each entity issues, backs or otherwise guarantees.  Guarantees may or may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.  Since September 2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”), an agency of the U.S. government, has acted as the conservator to operate FNMA and FHLMC until they are stabilized.  It is unclear how long the conservatorship will last or what effect this conservatorship will have on the securities issued or guaranteed by FNMA or FHLMC for the long-term.

Loan Risk

Bank loans, loan participations and assignments involve credit risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk, and the risks of being a lender.  Indebtedness of companies whose creditworthiness is poor involves substantially greater risks, and may be highly speculative.  Some companies may never pay off their indebtedness, or may pay only a small fraction of the amount owed.  Consequently, when investing in indebtedness of companies with poor credit, the Fund bears a substantial risk of losing the entire amount invested.  If the Fund purchases a loan, it may only be able to enforce its rights through the lender, and may assume the credit risk of both the lender and the borrower. 

Corporate loans in which the Fund may invest may be unrated and generally will not be registered with the SEC or listed on a securities exchange.  In addition, the amount of public information available with respect to corporate loans generally will be less extensive than that available for more widely rated, registered and exchange-listed securities.  As a result, corporate loans generally are more difficult to value than more widely rated, registered and exchange-listed securities. 

Bank and certain corporate loans may not be considered “securities,” and investors, such as the Fund, therefore may not be entitled to rely on antifraud protections of the federal securities laws and may have limited legal remedies. 

High Yield Risk

In general, lower rated debt securities carry a greater degree of risk that the issuer will be unable to make interest and principal payments when due, which could have a negative impact on the Fund’s net asset value or dividends.  The Fund may invest in debt securities and other income-producing instruments, like Marketplace Lending Instruments, that are rated below investment grade by each Rating Agency rating the security (below Baa by Moody’s or below BBB by S&P or Fitch) or that are unrated but judged by the portfolio managers to be of comparable quality, including debt securities or other income-producing instruments that are in default or the issuers of which are in bankruptcy.  The prices of these lower grade bonds and income-producing instruments are more sensitive to negative developments, such as a decline in the issuer’s revenues or a general economic downturn, than are the prices of higher grade securities.  In addition, the secondary market on which high yield securities or similar instruments are traded may be less liquid than the market for investment grade securities, meaning these holdings are subject to greater liquidity risk than investment grade securities.  Because the Fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in below investment grade debt securities and income-producing instruments, the Investment Manager’s investment decisions and analytical capabilities in this area will be particularly important.    The Fund may invest in debt securities or other obligations that are in default or the issuers of which are in bankruptcy.  Under normal conditions, the Fund will not invest more than 5% of its total assets in debt securities or other obligations whose issuers are in default at the time of purchase. 

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Marketplace Loans Risk

               Marketplace Loans are subject to the risks associated with debt investments generally, including but not limited to, interest rate, credit, liquidity, high yield debt, market and income risks. In addition to the normal risks associated with debt investments, Marketplace Loans are also subject to the following:

               Marketplace Loans are generally not rated by rating agencies and constitute a highly risky and speculative investment, similar to an investment in lower rated or high yield debt securities debt securities (also known as “junk” bonds).  There can be no assurance that payments due on underlying Marketplace Loans will be made.  A Platform operator is not obligated to make any payments due on a Marketplace Loan except to the extent that the operator actually receives payments from the borrower on the related loan.  Accordingly, lenders and investors assume all of the credit risk on the loans they fund or purchase from a Platform operator and are not entitled to recover any deficiency of principal or interest from the Platform operator if the underlying borrower defaults on its payments due with respect to a loan. A substantial portion of the Marketplace Loans in which the Fund may invest will not be secured by any collateral, will not be guaranteed or insured by a third party and will not be backed by any governmental authority.  The Fund may need to rely on the collection efforts of the Platforms and third-party collection agencies which also may be limited in their ability to collect on defaulted Marketplace Loans.  In addition, a Platform operator is generally not required to repurchase Marketplace Loans from a lender or purchaser except under very narrow circumstances, such as in cases of verifiable identity fraud by the borrower or as may otherwise be negotiated by a purchaser of whole loans.

               Additionally, the terms of certain Marketplace Loans may not restrict the borrowers from incurring additional debt.  If a borrower incurs additional debt after obtaining a loan through a Platform, the additional debt may adversely affect the borrower’s creditworthiness generally, and could result in the financial distress, insolvency or bankruptcy of the borrower.  To the extent borrowers incur other indebtedness that is secured, such as a mortgage, the ability of the secured creditors to exercise collection remedies against the assets of that borrower may impair the borrower’s ability to repay its Marketplace Loan or it may impair the Platform’s ability to collect on the Marketplace Loan upon default.  When a Marketplace Loan is unsecured, borrowers may choose to repay other loans before repaying a loan facilitated through a Platform because the borrowers have no collateral at risk.  The Fund will not be made aware of any additional debt incurred by a borrower or whether such debt is secured, which could allow other creditors to move more quickly to claim assets of the borrower. 

               Borrower Credit Risk.  Certain of the Marketplace Loans in which the Fund may invest may represent obligations of consumers who would not otherwise qualify for, or would have difficulty qualifying for, credit from traditional sources of lending, or SMEs that are unable to effectively access public equity or debt markets, as a result of, among other things, limited assets, adverse income characteristics, limited credit or operating history or an impaired credit record, which may include, for example in the case of consumers, a history of irregular employment, previous bankruptcy filings, repossessions of property, charged off loans and/or garnishment of wages.  The average interest rate charged to, or required of, such obligors generally is higher than that charged by commercial banks and other institutions providing traditional sources of credit or that set by the debt market.  As a result of the credit profile of the borrowers and the interest rates on Marketplace Loans, the delinquency and default experience on the Marketplace Loans may be significantly higher than those experienced by financial products arising from traditional sources of lending.  The Fund may need to rely on the collection efforts of the Platforms and third party collection agencies, which also may be limited in their ability to collect on defaulted loans.  The Fund may not have direct recourse against borrowers, may not be able to obtain the identity of the borrowers in order to contact a borrower about a loan and may not be able to pursue borrowers to collect payment under loans.  Borrowers may seek protection under federal bankruptcy law or similar laws. 

               Pass-Through Notes Risk. As Pass-Through Notes generally are pass-through obligations of the operators of the lending Platforms, and are not direct obligations of the borrowers under the underlying Marketplace Loans originated by such Platforms, holders of certain Pass-Through Notes are exposed to the credit risk of the operator. An operator that becomes subject to bankruptcy proceedings may be unable to make full and timely payments on its Pass-Through Notes even if the borrowers of the underlying

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Marketplace Loans timely make all payments due from them.  In addition, Pass-Through Notes are non-recourse obligations (except to the extent that the operator actually receives payments from the borrower on the loan). Accordingly, lenders assume all of the borrower credit risk on the loans they fund and are not entitled to recover any deficiency of principal or interest from the operator if the borrower defaults on its payments. 

               Fraud Risk.  The Fund is subject to the risk of fraudulent activity associated with the various parties involved in marketplace lending, including the Platforms, banks, borrowers and third parties handling borrower and investor information.  For example, a borrower may have supplied false or inaccurate information.  A Platform’s resources, technologies and fraud prevention tools may be insufficient to accurately detect and prevent fraud.  A Platform may have the exclusive right and ability to investigate claims of borrower identity theft, which creates a conflict of interest.  If a Platform determines that verifiable identity theft has occurred, it may be required to repurchase the loan or indemnify the Fund.  Alternatively, if the Platform denies a claim of identity theft, it would not be required to repurchase the loan or indemnify the Fund.

               Platform Provided Credit Information Risk.  The Investment Manager is reliant in part on the borrower credit information provided to it or assigned by the Platforms when selecting Marketplace Loans for investment.  To the extent a credit rating is assigned to each borrower by a Platform, such rating may not accurately reflect the borrower’s actual creditworthiness.  A Platform may be unable, or may not seek, to verify all of the borrower information obtained by it.  Borrower information on which Platforms and lenders may rely may be outdated.  In addition, certain information that the Investment Manager would otherwise seek may not be available, such as financial statements and other financial information.  Furthermore, the investment manager may be unable to perform any independent follow-up verification with respect to a borrower to the extent the borrower’s name, address and other contact information is required to remain confidential.  In addition, the Platforms’ credit decisions and scoring models are based on algorithms that could potentially contain programming or other errors or prove to be ineffective or otherwise flawed.

               Liquidity Risk.  Investors that acquire Marketplace Loans directly from Platforms must generally hold their loans through maturity in order to  recoup their entire principal.  No Marketplace Loans currently being offered have been registered with the U.S.  Securities and Exchange Commission.  In addition, Marketplace Loans are not listed on any securities exchange (although secondary market trading in pass-through notes issued by one platform does occur on one electronic “alternative trading system”).  An active secondary market for Marketplace Loans does not currently exist and an active market for the Marketplace Loans may not develop in the future.  Accordingly, it may be difficult for the Fund to sell an investment in Marketplace Loans at the price which the Fund believes the loan should be valued. The Fund’s investments in Marketplace Loans will be limited by the Fund’s 25% limit on illiquid investments to the extent such Marketplace Loans are determined to be illiquid.

               Platform Risk.  The Fund materially depends on the Platforms that originate Marketplace Loans for loan data and the origination, sourcing and servicing of marketplace loans and on the Platform’s ability to collect, verify and provide information to the Fund about each Marketplace Loan and borrower.  Information provided to the Platform regarding the loans and the borrowers’ credit information may be limited, incomplete, inaccurate, out of date or fraudulent and a Platform’s resources and technologies to verify information and prevent fraud may be insufficient. Investments in Marketplace Loans may be adversely affected if the Platform or third-party servicer becomes unable or unwilling to fulfill its obligations in servicing the loans.  The Fund intends to have a backup servicer in case any Platform or third-party servicer ceases or fails to perform the servicing functions, which the Fund expects will mitigate some of the risks associated with a reliance on platforms or third-party servicers for servicing of the Marketplace Loans.

Treatment of Marketplace Lending Instruments Purchased by the Fund under Federal Securities Laws. The Fund has been advised that it is the current view of the SEC staff that the purchase of whole loans through Platforms involves the purchase of “securities” issued by the Platforms under the Securities Act. If the Marketplace Lending Instruments purchased by the Fund, such as whole loans, are deemed to be “securities” under federal securities law, then the issuers of such instruments are subject to a wide range of obligations and sanctions. At the federal level, the issuer, the underwriter and other individuals in a public

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offering signing a registration statement are strictly liable for any inaccurate statements in the document but underwriters or other such individuals who have not signed the registration statement may assert a due diligence defense. Even though an exemption from registration with the SEC is typically utilized by the issuers of the Marketplace Lending Instruments that are securities, the anti-fraud provisions of the federal securities laws still apply. Avoidance of fraud requires full and fair disclosure of all material facts and the usual method of discharging this disclosure obligation is for the issuer to prepare and distribute a prospectus that has been registered with the SEC or, in a private transaction, an “offering memorandum” that incorporates the same type of information as would be contained in a registration statement. Noncompliance with federal securities laws can involve potentially severe consequences for the issuer and the Fund may recover civil damages from the applicable issuer of a security if the requisite intent can be shown against its directors, managers and/or other responsible persons. Securities regulators can also institute administrative proceedings, suits for injunction and, in the appropriate circumstances, even criminal actions. In addition, there are separate obligations and sanctions under securities laws which exist in each and every state.

               There is no bright line test to determine whether notes evidencing loans should be deemed “securities” within the purview of the SEC. In general, a determination of whether a note evidencing a loan is a security under the Securities Act is subject to an analysis of the facts and circumstances of the transaction involving the issuance of the notes. To the extent certain Marketplace Lending Instruments, such as whole loans, are not, in the future, deemed to be “securities” under the Securities Act, the Fund would not be able to seek the remedies described above with respect to such instruments.

Servicer Risk. The Fund’s investments in Marketplace Loans could be adversely impacted if a platform that services the Fund’s investments becomes unable or unwilling to fulfill its obligations to do so. In the event that the servicer is unable to service the loans, there can be no guarantee that a backup servicer will be able to assume responsibility for servicing the loans in a timely or cost-effective manner; any resulting disruption or delay could jeopardize payments due to the Fund in respect of its investments or increase the costs associated with the Fund’s investments. If the servicer becomes subject to a bankruptcy or similar proceeding, there is some risk that the Fund’s investments could be re-characterized as secured loans from the Fund to the platform, which could result in uncertainty, costs and delays from having the Fund’s investment deemed part of the bankruptcy estate of the platform, rather than an asset owned outright by the Fund. To the extent the servicer becomes subject to a bankruptcy or similar proceeding, there is a risk that substantial losses will be incurred by the Fund.

               Tax Risk.  The treatment of Marketplace Loans and other Marketplace Lending Instruments for tax purposes is uncertain.  In addition, changes in tax laws or regulations, or interpretations thereof, in the future could adversely affect the Fund, including its ability to qualify as a regulated investment company, or the participants in the marketplace lending industry.  Investors should consult their tax advisors as to the potential tax treatment of Shareholders.

               The Fund intends to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company for federal income tax purposes.  In order to qualify for such treatment, the Fund will need to meet certain organization, income, diversification and distribution tests.  Some issues related to qualification as a regulated investment company are open to interpretation.  For example, the Fund intends to primarily invest in whole loans originated by Platforms.  The Fund intends to treat the identified borrowers in the loan documentation as the issuer of such loans.  No statutory, judicial or administrative authority directly discusses how the loans in which the fund will invest should be treated for tax purposes. As a result, the tax treatment of the Fund’s investment in such securities is uncertain.  If the IRS were to disagree and successfully assert that the Platforms should be viewed as the issuer of the loans, or if the IRS were to issue guidance to this effect, the Fund would not satisfy the regulated investment company diversification tests.  Also, the tax treatment of the Fund’s investment in loans originated by Platforms could be affected by changes in tax laws or regulations, or interpretations thereof, or by court cases that could adversely affect the Fund and its ability to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. As a result of the forgoing, the Fund’s investment strategy will potentially be limited by its intention to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company.

               If, for any taxable year, the Fund did not qualify as a regulated investment company for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it would be treated as a U.S. corporation subject to U.S. federal income tax at the Fund

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level, and possibly state and local income tax, and distributions to its Shareholders would not be deductible by the Fund in computing its taxable income.  As a result of these taxes, NAV per Share and amounts distributed to Shareholders may be substantially reduced.  Also, in such event, the Fund’s distributions, to the extent derived from the Fund’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, would generally constitute ordinary dividends, which would generally be eligible for the dividends received deduction available to corporate Shareholders, and non-corporate Shareholders would generally be able to treat such distributions as “qualified dividend income” eligible for reduced rates of U.S. federal income taxation, provided in each case that certain holding period and other requirements are satisfied.  In addition, in such an event, in order to re-qualify for taxation as a RIC, the Fund might be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make certain distributions.  This would cause a negative impact on Fund returns.  In such event, the Fund’s Board of Directors may determine to recognize or close the Fund or materially change the Fund’s investment objective and strategies.  See “U.S. Federal Income Tax Matters.”

               Regulatory and Judicial Risks.  The Platforms through which Marketplace Loans are originated are subject to various statutes, rules and regulations issued by federal, state and local government authorities.  Federal and state consumer protection laws in particular impose requirements and place restrictions on creditors and service providers in connection with extensions of credit and collections on personal loans and protection of sensitive customer data obtained in the origination and servicing thereof.  Platforms are also subject to laws relating to electronic commerce and transfer of funds in conducting business electronically.  A failure to comply with the applicable rules and regulations may, among other things, subject the Platform or its related entities to certain registration requirements with government authorities and the payment of any penalties and fines; result in the revocation of their licenses; cause the loan contracts originated by the Platform to be voided or otherwise impair the enforcement of such loans; and subject them to potential civil and criminal liability, class action lawsuits and/or administrative or regulatory enforcement actions. 

               The federal and state consumer protection laws generally (i) require lenders to provide consumers with specified disclosures regarding the terms of the loans and/or impose substantive restrictions on the terms on which loans are made; (ii) prohibit lenders from discriminating against consumers on the basis of certain protected classes; and (iii) restrict the actions that a lender or debt collector can take to realize on delinquent or defaulted loans.  Marketplace lending industry participants, including Platforms, may be subject in certain cases to increased risk of litigation alleging violations of federal and state laws and regulations.  In addition, courts have recently considered the regulatory environment applicable to Platforms and purchasers of Marketplace Loans.  In light of recent decisions, if upheld and widely applied, certain Platforms could be required to restructure their operations and certain loans previously made by them through funding banks may not be enforceable, whether in whole or in part, by investors holding such loans or such loans could be subject to reduced returns and/or the Platform subject to fines and penalties.  As a result, Marketplace Loans purchased by the Fund could become unenforceable, thereby causing losses for shareholders. 

Interest Rate Risk

Changes in interest rates may present risks to the Fund.  When interest rates rise, debt security prices generally fall.  The opposite is also true: debt security prices generally rise when interest rates fall.  Because market interest rates are currently near their lowest levels in many years, there is a great risk that the Fund’s portfolio will decline in value.  Generally, debt securities will decrease in value when interest rates rise and increase in value when interest rates decline.  This means that the net asset value of the Common Shares may fluctuate with interest rate changes and the corresponding changes in the value of the Fund’s holdings.  Because market interest rates are currently near their lowest levels in many years, there is a greater risk that the Fund’s portfolio will decline in value.  The prices of short-term debt obligations generally fluctuate less than the prices of long-term debt obligations as interest rates change. 

The prices of fixed-rate securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than securities with shorter durations, usually making them more volatile.  Because the Fund will normally have an estimated dollar-weighted average duration of between two and five years (including the effects of anticipated leverage), the Common Shares’ net asset value and market price will tend to

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fluctuate more in response to changes in market interest rates than if the Fund invested mainly in short-term debt securities and less than if the Fund invested mainly in longer-term debt securities. 

The cost of leverage employed by the Fund is based on certain interest rates.  If the cost of leverage exceeds the rate of return on the debt obligations and other investments held by the Fund that were acquired during periods of generally lower interest rates, the returns to Common Shareholders may be reduced. 

The Fund’s use of leverage, as described above, will tend to increase Common Share interest rate risk.  The Fund may use certain strategies, including investments in structured notes and interest rate swaps and caps, for the purposes of changing the duration of the overall portfolio, reducing the interest rate sensitivity of the portfolio or decreasing the Fund’s exposure to interest rate risk, although there is no assurance that the Fund will do so or that such strategies will be successful.  See “How the Fund Manages Risk—Hedging and Related Strategies.”

Inflation Risk

Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from the Fund’s investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money.  As inflation increases, the real value of the Common Shares and distributions thereon can decline.  In addition, during any periods of rising inflation, the Fund’s cost of leverage would likely increase, which would tend to further reduce returns to Common Shareholders.  This risk is mitigated to some degree by the Fund’s investments in bank loans made to corporate and other business entities. 

Leverage Risk

The Fund uses leverage, including through borrowings under the BNP Facility and the purchase of mortgage dollar rolls, on an ongoing basis for investment purposes, in order to leverage the Common Shares.  The Fund may also leverage the portfolio through the issuance of preferred shares, the lending of portfolio securities, the use of swaps, other derivatives, reverse repurchase agreements, and when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment transactions. 

The precise amount of leverage used by the Fund may vary from time to time.  The issuance of any preferred shares and any debt securities (including borrowings) have seniority over the Common Shares. 

If the cost of leverage exceeds the net rate of return on the Fund’s portfolio, the leverage will result in a lower return on its portfolio investments than if the Fund were not leveraged, and the Fund’s ability to pay dividends and meet its asset coverage requirements on indebtedness (including borrowings) or any preferred shares would be reduced. 

Any decline in the net asset value of the Fund’s investments could result in the Fund being in danger of failing to meet its asset coverage requirements or of losing a rating on any preferred shares issued.  In an extreme case, the Fund’s current investment income might not be sufficient to meet the Fund’s cost of leverage.  In order to counteract such an event, the Fund might need to liquidate investments in order to reduce its leverage.  Liquidation at times of adverse economic conditions may result in a capital loss to the Fund.  There is no assurance that the Fund’s leveraging strategy will be successful. 

While the Fund may from time to time consider reducing leverage in response to actual or anticipated changes in interest rates in an effort to mitigate the increased volatility of current income and net asset value associated with leverage, there can be no assurance that the Fund will actually reduce leverage in the future or that any reduction, if undertaken, will be effective.  Changes in the future direction of interest rates are very difficult to predict accurately.  If the Fund were to reduce leverage based on a prediction about future changes to interest rates, and that prediction turned out to be incorrect, the reduction in leverage would likely operate to reduce the Fund’s return on its investment portfolio relative to the circumstance where the Fund had not reduced leverage.  The Fund may decide that this risk outweighs the likelihood of achieving

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the desired reduction to volatility in income and net asset value if the prediction were to turn out to be correct, and determine not to reduce leverage as described above. 

Because the fees received by the Investment Manager are based on the Managed Assets of the Fund (including assets attributable to any preferred shares that are outstanding or the outstanding amount of any borrowing or short-term debt securities), the Investment Manager has a financial incentive for the Fund to employ leverage, which may create a conflict of interest between the Investment Manager and the holders of the Common Shares. 

Portfolio Security Issuer Risk

The value of the Fund’s investments may decline for a number of reasons that directly relate to the issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage and performance and factors affecting the issuer’s industry (such as reduced demand for the issuer’s goods and services). 

Management Risk

               The Fund is subject to management risk because it is an actively managed investment portfolio.  The Investment Manager will apply investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no guarantee that these will produce the desired results. 

High Portfolio Turnover Risk

The Fund may engage in active trading and there may be a high portfolio turnover rate.  Portfolio turnover refers to the frequency of portfolio transactions and the percentage of portfolio assets being bought and sold during the year, which may increase overall costs. A high portfolio turnover rate may result in correspondingly greater brokerage commission expenses and the distribution to shareholders of additional capital gains for tax purposes, some of which may be taxable at ordinary income rates. There is not necessarily a relationship between a high portfolio turnover rate and the Fund’s performance.

Foreign (Non-U.S.) Investment Risk

Investing in securities or other income-producing instruments issued by companies and governments in foreign countries typically involves more risks than investing in U.S. securities.  Certain of these risks also may apply to securities of U.S. companies with significant foreign operations.  These risks can increase the potential for losses in the Fund and affect its share price.  The political, economic and social structures of some foreign countries may be less stable and more volatile than those in the U.S. It is possible that a government may take over the assets or operations of a company or impose restrictions on the exchange or export of currency or other assets.  Some countries also may have different legal systems that may make it difficult for the Fund to pursue legal remedies with respect to its foreign investments. 

You should consider carefully the substantial risks involved in securities of companies of foreign nations, which are in addition to the usual risks inherent in domestic investments.  The Fund may buy foreign securities that are traded in the U.S. or securities of U.S. issuers that are denominated in a foreign currency.  The Fund may invest up to 15% of its total assets in securities or other income-producing instruments issued by companies and governments in any foreign country, including developed or developing countries.  The Fund also may invest up to 5% of its total assets in securities or other income-producing instruments denominated in foreign currencies, including obligations of non-U.S. governments and their respective sub-divisions, agencies and government-sponsored enterprises. 

There may be less publicly available information about foreign companies comparable to the reports and ratings published about companies in the U.S. Foreign companies are not generally subject to uniform accounting or financial reporting standards, and auditing practices and requirements may not be comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies.  The Fund, therefore, may encounter difficulty in obtaining market quotations for purposes of valuing its portfolio and calculating its net asset value.  Foreign

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markets have substantially less volume than the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) and securities of some foreign companies are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. companies.  Commission rates in foreign countries, which are generally fixed rather than subject to negotiation as in the U.S., are likely to be higher.  In many foreign countries there is less government supervision and regulation of stock exchanges, brokers, and listed companies than in the U.S.

Developing Countries and Emerging Markets

Investments in companies domiciled in developing countries or based in underdeveloped emerging markets may be subject to potentially higher risks than investments in developed countries or mature markets.  Emerging market countries generally include those considered to be developing by the World Bank.  These countries typically are located in the Asia-Pacific region, Eastern Europe, Central and South America and Africa.  These risks include: (i) greater risks of expropriation, confiscatory taxation, nationalization, and less social, political, and economic stability; (ii) the small current size of the markets for such securities and the currently low or nonexistent volume of trading, which result in a lack of liquidity and in greater price volatility; (iii) certain national policies which may restrict the Fund’s investment opportunities, including restrictions on investment in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to national interests; (iv) foreign taxation; (v) the absence of developed legal structures governing private or foreign investment or allowing for judicial redress for injury to private property; and (vi) the absence or early stage of development of a capital market structure or market-oriented economy. 

In addition, many countries in which the Fund may invest have experienced substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation for many years.  Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had and may continue to have negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain countries.  Moreover, the economies of some developing countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency depreciation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, and balance of payments position. 

Foreign Currency

The Fund’s management endeavors to buy and sell foreign currencies on as favorable a basis as practicable.  Some price spread on currency exchange (to cover service charges) may be incurred, particularly when the Fund changes investments from one country to another or when proceeds of the sale of shares in U.S. dollars are used for the purchase of securities in foreign countries.  Also, some countries may adopt policies that would prevent the Fund from transferring cash out of the country or withhold portions of interest and dividends at the source.  There is the possibility of cessation of trading on national exchanges, expropriation, nationalization, or confiscatory taxation, withholding, and other foreign taxes on income or other amounts, foreign exchange controls (which may include suspension of the ability to transfer currency from a given country), default in foreign government securities, political or social instability, or diplomatic developments that could affect investments in securities of issuers in foreign nations. 

The Fund may be affected either favorably or unfavorably by fluctuations in the relative rates of exchange between the currencies of different nations, by exchange control regulations, and by indigenous economic and political developments.  Some countries in which the Fund may invest may also have fixed or managed currencies that are not free-floating against the U.S. dollar.  Further, certain currencies may not be internationally traded. 

Certain of these currencies have experienced a steady devaluation relative to the U.S. dollar.  Any devaluations in the currencies in which the Fund’s portfolio securities are denominated may have a detrimental impact on the Fund.  Through the Fund’s flexible policy, management endeavors to avoid unfavorable consequences and to take advantage of favorable developments in particular nations where, from time to time, it places the Fund’s investments. 

The exercise of this flexible policy may include decisions to purchase securities with substantial risk characteristics and other decisions such as changing the emphasis on investments from one nation to

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another and from one type of security to another.  Some of these decisions may later prove profitable and others may not.  No assurance can be given that profits, if any, will exceed losses. 

Forward Currency Exchange Contracts

The Fund may enter into forward currency exchange contracts (currency forward contracts) to attempt to minimize the risk to the Fund from adverse changes in the relationship between currencies or to enhance income.  The Fund will either cover its position in such a transaction or maintain, in a segregated account with its custodian bank, cash or high-grade marketable securities having an aggregate value equal to the amount of any such commitment until payment is made.  For more information about currency forward contracts, see “Derivative Instruments-Currency Forward Contracts.”

Sovereign Issuers

The Fund also may invest in sovereign debt issued by foreign governments, their agencies or instrumentalities, or other government-related entities, including debt of developing or “emerging market” issuers.  As a holder of sovereign debt, the Fund may be requested to participate in the rescheduling of such debt and to extend further loans to governmental entities.  In addition, there are generally no bankruptcy proceedings similar to those in the United States by which defaulted sovereign debt may be collected.  Sovereign debt is subject to other risks, including: the possibility that a sovereign country might prevent capital, in the form of U.S. dollars, from flowing across its borders; adverse political and economic developments; the extent and quality of government regulation of financial markets and institutions; the imposition of foreign withholding taxes; and the expropriation or nationalization of foreign issuers. 

Derivatives Risk

Derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index (or relationship between two indexes).  The Fund may invest in a variety of derivative instruments, such as options, futures contracts, swap agreements and short sales.  The Fund may use derivatives as a substitute for taking a position in an underlying debt instrument or other asset and/or as part of a strategy designed to reduce exposure to other risks, such as interest rate or currency risk.  The Fund also may use derivatives to add leverage to the portfolio or to manage the duration of the portfolio.  The Fund’s use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments.  Derivatives are subject to a number of risks described elsewhere in this Prospectus, such as liquidity risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, leverage risk, volatility risk, the risk of ambiguous documentation, and management risk.  They also involve the risk of mispricing or improper valuation and the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, rate or index.  If the Fund invests in a derivative instrument, it could lose more than the principal amount invested.  Also, suitable derivative transactions may not be available in all circumstances and there can be no assurance that the Fund will engage in these transactions to reduce exposure to other risks when that would be beneficial.  The use of derivatives also may increase the amount of taxes payable by shareholders.  In addition to the risks applicable to derivatives generally, swaps involve special risks because they are difficult to value, are highly susceptible to liquidity and credit risk, and generally provide a return to the party that has paid the premium only in the event of an actual default by the issuer of the underlying obligation (as opposed to a credit downgrade or other indication of financial difficulty). 

Use of these instruments could also result in a loss if the counterparty to the transaction does not perform as promised, including because of such counterparty’s bankruptcy or insolvency.  This risk is heightened with respect to over-the-counter (“OTC”) instruments, such as certain swap agreements, and may be greater during volatile market conditions.  Other risks include the inability to close out a position because the trading market becomes illiquid (particularly in the OTC markets) or the availability of counterparties becomes limited for a period of time.  In addition, the presence of speculators in a particular market could lead to price distortions.  To the extent that the Fund is unable to close out a position because of market illiquidity, the Fund may not be able to prevent further losses of value in its derivatives holdings and the Fund’s liquidity may be impaired to the extent that it has a substantial portion of its otherwise liquid assets marked as

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segregated to cover its obligations under such derivative instruments.  Some derivatives can be particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates or other market prices.  Investors should bear in mind that, while the Fund intends to use derivative strategies on a regular basis, it is not obligated to actively engage in these transactions, generally or in any particular kind of derivative, if the investment manager elects not to do so due to availability, cost or other factors.

The use of derivative strategies may also have a tax impact on the Fund.  The timing and character of income, gains or losses from these strategies could impair the ability of the investment manager to use derivatives when it wishes to do so.

Swap Risk.  The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity, which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions.  Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the investment manager correctly to predict which types of investments are likely to produce greater returns.  If the investment manager, in using swap agreements, is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, interest rates, inflation, currency exchange rates or other applicable factors, the investment performance of the Fund will be less than its performance would have been if it had not used the swap agreements.

The risk of loss to the Fund for swap transactions that are entered into on a net basis depends on which party is obligated to pay the net amount to the other party.  If the counterparty is obligated to pay the net amount to the Fund, the risk of loss to the Fund is loss of the entire amount that the Fund is entitled to receive.  If the Fund is obligated to pay the net amount, the Fund’s risk of loss is limited to that net amount.  If the swap agreement involves the exchange of the entire principal value of a security, the entire principal value of that security is subject to the risk that the other party to the swap will default on its contractual delivery obligations.  In addition, the Fund’s risk of loss also includes any margin at risk in the event of default by the counterparty (in an uncleared swap) or the central counterparty or FCM (in a cleared swap), plus any transaction costs.

Because swap agreements may have terms of greater than seven days, they may be illiquid.  If a swap transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid, the Fund may not be able to establish or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses.  Participants in the swap markets are not required to make continuous markets in the swap contracts they trade.  Participants could refuse to quote prices for swap contracts or quote prices with an unusually wide spread between the price at which they are prepared to buy and the price at which they are prepared to sell.  However, the swap markets have grown substantially in recent years, with a large number of financial institutions acting both as principals and agents, using standardized swap documentation.  As a result, the swap markets have become increasingly liquid.  Some swap agreements entail complex terms and may require a greater degree of subjectivity in their valuation. To the extent that they are determined to be illiquid, the Fund’s investment in swaps will be included as illiquid investments for purposes of determining compliance with the 25% limit on illiquid investments.

Uncleared swap agreements are typically executed bilaterally with a swap dealer rather than traded on exchanges.  As a result, swap participants are not as protected as participants on organized exchanges.  Performance of a swap agreement is the responsibility only of the swap counterparty and not of any exchange or clearinghouse.  As a result, the Fund is subject to the risk that a counterparty will be unable or will refuse to perform under such agreement, including because of the counterparty’s bankruptcy or insolvency.  The Fund risks the loss of the accrued but unpaid amounts under a swap agreement, which could be substantial, in the event of a default, insolvency or bankruptcy by a swap counterparty.  In such an event, the Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the swap agreements, but bankruptcy and insolvency laws could affect the Fund’s rights as a creditor.  If the counterparty’s creditworthiness declines, the value of a swap agreement would likely decline, potentially resulting in losses.  The Fund’s investment manager will only approve a swap agreement counterparty for the Fund if the investment manager deems the counterparty to be creditworthy under the Fund’s Counterparty Credit Review Standards, adopted and reviewed annually by the Fund’s board.  However, in unusual or extreme market conditions, a counterparty’s creditworthiness and

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ability to perform may deteriorate rapidly, and the availability of suitable replacement counterparties may become limited.

Developing government regulation of derivatives.  The regulation of swaps, as well as other derivatives, is a rapidly changing area of law and is subject to modification by government and judicial action. In addition, the SEC, CFTC and the exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of a market emergency, including, for example, the implementation or reduction of speculative position limits, the implementation of higher margin requirements, the establishment of daily price limits and the suspension of trading.  It is not possible to predict fully the effects of current or future regulation. However, it is possible that developments in government regulation of various types of derivative instruments, such as speculative position limits on certain types of derivatives, or limits or restrictions on the counterparties with which the Fund engages in derivative transactions, may limit or prevent the Fund from using or limit the Fund’s use of these instruments effectively as a part of its investment strategy, and could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objectives. The investment manager will continue to monitor developments in the area, particularly to the extent regulatory changes affect the Fund’s ability to enter into desired swap agreements. New requirements, even if not directly applicable to the Fund, may increase the cost of the Fund’s investments and cost of doing business.

Certain Internal Revenue Service positions may limit the Fund’s ability to use swap agreements in a desired tax strategy.  It is possible that developments in the swap markets and/or the laws relating to swap agreements, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to benefit from using swap agreements, or could have adverse tax consequences.

Counterparty Risk

The Fund will be subject to credit risk with respect to the counterparties to the derivative contracts purchased by the Fund.  If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under a derivative contract due to financial difficulties, the Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative contract in a bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding.  The Fund may obtain only a limited recovery or may obtain no recovery in such circumstances. 

Volatility Risk

The market values for some or all of the Fund’s holdings may be volatile.  The Fund’s investment grade or long-term debt securities, will generally be more sensitive to changing interest rates and less sensitive to changes in the economic environment.  The Fund’s high yield investments will typically be less sensitive to changing interest rates than investment grade debt securities, but they may be more sensitive to a deteriorating economic environment.  The Fund’s investments may be subject to liquidity constraints and as a result, higher price volatility.  The Fund’s use of leverage may increase the volatility of the Fund’s investment portfolio and could result in larger losses than if the strategies were not used. 

Reinvestment Risk

The Fund may reinvest the proceeds from matured, traded or called debt obligations.  If the Fund reinvests such proceeds at lower interest rates, the overall return of the Fund may decline.  Reinvestment risk is the risk that income from the Fund’s bond portfolio will decline if and when the Fund invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called bonds at market interest rates that are below the portfolio’s current earnings rate.  A decline in income could affect the Fund’s net asset value or reduce asset coverage on any preferred shares or indebtedness outstanding. 

Call Risk

A debt security may be prepaid (called) before maturity.  An issuer is more likely to call its securities when interest rates are falling, because the issuer can issue new securities with lower interest payments.  If a debt security is called, the Fund may have to replace it with a lower-yielding security.  High-

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yield bonds frequently have call features that allow the issuer to redeem the security at dates prior to its stated maturity at a specified price only if certain prescribed conditions are met (“call protection”).  An issuer may redeem a high-yield bond if, for example, the issuer can refinance the debt at a lower cost due to declining interest rates or an improvement in the credit standing of the issuer.  Corporate loans and mortgage-related securities typically have no such call protection.  For premium bonds (bonds acquired at prices that exceed their par or principal value) purchased by the Fund, call risk may be enhanced.  At any time, the Fund may have a large amount of its assets invested in securities subject to call risk.  A call of some or all of these securities may lower the Fund’s income and yield and its distributions to shareholders. 

Liquidity Risk

The Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in securities which are illiquid at the time of investment.  The term “illiquid securities” for this purpose is determined using the SEC’s standard applicable to open-end investment companies, i.e., securities that cannot be disposed of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the value at which the Fund has valued the securities.  Illiquid securities may be subject to wide fluctuations in market value.  The Fund may be subject to significant delays in disposing of illiquid securities.  Accordingly, the Fund may be forced to sell these securities at less than fair market value or may not be able to sell them when the Investment Manager believes it is desirable to do so.  Illiquid securities also may entail registration expenses and other transaction costs that are higher than those for liquid securities.  Restricted securities, i.e., securities subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale, may also be illiquid.  However, some restricted securities (such as securities issued pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and certain commercial paper) may be treated as liquid for these purposes.  To the extent the Investment Manager determines there is a liquid institutional or other market for these securities, the Fund considers them to be liquid securities.  The Board of Trustees will review any determination by the Investment Manager to treat a restricted security as a liquid security on an ongoing basis, including the Investment Manager’s assessment of current trading activity and the availability of reliable price information.  In determining whether a restricted security is properly considered a liquid security, the Investment Manager and the Fund’s board of trustees will take into account the following factors: (i) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (ii) the number of dealers willing to buy or sell the security and the number of other potential buyers; (iii) dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and (iv) the nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers, and the mechanics of transfer).  To the extent the Fund invests in restricted securities that are deemed liquid, the general level of illiquidity in the Fund may increase if qualified institutional buyers become uninterested in buying these securities or the market for these securities contracts. 

The Fund may invest in securities that are not deemed “illiquid” but that are currently traded on a limited basis.  The value of such securities may fluctuate more sharply than securities that are traded more widely.  Although the Fund may be able to dispose of such securities in a short period of time, the Fund may lose money on such sales. 

Income Risk

Because the Fund can distribute only what it earns, the Fund’s distributions to shareholders may decline.  The income investors receive from the Fund is based primarily on the interest it earns from its investments, which can vary widely over the short- and long-term.  If prevailing market interest rates drop, investors’ income from the Fund over time could drop as well.  The Fund’s income could also be affected already when prevailing short-term interest rates increase and the Fund is using leverage, although this risk is mitigated by the Fund’s investment in bank loans made to corporate and other business entities. 

Zero-Coupon Securities Risk

Zero-coupon securities are especially sensitive to changes in interest rates, and their prices generally are more volatile than debt securities that pay interest periodically.  Lower quality zero-coupon bonds are generally subject to the same risks as high yield debt securities.  The Fund typically will not receive any

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interest payments on these securities until maturity.  If the issuer defaults, the Fund may lose its entire investment, which will affect the Fund’s share price. 

Smaller Company Risk

Although under current market conditions the Fund does not presently intend to invest a significant portion of its assets in smaller companies, as market conditions change over time, the Fund may invest more of its assets in such companies.  The general risks associated with income-producing securities are particularly pronounced for securities issued by companies with smaller market capitalizations.  These companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources or they may depend on a few key employees.  As a result, they may be subject to greater levels of credit, market and issuer risk.  Securities of smaller companies may trade less frequently and in lesser volume than more widely held securities and their values may fluctuate more sharply than other securities.  Companies with medium-sized market capitalizations may have risks similar to those of smaller companies. 

Real Estate Risk

Since the Fund may invest in REITs and mortgage securities secured by real estate, the Fund may be subject to risks similar to those associated with the direct ownership of real estate (in addition to securities markets risks).  These risks include declines in the value of real estate, risks related to general and local economic conditions, dependency on management skill, increases in interest rates, possible lack of availability of mortgage funds, overbuilding, extended vacancies of properties, increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, changes in zoning laws, losses due to costs resulting from the clean-up of environmental problems, casualty or condemnation losses, limitations on rents, and changes in neighborhood values and the appeal of properties to tenants. 

Rising interest rates may cause investors in REITs to demand a higher annual yield from future distributions, which may in turn decrease market prices for equity securities issued by REITs.  Rising interest rates also generally increase the costs of obtaining financing, which could cause the value of the Fund’s investments to decline.  During periods of declining interest rates, certain mortgage REITs may hold mortgages that the mortgagors elect to prepay, and such prepayment may diminish the yield on securities issued by such mortgage REITs.  In addition, mortgage REITs may be affected by the borrowers’ ability to repay when due the debt extended by the REIT, and equity REITs may be affected by the tenants’ ability to pay rent. 

Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk

The occurrence of events similar to those in recent years, such as the aftermath of the war in Iraq, instability in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Libya, Syria and other countries in the Middle East and North Africa, terrorist attacks in the U.S., Europe and elsewhere around the world, social and political discord and uncertainty, debt crises (such as the recent Greek crisis), sovereign debt downgrades, or the exit or potential exit of one or more countries from the EMU or the European Union (such as the United Kingdom), among others, may result in market volatility, may have long term effects on the U.S. and worldwide financial markets, and may cause further economic uncertainties in the U.S. and worldwide.  Any such event(s) could have a significant adverse impact on the value and risk profile of the Fund’s portfolio.  The Fund does not know how long the securities markets may be affected by similar events and cannot predict the effects of similar events in the future on the U.S. economy and securities markets.  There can be no assurance that similar events and other market disruptions will not have other material and adverse implications. 

Special Risks for Holders of Rights

There is a risk that performance of the Fund may result in the Common Shares purchasable upon exercise of the rights being less attractive to investors at the conclusion of the subscription period.  This may reduce or eliminate the value of the rights.  Investors who receive rights may find that there is no market to

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sell rights they do not wish to exercise.  If investors exercise only a portion of the rights, Common Shares may trade at less favorable prices than larger offerings for similar securities.

Cyber Security Risk

As the use of the Internet and other technologies has become more prevalent in the course of business, funds have become more susceptible to operational and financial risks associated with cyber security.  Cyber security incidents can result from deliberate attacks such as gaining unauthorized access to digital systems (e.g., through “hacking” or malicious software coding) for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption, or from unintentional events, such as the inadvertent release of confidential information.  Cyber security failures or breaches of the Fund or its service providers or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs.  While measures have been developed which are designed to reduce the risks associated with cyber security, there is no guarantee that those measures will be effective, particularly since the Fund does not directly control the cyber security defenses or plans of its service providers with which it does business and companies in which it invests.

Marketplace Loans are originated and documented in electronic form and there are generally no tangible written documents evidencing such loans or any payments owed thereon. Because the Fund relies on electronic systems maintained by the custodian and the Platforms to maintain records and evidence ownership of Marketplace Loans and to service and administer Marketplace Loans (as applicable), it is particularly susceptible to risks associated with such electronic systems.

Conflicts of Interest Risk

The Investment Manager’s advisory fees are based on Managed Assets.  Consequently, the Investment Manager will benefit from an increase in the Fund’s Managed Assets resulting from an offering.  In addition, a Trustee who is an “interested person” (as such term is defined under the 1940 Act) of the Fund or a portfolio manager of the Fund could benefit indirectly from an offering because of such affiliations.

Distribution Rate

The Fund has a managed distribution policy under which monthly distributions to Common Shareholders, at an annual minimum fixed rate of 10% based on the average monthly net asset value of the Fund’s Common Shares, are paid from current income and, to the extent necessary, paid-in capital.  See “Dividends and Distributions.” There can be no assurance that the distribution rate set at any time, or the policy itself, will be maintained.  To the extent total distributions for a year exceed the Fund’s net investment income, such excess will be deemed for U.S. federal income tax purposes to have been distributed from realized capital gains and/or will be treated as return of capital, as applicable.  In general terms, a return of capital would involve a situation in which a Fund distribution (or a portion thereof) represents a return of a portion of a shareholder’s investment in the Fund, rather than making a distribution that is funded from the Fund’s earned income or other profits.  Although return of capital distributions may not be currently taxable, such distributions would decrease the basis of a shareholder’s shares, and therefore, may increase a shareholder’s tax liability for capital gains upon a sale of shares, even if sold at a loss to the shareholder’s original investments. 

If the Fund’s investments do not generate sufficient income, the Fund may be required to liquidate a portion of its portfolio to fund these distributions, and therefore a portion or all of such distributions may represent a reduction of the shareholders’ principal investment.  Such liquidation might be at a time when independent investment judgment would not dictate such action, increasing the Fund’s overall portfolio turnover (and related transaction costs) and making it more difficult for the Fund to achieve its investment objective.

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Share Repurchases

Any acquisition by the Fund of its shares, pursuant to its share repurchase program, will decrease the amount of total assets of the Fund, and therefore, may increase the Fund’s expense ratio.  Furthermore, if the Fund borrows to finance share repurchases, interest on such borrowings would reduce the Fund’s net investment income.  If the Fund liquidates a portion of its investment portfolio in connection with a share repurchase, such liquidation might be at a time when independent investment judgment would not dictate such action, increasing the Fund’s overall portfolio turnover (and related transaction costs) and making it more difficult for the Fund to achieve its investment objective.

HOW THE FUND MANAGES RISK

Investment Limitations

The Fund has adopted certain investment limitations designed to limit investment risk and maintain portfolio diversification.  These limitations (two of which are listed below) are fundamental and may not be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Common Shares and any preferred shares voting together as a single class, and, if the Fund has preferred shares outstanding, the approval of the holders of a majority of any preferred shares voting as a separate class.  The Fund may not:

·       Concentrate its investments in a particular “industry,” as that term is used in the 1940 Act and as interpreted, modified, or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time (this limitation does not apply to securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities); and

·       With respect to 75% of the Fund’s total assets, purchase the securities of any issuer, except securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities or securities of other investment companies, if, as a result, (i) more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in the securities of that issuer, or (ii) the Fund would hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of that issuer.  For the purpose of this restriction, each state and each separate political subdivision, agency, authority or instrumentality of such state, each multi-state agency or authority, and each obligor, if any, is treated as a separate issuer of municipal bonds.

The Fund would be deemed to “concentrate” its investments in a particular industry if it invested more than 25% of its total assets in that industry.  The Fund’s industry concentration policy does not preclude it from focusing investments in issuers in a group of related industrial sectors (such as different types of utilities). 

When the Fund has preferred shares or debt outstanding, the Fund may be subject to certain restrictions imposed by guidelines of one or more rating agencies that may issue ratings for such preferred shares or debt issued by the Fund, or by limitations under financing arrangements entered into by the Fund,  which are more limiting than the investment restrictions set forth above and other restrictions set forth in the SAI, in order to obtain and maintain ratings on the preferred shares or debt by rating agencies, and the Fund may become subject to additional guidelines in the future.  See “Leverage.” The ability of the Fund to use some of the strategies discussed in this Prospectus and in the SAI, such as derivatives, would be limited by such rating agency guidelines or such financing arrangements.  See “Leverage” in this Prospectus and “Investment Objectives and Policies” and “Investment Restrictions and Additional Investment Information” in the SAI for information about these guidelines and a complete list of the fundamental investment policies of the Fund. 

Management of Investment Portfolio and Capital Structure to Limit Leverage Risk

The Fund may take certain actions if short-term interest rates increase or market conditions otherwise change (or the Fund anticipates such an increase or change) and the Fund’s leverage begins (or is

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expected) to adversely affect Common Shareholders.  In order to attempt to offset such a negative impact of leverage on Common Shareholders, the Fund may shorten the average maturity or duration of its investment portfolio (by investing in short-term, high quality securities or implementing certain hedging strategies) or may seek to extend the maturity of any outstanding preferred shares or debt.  The Fund also may attempt to reduce leverage by reducing any holdings in instruments that create leverage.  As explained above under “Risks and Special Considerations—Leverage Risk,” the success of any such attempt to limit leverage risk depends on the Investment Manager’s ability to accurately predict interest rate or other market changes.  Because of the difficulty of making such predictions, the Fund may not be successful in managing its interest rate exposure in the manner described above. 

If market conditions suggest that additional leverage would be beneficial, the Fund may borrow from a financial institutional, issue preferred shares, enter into additional mortgage dollar rolls, or use other forms of leverage, such as swaps and other derivative instruments.  Any such actions could be restricted or prohibited under existing financing arrangements. The Fund’s use of derivative instruments will be limited by the Fund’s 25% limit on illiquid investments to the extent such derivatives are determined to be illiquid.  See “Portfolio Contents and Other Information” and “Risks and Special Considerations—Liquidity Risk.”

Hedging and Related Strategies

The Fund may use various investment strategies designed to limit the risk of price fluctuations of its portfolio securities and to preserve capital.  For instance, the Fund may purchase credit default swap contracts for the purpose of hedging the Fund’s exposure to certain issuers and, thereby, decreasing its exposure to credit risk, and it may invest in structured notes or interest rate swap or cap transactions for the purpose of reducing the interest rate sensitivity of the Fund’s portfolio and, thereby, decreasing the Fund’s exposure to interest rate risk.  See “Investment Objectives and Strategies—Swaps,” and “Investment Objectives and Strategies—Structured Notes and Related Instruments” in this Prospectus.  Other hedging strategies that the Fund may use include: financial futures contracts; short sales; other types of swap agreements or options thereon; options on financial futures; and options based on either an index or individual debt securities whose prices, the Investment Manager believes, correlate with the prices of the Fund’s investments.  Income earned by the Fund from many hedging activities will be distributed to shareholders in taxable distributions.  If effectively used, hedging strategies will offset in varying percentages losses incurred on the Fund’s investments due to adverse interest rate changes.  There is no assurance that these hedging strategies will be available at any time or that the Investment Manager will determine to use them for the Fund or, if used, that the strategies will be successful.  In addition, the Fund may be subject to certain restrictions on its use of hedging strategies imposed by guidelines of one or more rating agencies that may issue ratings for preferred shares or debt issued by the Fund or by limitations in financing arrangements entered into by the Fund. 

In order to reduce the interest rate risk inherent in the Fund’s underlying investments and capital structure, the Fund may enter into interest rate swap or cap transactions.  For example, the Fund may enter into interest rate swaps that are intended to approximate the Fund’s variable rate payment obligation on preferred shares or debt securities issued by the Fund or other outstanding borrowings.  The Fund also may use an interest rate cap, which would require the Fund to pay a premium to the counterparty and would entitle the Fund, to the extent that a specified variable rate index exceeds a predetermined fixed rate, to receive from the counterparty payment of the difference based on the notional amount.  The Fund may use interest rate swaps or caps with the intent to reduce or eliminate the risk that an increase in short-term interest rates could pose for the performance of the Common Shares as a result of leverage, and also may use these instruments for other hedging or investment purposes.  The Fund may choose or be required to decrease its outstanding leverage.  Such decrease would likely result in the Fund seeking to terminate early all or a portion of any swap or cap transaction.  Such early termination of a swap could result in a termination payment by or to the Fund.  Any termination of a cap could result in a termination payment to the Fund.

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MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND

Trustees and Officers

The Board of Trustees is responsible for the management of the Fund, including supervision of the duties performed by the Investment Manager.  There are currently nine Trustees of the Fund, two of whom are currently treated by the Fund as an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act).  The names and business addresses of the Trustees and officers of the Fund and their principal occupations and other affiliations during the past five years are set forth under “Management of the Fund” in the SAI. 

The Investment Manager

Franklin Advisers, Inc.  (the “Investment Manager”) serves as the investment adviser of the Fund.  Subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees, the Investment Manager is responsible for managing the investment activities of the Fund and the Fund’s business affairs and other administrative matters.  The Investment Manager is located at One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, California 94403-1906.  Franklin Resources, Inc.  (“Franklin”), is the parent company of the Investment Manager and the Fund’s administrator.  Founded in 1947, Franklin is one of the oldest mutual fund organizations.  In 1992, Franklin, a leader in managing fixed-income mutual funds and an innovator in creating domestic equity funds, joined forces with Templeton, a pioneer in international investing. 

The Investment Manager and its affiliates (collectively known as “Franklin Templeton Investments”) provide investment management and advisory services to closed-end and open-end investment company clients, as well as private accounts.  As of July, 2018, Franklin Templeton Investments had approximately $733.7 billion in assets under management for more than three million U.S. based mutual fund shareholder and other accounts. 

Portfolio Management Team

Roger A. Bayston, CFA, Christopher J. Molumphy, CFA, Glenn I. Voyles, CFA, Madeline Lam, Justin Ma, CFA serve as the portfolio management team responsible for managing the Fund’s portfolio investments.  Each of them has experience managing Franklin mutual funds and private accounts. 

Mr. Bayston has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since inception.  He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1991.