e424b5
Filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)
Registration No. 333-156073
Prospectus Supplement
(To prospectus dated February 12, 2009)
Capstead Mortgage Corporation
7,672,000 Shares
Common Stock
Through this prospectus supplement, Capstead Mortgage Corporation may offer and sell from time
to time up to 7,672,000 shares of our common stock. Our common stock is listed on the New York
Stock Exchange under the symbol CMO.
We may sell all or a portion of the shares of stock offered pursuant to this prospectus
supplement through agents, to or through underwriters or dealers. We are a party to a sales
agreement with Brinson Patrick Securities Corporation as sales manager, relating to the sale of
shares offered pursuant to this prospectus supplement. The sales manager is not required to sell
any specific number or dollar amount of shares, but will use its best efforts to sell the shares
offered by this prospectus supplement. Such sales will be at market prices prevailing at the time
of the sale. On February 12, 2009, the last reported sales price on the New York Stock Exchange of
our common stock was $11.02 per share. The compensation to the sales manager for sales of common
stock will be at commission rates ranging from 1.0% to 3.0% of the gross sales price per share,
depending upon the aggregate sales proceeds raised by the sales manager under the sales agreement.
The sales manager will be deemed to be an underwriter, within the meaning of the Securities Act, in
connection with any sales of common shares on our behalf. See Description of Sales Agreement and
Plan of Distribution.
Investing in these securities involves various risks. Risks associated with an investment in
these securities are described in the accompanying prospectus and in certain of our filings with
the Securities and Exchange Commission, as described under Risk Factors on page 3 of the
accompanying prospectus.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has
approved or disapproved of these securities, or determined if this prospectus supplement or the
accompanying prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal
offense.
The date of this prospectus supplement is February 12, 2009.
IMPORTANT NOTICE ABOUT INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
This document is in two parts. The first part is the prospectus supplement, which describes
the specific terms of this offering and also adds to and updates information contained in the
accompanying base prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus
supplement and the base prospectus. The second part, the base prospectus, gives more general
information about securities we may offer from time to time, some of which does not apply to this
offering. Generally, when we refer only to the prospectus, we are referring to both parts combined,
and when we refer to the accompanying prospectus, we are referring to the base prospectus.
If the description of this offering varies between this prospectus supplement and the
accompanying prospectus, you should rely on the information in this prospectus supplement.
You should rely only on the information contained in or incorporated by reference in this
prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you
with information that is different. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent
information, you should not rely on it. We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, shares
of our common stock only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information
contained in or incorporated by reference in this document is accurate only as of the date such
information was issued, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus supplement or any
sale of our common stock.
S-2
OUR COMPANY
We are a self-managed real estate investment trust, or REIT, formed in 1985 and based in
Dallas, Texas. Our core strategy is managing a leveraged portfolio of residential mortgage
securities consisting primarily of adjustable-rate mortgage, or ARM, securities issued and
guaranteed by government-sponsored entities, either Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, or by an agency of
the federal government, Ginnie Mae, which we refer to collectively as agency securities. Agency
securities carry an actual or implied AAA credit rating with limited, if any, credit risk that has
been enhanced by the recent conservatorship of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac by the federal
government. We have elected to be treated as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
We are filing this prospectus supplement to make available 7,672,000 shares of our common
stock under our continuous offering program, of which 2,672,000 shares of our common stock remained
unsold under our previous prospectus dated August 10, 2007. Shares under this program may be
issued by us, at our option, at any time, typically through open market sales of a limited number
of shares on a daily basis, subject to blackout periods associated with the dissemination of our
earnings and dividend announcements or other important company-specific news. During the year
ended December 31, 2008, we raised $154.0 million, after expenses, under this program through the
issuance of 13.4 million shares of our common stock at an average sale price of $11.70 per share.
No shares have been issued under this program subsequent to year-end, although we expect to
continue to raise new common equity capital under this program in future periods, subject to market
conditions and the above-mentioned constraints.
THE OFFERING
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Issuer
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Capstead Mortgage Corporation. |
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Common stock offered by us
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Up to 7,672,000 shares. |
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Common stock to be outstanding after this offering
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Up to 70,806,659 shares. |
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Manner of offering
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Best efforts, at-the-market
offering that may be made
from time to time through
Brinson Patrick Securities
Corporation, as sales
manager. See Plan of
Distribution on page S-4. |
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NYSE symbol
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CMO (common stock) |
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Use of proceeds
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We intend to use the net
proceeds from this offering
for general corporate
purposes, including, without
limitation, repayment of
maturing obligations,
redemption of outstanding
indebtedness, financing
future acquisitions, capital
expenditures and working
capital. Pending any such
uses, we may invest the net
proceeds from the sale of any
stock offered pursuant to
this prospectus supplement in
short-term investments, or
may use them to reduce
short-term indebtedness. |
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Risk factors
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Investing in our securities
involves various risks.
Risks associated with an
investment in these
securities are described
under the heading Risk
Factors in our annual report
on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2007 and
our quarterly report on Form
10-Q for the period ended
September 30, 2008. |
S-3
Unless otherwise indicated, all offering information in this prospectus supplement is based on
the number of shares of common stock and number of options to purchase shares of common stock
outstanding as of February 12, 2009. Unless otherwise indicated, that number of shares of common
stock does not include (i) 555,750 shares of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of
outstanding options granted pursuant to our long-term incentive plans or (ii) 9,928,235 shares of
our common stock issuable upon the conversion of our Series A and Series B Preferred Stock.
USE OF PROCEEDS
The net proceeds from the stock offered by us will be available for general corporate
purposes, including, without limitation, repayment of maturing obligations, redemption of
outstanding indebtedness, financing future acquisitions, capital expenditures and working capital.
Pending any such uses, we may invest the net proceeds from the sale of any stock offered pursuant
to this prospectus supplement or related prospectus in short-term investments, or may use them to
reduce short-term indebtedness.
DESCRIPTION OF SALES AGREEMENT
We may sell our common stock from time to time (1) through arrangements with underwriters or
dealers, (2) directly to one or more purchasers, or (3) through agents. We have entered into a
sales agreement with Brinson Patrick Securities Corporation with respect to sales of shares of our
common stock and we may enter into other sales agreements with other sales agents or underwriters
in the future. Under the terms of the Brinson Patrick sales agreement, we may issue and sell
shares of our common stock from time to time through Brinson Patrick, as our sales agent. Brinson
Patrick is not required to arrange for the purchase or sale of any specific number of shares or
dollar amount of common stock. We have agreed to provide indemnification and contribution to
Brinson Patrick against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
All sales made pursuant to the Brinson Patrick sales agreement will be reported in our
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 reports.
Certain Terms of the Sales Agency Agreement
Sales pursuant to the Brinson Patrick sales agreement may be effected on a daily basis. The
compensation to Brinson Patrick for sales of common stock under the Brinson Patrick sales agreement
shall be at the following commission rates:
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3.0% of the gross sales price per shares (sales proceeds) for the first $8 million
of aggregate sales proceeds raised under the sales agreement in each sales period; |
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2.5% of sales proceeds for the next $4 million of aggregate sales proceeds raised in
each sales period; |
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2.0% of sales proceeds for the next $88 million of aggregate sales proceeds raised in
each sales period; and |
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1.0% of sales proceeds for any additional aggregate sales proceeds raised in each
sales period. |
For purposes of determining the appropriate commission rates, the initial sales period began on
March 10, 2008 and will end on December 31, 2009, and each subsequent sales period shall be for a
two year period, commencing on January 1 and ending on December 31 of the following calendar year.
The remaining proceeds, after further deduction for any transaction fees imposed by any
governmental or self-regulatory organization in respect to such sale shall constitute the net
proceeds to us for such shares of stock. The commission rate is currently set at 1.0% of sales
proceeds.
The offering of common stock pursuant to the Brinson Patrick sales agreement will terminate
upon the termination of the Brinson Patrick sales agreement. The Brinson Patrick sales agreement
may be terminated by us or by Brinson Patrick upon written notice and in certain other
circumstances specified therein.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
In connection with the sale of the common stock on our behalf under the Brinson Patrick sales
agreement, Brinson Patrick will be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), and the compensation payable to Brinson
Patrick under the Brinson Patrick sales agreement will be deemed to be an
S-4
underwriting commission or discount; however, Brinson Patrick is not purchasing or selling any
common stock nor is it required to arrange for the purchase or sale of any specific number of
shares or dollar amount of common stock. We have separately agreed to provide indemnification and
contribution to Brinson Patrick against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the
Securities Act. Brinson Patrick may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in
the ordinary course of business.
We will open and maintain a trading account at the clearing agent designated by Brinson
Patrick to facilitate the transactions contemplated by the Brinson Patrick sales agreement. The
net proceeds from the sale of the common stock under the Brinson Patrick sales agreement shall be
available in the trading account on the third business day (or such other day as is industry
practice for regular-way trading) following each sale of the common stock (each, a Settlement
Date). We will effect the delivery of the applicable number of shares of common stock to an
account designated by Brinson Patrick at The Depository Trust Company on or before the settlement
date of each sale hereunder. Brinson Patricks compensation shall be withheld from the sales
proceeds on each settlement date and shall be paid to Brinson Patrick.
The offering of common stock pursuant to the Brinson Patrick sales agreement will terminate
upon the termination of the Brinson Patrick sales agreement. The Brinson Patrick sales agreement
may be terminated by us or by Brinson Patrick upon written notice and in certain other
circumstances specified therein.
Commissions
The following tables show the public offering prices, underwriting commissions and proceeds,
before expenses, to us, assuming all 7,672,000 shares of common stock are sold at $11.02 per share,
the last reported sales prices of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on February 12,
2009.
Common Stock
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Per Share* |
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Total** |
Public offering Price |
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11.0200 |
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84,545,440 |
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Underwriting commissions (1.0%) |
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0.1102 |
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$ |
845,454 |
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Proceeds, before expenses, to us |
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$ |
10.9098 |
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83,699,986 |
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This is an offering that will be made, if at all,
from time to time at the then-prevailing market prices.
Therefore, there can be no assurances that the public offering
prices, underwriting commissions, and proceeds, before expenses,
will be as set forth above. The commissions are computed based
upon the current applicable rate under the Brinson Patrick sales
agreement. |
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Based upon the commission rate for aggregate
proceeds in excess of $100 million. which is the commission rate
applicable as of the date of this prospectus supplement through
December 31, 2009. |
The expenses of the offering, not including underwriting commissions, are estimated at less
than $50,000 and are payable by us.
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters in connection with this offering will be passed upon for us by Andrews
Kurth LLP, Dallas, Texas. Certain Maryland law matters in connection with this offering will be
passed upon for us by Hogan & Hartson L.L.P., Baltimore, Maryland. Andrews Kurth LLP will rely on
the opinion of Hogan & Hartson L.L.P., Baltimore, Maryland, as to all matters of Maryland law.
S-5
PROSPECTUS
$500,000,000
COMMON STOCK
PREFERRED STOCK
DEBT SECURITIES
WARRANTS
Capstead Mortgage Corporation intends to offer and sell from time to time the securities
described in this prospectus. The total offering price of the securities described in this
prospectus will not exceed $500,000,000 in the aggregate.
We will provide the specific terms of any securities we may offer in a supplement to this
prospectus. You should carefully read this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement
before deciding to invest in these securities.
The securities may be offered directly, through agents designated by us from time to time, or
through underwriters or dealers, on a continuous or delayed basis. We may make any sales of our
common shares under this prospectus, if any, on or through the facilities of the New York Stock
Exchange, to or through a market maker, or to or through an electronic communications network, at
market prices prevailing at the time of sale, or in any other manner permitted by law (including,
without limitation, privately negotiated transactions).
Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol CMO. On February
12, 2009, the last reported sale price of our common stock as reported was $11.02 per share.
Investing in our securities involves risks. See Risk Factors on page 1 of this prospectus
for information regarding risks associated with an investment in our securities.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has
approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or
complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is February 12, 2009.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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iii
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You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this
prospectus. We have not authorized anyone else to provide you with different information. If anyone
provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. An offer to
sell these securities will not be made in any jurisdiction where the offer and sale is not
permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus, as well as
information we previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and incorporated by
reference, is accurate as of the date on the front cover of this prospectus only. Our business,
financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.
i
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a shelf registration statement. We may sell, from time to time, in
one or more offerings, any combinations of the securities described in this prospectus. This
prospectus only provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time
we sell securities under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that contains
specific information about the terms of the securities. The prospectus supplement may also add,
update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and
any prospectus supplement together with the additional information described under the heading
Where You Can Find More Information.
The total dollar amount of the securities sold under this prospectus will not exceed
$500,000,000.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other documents with the
Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. You may read and copy
any materials that we file with the SEC without charge at the public reference room of the
Securities and Exchange Commission, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Room 1024, Washington, DC 20549.
Information about the operation of the public reference room may be obtained by calling the
Securities and Exchange Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330. Also, the SEC maintains an internet website
that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers,
including Capstead, that file electronically with the SEC. The public can obtain any documents that
we file with the SEC at www.sec.gov.
We also make available free of charge on or through our internet website (www.capstead.com)
our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and,
if applicable, amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) of the
Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or
furnish it to, the SEC.
This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set
forth in the registration statement and exhibits and schedules to the registration statement. For
further information with respect to our company and our securities, reference is made to the
registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules to the registration statement.
Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document
referred to in this prospectus are not necessarily complete and, where that contract is an exhibit
to the registration statement, each statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the
exhibit to which the reference relates.
INCORPORATION OF INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference the information we file with them, which means
that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to other documents that we file
with the SEC. These incorporated documents contain important business and financial information
about us that is not included in or delivered with this prospectus. The information incorporated by
reference is considered to be part of this prospectus, and later information filed with the SEC
will update and supersede this information.
We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future filings we make with the
SEC under Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, until the
offering of securities covered by this prospectus is complete:
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our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 (as amended by our
Amendments No. 1 and 2 filed on Form 10-K/A on January 12, 2009 and January 27, 2009,
respectively); |
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our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2008, June 30, 2008
and September 30, 2008 (as amended by our Amendments No. 1 and 2 filed on Form 10-Q/A on
January 12, 2009 and January 27, 2009, respectively); and |
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our Current Reports on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on February 5, 2008, February 8,
2008, March 13, 2008, March 25, 2008, April 14, 2008, April 15, 2008, June 4, 2008, June 9,
2008 and September 11, 2008 (as amended by our Current Reports on Form 8-K/A, as filed with
the SEC on November 4, 2008 and December 19, 2008). |
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You may obtain copies of these documents at no cost by writing or telephoning us at the
following address:
Investor Relations
Capstead Mortgage Corporation
8401 N. Central Expressway, Suite 800
Dallas, Texas 75225
(214) 874-2323
A WARNING ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements (within the meaning of the Private
Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995) that inherently involve risks and uncertainties. Our
actual results and liquidity can differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking
statements because of changes in the level and composition of our investments and other factors.
These factors may include, but are not limited to, changes in general economic conditions, the
availability of suitable investments from both an investment return and regulatory perspective, the
availability of new investment capital, the availability of financing at reasonable levels and
terms to support investing on a leveraged basis, fluctuations in interest rates and levels of
mortgage prepayments, deterioration in credit quality and ratings, the effectiveness of risk
management strategies, the impact of differing levels of leverage employed, liquidity of secondary
markets and credit markets, increases in costs and other general competitive factors. In addition
to the above considerations, actual results and liquidity related to investments in loans secured
by commercial real estate are affected by borrower performance under operating or development
plans, lessee performance under lease agreements, changes in general as well as local economic
conditions and real estate markets, increases in competition and inflationary pressures, changes in
the tax and regulatory environment including zoning and environmental laws, uninsured losses or
losses in excess of insurance limits and the availability of adequate insurance coverage at
reasonable costs, among other factors.
We do not undertake, and specifically disclaim any obligation, to publicly release the result of
any revisions which may be made to any forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence of
anticipated or unanticipated events or circumstances after the date of such statements.
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OUR COMPANY
We were incorporated on April 15, 1985, in Maryland and commenced operations in September
1985. We are a mortgage investment firm operating as a real estate investment trust (REIT) that
earns income from investing in real estate-related assets on a leveraged basis and from other
investment strategies. These investments currently consist primarily of a core portfolio of
residential, adjustable-rate mortgage securities issued and guaranteed by government-sponsored
entities, either Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac or by an agency of the federal government, Ginnie Mae.
We and our qualified REIT subsidiaries have elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), and intend to continue to do so. As a result of this
election, we and our qualified REIT subsidiaries are not taxed at the corporate level on taxable
income distributed to stockholders, provided that certain REIT qualification tests are met. Certain
of our affiliates, which may be consolidated with us for financial reporting purposes, may not be
consolidated for federal income tax purposes because such entities may elect taxable REIT
subsidiary tax status. All taxable income of any such taxable REIT subsidiaries would be subject to
federal and state income taxes, where applicable.
Our principal executive offices are located at 8401 N. Central Expressway, Suite 800, Dallas,
Texas 75225. Our telephone number is (214) 874-2323. Our website is http://www.capstead.com. The
contents of our website are not a part of this prospectus. Our shares of common stock are traded on
the New York Stock Exchange, or the NYSE, under the symbol CMO.
RISK FACTORS
An investment in our securities involves various risks. You should carefully consider the risk
factors incorporated by reference to our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and the other
information contained in this prospectus, as updated by our subsequent filings under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the risk factors and other information contained in the
applicable prospectus supplement before acquiring any of our securities.
USE OF PROCEEDS
Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement, we expect to use the net proceeds from
the sale of these securities for general corporate purposes.
RATIO OF INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS (BEFORE FIXED CHARGES) TO
COMBINED FIXED CHARGES AND PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS
The following table sets forth the historical ratios of income from continuing operations
(before fixed charges) to combined fixed charges and our preferred stock dividends for the periods
indicated:
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Nine Months Ended |
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Year Ended December 31, |
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September 30, 2008 |
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2007 |
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2006 |
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2005 |
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2004 |
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2003 |
Ratio of income
from continuing
operations (before
fixed charges) to
combined fixed
charges and
preferred stock
dividends |
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1.42:1 |
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1.02:1 |
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1.30:1 |
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1.48:1 |
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Deficiency of
income from
continuing
operations (before
fixed charges) to
combined fixed
charges and
preferred stock
dividends |
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$ |
16,413 |
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3,061 |
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DESCRIPTION OF OUR CAPITAL STOCK
General
We were formed under the laws of the State of Maryland. Rights of our stockholders are
governed by the Maryland General Corporation Law, or MGCL, our charter and our bylaws. The
following is a summary of the material provisions of our capital stock. Copies of our charter and
bylaws are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. See
Where You Can Find More Information.
1
Authorized Stock
Our charter provides that we may issue up to 250 million shares of voting common stock, par
value $.01 per share, and 100 million shares of preferred stock, par value $.10 per share.
Power to Issue Additional Shares of Our Common Stock and Preferred Stock
We believe that the power of our board of directors, without stockholder approval, to issue
additional authorized but unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and to classify or
reclassify unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and thereafter to cause us to
issue such classified or reclassified shares of stock provides us with flexibility in structuring
possible future financings and acquisitions and in meeting other needs which might arise. The
additional classes or series, as well as the common stock, will be available for issuance without
further action by our stockholders, unless stockholder consent is required by applicable law or the
rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities may be listed or
traded. Although our board of directors does not intend to do so, it could authorize us to issue an
additional class or series of stock that could, depending upon the terms of the particular class or
series, delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control of our company that might
involve a premium price for our stockholders or otherwise be in their best interest.
Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer
Our charter provides that if our board of directors determines in good faith that the direct
or indirect ownership of our stock has or may become concentrated to an extent which would cause us
to fail to qualify or be qualified as a REIT under Sections 856(a)(5) or (6) of the Code, or
similar provisions of successor statutes, we may redeem or repurchase any number of shares of
common stock and/or preferred stock sufficient to maintain or bring such ownership into conformity
with the Code and may refuse to transfer or issue shares of common stock and/or preferred stock to
any person whose acquisition would result in our being unable to conform with the requirements of
the Code. In general, Code Sections 856(a)(5) and (6) provide that, as a REIT, we must have at
least 100 beneficial owners for 335 days of each taxable year and that we cannot qualify as a REIT
if, at any time during the last half of our taxable year, more than 50% in value of our outstanding
stock is owned, directly or indirectly, by or for not more than five individuals. In addition, our
charter provides that we may redeem or refuse to transfer any shares of our capital stock to the
extent necessary to prevent the imposition of a penalty tax as a result of ownership of those
shares by certain disqualified organizations, including governmental bodies and tax-exempt entities
that are not subject to tax on unrelated business taxable income. The redemption or purchase price
for those shares shall be equal to the fair market value of those shares as reflected in the
closing sales price for those shares if then listed on a national securities exchange, or the
average of the closing sales prices for those shares if then listed on more than one national
securities exchange, or if those shares are not then listed on a national securities exchange, the
latest bid quotation for the shares if then traded over-the-counter on the last business day for
which closing prices are available immediately preceding the day on which notices of such
acquisitions are sent or, if no such closing sales prices or quotations are available, then the net
asset value of those shares as determined by our board of directors in accordance with the
provisions of applicable law.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock and preferred stock is Wells Fargo
Shareholder Services.
DESCRIPTION OF OUR COMMON STOCK
The following description of our common stock sets forth certain general terms and provisions
of our common stock to which any prospectus supplement may relate, including a prospectus
supplement providing that common stock will be issuable upon conversion or exchange of our debt
securities or preferred stock or upon the exercise of warrants to purchase our common stock.
All shares of our common stock covered by this prospectus will be duly authorized, fully paid
and nonassessable. Subject to the preferential rights of any other class or series of stock and to
the provisions of the charter regarding the restrictions on transfer of stock, holders of shares of
our common stock are entitled to receive dividends on such stock when, as and if authorized by our
board of directors out of funds legally available therefor and declared by us and to share ratably
in the assets of our company legally available for distribution to our stockholders in the event of
our liquidation, dissolution or winding up after payment of or adequate provision for all known
debts and liabilities of our company, including the preferential rights on dissolution of any class
or classes of preferred stock.
2
Subject to the provisions of our charter regarding the restrictions on transfer of stock, each
outstanding share of our common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a
vote of stockholders, including the election of directors and, except as provided with respect to
any other class or series of stock, the holders of such shares will possess the exclusive voting
power. There is no cumulative voting in the election of our board of directors, which means that
the holders of a plurality of the outstanding shares of our common stock can elect all of the
directors then standing for election and the holders of the remaining shares will not be able to
elect any directors.
Holders of shares of our common stock have no preference, conversion, exchange, sinking fund,
redemption or appraisal rights and have no preemptive rights to subscribe for any securities of our
company. Subject to the provisions of the charter regarding the restrictions on transfer of stock,
shares of our common stock will have equal dividend, liquidation and other rights.
Under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation generally cannot dissolve, amend its charter, merge,
consolidate, transfer all or substantially all of its assets, engage in a statutory share exchange
or engage in similar transactions outside the ordinary course of business unless declared advisable
by the board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders holding at least
two-thirds of the shares entitled to vote on the matter unless a lesser percentage (but not less
than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter) is set forth in the
corporations charter. Our charter does not provide for a lesser percentage for these matters.
However, Maryland law permits a corporation to transfer all or substantially all of its assets
without the approval of the stockholders of the corporation to one or more persons if all of the
equity interests of the person or persons are owned, directly or indirectly, by the corporation.
Because operating assets may be held by a corporations subsidiaries, as in our situation, this may
mean that a subsidiary of a corporation can transfer all of its assets without a vote of the
corporations stockholders.
Our charter authorizes our board of directors to reclassify any unissued shares of our common
stock into other classes or series of classes of stock and to establish the number of shares in
each class or series and to set the preferences, conversion and other rights, voting powers,
restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications or terms or
conditions of redemption for each such class or series.
DESCRIPTION OF OUR PREFERRED STOCK
Our charter authorizes our board of directors to classify any unissued shares of preferred
stock and to reclassify any previously classified but unissued shares of any series. Prior to
issuance of shares of each series, our board of directors is required by the MGCL and our charter
to set the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations
as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption for
each such series. Thus, our board of directors could authorize the issuance of shares of preferred
stock with terms and conditions that could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a
transaction or a change of control of our company that might involve a premium price for holders of
our common stock or otherwise be in their best interest. As of the date hereof, 194,546 shares of
Series A Preferred Stock and 15,819,432 shares of Series B Preferred Stock are outstanding. Our
preferred stock will, when issued, be fully paid and nonassessable and will not have, or be subject
to, any preemptive or similar rights.
The prospectus supplement relating to the series of preferred stock offered by that supplement
will describe the specific terms of those securities, including:
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the title and stated value of that preferred stock; |
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the number of shares of that preferred stock offered, the liquidation preference per
share and the offering price of that preferred stock; |
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the dividend rate(s), period(s) and payment date(s) or method(s) of calculation
thereof applicable to that preferred stock; |
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whether dividends will be cumulative or non-cumulative and, if cumulative, the date
from which dividends on that preferred stock will accumulate; |
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the voting rights applicable to that preferred stock; |
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the procedures for any auction and remarketing, if any, for that preferred stock; |
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the provisions for a sinking fund, if any, for that preferred stock; |
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the provisions for redemption including any restriction thereon, if applicable, of
that preferred stock; |
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any listing of that preferred stock on any securities exchange; |
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the terms and conditions, if applicable, upon which that preferred stock will be
convertible into shares of our common stock, including the conversion price (or manner
of calculation of the conversion price) and conversion period; |
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a discussion of federal income tax considerations applicable to that preferred stock; |
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any limitations on issuance of any series of preferred stock ranking senior to or on
a parity with that series of preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights upon
liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs; |
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in addition to those limitations described above under DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer, any other limitations on actual and
constructive ownership and restrictions on transfer, in each case as may be appropriate
to preserve our status as a REIT; and |
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any other specific terms, preferences, rights, limitations or restrictions of that
preferred stock. |
Rank Within Our Capital Structure
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, the preferred stock will,
with respect to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our
affairs rank:
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senior to all classes or series of common stock and to all equity securities ranking
junior to the preferred stock with respect to dividend rights or rights upon
liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs; |
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on a parity with all equity securities issued by us the terms of which specifically
provide that those equity securities rank on a parity with the preferred stock with
respect to dividend rights or rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our
affairs; and |
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junior to all equity securities issued by us the terms of which specifically provide
that those equity securities rank senior to the preferred stock with respect to dividend
rights or rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs. |
The term equity securities does not include convertible debt securities.
Dividends
Subject to the preferential rights of any other class or series of stock and to the provisions
of the charter regarding the restrictions on transfer of stock, holders of shares of our preferred
stock will be entitled to receive dividends on such stock when, as and if authorized by our board
of directors out of funds legally available therefor and declared by us, at rates and on dates as
will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Dividends on any series or class of our preferred stock may be cumulative or noncumulative, as
provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. Dividends, if cumulative, will be cumulative from
and after the date set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. If our board of directors
fails to authorize a dividend payable on a dividend payment date on any series or class of
preferred stock for which dividends are noncumulative, then the holders of that series or class of
preferred stock will have no right to receive a dividend in respect of the dividend period ending
on that dividend payment date, and we will have no obligation to pay the dividend accrued for that
period, whether or not dividends on such series or class are declared or paid for any future
period.
If any shares of preferred stock of any series or class are outstanding, no dividends may be
authorized or paid or set apart for payment on the preferred stock of any other series or class
ranking, as to dividends, on a parity with or junior to the preferred stock of that series or class
for any period unless:
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the series or class of preferred stock has a cumulative dividend, and full cumulative
dividends have been or contemporaneously are authorized and paid or authorized and a sum
sufficient for the payment of those dividends is set apart for payment on the preferred
stock of that series or class for all past dividend periods and the then current
dividend period; or |
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the series or class of preferred stock does not have a cumulative dividend, and full
dividends for the then current dividend period have been or contemporaneously are
authorized and paid or authorized and a sum sufficient for the payment of those
dividends is set apart for the payment on the preferred stock of that series or class. |
When dividends are not paid in full (or a sum sufficient for the full payment is not set
apart) upon the shares of preferred stock of any series or class and the shares of any other series
or class of preferred stock ranking on a parity as to dividends with the preferred stock of that
series or class, then all dividends authorized on shares of preferred stock of that series or class
and any other series or class of preferred stock ranking on a parity as to dividends with that
preferred stock shall be authorized pro rata so that the amount of dividends authorized per share
on the preferred stock of that series or class and other series or class of preferred stock will in
all cases bear to each other the same ratio that accrued dividends per share on the shares of
preferred stock of that series or class (which will not include any accumulation in respect of
unpaid dividends for prior dividend periods if the preferred stock does not have a cumulative
dividend) and that other series or class of preferred stock bear to each other. No interest, or sum
of money in lieu of interest, will be payable in respect of any dividend payment or payments on
preferred stock of that series or class that may be in arrears.
Redemption
We may have the right or may be required to redeem one or more series of preferred stock, in
whole or in part, in each case upon the terms, if any, and at the time and at the redemption prices
set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
If a series of preferred stock is subject to mandatory redemption, we will specify in the
applicable prospectus supplement the number of shares we are required to redeem, when those
redemptions start, the redemption price, and any other terms and conditions affecting the
redemption. The redemption price will include all accrued and unpaid dividends, except in the case
of noncumulative preferred stock. The redemption price may be payable in cash or other property, as
specified in the applicable prospectus supplement. If the redemption price for preferred stock of
any series or class is payable only from the net proceeds of the issuance of our stock, the terms
of that preferred stock may provide that, if no such stock shall have been issued or to the extent
the net proceeds from any issuance are insufficient to pay in full the aggregate redemption price
then due, that preferred stock shall automatically and mandatorily be converted into shares of our
applicable stock pursuant to conversion provisions specified in the applicable prospectus
supplement.
Liquidation Preference
Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation or dissolution of us or winding up of our
affairs, then, before any distribution or payment will be made to the holders of common stock or
any other series or class of stock ranking junior to any series or class of the preferred stock in
the distribution of assets upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs, the
holders of that series or class of preferred stock will be entitled to receive out of our assets
legally available for distribution to shareholders liquidating distributions in the amount of the
liquidation preference per share (set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement), plus an
amount equal to all dividends accrued and unpaid on the preferred stock (which will not include any
accumulation in respect of unpaid dividends for prior dividend periods if the preferred stock does
not have a cumulative dividend). After payment of the full amount of the liquidating distributions
to which they are entitled, the holders of preferred stock will have no right or claim to any of
our remaining assets.
If, upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the legally
available assets are insufficient to pay the amount of the liquidating distributions on all
outstanding shares of any series or class of preferred stock and the corresponding amounts payable
on all shares of other classes or series of our stock of ranking on a parity with that series or
class of preferred stock in the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up,
then the holders of that series or class of preferred stock and all other classes or series of
capital stock will share ratably in any distribution of assets in proportion to the full
liquidating distributions to which they would otherwise be respectively entitled.
5
If liquidating distributions have been made in full to all holders of any series or class of
preferred stock, our remaining assets will be distributed among the holders of any other classes or
series of stock ranking junior to that series or class of preferred stock upon liquidation,
dissolution or winding up, according to their respective rights and preferences and in each case
according to their respective number of shares. For these purposes, the consolidation or merger of
us with or into any other entity, or the sale, lease, transfer or conveyance of all or
substantially all of our property or business, will not be deemed to constitute a liquidation,
dissolution or winding up of our affairs.
Voting Rights
Holders of preferred stock will not have any voting rights, except as set forth below or as
indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Unless provided otherwise for any series or class of preferred stock, so long as any shares of
preferred stock of a series or class remain outstanding, we will not, without the affirmative vote
or consent of the holders of at least a majority of the shares of that series or class of preferred
stock outstanding at the time, given in person or by proxy, either in writing or at a meeting (such
series or class voting separately as a class):
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authorize or create, or increase the authorized or issued amount of, any class or
series of stock ranking prior to that series or class of preferred stock with respect to
payment of dividends or the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or
winding up or reclassify any authorized stock into any of those shares, or create,
authorize or issue any obligation or security convertible into or evidencing the right
to purchase any of those shares; or |
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amend, alter or repeal the provisions of our charter or articles supplementary for
such series or class of preferred stock, whether by merger, consolidation or otherwise,
so as to materially and adversely affect any right, preference, privilege or voting
power of that series or class of preferred stock or the holders of the preferred stock. |
However, any increase in the amount of the authorized preferred stock or the creation or
issuance of any other series or class of preferred stock, or any increase in the amount of
authorized shares of such series or class or any other series or class of preferred stock, in each
case ranking on a parity with or junior to the preferred stock of that series or class with respect
to payment of dividends or the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up,
will not be deemed to materially and adversely affect such rights, preferences, privileges or
voting powers.
These voting provisions will not apply if, at or prior to the time when the act with respect
to which that vote would otherwise be required will be effected, all outstanding shares of that
series or class of preferred stock have been redeemed or called for redemption upon proper notice
and sufficient funds have been deposited in trust to effect that redemption.
Conversion Rights
The terms and conditions, if any, upon which shares of any series or class of preferred stock
are convertible into shares of common stock will be set forth in the applicable prospectus
supplement. The terms will include:
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the number of shares of common stock into which the preferred stock is convertible; |
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the conversion price (or manner of calculation of the conversion price); |
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the conversion period; |
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provisions as to whether conversion will be at the option of the holders of the
preferred stock or us, |
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the events requiring an adjustment of the conversion price; and |
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provisions affecting conversion in the event of the redemption of the preferred
stock. |
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Series A Preferred Stock
Our board of directors has classified and designated 5,465,000 shares of Series A Preferred
Stock, of which 194,546 shares are currently outstanding. The Series A Preferred Stock generally
provides for the following rights, preferences and obligations.
Dividend Rights. Holders of the Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to receive, when, as and
if declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available therefor, cumulative
preferential cash dividends at the rate of $1.60 per annum per share, and no more, payable in equal
quarterly installments on each March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31.
Liquidation Rights. Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up
of our company, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive a liquidation
preference of $16.40 per share, plus any accumulated, accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not
declared), before any payment or distribution will be made or set aside for holders of any junior
stock.
Redemption Provisions. We may redeem Series A Preferred Stock, in whole or from time to time
in part, at a cash redemption price equal to 100% of the liquidation preference plus all accrued
and unpaid dividends (whether or not earned or declared) to the date fixed for redemption. The
Series A Preferred Stock has no stated maturity and is not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory
redemption provisions.
Voting Rights. Holders of Series A Preferred Stock generally have no voting rights, except in
certain circumstances when our board of directors will be expanded by two seats and the holders of
Series A Preferred Stock will be entitled to elect these two directors. In addition, the issuance
of senior shares or certain changes to the terms of the Series A Preferred Stock that would be
materially adverse to the rights of holders of Series A Preferred Stock cannot be made without the
affirmative vote of holders of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding Series A Preferred Stock and
shares of any class or series of shares ranking on a parity with the Series A Preferred Stock which
are entitled to similar voting rights, if any, voting as a single class.
Conversion and Preemptive Rights. Holders of the Series A Preferred Stock may, at their
option, convert shares of Series A Preferred Stock into shares of our common stock at the rate of
1.5773 shares of our common stock for each share of Series A Preferred Stock converted. The
conversion rates of the Series A Preferred Stock are subject to adjustment in certain
circumstances. Holders of shares of our Series A Preferred Stock have no preemptive rights to
subscribe for any securities of our company.
Series B Preferred Stock
Our board of directors has classified and designated 31,000,000 shares of Series B Preferred
Stock, of which 15,819,432 shares are currently outstanding. The Series B Preferred Stock generally
provides for the following rights, preferences and obligations.
Dividend Rights. Holders of the Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to receive, when, as and
if declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available therefor, cumulative
preferential cash dividends at the annual rate of $1.26 per share, and no more, payable in equal
monthly installments on each monthly dividend payment date.
Liquidation Rights. Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up
of our company, the holders of Series B Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive a liquidation
preference of $11.38 per share, plus an amount equal to all accumulated, accrued and unpaid
dividends (whether or not declared) to the date of liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the
affairs of our company, before any payment or distribution will be made to or set apart for the
holders of any junior stock.
Redemption Provisions. We may redeem Series B Preferred Stock, in whole or from time to time
in part, at a cash redemption price equal to $12.50 per share, plus all accrued and unpaid
dividends (whether or not earned or declared) to the date fixed for redemption. The Series B
Preferred Stock has no stated maturity and is not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory
redemption provisions.
Voting Rights. Holders of Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to vote on (i) all matters
submitted to the holders of our common stock together with the holders of our common stock as a
single class and (ii) certain matters affecting the Series Preferred Stock as a separate class. In
certain circumstances, our board of directors will be expanded by two seats and the holders of
Series B Preferred Stock will be entitled to elect these two directors.
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So long as 20% or more of the aggregate number of shares of Series B Preferred Stock issued in
connection with the Tyler Cabot merger remain outstanding, the affirmative vote of at least a
majority of the outstanding shares of such Series B Preferred Stock will be required for the sale,
lease or conveyance by us of all or substantially all of our property or business, or our
consolidation or merger with any other corporation unless the corporation resulting from such
consolidation or merger will have after such consolidation or merger no class of shares either
authorized or outstanding ranking prior to or on a parity with the Series B Preferred Stock except
the same number of shares ranking prior to or on a parity with the Series B Preferred Stock and
having the same rights and preferences as our authorized and outstanding shares immediately
preceding such consolidation or merger, and each holder of Series B Preferred Stock immediately
preceding such consolidation or merger shall receive the same number of shares, with the same
rights and preferences, of the resulting corporation.
Conversion and Preemptive Rights. Holders of Series B Preferred Stock may, at their option,
convert shares of Series B Preferred Stock into shares of the our common stock at the rate of
0.6082 shares of our common stock for each share of Series B Preferred Stock converted. The
conversion rates of the Series B Preferred Stock are subject to adjustment in certain
circumstances. Holders of shares of our Series B Preferred Stock have no preemptive rights to
subscribe for any securities of our company.
DESCRIPTION OF OUR DEBT SECURITIES
The following description, together with the additional information we include in any
applicable prospectus supplements, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the debt
securities that we may offer under this prospectus. While the terms we have summarized below will
apply generally to any future debt securities we may offer, we will describe the particular terms
of any debt securities that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. If
we indicate in a prospectus supplement, the terms of any debt securities we offer under that
prospectus supplement may differ from the terms we describe below.
The debt securities will be our direct unsecured general obligations and may include
debentures, notes, bonds or other evidences of indebtedness. The debt securities will be either
senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities. The debt securities will be issued under
one or more separate indentures. Senior debt securities will be issued under a senior indenture,
and subordinated debt securities will be issued under a subordinated indenture. We use the term
indentures to refer to both the senior indenture and the subordinated indenture. The forms of
indentures are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a
part. The indentures will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. We use
the term trustee to refer to either the senior trustee or the subordinated trustee, as
applicable.
The following summaries of material provisions of the debt securities and indentures are
subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the indenture
applicable to a particular series of debt securities.
General
We will describe in each prospectus supplement the following terms relating to a series of
debt securities:
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the title; |
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any limit on the amount that may be issued; |
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whether or not we will issue the series of debt securities in global form, the terms
and who the depository will be; |
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the maturity date; |
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the annual interest rate, which may be fixed or variable, or the method for
determining the rate and the date interest will begin to accrue, the dates interest will
be payable and the regular record dates for interest payment dates or the method for
determining such dates; |
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whether or not the debt securities will be secured or unsecured, and the terms of any
secured debt; |
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the terms of the subordination of any series of subordinated debt; |
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the place where payments will be payable; |
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our right, if any, to defer payment of interest and the maximum length of any such
deferral period; |
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the date, if any, after which, and the price at which, we may, at our option, redeem
the series of debt securities pursuant to any optional redemption provisions; |
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the date, if any, on which, and the price at which we are obligated, pursuant to any
mandatory sinking fund provisions or otherwise, to redeem, or at the holders option to
purchase, the series of debt securities; |
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whether the indenture will restrict our ability to pay dividends, or will require us
to maintain any asset ratios or reserves; |
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whether we will be restricted from incurring any additional indebtedness; |
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a discussion on any material or special United States federal income tax
considerations applicable to the debt securities; |
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the denominations in which we will issue the series of debt securities, if other than
denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof; and |
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any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on,
the debt securities not inconsistent with the applicable indentures. |
We may issue debt securities at less than the principal amount payable at maturity. We refer
to these securities as original issue discount securities. If material or applicable, we will
describe in the applicable prospectus supplement special US federal income tax, accounting and
other considerations applicable to original issue discount securities.
Consolidation, Merger or Sale
Under the terms of the indentures, we would be generally permitted to consolidate or merge
with another company. We would be also permitted to sell, convey, transfer, lease or otherwise
dispose of all or substantially all of our assets to another company. However, we would not be able
to take any of these actions unless the following conditions are met:
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if we merge out of existence or sell our assets, the other company must be an entity
organized under the laws of one of the states of the United States or the District of
Columbia or under United States federal law and must agree to be legally responsible for
our debt securities; and |
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immediately after the merger, sale of assets or other transaction, we may not be in
default on the debt securities. |
Events of Default Under the Indenture
The following are events of default under the indentures with respect to any series of debt
securities that we may issue:
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if we fail to pay the principal or any premium on a debt security when due, for more
than a specified number of days past the due date; |
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if we fail to pay interest on a debt security when due, for more than a specified
number of days past the due date; |
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if we fail to deposit any sinking fund payment when due, for more than a specified
number of days past the due date; |
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if we fail to observe or perform any other covenant contained in the debt securities
or the indentures, other than a covenant specifically relating to another series of debt
securities, and our failure continues for a number of days to be stated in the indenture
after we receive notice from the trustee or holders of at least 25% in aggregate
principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the applicable series; and |
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if specified events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization occur as to us. |
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If an event of default with respect to debt securities of any series occurs and is continuing,
the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt
securities of that series, by notice to us in writing, and to the trustee if notice is given by
such holders, may declare the unpaid principal of, premium, if any, and accrued interest, if any,
due and payable immediately.
The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of an
affected series may waive any default or event of default with respect to the series and its
consequences, except defaults or events of default regarding payment of principal, premium, if any,
or interest, unless we have cured the default or event of default in accordance with the indenture.
Any waiver shall cure the default or event of default.
Subject to the terms of the indentures, if an event of default under an indenture shall occur
and be continuing, the trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers
under such indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of the applicable series of
debt securities, unless such holders have offered the trustee reasonable indemnity. The holders of
a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right
to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the
trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee, with respect to the debt
securities of that series, provided that:
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the direction so given by the holder is not in conflict with any law or the
applicable indenture; and |
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subject to its duties under the Trust Indenture Act, the trustee need not take any
action that might involve it in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the
holders not involved in the proceeding. |
A holder of the debt securities of any series will only have the right to institute a
proceeding under the indentures or to appoint a receiver or trustee, or to seek other remedies if:
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the holder has given written notice to the trustee of a continuing event of default
with respect to that series; |
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the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt
securities of that series have made written request, and such holders have offered
reasonable indemnity to the trustee to institute the proceeding as trustee; |
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the trustee does not institute the proceeding, and does not receive from the holders
of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that
series other conflicting directions within 60 days after the notice, request and offer;
and |
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no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the trustee
during such 60-day period by the holders of a majority in principal amount of the debt
securities of that series. |
These limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by a holder of debt securities if we
default in the payment of the principal, premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities.
We will periodically file statements with the trustee regarding our compliance with specified
covenants in the indentures.
Modification of Indenture; Waiver
We and the trustee may change an indenture without the consent of any holders with respect to
specific matters, including:
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to fix any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency in the indenture; and |
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to change anything that does not materially adversely affect the interests of any
holder of debt securities of any series. |
In addition, under the indentures, the rights of holders of a series of debt securities may be
changed by us and the trustee with the written consent of the holders of at least a majority in
aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series that is affected.
However, we and the trustee may only make the following changes with the consent of each holder of
any outstanding debt securities affected:
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changing the stated maturity of the principal or interest on a series of debt
securities; |
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reducing the principal amount, reducing the rate of or extending the time of payment
of interest, or any premium payable upon the redemption of any debt securities; |
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changing the currency of payment on a debt security; |
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impair your right to sue for payment; |
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modify the subordination provisions, if any, in a manner that is adverse to you; |
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reducing the percentage of debt securities the holders of which are required to
consent to any amendment; or |
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modify any of the foregoing provisions. |
Certain Covenants
The indentures contain certain covenants requiring us to take certain actions and prohibiting
us from taking certain actions, including the following:
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we must maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities; |
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we will do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full
force and effect our existence; and |
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we will cause all properties used or useful in the conduct of our business to be
maintained and kept in good condition. |
Any additional or different covenants or modifications to the foregoing covenants with respect
to any series of debt securities will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Redemption
The indentures provide that the debt securities of any series that are redeemable may be
redeemed at any time at our option, in whole or in part. Debt securities may also be subject to
optional or mandatory redemption on terms and conditions described in the applicable prospectus
supplement.
From and after notice has been given as provided in the applicable indenture, if funds for the
redemption of any debt securities called for redemption shall have been made available on such
redemption date, such debt securities will cease to bear interest on the date fixed for such
redemption specified in such notice, and the only right of the holders of the debt securities will
be to receive payment of the redemption price.
Discharge, Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance
To the extent stated in the prospectus supplement, we may elect to apply the provisions in the
indentures relating to defeasance and discharge of indebtedness, or to defeasance of restrictive
covenants, to the debt securities of any series. The indentures provide that, upon satisfaction of
the requirements described below, we may terminate all of our obligations under the debt securities
of any series and the applicable indenture, known as legal defeasance, other than our obligation:
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to maintain a registrar and paying agents and hold monies for payment in trust; |
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to register the transfer or exchange of the debt securities; and |
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to replace mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen debt securities. |
In addition, we may terminate our obligation to comply with any restrictive covenants under
the debt securities of any series or the applicable indenture, known as covenant defeasance.
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We may exercise our legal defeasance option even if we have previously exercised our covenant
defeasance option. If we exercise either defeasance option, payment of the debt securities may not
be accelerated because of the occurrence of events of default.
To exercise either defeasance option as to debt securities of any series, we must irrevocably
deposit in trust with the trustee money and/or obligations backed by the full faith and credit of
the United States that will provide money in an amount sufficient in the written opinion of a
nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants to pay the principal of, premium, if
any, and each installment of interest on the debt securities. We may only establish this trust if,
among other things:
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no event of default shall have occurred or be continuing; |
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in the case of legal defeasance, we have delivered to the trustee an opinion of
counsel to the effect that we have received from, or there has been published by, the
Internal Revenue Service a ruling or there has been a change in law, which in the
opinion of our counsel, provides that holders of the debt securities will not recognize
gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit, defeasance and
discharge and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amount, in the same
manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit, defeasance and
discharge had not occurred; |
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in the case of covenant defeasance, we have delivered to the trustee an opinion of
counsel to the effect that the holders of the debt securities will not recognize gain or
loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit and covenant defeasance
and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amount, in the same manner and at
the same times as would have been the case if such deposit and covenant defeasance had
not occurred; and |
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we satisfy other customary conditions precedent described in the applicable
indenture. |
Conversion and Exchange of Securities
The terms and conditions, if any, upon which any debt securities are convertible or
exchangeable into debt securities, common stock, preferred stock or other securities or property
will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement relating thereto. Such terms will
include:
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whether such debt securities are convertible or exchangeable into debt securities,
common stock, preferred stock or other securities or property; |
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the conversion price (or manner of calculation thereof); |
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the conversion period; |
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provisions as to whether conversion will be at the option of the holders or us; |
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the events requiring an adjustment of the conversion price and provisions affecting
conversion in the event of the redemption of such debt securities; and |
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any restrictions on conversion, including restrictions directed at maintaining our
REIT status. |
Form, Exchange and Transfer
We will issue the debt securities of each series only in fully registered form without coupons
and, unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, in denominations of
$1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. The indentures provide that we may issue debt securities
of a series in temporary or permanent global form and as book-entry securities that will be
deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company or another depository named by us and
identified in a prospectus supplement with respect to that series.
At the option of the holder, subject to the terms of the indentures and the limitations
applicable to global securities described in the applicable prospectus supplement, the holder of
the debt securities of any series can exchange the debt securities for other debt securities of the
same series, in any authorized denomination and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount.
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Subject to the terms of the indentures and the limitations applicable to global securities set
forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the debt securities may present the debt
securities for exchange or for registration of transfer, duly endorsed or with the form of transfer
endorsed thereon duly executed if so required by us or the security registrar, at the office of the
security registrar or at the office of any transfer agent designated by us for this purpose. Unless
otherwise provided in the debt securities that the holder presents for transfer or exchange, we
will make no service charge for any registration of transfer or exchange, but we may require
payment of any taxes or other governmental charges.
We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement the security registrar, and any transfer
agent in addition to the security registrar, that we initially designate for any debt securities.
We may at any time designate additional transfer agents or rescind the designation of any transfer
agent or approve a change in the office through which any transfer agent acts, except that we will
be required to maintain a transfer agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of each
series.
If we elect to redeem the debt securities of any series, we will not be required to:
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issue, register the transfer of, or exchange any debt securities of that series
during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of mailing
of a notice of redemption of any debt securities that may be selected for redemption and
ending at the close of business on the day of the mailing; or |
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register the transfer of or exchange any debt securities so selected for redemption,
in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any debt securities we are
redeeming in part. |
Information Concerning the Trustee
The trustee, other than during the occurrence and continuance of an event of default under an
indenture, undertakes to perform only those duties as are specifically set forth in the applicable
indenture. Upon an event of default under an indenture, the trustee must use the same degree of
care as a prudent person would exercise or use in the conduct of his or her own affairs. Subject to
this provision, the trustee is under no obligation to exercise any of the powers given it by the
indentures at the request of any holder of debt securities unless it is offered reasonable security
and indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that it might incur.
Payment and Paying Agents
Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make payment of
the interest on any debt securities on any interest payment date to the person in whose name the
debt securities, or one or more predecessor securities, are registered at the close of business on
the regular record date for the interest.
We will pay principal of and any premium and interest on the debt securities of a particular
series at the office of the paying agents designated by us, except that unless we otherwise
indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make interest payments by check which we
will mail to the holder. Unless we otherwise indicate in a prospectus supplement, we will designate
the corporate trust office of the trustee in the City of New York as our sole paying agent for
payments with respect to debt securities of each series. We will name in the applicable prospectus
supplement any other paying agents that we initially designate for the debt securities of a
particular series. We will maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities
of a particular series.
All money we pay to a paying agent or the trustee for the payment of the principal of or any
premium or interest on any debt securities which remains unclaimed at the end of two years after
such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable will be repaid to us, and the holder
of the security thereafter may look only to us for payment thereof.
Subordination
The prospectus supplement relating to any offering of subordinated debt securities will
describe the specific subordination provisions. However, unless otherwise noted in the prospectus
supplement, subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior in right of payment to
senior indebtedness.
The indebtedness underlying any subordinated debt securities will be payable only if all
payments due under our senior indebtedness, as defined in the applicable indenture and any
indenture supplement, including any outstanding senior debt securities, have been made. If we
distribute our assets to creditors upon any dissolution, winding-up, liquidation or reorganization
or in
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bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or similar proceedings, we must first pay all amounts due
or to become due on all senior indebtedness before we pay the principal of, or any premium or
interest on, the subordinated debt securities. In the event the subordinated debt securities are
accelerated because of an event of default, we may not make any payment on the subordinated debt
securities until we have paid all senior indebtedness or the acceleration is rescinded.
By reason of such subordination, if we experience a bankruptcy, dissolution or reorganization,
holders of senior indebtedness may receive more, ratably, and holders of subordinated debt
securities may receive less, ratably, than our other creditors. The indenture for subordinated debt
securities may not limit our ability to incur additional senior or subordinated indebtedness.
Governing Law
The indentures and the debt securities will be governed by and construed in accordance with
the laws of the State of New York, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable.
DESCRIPTION OF OUR WARRANTS
This section describes the general terms and provisions of our securities warrants. The
applicable prospectus supplement will describe the specific terms of the securities warrants
offered through that prospectus supplement as well as any general terms described in this section
that will not apply to those securities warrants.
We may issue securities warrants for the purchase of our debt securities, preferred stock, or
common stock. We may issue warrants independently or together with other securities, and they may
be attached to or separate from the other securities. Each series of securities warrants will be
issued under a separate warrant agreement that we will enter into with a bank or trust company, as
warrant agent, as detailed in the applicable prospectus supplement. The warrant agent will act
solely as our agent in connection with the securities warrants and will not assume any obligation,
or agency or trust relationship, with you.
The prospectus supplement relating to a particular issue of securities warrants will describe
the terms of those securities warrants, including, where applicable:
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the aggregate number of the securities covered by the warrant; |
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the designation, amount and terms of the securities purchasable upon exercise of the
warrant; |
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the exercise price for our debt securities, the amount of debt securities upon
exercise you will receive, and a description of that series of debt securities; |
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the exercise price for shares of our preferred stock, the number of shares of
preferred stock to be received upon exercise, and a description of that series of our
preferred stock; |
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the exercise price for shares of our common stock and the number of shares of common
stock to be received upon exercise; |
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the expiration date for exercising the warrant; |
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the minimum or maximum amount of warrants that may be exercised at any time; |
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a discussion of U.S. federal income tax consequences; and |
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any other material terms of the securities warrants. |
After the warrants expire they will become void. The prospectus supplement will describe how
to exercise securities warrants. A holder must exercise warrants for our preferred stock or common
stock through payment in U.S. dollars. All securities warrants will be issued in registered form.
The prospectus supplement may provide for the adjustment of the exercise price of the securities
warrants.
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Until a holder exercises warrants to purchase our debt securities, preferred stock, or common
stock, that holder will not have any rights as a holder of our debt securities, preferred stock, or
common stock by virtue of ownership of warrants.
BOOK-ENTRY SECURITIES
The securities offered by means of this prospectus may be issued in whole or in part in
book-entry form, meaning that beneficial owners of the securities will not receive certificates
representing their ownership interests in the securities, except in the event the book-entry system
for the securities is discontinued. Securities issued in book entry form will be evidenced by one
or more global securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, a depositary identified in
the applicable prospectus supplement relating to the securities. We expect that The Depository
Trust Company will serve as depository. Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for
the individual securities represented by that security, a global security may not be transferred
except as a whole by the depository for the global security to a nominee of that depository or by a
nominee of that depository to that depository or another nominee of that depository or by the
depository or any nominee of that depository to a successor depository or a nominee of that
successor. Global securities may be issued in either registered or bearer form and in either
temporary or permanent form. The specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to a
class or series of securities that differ from the terms described here will be described in the
applicable prospectus supplement.
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we anticipate that the
provisions described below will apply to depository arrangements.
Upon the issuance of a global security, the depository for the global security or its nominee
will credit on its book-entry registration and transfer system the respective principal amounts of
the individual securities represented by that global security to the accounts of persons that have
accounts with such depository, who are called participants. Those accounts will be designated by
the underwriters, dealers or agents with respect to the securities or by us if the securities are
offered and sold directly by us. Ownership of beneficial interests in a global security will be
limited to the depositorys participants or persons that may hold interests through those
participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in the global security will be shown on, and the
transfer of that ownership will be effected only through, records maintained by the applicable
depository or its nominee (with respect to beneficial interests of participants) and records of the
participants (with respect to beneficial interests of persons who hold through participants). The
laws of some states require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of such
securities in definitive form. These limits and laws may impair the ability to own, pledge or
transfer beneficial interest in a global security.
So long as the depository for a global security or its nominee is the registered owner of such
global security, that depository or nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole owner
or holder of the securities represented by that global security for all purposes under the
applicable indenture or other instrument defining the rights of a holder of the securities. Except
as provided below or in the applicable prospectus supplement, owners of beneficial interest in a
global security will not be entitled to have any of the individual securities of the series
represented by that global security registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to
receive physical delivery of any such securities in definitive form and will not be considered the
owners or holders of that security under the applicable indenture or other instrument defining the
rights of the holders of the securities.
Payments of amounts payable with respect to individual securities represented by a global
security registered in the name of a depository or its nominee will be made to the depository or
its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owner of the global security representing those
securities. None of us, our officers and directors or any trustee, paying agent or security
registrar for an individual series of securities will have any responsibility or liability for any
aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in
the global security for such securities or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records
relating to those beneficial ownership interests.
We expect that the depository for a series of securities offered by means of this prospectus
or its nominee, upon receipt of any payment of principal, premium, interest, dividend or other
amount in respect of a permanent global security representing any of those securities, will
immediately credit its participants accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their
respective beneficial interests in the principal amount of that global security for those
securities as shown on the records of that depository or its nominee. We also expect that payments
by participants to owners of beneficial interests in that global security held through those
participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is the case with
securities held for the account of customers in bearer form or registered in street name. Those
payments will be the responsibility of these participants.
If a depository for a series of securities is at any time unwilling, unable or ineligible to
continue as depository and a successor depository is not appointed by us within 90 days, we will
issue individual securities of that series in exchange for the global security
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representing that series of securities. In addition, we may, at any time and in our sole
discretion, subject to any limitations described in the applicable prospectus supplement relating
to those securities, determine not to have any securities of that series represented by one or more
global securities and, in that event, will issue individual securities of that series in exchange
for the global security or securities representing that series of securities.
MATERIAL PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND OF OUR CHARTER AND BYLAWS
The following is a summary of certain provisions of Maryland law and of our charter and
bylaws. Copies of our charter and bylaws are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of
which this prospectus is a part. See Where You Can Find More Information.
The Board of Directors
Our bylaws provide that the number of directors of our company may be established by our board
of directors but may not be fewer than the minimum number permitted under the MGCL nor more than
25. Any vacancy will be filled, at any regular meeting or at any special meeting called for that
purpose, by a majority of the remaining directors.
Pursuant to our charter, each member of our board of directors will serve one year terms and
until their successors are elected and qualified. Holders of shares of our common stock will have
no right to cumulative voting in the election of directors. Consequently, at each annual meeting of
stockholders at which our board of directors is elected, the holders of a plurality of the shares
of our common stock will be able to elect all of the members of our board of directors.
Business Combinations
Maryland law prohibits business combinations between a corporation and an interested
stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder for five years after the most recent date
on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations
include a merger, consolidation, statutory share exchange, or, in circumstances specified in the
statute, certain transfers of assets, certain stock issuances and transfers, liquidation plans and
reclassifications involving interested stockholders and their affiliates as asset transfer or
issuance or reclassification of equity securities. Maryland law defines an interested stockholder
as:
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any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of our voting
stock; or |
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an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year
period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the
voting power of the then-outstanding voting stock of the corporation. |
A person is not an interested stockholder if the board of directors approves in advance the
transaction by which the person otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. However, in
approving the transaction, the board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to
compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board
of directors.
After the five year prohibition, any business combination between a corporation and an
interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors and approved by the
affirmative vote of at least:
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80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of the then outstanding shares of
common stock; and |
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two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of the common stock other
than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the
business combination is to be effected or shares held by an affiliate or associate of
the interested stockholder. |
These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if certain fair price requirements set
forth in the MGCL are satisfied.
The statute permits various exemptions from its provisions, including business combinations
that are approved by the board of directors before the time that the interested stockholder becomes
an interested stockholder.
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Control Share Acquisitions
The MGCL provides that control shares of a Maryland corporation acquired in a control share
acquisition have no voting rights except to the extent approved at a special meeting by the
affirmative vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding shares of
stock in a corporation in respect of which any of the following persons is entitled to exercise or
direct the exercise of the voting power of shares of stock of the corporation in the election of
directors: (i) a person who makes or proposes to make a control share acquisition, (ii) an officer
of the corporation or (iii) an employee of the corporation who is also a director of the
corporation. Control shares are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other such
shares of stock previously acquired by the acquiror or in respect of which the acquiror is able to
exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy),
would entitle the acquiror to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the
following ranges of voting power: (i) one-tenth or more but less than one-third, (ii) one-third or
more but less than a majority, or (iii) a majority or more of all voting power. Control shares do
not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously
obtained stockholder approval. A control share acquisition means the acquisition of control
shares, subject to certain exceptions.
A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition, upon satisfaction of
certain conditions (including an undertaking to pay expenses), may compel our board of directors to
call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting
rights of the shares. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the
question at any stockholders meeting.
If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver
an acquiring person statement as required by the statute, then, subject to certain conditions and
limitations, the corporation may redeem any or all of the control shares (except those for which
voting rights have previously been approved) for fair value determined, without regard to the
absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of the last control share
acquisition by the acquiror or of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights of such
shares are considered and not approved. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a
stockholders meeting and the acquiror becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to
vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as
determined for purposes of such appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share
paid by the acquiror in the control share acquisition.
The control share acquisition statute does not apply (i) to shares acquired in a merger,
consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or (ii) to
acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation.
Amendment to Our Charter
Our charter may be amended only if declared advisable by the board of directors and approved
by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of all of the votes entitled to be
cast on the matter.
Dissolution of Our Company
The dissolution of our company must be declared advisable by the board of directors and
approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds of all of the votes
entitled to be cast on the matter.
Advance Notice of Director Nominations and New Business
Our bylaws provide that:
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with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, the only business to be
considered and the only proposals to be acted upon will be those properly brought
before the annual meeting: |
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pursuant to our notice of the meeting; |
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by, or at the direction of, a majority of our board of directors; or |
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by a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting and has complied with the
advance notice procedures set forth in our bylaws; |
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with respect to special meetings of stockholders, only the business specified in
our companys notice of meeting may be brought before the meeting of stockholders
unless otherwise provided by law; and |
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nominations of persons for election to our board of directors at any annual or
special meeting of stockholders may be made only: |
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by, or at the direction of, our board of directors; or |
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by a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting and has complied with the
advance notice provisions set forth in our bylaws. |
Anti-Takeover Effect of Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws
The advance notice provisions of our bylaws could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a
change of control of our company that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock
or otherwise be in their best interest.
Indemnification and Limitation of Directors and Officers Liability
Our charter provide for indemnification of our officers and directors against liabilities to
the fullest extent permitted by the MGCL, as amended from time to time.
The MGCL permits a corporation to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful, on
the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made a party by
reason of his or her service in that capacity. The MGCL permits a corporation to indemnify its
present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines,
settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to
which they may be made a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is
established that:
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an act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving
rise to the proceeding and: |
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was committed in bad faith; or |
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was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; |
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the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money,
property or services; or |
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in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable
cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. |
However, under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a
suit by or in the right of the corporation (other than for expenses incurred in a successful
defense of such an action) or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was
improperly received. In addition, the MGCL permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to
a director or officer upon the corporations receipt of:
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a written affirmation by the director or officer of his good faith belief that he
has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation; and |
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a written undertaking by the director or on the directors behalf to repay the
amount paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it is ultimately determined that the
director did not meet the standard of conduct. |
Our bylaws obligate us, to the fullest extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to
time, to indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement
to indemnification, pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a
proceeding to:
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any present or former director or officer who is made a party to the proceeding by
reason of his or her service in that capacity; or |
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any individual who, while a director or officer of our company and at our request,
serves or has served another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership,
joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise as a director,
officer, partner or trustee and who is made a party to the proceeding by reason of
his or her service in that capacity. |
Our bylaws also obligate us to indemnify and advance expenses to any person who served a
predecessor of ours in any of the capacities described in second and third bullet points above and
to any employee or agent of our company or a predecessor of our company.
Insofar as the foregoing provisions permit indemnification of directors, officers or persons
controlling us for liability arising under the Securities Act, we have been informed that in the
opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, this indemnification is against public policy as
expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF OUR STATUS AS A REIT
The following discussion is a summary of the material federal income tax considerations that
may be relevant to a prospective holder of securities, and, unless otherwise noted in the following
discussion, expresses the opinion of Andrews Kurth LLP insofar as it relates to matters of United
States federal income tax law and legal conclusions with respect to those matters. The discussion
does not address all aspects of taxation that may be relevant to particular investors in light of
their personal investment or tax circumstances, or to certain types of investors that are subject
to special treatment under the federal income tax laws, such as insurance companies, financial
institutions or broker-dealers, tax-exempt organizations (except to the limited extent discussed in
Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders), foreign corporations and persons who are not citizens or
residents of the United States (except to the limited extent discussed in Taxation of Non-U.S.
Holders), investors who hold or will hold securities as part of hedging or conversion
transactions, investors subject to federal alternative minimum tax, investors that have a principal
place of business or tax home outside the United States and investors whose functional currency
is not the United States dollar.
The statements of law in this discussion and the opinion of Andrews Kurth LLP are based on
current provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, existing
temporary and final Treasury regulations thereunder, and current administrative rulings and court
decisions. No assurance can be given that future legislative, judicial, or administrative actions
or decisions, which may be retroactive in effect, will not affect the accuracy of any statements in
this prospectus with respect to the transactions entered into or contemplated prior to the
effective date of such changes.
We urge you to consult your own tax advisor regarding the specific tax consequences to you of
ownership of our securities and of our election to be taxed as a REIT. Specifically, we urge you to
consult your own tax advisor regarding the federal, state, local, foreign, and other tax
consequences of such ownership and election and regarding potential changes in applicable tax laws.
Taxation of Our Company
We are currently taxed as a REIT under the federal income tax laws. We believe that we are
organized and operate in such a manner as to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code, and we
intend to continue to operate in such a manner, but no assurance can be given that we will operate
in a manner so as to continue to qualify as a REIT. This section discusses the laws governing the
federal income tax treatment of a REIT and its investors. These laws are highly technical and
complex.
Andrews Kurth LLP has acted as our counsel in connection with the filing of this registration
statement. In the opinion of Andrews Kurth LLP for the taxable years beginning September 5, 1985,
and ending December 31, 2007, we qualified to be taxed as a REIT pursuant to sections 856 through
860 of the Code, and our organization and present and proposed method of operation enables us to
meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code. Investors should be
aware that Andrews Kurth LLPs opinion is based upon customary assumptions, is conditioned upon the
accuracy of certain representations made by us as to factual matters, including representations
regarding the nature of our assets and the future conduct of our business, and is not binding upon
the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or any court. In addition, Andrews Kurth LLPs opinion is
based on existing federal income tax law governing qualification as a REIT, which is subject to
change either prospectively or retroactively. Moreover, our continued qualification and taxation as
a REIT depend upon our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual annual operating
results, certain qualification tests set forth in the federal tax laws. Those qualification tests
include the percentage of income that we earn from specified sources, the percentage of our assets
that falls within specified categories, the diversity of our share ownership,
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and the percentage of our earnings that we distribute. While Andrews Kurth LLP has reviewed
those matters in connection with the foregoing opinion, Andrews Kurth LLP will not review our
compliance with those tests on a continuing basis. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the
actual results of our operation for any particular taxable year will satisfy such requirements. For
a discussion of the tax consequences of our failure to qualify as a REIT, see Failure to
Qualify.
If we qualify as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on the taxable
income that we distribute to our stockholders. The benefit of that tax treatment is that it avoids
the double taxation, or taxation at both the corporate and stockholder levels, that generally
results from owning stock in a corporation. However, we will be subject to federal tax in the
following circumstances:
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We will pay federal income tax on taxable income, including net capital gain, that
we do not distribute to our stockholders during, or within a specified time period
after, the calendar year in which the income is earned. |
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Under certain circumstances, we may be subject to the alternative minimum tax on
items of tax preference. |
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We will pay income tax at the highest corporate rate on (1) net income from the
sale or other disposition of property acquired through foreclosure (foreclosure
property) that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of
business and (2) other non-qualifying income from foreclosure property. |
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We will pay a 100% tax on net income (including any foreign currency gain) from
sales or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, that we
hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. |
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If we fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test, as
described below under Income Tests, and nonetheless continue to qualify as a
REIT because we meet other requirements, we will pay a 100% tax on (1) the gross
income attributable to the greater of the amounts by which we fail the 75% and 95%
gross income tests, multiplied by (2) a fraction intended to reflect our
profitability. |
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If we fail to distribute during a calendar year at least the sum of (1) 85% of our
REIT ordinary income for such year, (2) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for
such year, and (3) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, we will pay a
4% excise tax on the excess of this required distribution over the sum of the amount
we actually distributed, plus any retained amounts on which income tax has been paid
at the corporate level. |
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We may elect to retain and pay income tax on our net long-term capital gain. In
that case a U.S. holder, as defined below under Taxation of U.S. Holders, would
be taxed on its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gain (to
the extent that a timely designation of such gain is made by us to the stockholder)
and would receive a credit or refund for its proportionate share of the tax we paid. |
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If we acquire any asset from a C corporation, or a corporation that generally is
subject to full corporate-level tax, in a merger or other transaction in which we
acquire a basis in the asset that is determined by reference to the C corporations
basis in the asset, we will pay tax at the highest regular corporate rate applicable
if we recognize gain on the sale or disposition of such asset during the 10-year
period after we acquire such asset. The amount of gain on which we will pay tax
generally is the lesser of: (1) the amount of gain that we recognize at the time of
the sale or disposition; or (2) the amount of gain that we would have recognized if
we had sold the asset at the time we acquired the asset. |
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We will incur a 100% excise tax on transactions with a taxable REIT subsidiary
(TRS) that are not conducted on an arms-length basis. |
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If we fail to satisfy certain asset tests, described below under Asset Tests
and nonetheless continue to qualify as a REIT because we meet certain other
requirements, we will be subject to a tax of the greater of $50,000 or at the highest
corporate rate on the income generated by the non-qualifying assets. |
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We may be subject to a $50,000 tax for each failure if we fail to satisfy certain
REIT qualification requirements, other than income tests or asset tests, and the
failure is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect. |
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If we recognize excess inclusion income and have stockholders who are
disqualified organizations, we may have to pay tax at the highest corporate rate on
the portion of the excess inclusion income allocable to the stockholders that are
disqualified organizations. See Taxable Mortgage Pools below. |
In addition, notwithstanding our qualification as a REIT, we may also have to pay certain
state and local income taxes, because not all states and localities treat REITs in the same manner
that they are treated for federal income tax purposes. Moreover, as further described below, any
TRS in which we own an interest will be subject to federal and state corporate income tax on its
taxable income.
Requirements for Qualification
A REIT is a corporation, trust, or association that meets the following requirements:
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it is managed by one or more trustees or directors; |
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its beneficial ownership is evidenced by transferable shares or by transferable
certificates of beneficial interest; |
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it would be taxable as a domestic corporation but for the REIT provisions of the federal
income tax laws; |
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it is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company subject to special
provisions of the federal income tax laws; |
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at least 100 persons are beneficial owners of its shares or ownership certificates; |
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no more than 50% in value of its outstanding shares or ownership certificates is owned,
directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals, as defined in the federal income tax
laws to include certain entities, during the last half of each taxable year; |
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it elects to be a REIT, or has made such election for a previous taxable year, and
satisfies all relevant filing and other administrative requirements established by the IRS
that must be met to elect and maintain REIT status; |
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it uses a calendar year for federal income tax purposes and complies with the
recordkeeping requirements of the federal income tax laws; and |
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it meets certain other qualification tests, described below, regarding the nature of its
income and assets and the amount of its distributions. |
We must meet requirements 1 through 4 during our entire taxable year and must meet requirement
5 during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part of a
taxable year of less than 12 months. If we comply with all the requirements for ascertaining the
ownership of our outstanding shares in a taxable year and have no reason to know that we violated
requirement 6, we will be deemed to have satisfied requirement 6 for such taxable year. For
purposes of determining share ownership under requirement 6, an individual generally includes a
supplemental unemployment compensation benefits plan, a private foundation, or a portion of a trust
permanently set aside or used exclusively for charitable purposes. An individual, however,
generally does not include a trust that is a qualified employee pension or profit sharing trust
under the federal income tax laws, and beneficiaries of such a trust will be treated as holding
shares of our stock in proportion to their actuarial interests in the trust for purposes of
requirement 6.
We have issued sufficient stock with enough diversity of ownership to satisfy requirements 5
and 6 set forth above. In addition, our charter restricts the ownership and transfer of the stock
so that we should continue to satisfy requirements 5 and 6. The provisions of our charter
restricting the ownership and transfer of the stock are described in Description of Our Capital
Stock Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.
If we comply with regulatory rules pursuant to which we are required to send annual letters to
holders of our stock requesting information regarding the actual ownership of our stock, and we do
not know, or exercising reasonable diligence would not have known, whether we failed to meet
requirement 6 above, we will be treated as having met the requirement.
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In addition, we must satisfy all relevant filing and other administrative requirements
established by the IRS that must be met to elect and maintain REIT qualification.
A corporation that is a qualified REIT subsidiary is not treated as a corporation separate
from its parent REIT. All assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of a
qualified REIT subsidiary are treated as assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and
credit of the REIT. A qualified REIT subsidiary is a corporation, other than a TRS, all of the
capital stock of which is owned by the REIT. Thus, in applying the requirements described in this
section, any qualified REIT subsidiary that we own will be ignored, and all assets, liabilities,
and items of income, deduction, and credit of that subsidiary will be treated as our assets,
liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit. Similarly, any wholly owned limited
liability company or certain wholly owned partnerships that we own will be disregarded, and all
assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of such limited liability company
will be treated as ours.
In the case of a REIT that is a partner in a partnership that has other partners, the REIT is
treated as owning its proportionate share of the assets of the partnership and as earning its
allocable share of the gross income of the partnership for purposes of the applicable REIT
qualification tests. For purposes of the 10% value test (as described below under Asset Tests),
our proportionate share is based on our proportionate interest in the equity interests and certain
debt securities issued by the partnership. For all of the other asset and income tests, our
proportionate share is based on our proportionate interest in the capital interests in the
partnership. Our proportionate share of the assets, liabilities, and items of income of any
partnership, joint venture, or limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for
federal income tax purposes in which we own or will acquire an interest, directly or indirectly,
are treated as our assets and gross income for purposes of applying the various REIT qualification
requirements.
Subject to restrictions on the value of TRS securities held by the REIT, a REIT is permitted
to own up to 100% of the stock of one or more TRSs. A TRS is a fully taxable corporation. The TRS
and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a TRS. A corporation of which a TRS
directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the stock will be
automatically treated as a TRS. Overall, no more than 20% for taxable years beginning after
December 31, 2000 and before July 31, 2008, and 25% for taxable years beginning after July 30,
2008, of the value of a REITs assets may consist of TRS securities. See Taxable REIT
Subsidiaries.
Income Tests
We must satisfy two gross income tests annually to maintain our qualification as a REIT.
First, at least 75% of our gross income for each taxable year must consist of defined types of
income that we derive, directly or indirectly, from investments relating to real property or
mortgages on real property or qualified temporary investment income. Qualifying income for purposes
of that 75% gross income test generally includes:
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rents from real property; |
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interest on debt secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property; |
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dividends and gain from the sale of shares in other REITs; |
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gain from the sale of real estate assets; and |
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income derived from the temporary investment of new capital or qualified temporary
investment income, that is attributable to the issuance of our stock or a public offering
of our debt with a maturity date of at least five years and that we receive during the one
year period beginning on the date on which we received such new capital. |
Second, in general, at least 95% of our gross income for each taxable year must consist of
income that is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, other types of
dividends and interest, gain from the sale or disposition of stock or securities, income from
certain hedging transactions, or any combination of these. Gross income from sale of any property
that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business is excluded from
both income tests. In addition, income and gain from hedging transactions, as defined in
"Hedging Transactions, that we entered into after December 31, 2004 and before July 31, 2008 to
hedge indebtedness incurred or to be incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets and that are
clearly and timely identified as such will be excluded from both the numerator and the denominator
for purposes of the 95% gross income test (but not the 75% gross income test). Income and gain
from such hedging transactions that we enter into after July 30, 2008 will be excluded from both
the numerator and the denominator for purposes of the 95% gross income test and the 75% gross
income test. Rules similar
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to those applicable to income from hedging transactions apply to income arising from
transactions that we enter into after July 30, 2008 primarily to manage risk of currency
fluctuations with respect to any item of income or gain included in the computation of the 95%
income test or the 75% income test (or any property which generates such income or gain). The
following paragraphs discuss the specific application of the gross income tests to us.
Rents from Real Property. Rent that we receive from any real property that we might own and
lease to tenants will qualify as rents from real property, which is qualifying income for
purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests, only if the following conditions are met:
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First, the rent must not be based, in whole or in part, on the income or profits
of any person but may be based on a fixed percentage or percentages of gross receipts
or gross sales. |
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Second, neither we nor a direct or indirect owner of 10% or more of our shares of
stock may own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of a tenant other than a TRS
from whom we receive rent. |
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Third, if the rent attributable to personal property leased in connection with a
lease of any real property that we might own exceeds 15% of the total rent received
under the lease, then the portion of rent attributable to that personal property will
not qualify as rents from real property. |
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Fourth, we generally must not operate or manage any real property or furnish or
render services to tenants, other than through an independent contractor who is
adequately compensated, from whom we do not derive revenue, and who does not,
directly or through its stockholders, own more than 35% of our shares of stock,
taking into consideration the applicable ownership attribution rules. However, we
need not provide services through an independent contractor, but instead may
provide services directly to any such tenants, if the services are usually or
customarily rendered in the geographic area in connection with the rental of space
for occupancy only and are not considered to be provided for the tenants
convenience. In addition, we may provide a minimal amount of non-customary services
to the tenants of a property, other than through an independent contractor, as long
as our income from the services (valued at not less than 150% of our direct cost of
performing such services) does not exceed 1% of our income from the related property.
Furthermore, we may own up to 100% of the stock of a TRS which may provide customary
and noncustomary services to tenants without tainting our rental income from the
related properties. See Taxable REIT Subsidiaries. |
Interest. The term interest, as defined for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income
tests, generally does not include any amount received or accrued, directly or indirectly, if the
determination of such amount depends in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person.
However, an amount received or accrued generally will not be excluded from the term interest
solely by reason of being based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales.
Furthermore, to the extent that interest from a loan that is based on the residual cash proceeds
from the sale of the property securing the loan constitutes a shared appreciation provision,
income attributable to such participation feature will be treated as gain from the sale of the
secured property.
In Revenue Procedure 2003-65, the IRS established a safe harbor under which interest from
loans secured by a first priority security interest in ownership interests in a partnership or
limited liability company owning real property will be treated as qualifying income for both the
75% and 95% gross income tests, provided several requirements are satisfied. Although the Revenue
Procedure provides a safe harbor on which taxpayers may rely, it does not prescribe rules of
substantive tax law. Moreover, although we anticipate that most or all of any mezzanine loans that
we make or acquire will qualify for the safe harbor in Revenue Procedure 2003-65, it is possible
that we may make or acquire some mezzanine loans that do not qualify for the safe harbor.
Prohibited Transactions. A REIT will incur a 100% tax on the net income (including any foreign
currency gain) derived from any sale or other disposition of property, other than foreclosure
property, that the REIT holds primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or
business. Whether a REIT holds an asset primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of
a trade or business depends on the facts and circumstances in effect from time to time, including
those related to a particular asset. We do not own assets that are held primarily for sale to
customers. There are safe-harbor provisions in the federal income tax laws prescribing when an
asset sale will not be characterized as a prohibited transaction. We cannot provide assurance,
however, that we can comply with such safe-harbor provisions or that we or our subsidiaries will
avoid owning property that may be characterized as property held primarily for sale to customers
in the ordinary course of a trade or business.
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Foreclosure Property. We will be subject to tax at the maximum corporate rate on any income
from foreclosure property, other than income that would be qualifying income for purposes of the
75% gross income test, less expenses directly connected with the production of such income.
However, gross income from such foreclosure property will qualify for purposes of the 75% and 95%
gross income tests. Foreclosure property is any real property, including interests in real
property, and any personal property incident to such real property:
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that is acquired by a REIT as the result of such REIT having bid on such property
at foreclosure, or having otherwise reduced such property to ownership or possession
by agreement or process of law, after there was a default or default was imminent on
a lease of such property or on an indebtedness that such property secured; |
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for which the related loan or lease was acquired by the REIT at a time when the
REIT had no intent to evict or foreclose or the REIT did not know or have reason to
know that default would occur; and |
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for which such REIT makes a proper election to treat such property as foreclosure
property. |
However, a REIT will not be considered to have foreclosed on a property where the REIT takes
control of the property as a mortgagee-in-possession and cannot receive any profit or sustain any
loss except as a creditor of the mortgagor. Property generally ceases to be foreclosure property
with respect to a REIT at the end of the third taxable year following the taxable year in which the
REIT acquired such property, or longer if an extension is granted by the Secretary of the Treasury.
The foregoing grace period is terminated and foreclosure property ceases to be foreclosure property
on the first day:
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on which a lease is entered into with respect to such property that, by its terms,
will give rise to income that does not qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income
test or any amount is received or accrued, directly or indirectly, pursuant to a
lease entered into on or after such day that will give rise to income that does not
qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test; |
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on which any construction takes place on such property, other than completion of a
building, or any other improvement, where more than 10% of the construction of such
building or other improvement was completed before default became imminent; or |
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which is more than 90 days after the day on which such property was acquired by
the REIT and the property is used in a trade or business which is conducted by the
REIT, other than through an independent contractor from whom the REIT itself does not
derive or receive any income. |
As a result of the rules with respect to foreclosure property, if a lessee defaults on its
obligations under a percentage lease, we terminate the lessees leasehold interest, and we are
unable to find a replacement lessee for the property within 90 days of such foreclosure, gross
income from operations conducted by us from such property could cease to qualify for the 75% and
95% gross income tests unless we are able to hire an independent contractor to manage and operate
the property. In such event, we might be unable to satisfy the 75% and 95% gross income tests and,
thus, might fail to qualify as a REIT.
Hedging Transactions. From time to time, we may enter into hedging transactions with respect
to one or more of our assets or liabilities. Our hedging activities may include entering into
interest rate swaps, caps, and floors, options to purchase such items, and futures and forward
contracts. To the extent that we entered into interest rate cap contracts to hedge our indebtedness
incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets prior to January 1, 2005, any periodic income or
gain from the disposition of such contract should be qualifying income for purposes of the 95%
gross income test, but not the 75% gross income test. To the extent that we entered into hedging
transactions after December 31, 2004 and before July 31, 2008, income arising from clearly
identified hedging transactions that are entered into by the REIT in the normal course of
business, either directly or through certain subsidiary entities, to manage the risk of interest
rate movements, price changes, or currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings or obligations
incurred or to be incurred by the REIT to acquire or carry real estate assets is excluded from the
95% income test, but not the 75% income test. To the extent that we enter into hedging
transactions after July 30, 2008, income arising from clearly identified hedging transactions
that are entered into by the REIT in the normal course of business, either directly or through
certain subsidiary entities, to manage the risk of interest rate movements, price changes, or
currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings or obligations incurred or to be incurred by the
REIT to acquire or carry real estate assets is excluded from the 95% income test and the 75% income
test. In general, for a hedging transaction to be clearly identified, (A) the transaction must
be identified as a hedging transaction before the end of the day on which it is entered into, and
(B) the items or risks being hedged must be identified substantially contemporaneously with the
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hedging transaction, meaning that the identification of the items or risks being hedged must
generally occur within 35 days after the date the transaction is entered into.
Rules similar to those applicable to income from hedging transactions, discussed above, apply
to income arising from transactions that are entered into after July 30, 2008 by the REIT primarily
to manage risk of currency fluctuations with respect to any item of income or gain included in the
computation of the 95% income test or the 75% income test (or any property which generates such
income or gain). We intend to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not
jeopardize our status as a REIT. The REIT income and asset rules may limit our ability to hedge
loans or securities acquired as investments.
Failure to Satisfy Gross Income Tests. If we fail to satisfy one or both of the gross income
tests for any taxable year, we nevertheless may qualify as a REIT for such year if we qualify for
relief under certain provisions of the federal income tax laws. Those relief provisions generally
will be available if:
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our failure to meet such tests is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful
neglect; and |
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following our identification of the failure to meet one or both gross income tests
for a taxable year, a description of each item of our gross income included in the
75% or 95% gross income tests is set forth in a schedule for such taxable year filed
as specified by Treasury regulations. |
We cannot predict, however, whether in all circumstances we would qualify for the relief
provisions. In addition, as discussed above in Taxation of Our Company, even if the relief
provisions apply, we would incur a 100% tax on the gross income attributable to the greater of the
amounts by which we fail the 75% and 95% gross income tests, multiplied by a fraction intended to
reflect our profitability.
Asset Tests
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we also must satisfy the following asset tests at the
close of each quarter of each taxable year:
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First, at least 75% of the value of our total assets must consist of: |
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cash or cash items, including certain receivables; |
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government securities; |
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interests in real property, including leaseholds and options to acquire real
property and leaseholds; |
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interests in mortgages on real property; |
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stock in other REITs; and |
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investments in stock or debt instruments during the one-year period following our
receipt of new capital that we raise through equity offerings or offerings of debt
with at least a five-year term. |
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Second, of our investments not included in the 75% asset class, the value of our
interest in any one issuers securities may not exceed 5% of the value of our total
assets. |
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Third, of our investments not included in the 75% asset class, we may not own more
than 10% of the voting power or value of any one issuers outstanding securities. |
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Fourth, no more than 20% for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2000 and
before July 31, 2008, and 25% for taxable years beginning after July 30, 2008 of the
value of our total assets may consist of the securities of one or more TRSs. |
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For purposes of the second and third asset tests, the term securities does not include stock
in another REIT, equity or debt securities of a qualified REIT subsidiary or TRS, or equity
interests in a partnership.
For purposes of the 10% value test, the term securities does not include:
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Straight debt securities, which is defined as a written unconditional promise to
pay on demand or on a specified date a sum certain in money if (i) the debt is not
convertible, directly or indirectly, into stock, and (ii) the interest rate and
interest payment dates are not contingent on profits, the borrowers discretion, or
similar factors. Straight debt securities do not include any securities issued by a
partnership or a corporation in which we or any controlled TRS (i.e., a TRS in which
we own directly or indirectly more than 50% of the voting power or value of the
stock) hold non straight debt securities that have an aggregate value of more than
1% of the issuers outstanding securities. However, straight debt securities
include debt subject to the following contingencies: |
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a contingency relating to the time of payment of interest or principal, as long as
either (i) there is no change to the effective yield of the debt obligation, other
than a change to the annual yield that does not exceed the greater of 0.25% or 5% of
the annual yield, or (ii) neither the aggregate issue price nor the aggregate face
amount of the issuers debt obligations held by us exceeds $1 million and no more
than 12 months of unaccrued interest on the debt obligations can be required to be
prepaid; and |
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a contingency relating to the time or amount of payment upon a default or
prepayment of a debt obligation, as long as the contingency is consistent with
customary commercial practice. |
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Any loan to an individual or an estate. |
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Any section 467 rental agreement, other than an agreement with a related party
tenant. |
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Any obligation to pay rents from real property. |
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Certain securities issued by governmental entities. |
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Any security issued by a REIT. |
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Any debt instrument of an entity treated as a partnership for federal income tax
purposes to the extent of our interest as a partner in the partnership. |
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Any debt instrument of an entity treated as a partnership for federal income tax
purposes not described in the preceding bullet points if at least 75% of the
partnerships gross income, excluding income from prohibited transactions, is
qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test described above in
Income Tests. |
We believe that our interests in each existing mezzanine loan that is secured only by
ownership interests in an entity owning real property qualify for the safe harbor in Revenue
Procedure 2003-65, pursuant to which mezzanine loans secured by a first priority security interest
in ownership interests in a partnership or limited liability company will be treated as qualifying
assets for purposes of the 75% asset test. We may make or acquire some mezzanine loans that are
secured only by a first priority security interest in ownership interests in a partnership or
limited liability company and that do not qualify for the safe harbor in Revenue Procedure 2003-65
relating to the 75% asset test and that do not qualify as straight debt for purposes of the 10%
value test. We will make or acquire mezzanine loans that do not qualify for the safe harbor in
Revenue Procedure 2003-65 or as straight debt securities but only to the extent that such loans
will not cause us to fail the asset tests described above.
We will monitor the status of our assets for purposes of the various asset tests and will seek
to manage our assets to comply at all times with such tests. There can be no assurances, however,
that we will be successful in this effort. In this regard, to determine our compliance with these
requirements, we will need to estimate the value of the real estate securing our mortgage loans at
various times. In addition, we will have to value our investment in our other assets to ensure
compliance with the asset tests. Although we will seek to be prudent in making these estimates,
there can be no assurances that the IRS might not disagree with these determinations and assert
that a different value is applicable, in which case we might not satisfy the 75% and the other
asset tests and would fail to qualify as a REIT. If we fail to satisfy the asset tests at the end
of a calendar quarter, we will not lose our REIT qualification if:
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we satisfied the asset tests at the end of the preceding calendar quarter; and |
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the discrepancy between the value of our assets and the asset test requirements
(including a discrepancy caused solely by the change in the foreign currency exchange
rate used to value a foreign asset) arose from changes in the market values of our
assets and was not wholly or partly caused by the acquisition of one or more non
qualifying assets. |
If we did not satisfy the condition described in the second item, above, we still could avoid
disqualification by eliminating any discrepancy within 30 days after the close of the calendar
quarter in which it arose.
In the event that we violate the second or third asset tests described above at the end of any
calendar quarter, we will not lose our REIT qualification if (i) the failure is de minimis (up to
the lesser of 1% of our assets or $10 million) and (ii) we dispose of assets or otherwise comply
with the asset tests within six months after the last day of the quarter in which we identified
such failure. In the event of a more than de minimis failure of any of the asset tests, as long as
the failure was due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, we will not lose our REIT
qualification if we (i) dispose of assets or otherwise comply with the asset tests within six
months after the last day of the quarter in which we identified such failure, (ii) file a schedule
with the IRS describing the assets that caused such failure in accordance with regulations
promulgated by the Secretary of Treasury and (iii) pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or 35%
of the net income from the nonqualifying assets during the period in which we failed to satisfy the
asset tests.
Distribution Requirements
Each taxable year, we must distribute dividends, other than capital gain dividends and deemed
distributions of retained capital gain, to our stockholders in an aggregate amount at least equal
to:
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the sum of (1) 90% of our REIT taxable income, computed without regard to the
dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain, and (2) 90% of our after-tax net
income, if any, from foreclosure property; minus |
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the sum of certain items of non-cash income. |
We must pay such distributions in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following
taxable year if we declare the distribution before we timely file our federal income tax return for
such year and pay the distribution on or before the first regular dividend payment date after such
declaration. Any dividends declared in the last three months of the taxable year, payable to
stockholders of record on a specified date during such period, will be treated as paid on December
31 of such year if such dividends are distributed during January of the following year.
We will pay federal income tax on taxable income, including net capital gain, that we do not
distribute to our stockholders. Furthermore, if we fail to distribute during a calendar year, or by
the end of January following such calendar year in the case of distributions with declaration and
record dates falling in the last three months of the calendar year, at least the sum of:
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85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year; |
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95% of our REIT capital gain income for such year; and |
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any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, |
we will incur a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the
amounts we actually distributed. We may elect to retain and pay income tax on the net long-term
capital gain we receive in a taxable year. See Taxation of Taxable U.S. Holders of Stock. If
we so elect, we will be treated as having distributed any such retained amount for purposes of the
4% excise tax described above. We intend to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy the
annual distribution requirements.
It is possible that, from time to time, we may experience timing differences between (1) the
actual receipt of income and actual payment of deductible expenses, and (2) the inclusion of that
income and deduction of such expenses in arriving at our REIT taxable income. In addition, we may
not deduct recognized net capital losses from our REIT taxable income. As a result of the
foregoing, we may have less cash than is necessary to distribute all of our taxable income and
thereby avoid corporate income tax and the excise tax imposed on certain undistributed income. In
such a situation, we may need to borrow funds or issue additional common or preferred shares.
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Under certain circumstances, we may be able to correct a failure to meet the distribution
requirement for a year by paying deficiency dividends to our stockholders in a later year. We may
include such deficiency dividends in our deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year.
Although we may be able to avoid income tax on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends, we will
be required to pay interest to the IRS based upon the amount of any deduction we take for
deficiency dividends.
Recordkeeping Requirements
To avoid a monetary penalty, we must request on an annual basis information from our
stockholders designed to disclose the actual ownership of our outstanding shares of stock. We
intend to comply with such requirements.
Failure to Qualify
If we fail to satisfy one or more requirements for REIT qualification, other than the gross
income tests and the asset tests, we could avoid disqualification if our failure is due to
reasonable cause and not to willful neglect and we pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure.
In addition, there are relief provisions for a failure of the gross income tests and asset tests,
as described in Income Tests and Asset Tests.
If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, and no relief provision applied,
we would be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates and any
applicable alternative minimum tax. In calculating our taxable income in a year in which we failed
to qualify as a REIT, we would not be able to deduct amounts paid out to stockholders. In fact, we
would not be required to distribute any amounts to stockholders in such year. In such event, to the
extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, all distributions to stockholders would
be taxable as regular corporate dividends. The excess inclusion income rules (which are described
under Taxable Mortgage Pools below) will not apply to the distributions we make. Subject to
certain limitations of the federal income tax laws, corporate stockholders might be eligible for
the dividends received deduction and individual and certain non corporate trust and estate
stockholders may be eligible for the reduced U.S. federal income tax rate of 15% on such dividends.
Unless we qualified for relief under specific statutory provisions, we also would be disqualified
from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which we ceased to
qualify as a REIT. We cannot predict whether in all circumstances we would qualify for such
statutory relief.
Taxation of Tax-Exempt Entities or Accounts
Tax-exempt entities or accounts, including qualified employee pension and profit sharing
trusts and individual retirement accounts, generally are exempt from federal income taxation, thus
typically dividends received by such entities are not subject to taxation when received. However,
these entities or accounts are subject to taxation on any unrelated business taxable income
generated. While many investments in real estate generate unrelated business taxable income, the
IRS has issued a published ruling that dividend distributions from a REIT to an exempt employee
pension trust do not constitute unrelated business taxable income, provided that the exempt
employee pension trust does not otherwise use the shares of the REIT in an unrelated trade or
business of the pension trust. Based on that ruling, amounts that we distribute to tax-exempt
stockholders generally should not constitute unrelated business taxable income.
However, if a tax-exempt stockholder were to finance its acquisition of our stock with debt, a
portion of the income that it receives from us would constitute unrelated business taxable income
pursuant to the debt-financed property rules. Furthermore, social clubs, voluntary employee
benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts, and qualified group legal services
plans that are exempt from taxation under special provisions of the federal income tax laws are
subject to different unrelated business taxable income rules, which generally will require them to
characterize distributions that they receive from us as unrelated business taxable income. Finally,
if we are a pension-held REIT, a qualified employee pension or profit sharing trust that owns
more than 10% of our shares of stock is required to treat a percentage of the dividends that it
receives from us as unrelated business taxable income. That percentage is equal to the gross income
that we derive from an unrelated trade or business, if any, determined as if we were a pension
trust, divided by our total gross income for the year in which we pay the dividends. That rule
applies to a pension trust holding more than 10% of our shares of stock only if:
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the percentage of our dividends that the tax-exempt trust would be required to
treat as unrelated business taxable income is at least 5%; |
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we qualify as a REIT by reason of the modification of the rule requiring that no
more than 50% of our stock be |
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owned by five or fewer individuals that allows the beneficiaries of the pension trust
to be treated as holding our stock in proportion to their actuarial interests in the
pension trust (see Requirements for Qualification above); and |
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either (1) one pension trust owns more than 25% of the value of our stock or (2) a
group of pension trusts individually holding more than 10% of the value of our stock
collectively owns more than 50% of the value of our stock. |
The ownership and transfer restrictions in our charter reduce the risk that we may become a
pension-held REIT.
A tax-exempt entity may also be required to treat any excess inclusion income as unrelated
business taxable income as described in Taxable Mortgage Pools.
Taxation of U.S. Holders
The term U.S. holder means a holder of our securities that for U.S. federal income tax
purposes is a U.S. person. A U.S. person means:
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a citizen or resident of the United States; |
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a corporation (including an entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal
income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States,
any of its states, or the District of Columbia; |
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an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of
its source; or |
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any trust if (1) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the
administration of such trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to
control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) it has a valid election in
place to be treated as a U.S. person. |
If a partnership, entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax
purposes holds our securities, the federal income tax treatment of a partner in the partnership
will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you
are a partner in a partnership holding our securities, you should consult your tax advisor
regarding the consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our securities by the
partnership. The following section addresses the treatment of a U.S. holder that holds our stock;
the treatment of a U.S. holder that holds our debt securities is discussed below under Holders
of Debt Securities.
Taxation of Taxable U.S. Holders of Stock
As long as we qualify as a REIT, (1) a taxable U.S. holder of our stock must report as
ordinary income distributions that are made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits
and that we do not designate as capital gain dividends, and (2) a corporate U.S. holder of our
stock will not qualify for the dividends received deduction generally available to corporations. In
addition, dividends paid to a U.S. holder generally will not qualify for the 15% tax rate (through
2010) for qualified dividend income. Without future congressional action, the maximum tax rate on
qualified dividend income will move to 39.6% in 2011. Qualified dividend income generally includes
dividends from most U.S. corporations but does not generally include REIT dividends. As a result,
our ordinary REIT dividends generally will continue to be taxed at the higher tax rate applicable
to ordinary income. Currently, the highest marginal individual income tax rate on ordinary income
is 35%. However, the 15% tax rate for qualified dividend income will apply to our ordinary REIT
dividends, if any, that are (1) attributable to dividends received by us from non-REIT
corporations, such as our TRSs, and (2) attributable to income upon which we have paid corporate
income tax (e.g., to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our taxable income). In
general, to qualify for the reduced tax rate on qualified dividend income, a stockholder must hold
our stock for more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date that is 60 days
before the date on which our stock becomes ex-dividend.
A U.S. holder generally will report distributions that we designate as capital gain dividends
as long-term capital gain without regard to the period for which the U.S. holder has held our
stock. A corporate U.S. holder, however, may be required to treat up to 20% of certain capital gain
dividends as ordinary income.
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We may elect to retain and pay income tax on the net long-term capital gain that we receive in
a taxable year. In that case, a U.S. holder would be taxed on its proportionate share of our
undistributed long-term capital gain, to the extent that we designate such amount in a timely
notice to such stockholder. The U.S. holder would receive a credit or refund for its proportionate
share of the tax we paid. The U.S. holder would increase the basis in its stock by the amount of
its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gain, minus its share of the tax we
paid.
To the extent that we make a distribution in excess of our current and accumulated earnings
and profits, such distribution will not be taxable to a U.S. holder to the extent that it does not
exceed the adjusted tax basis of the U.S. holders stock. Instead, such distribution will reduce
the adjusted tax basis of such stock. To the extent that we make a distribution in excess of both
our current and accumulated earnings and profits and the U.S. holders adjusted tax basis in its
stock, such stockholder will recognize long-term capital gain, or short-term capital gain if the
stock has been held for one year or less, assuming the stock is a capital asset in the hands of the
U.S. holder. The IRS has ruled that if total distributions for two or more classes of stock are in
excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, dividends must be treated as having been
distributed to those stockholders having a priority under the corporate charter before any
distribution to stockholders with lesser priority. If we declare a dividend in October, November,
or December of any year that is payable to a U.S. holder of record on a specified date in any such
month, such dividend shall be treated as both paid by us and received by the U.S. holder on
December 31 of such year, provided that we actually pay the dividend during January of the
following calendar year.
For REIT distributions declared on or after January 1, 2008, the IRS will treat a distribution
of stock as a property distribution, and the amount of such stock distribution will be considered
to equal the amount of the money which could have been received instead, if:
(1) The distribution is made with respect to the REITs stock;
(2) Stock of the REIT is publicly traded on an established securities market in the United
States;
(3) The distribution is declared with respect to a taxable year ending on or before December
31, 2009;
(4) Pursuant to the declaration each shareholder may elect to receive its entire entitlement
under the declaration in either money or stock of the REIT of equivalent value subject to a
limitation on the amount of money to be distributed in the aggregate to all shareholders (the Cash
Limitation), provided that:
(a) the Cash Limitation is not less than 10% of the aggregate declared distribution, and
(b) if too many shareholders elect to receive money, each shareholder electing to
receive money will receive a pro rata amount of money corresponding to his respective
entitlement under the declaration, but in no event will any shareholder electing to receive
money receive less than 10% of their entire entitlement in money;
(5) The calculation of the number of shares to be received by any shareholder will be
determined, as close as practicable to the payment date, based upon a formula utilizing market
prices that is designed to equate in value the number of shares to be received with the amount of
money that could be received instead. For purposes of applying paragraph (4), the value of the
shares to be distributed is determined by using this formula; and
(6) With respect to any shareholder participating in a dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP),
the DRIP applies only to the extent that, in the absence of the DRIP, the shareholder would have
received the distribution in money under paragraph (4).
Stockholders may not include in their individual income tax returns any of our net operating
losses or capital losses. Instead, we would carry over such losses for potential offset against our
future income generally. Taxable distributions from us and gain from the disposition of our stock
will not be treated as passive activity income, and, therefore, stockholders generally will not be
able to apply any passive activity losses, such as losses from certain types of limited
partnerships in which the stockholder is a limited partner, against such income. In addition,
taxable distributions from us and gain from the disposition of the stock generally will be treated
as investment income for purposes of the investment interest limitations.
We will notify stockholders after the close of our taxable year as to the portions of the
distributions attributable to that year that constitute ordinary income, return of capital, and
capital gain.
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Taxation of U.S. Holders on the Disposition of Stock. In general, a U.S. holder who is not a
dealer in securities must treat any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of our stock
as long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. holder has held the stock for more than one year and
otherwise as short-term capital gain or loss. However, a U.S. holder must treat any loss upon a
sale or exchange of stock held by such stockholder for six months or less as a long-term capital
loss to the extent of any actual or deemed distributions from us that such U.S. holder previously
has characterized as long-term capital gain. All or a portion of any loss that a U.S. holder
realizes upon a taxable disposition of the stock may be disallowed if the U.S. holder purchases the
same type of stock within 30 days before or after the disposition.
Capital Gains and Losses. A taxpayer generally must hold a capital asset for more than one
year for gain or loss derived from its sale or exchange to be treated as long-term capital gain or
loss. The highest marginal individual income tax rate is currently 35%. The maximum tax rate on
long-term capital gain applicable to non-corporate taxpayers is 15% for sales and exchanges of
assets held for more than one year. In general, the maximum tax rate on long-term capital gain
from the sale or exchange of section 1250 property, or depreciable real property, is 25% to the
extent that such gain would have been treated as ordinary income if the property were section 1245
property. With respect to distributions that we designate as capital gain dividends and any
retained capital gain that we are deemed to distribute, we generally may designate whether such a
distribution is taxable to our non-corporate stockholders at a 15% or 25% rate. Thus, the tax rate
differential between capital gain and ordinary income for non-corporate taxpayers may be
significant. In addition, the characterization of income as capital gain or ordinary income may
affect the deductibility of capital losses. A non-corporate taxpayer may deduct capital losses not
offset by capital gains against its ordinary income only up to a maximum annual amount of $3,000. A
non-corporate taxpayer may carry forward unused capital losses indefinitely. A corporate taxpayer
must pay tax on its net capital gain at ordinary corporate rates. A corporate taxpayer may deduct
capital losses only to the extent of capital gains, with unused losses being carried back three
years and forward five years.
Information Reporting Requirements and Backup Withholding. We will report to our stockholders
and to the IRS the amount of distributions we pay during each calendar year and the amount of tax
we withhold, if any. Under the backup withholding rules, a stockholder may be subject to backup
withholding at the rate of 28% with respect to distributions unless such holder:
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is a corporation or comes within certain other exempt categories and, when
required, demonstrates this fact; or |
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provides a taxpayer identification number, certifies as to no loss of exemption
from backup withholding, and otherwise complies with the applicable requirements of
the backup withholding rules. |
A stockholder who does not provide us with its correct taxpayer identification number also may
be subject to penalties imposed by the IRS. Any amount paid as backup withholding will be
creditable against the stockholders income tax liability. In addition, any stockholders who fail
to certify their non-foreign status to us may be subject to withholding on a portion of capital
gain distributions. See Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders
The rules governing U.S. federal income taxation of non-U.S. holders of our securities are
complex. A non-U.S. holder means a holder that is not a U.S. holder, as defined above, and is
not an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. This section is only
a summary of such rules as they apply to non-U.S. holders of our stock; a summary of such rules as
they apply to non-U.S. holders of our debt securities is discussed below under Holders of Debt
Securities. We urge non-U.S. holders to consult their own tax advisors to determine the impact of
federal, state, and local income tax laws on ownership of our stock, including any reporting
requirements.
The portion of a distribution that is received by a non-U.S. holder that we can not designate
as a capital gain dividend and that is payable out of our current or accumulated earnings and
profits will be subject to U.S. income tax withholding at the rate of 30% on the gross amount of
any such distribution paid unless either:
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a lower treaty rate applies and the non-U.S. holder files an IRS Form W-8BEN
evidencing eligibility for that reduced rate with the payor; or |
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the non-U.S. holder files an IRS Form W-8ECI with the payor claiming that the
distribution is effectively connected income. |
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If a distribution is treated as effectively connected with the non-U.S. holders conduct of a
U.S. trade or business, the non-U.S. holder generally will be subject to federal income tax on the
distribution at graduated rates, in the same manner as U.S. holders are taxed with respect to such
distributions. A non-U.S. holder that is a corporation also may be subject to the 30% branch
profits tax with respect to a distribution treated as effectively connected with its conduct of a
U.S. trade or business, unless reduced or eliminated by a tax treaty.
Except as described in the following paragraph, a non-U.S. holder will not incur tax on a
distribution in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits if the excess portion of
such distribution does not exceed the adjusted basis of its stock. Instead, the excess portion of
such distribution will reduce the adjusted basis of such stock. A non-U.S. holder will be subject
to tax on a distribution that exceeds both our current and accumulated earnings and profits and the
adjusted basis of its stock, if the non-U.S. holder otherwise would be subject to tax on gain from
the sale or disposition of its stock, as described below. If we cannot determine at the time we
make a distribution whether or not the distribution will exceed our current and accumulated
earnings and profits, the entire amount of any distribution will be treated as a taxable dividend.
However, a non-U.S. holder may obtain a full or partial refund, as appropriate, of amounts that are
withheld if we later determine that a distribution in fact exceeded our current and accumulated
earnings and profits.
If our stock constitutes a United States real property interest, as defined below, unless we
are a domestically-controlled REIT, as defined below or the distribution is with respect to a
class of our stock regularly traded on an established securities market located in the United
States and the non-U.S. holder does not own more than 5% of such class of stock at any time during
the taxable year within which the distribution is received, withholding at a rate of 10% is
required on any distribution that exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits.
Consequently, although withholding at a rate of 30% on the entire amount of any distribution is
generally required, withholding at a rate of 10% may be required on any portion of a distribution
not subject to withholding at a rate of 30%.
For any year in which we qualify as a REIT, a non-U.S. holder may incur tax on distributions
that are attributable (or deemed so attributable pursuant to applicable Treasury regulations) to
gain from any sale or exchange of United States real property interests under special provisions
of the federal income tax laws referred to as FIRPTA. The term United States real property
interests includes certain interests in real property and stock in corporations at least 50% of
whose assets consists of interests in real property. Under those rules, a non-U.S. holder is taxed
on distributions attributable (or deemed attributable) to gain from sales of United States real
property interests as if such gain were effectively connected with a United States business of the
non-U.S. holder. A non-U.S. holder thus would be taxed on such a distribution at the normal rates,
including applicable capital gains rates, applicable to U.S. holders, subject to applicable
alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of a nonresident alien
individual. A non-U.S. corporate holder not entitled to treaty relief or exemption also may be
subject to the 30% branch profits tax on such a distribution. Except as described below with
respect to regularly traded stock, withholding is required at a rate of 35% of any distribution
that we could designate as a capital gain dividend. A non-U.S. holder may receive a credit against
its tax liability for the amount we withhold. Any distribution with respect to any class of stock
which is regularly traded on an established securities market located in the United States, such as
our stock, shall not be treated as gain recognized from the sale or exchange of a United States
real property interest if the non-U.S. holder did not own more than 5% of such class of stock at
any time during the taxable year within which the distribution is received. The distribution will
be treated as an ordinary dividend to the non-U.S. holder and taxed as an ordinary dividend that is
not a capital gain. A non-U.S. holder is not required to file a U.S. federal income tax return by
reason of receiving such a distribution, and the branch profits tax no longer applies to such a
distribution. However, the distribution will be subject to U.S. federal income tax withholding as
an ordinary dividend as described above.
Any distribution that is made by a REIT that would otherwise be subject to FIRPTA because the
distribution is attributable to the disposition of a United States real property interest shall
retain its character as FIRPTA income when distributed to any regulated investment company or other
REIT, and shall be treated as if it were from the disposition of a United States real property
interest by that regulated investment company or other REIT. A wash sale rule is also applicable
to transactions involving certain dispositions of REIT stock to avoid FIRPTA tax on dispositions of
United States real property interests.
A non-U.S. holder generally will not incur tax under FIRPTA with respect to gain realized upon
a disposition of our stock as long as we are a domestically-controlled REIT. A domestically
controlled REIT is a REIT in which, at all times during a specified testing period, less than 50%
in value of its shares are held directly or indirectly by non U.S. holders. We cannot assure you
that that test will be met. However, a non-U.S. holder that owned, actually or constructively, 5%
or less of our stock at all times during a specified testing period will not incur tax under FIRPTA
with respect to any such gain if the stock is regularly traded on an established securities
market. To the extent that our stock is regularly traded on an established securities market, a
non-U.S. holder will not incur tax under FIRPTA unless it owns more than 5% of our stock. If the
gain on the sale of the stock were taxed under
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FIRPTA, a non-U.S. holder would be taxed in the same manner as U.S. holders with respect to
such gain, subject to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in
the case of nonresident alien individuals. Furthermore, a non-U.S. holder generally will incur tax
on gain not subject to FIRPTA if (1) the gain is effectively connected with the non-U.S. holders
U.S. trade or business, in which case the non-U.S. holder will be subject to the same treatment as
U.S. holders with respect to such gain, or (2) the non-U.S. holder is a nonresident alien
individual who was present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a tax
home in the United States, in which case the non-U.S. holder will incur a 30% tax on his capital
gains.
Taxable REIT Subsidiaries
We may own stock of a TRS. A TRS is a fully taxable corporation for which a TRS election is
properly made. A corporation of which a TRS directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting
power or value of the stock will automatically be treated as a TRS. Overall, no more than 20% for
taxable years beginning after December 31, 2000 and before July 31, 2008, and 25% for taxable years
beginning after July 30, 2008 of the value of our assets may consist of securities of one or more
TRSs, and no more than 25% of the value of our assets may consist of the securities of TRSs and
other assets that are not qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% asset test.
The TRS rules limit the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a TRS to us to assure
that the TRS is subject to an appropriate level of corporate taxation. Further, the rules impose a
100% excise tax on transactions between a TRS and us or our tenants, if any, that are not conducted
on an arms-length basis.
We have formed and made a timely election with respect to one TRS presently owned.
Additionally, we may form or acquire additional TRSs in the future.
Taxable Mortgage Pools
A taxable mortgage pool is any entity (or in certain cases, a portion of an entity) other than
a REMIC or a financial asset securitization investment trust that has the following
characteristics:
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Substantially all (generally, more than 80%) of the assets of such entity consist
of debt obligations and more than 50% of such debt obligations are real estate
mortgages; |
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Such entity issues two or more classes of debt obligations having different
maturities; and |
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The timing and amount of payments or projected payments on the debt obligations
issued by the entity are determined in large part by the timing and amount of
payments the entity receives on the debt obligations it holds as assets. |
If a REIT is a taxable mortgage pool, or if a REIT owns a qualified REIT subsidiary that is a
taxable mortgage pool, then a portion of the REITs income will be treated as excess inclusion
income and a portion of the dividends the REIT pays to its stockholders will be considered to be
excess inclusion income. You cannot offset excess inclusion income with net operating losses or
otherwise allowable deductions. Moreover, if you are a tax-exempt stockholder, such as a domestic
pension fund, you must treat excess inclusion income as unrelated business taxable income. If you
are not a U.S. holder, your dividend distributions may be subject to withholding tax, without
regard to any exemption or reduction in rate that might otherwise apply, with respect to your share
of excess inclusion income. The manner in which excess inclusion income would be allocated among
shares of different classes of our stock or how such income is to be reported to stockholders is
not clear under current law.
Although we generally leverage our investments in mortgage securities and commercial loans, we
believe that our financing transactions do not presently cause any portion of our assets to be
treated as a taxable mortgage pool.
Redemption and Conversion of Preferred Stock
Cash Redemption of Preferred Stock
A redemption of preferred stock will be treated for federal income tax purposes as a
distribution taxable as a dividend (to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and
profits) at ordinary income rates, unless the redemption satisfies one of the tests
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set forth in Section 302(b) of the Code and is therefore treated as a sale or exchange of the
redeemed shares. Such a redemption will be treated as a sale or exchange if it (i) is
substantially disproportionate with respect to the holder (which will not be the case if only
non-voting preferred stock is redeemed), (ii) results in a complete termination of the holders
equity interest in our Company, or (iii) is not essentially equivalent to a dividend with respect
to the holder, all within the meaning of Section 302(b) of the Code.
In determining whether any of these tests has been met, shares of our common stock and
preferred stock considered to be owned by the holder by reason of certain constructive ownership
rules set forth in the Code, as well as shares of our common stock and preferred stock actually
owned by the holder, must generally be taken into account. If a holder of preferred stock owns
(actually and constructively) no shares of our outstanding common stock or an insubstantial
percentage thereof, a redemption of shares of preferred stock of that holder is likely to qualify
for sale or exchange treatment because the redemption would be not essentially equivalent to a
dividend. However, because the determination as to whether any of the alternative tests of Section
302(b) of the Code will be satisfied with respect to any particular holder of preferred stock
depends upon the facts and circumstances at the time the determination must be made. We urge
prospective holders of preferred stock to consult their own tax advisors to determine such tax
treatment.
If a redemption of preferred stock is not treated as a distribution taxable as a dividend to a
particular holder, it will be treated as a taxable sale or exchange by that holder. As a result,
the holder will recognize gain or loss for federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the
difference between (i) the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received (less
any portion thereof attributable to accumulated and declared but unpaid dividends, which will be
taxable as a dividend to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits) and (ii)
the holders adjusted tax basis in the shares of the preferred stock. Such gain or loss will be
capital gain or loss if the shares of preferred stock were held as a capital asset, and will be
long-term gain or loss if such shares were held for more than one year. If a redemption of
preferred stock is treated as a distribution taxable as a dividend, the amount of the distribution
will be measured by the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received by the
holder. The holders adjusted tax basis in the redeemed shares of the preferred stock will be
transferred to the holders remaining shares of our stock. If the holder owns no other shares of
our stock, such basis may, under certain circumstances, be transferred to a related person or it
may be lost entirely.
Conversion of Preferred Stock into Common Stock
In general, no gain or loss will be recognized for federal income tax purposes upon conversion
of the preferred stock solely into shares of common stock. The basis that a stockholder will have
for tax purposes in the shares of common stock received upon conversion will be equal to the
adjusted basis for the stockholder in the shares of preferred stock so converted, and provided that
the shares of preferred stock were held as a capital asset, the holding period for the shares of
common stock received would include the holding period for the shares of preferred stock converted.
A stockholder will, however, generally recognize gain or loss on the receipt of cash in lieu of
fractional shares of common stock in an amount equal to the difference between the amount of cash
received and the stockholders adjusted basis for tax purposes in the preferred stock for which
cash was received. Furthermore, under certain circumstances, a stockholder of shares of preferred
stock may recognize gain or dividend income to the extent that there are dividends in arrears on
the shares at the time of conversion into common stock.
Adjustments to Conversion Price
Adjustments in the conversion price, or the failure to make such adjustments, pursuant to the
anti-dilution provisions of the preferred stock or otherwise, may result in constructive
distributions to the stockholders of preferred stock that could, under certain circumstances, be
taxable to them as dividends pursuant to Section 305 of the Code. If such a constructive
distribution were to occur, a stockholder of preferred stock could be required to recognize
ordinary income for tax purposes without receiving a corresponding distribution of cash.
Warrants
Upon the exercise of a warrant for common stock, a holder will not recognize gain or loss and
will have a tax basis in the common stock received equal to the tax basis in such stockholders
warrant plus the exercise price of the warrant. The holding period for the common stock purchased
pursuant to the exercise of a warrant will begin on the day following the date of exercise and will
not include the period that the stockholder held the warrant.
Upon a sale or other disposition of a warrant, a holder will recognize capital gain or loss in
an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized and the holders tax basis in the
warrant. Such a gain or loss will be long term if the holding period is
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more than one year. In the event that a warrant lapses unexercised, a holder will recognize a
capital loss in an amount equal to his tax basis in the warrant. Such loss will be long term if the
warrant has been held for more than one year.
Holders of Debt Securities
U.S. Holders
Payments of Interest. In general, except as described below under Original Issue Discount,
interest on debt securities will be taxable to a U.S. holder as ordinary income at the time it
accrues or is received, in accordance with the U.S. holders regular method of accounting for
United States federal income tax purposes. In general, if the terms of a debt instrument entitle a
holder to receive payments other than qualified stated interest (generally, stated interest that
is unconditionally payable in cash or in property (other than debt instruments of the issuer) at
least annually at a single fixed or qualifying floating rate), such holder might be required to
recognize additional interest as original issue discount over the term of the instrument.
Original Issue Discount. If you own debt securities issued with original issue discount
(OID), you will be subject to special tax accounting rules, as described in greater detail below.
In that case, you should be aware that you generally must include OID in gross income in advance of
the receipt of cash attributable to that income. However, you generally will not be required to
include separately in income cash payments received on the debt securities, even if denominated as
interest, to the extent those payments do not constitute qualified stated interest, as defined
below. If we determine that a particular debt security will be issued with OID (an OID debt
security), we will disclose that determination in the prospectus supplement or supplements
relating to those debt securities.
A debt security with an issue price that is less than the stated redemption price at
maturity (the sum of all payments to be made on the debt security other than qualified stated
interest) generally will be issued with OID if that difference is at least 0.25% of the stated
redemption price at maturity multiplied by the number of complete years to maturity. The issue
price of each debt security in a particular offering will be the first price at which a
substantial amount of that particular offering is sold to the public. The term qualified stated
interest means stated interest that is unconditionally payable in cash or in property, other than
debt instruments of the issuer, and the interest to be paid meets all of the following conditions:
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it is payable at least once per year; |
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it is payable over the entire term of the debt security; and |
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it is payable at a single fixed rate or, subject to certain conditions, based on
one or more interest indices. |
If we determine that particular debt securities of a series will bear interest that is not
qualified stated interest, we will disclose that determination in the prospectus supplement or
supplements relating to those debt securities.
If you own a debt security issued with de minimis OID, which is discount that is not OID
because it is less than 0.25% of the stated redemption price at maturity multiplied by the number
of complete years to maturity, you generally must include the de minimis OID in income at the time
principal payments on the debt securities are made in proportion to the amount paid. Any amount of
de minimis OID that you have included in income will be treated as capital gain.
Certain of the debt securities may contain provisions permitting them to be redeemed prior to
their stated maturity at our option and/or at your option. OID debt securities containing those
features may be subject to rules that differ from the general rules discussed herein. If you are
considering the purchase of OID debt securities with those features, you should carefully examine
the applicable prospectus supplement or supplements and should consult your own tax advisors with
respect to those features since the tax consequences to you with respect to OID will depend, in
part, on the particular terms and features of the debt securities.
If you own OID debt securities with a maturity upon issuance of more than one year you
generally must include OID in income in advance of the receipt of some or all of the related cash
payments using the constant yield method described in the following paragraphs. This method takes
into account the compounding of interest.
The amount of OID that you must include in income if you are the initial U.S. holder of an OID
debt security is the sum of the daily portions of OID with respect to the debt security for each
day during the taxable year or portion of the taxable year in
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which you held that debt security (accrued OID). The daily portion is determined by
allocating to each day in any accrual period a pro rata portion of the OID allocable to that
accrual period. The accrual period for an OID debt security may be of any length and may vary in
length over the term of the debt security, provided that each accrual period is no longer than one
year and each scheduled payment of principal or interest occurs on the first day or the final day
of an accrual period. The amount of OID allocable to any accrual period other than the final
accrual period is an amount equal to the excess, if any, of:
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the debt securitys adjusted issue price at the beginning of the accrual period
multiplied by its yield to maturity, determined on the basis of compounding at the close of
each accrual period and properly adjusted for the length of the accrual period, over |
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the aggregate of all qualified stated interest allocable to the accrual period. |
OID allocable to a final accrual period is the difference between the amount payable at
maturity, other than a payment of qualified stated interest, and the adjusted issue price at the
beginning of the final accrual period. Special rules will apply for calculating OID for an initial
short accrual period. The adjusted issue price of a debt security at the beginning of any accrual
period is equal to its issue price increased by the accrued OID for each prior accrual period,
determined without regard to the amortization of any acquisition or bond premium, as described
below, and reduced by any payments previously made on the debt security other than a payment of
qualified stated interest. Under these rules, you will generally have to include in income
increasingly greater amounts of OID in successive accrual periods. We are required to provide
information returns stating the amount of OID accrued on debt securities held by persons of record
other than corporations and other exempt holders.
Floating rate debt securities are subject to special OID rules. In the case of an OID debt
security that is a floating rate debt security, both the yield to maturity and qualified stated
interest will be determined solely for purposes of calculating the accrual of OID as though the
debt security will bear interest in all periods at a fixed rate generally equal to the rate that
would be applicable to interest payments on the debt security on its date of issue or, in the case
of certain floating rate debt securities, the rate that reflects the yield to maturity that is
reasonably expected for the debt security. Additional rules may apply if either:
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the interest on a floating rate debt security is based on more than one interest
index; or |
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the principal amount of the debt security is indexed in any manner. |
This discussion does not address the tax rules applicable to debt securities with an indexed
principal amount or other contingent payments, or debt securities that may be convertible into or
exchangeable for other securities. If you are considering the purchase of floating rate OID debt
securities, debt securities with indexed principal amounts or other contingent payments, or debt
securities that may be convertible into or exchangeable for other securities, you should carefully
examine the prospectus supplement or supplements relating to those debt securities, and should
consult your own tax advisors regarding the United States federal income tax consequences to you of
holding and disposing of those debt securities.
You may elect to treat all interest on any debt securities as OID and calculate the amount
includible in gross income under the constant yield method described above. For purposes of this
election, interest includes stated interest, acquisition discount, OID, de minimis OID, market
discount, de minimis market discount and unstated interest, as adjusted by any amortizable bond
premium or acquisition premium. You must make this election for the taxable year in which you
acquired the debt security, and you may not revoke the election without the consent of the IRS. If
this election were to be made with respect to a debt security with market discount, you would be
deemed to have made an election to currently include in income market discount with respect to all
other debt instruments having market discount that you acquire during the year of the election or
thereafter, as described below in Market Discount. Similarly, if you make this election for a
debt security that is acquired at a premium you will be deemed to have made an election to amortize
bond premium with respect to all debt instruments having amortizable bond premium that you own or
acquire during the year of the election or thereafter, as described below in Amortizable
Premium. You should consult with your own tax advisors about this election.
Market Discount. If you purchase a debt security for less than the stated redemption price of
the debt security at maturity, if the debt security was issued without OID, or the adjusted issue
price, if the debt security was issued with OID, the difference is considered market discount to
the extent it exceeds a specified de minimis exception. Under the de minimis exception, market
discount is treated as zero if the market discount is less than 1/4 of one percent of the stated
redemption price of the debt security multiplied by the number of complete years to maturity from
the date acquired. If you acquire a debt security at a market discount, you will be required to
treat as ordinary income any partial principal payment or gain recognized on the disposition of
that debt security to the extent of the market discount which has not previously been included in
your income and is treated as having accrued at the time
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of the payment or disposition. In addition, you may be required to defer the deduction of a
portion of the interest on any indebtedness incurred or maintained to purchase or carry the debt
security until the debt security is disposed of in a taxable transaction, unless you elect to
include market discount in income as it accrues.
Any market discount will be considered to accrue ratably during the period from the date of
acquisition to the maturity date of the debt security, unless you elect to accrue on a constant
interest method. You may elect to include market discount in income currently as it accrues on
either a ratable or constant interest method, in which case the rule described above regarding
deferral of interest deductions will not apply. This election to include market discount in income
currently, once made, applies to all market discount obligations acquired on or after the first
taxable year to which the election applies and may not be revoked without the consent of the IRS.
Amortizable Premium. If you purchase a debt security for an amount in excess of the sum of
all amounts payable on the debt security after the purchase date other than qualified stated
interest, you will be considered to have purchased the debt security with amortizable bond premium
equal to the amount of that excess. You generally may elect to amortize the premium using a
constant yield method over the remaining term of the debt security. The amount amortized in any
year will be treated as a reduction of your interest income from the debt security. If you do not
elect to amortize bond premium, that premium will decrease the gain or increase the loss you would
otherwise recognize on disposition of the debt security. This election to amortize premium on a
constant yield method will also apply to all debt obligations you hold or subsequently acquire on
or after the first taxable year to which the election applies and may not be revoked without the
consent of the IRS.
If you purchase OID debt securities for an amount that is greater than their adjusted issue
price but equal to or less than the sum of all amounts payable on the debt securities after the
purchase date other than payments of qualified stated interest, you will be considered to have
purchased those debt securities at an acquisition premium. Under the acquisition premium rules,
the amount of OID that you must include in gross income with respect to those debt securities for
any taxable year will be reduced by the portion of the acquisition premium properly allocable to
that year.
Sale, Exchange and Retirement of Debt Securities. Your tax basis in the debt securities that
you beneficially own will, in general, be your cost for those debt securities increased by OID and
market discount that you previously included in income, and reduced by any amortized premium and
any cash payments received with respect to that debt security other than payments of qualified
stated interest.
Upon your sale, exchange, retirement or other taxable disposition of the debt securities, you
will recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount you realize upon the sale,
exchange, retirement or other disposition (less an amount equal to any accrued and unpaid qualified
stated interest that will be taxable as interest for U.S. federal income tax purposes if not
previously taken into income ) and your adjusted tax basis in the debt securities. Except as
described above with respect to market discount with respect to gain or loss attributable to
changes in exchange rates as described below with respect to foreign currency debt securities, that
gain or loss will be capital gain or loss. Capital gains of individuals derived in respect of
capital assets held for more than one year are eligible for reduced rates of taxation. The
deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.
Extendible Debt Securities, Renewable Debt Securities and Reset Debt Securities. If so
specified in the prospectus supplement or supplements relating to the debt securities of a series,
we or you may have the option to extend the maturity of those debt securities. In addition, we may
have the option to reset the interest rate, the spread or the spread multiplier.
The United States federal income tax treatment of a debt security with respect to which such
an option has been exercised is unclear and will depend, in part, on the terms established for such
debt securities by us pursuant to the exercise of the option. You may be treated for federal income
tax purposes as having exchanged your debt securities for new debt securities with revised terms.
If this is the case, you would realize gain or loss equal to the difference between the issue price
of the new debt securities and your tax basis in the old debt securities.
If the exercise of the option is not treated as an exchange of old debt securities for new
debt securities, you will not recognize gain or loss as a result of such exchange.
The presence of such options may also affect the calculation of OID, among other things.
Solely for purposes of the accrual of OID, if we issue debt securities and have an option or
combination of options to extend the term of those debt securities, we will be presumed to exercise
such option or options in a manner that minimizes the yield on those debt securities. Conversely,
if you are
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treated as having a put option, such an option will be presumed to be exercised in a manner
that maximizes the yield on those debt securities. If we exercise such option or options to extend
the term of those debt securities, or your option to put does not occur (contrary to the
assumptions made), then solely for purposes of the accrual of OID, those debt securities will be
treated as reissued on the date of the change in circumstances for an amount equal to their
adjusted issue price on the date.
You should carefully examine the prospectus supplement or supplements relating to any such
debt securities, and should consult your own tax advisor regarding the United States federal income
tax consequences of the holding and disposition of such debt securities.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding. In general, information reporting requirements
will apply to certain payments of principal, premium, if any, redemption price, if any, OID, if
any, interest and other amounts paid to you on the debt securities and to the proceeds of sales of
the debt securities made to you unless you are an exempt recipient (such as a corporation). A
backup withholding tax may apply to such payments if you fail to provide a correct taxpayer
identification number or certification of foreign or other exempt status or fail to report in full
dividend and interest income.
Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules will be allowed as a refund or a
credit against your U.S. federal income tax liability provided the required information is timely
furnished to the IRS.
Non-U.S. Holders
The following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income and estate tax consequences
that generally will apply to you if you are a non-U.S. holder of debt securities.
U.S. Federal Withholding Tax. Under the portfolio interest rule, the 30% U.S. federal
withholding tax will not apply to any payment of interest, including OID, on the debt securities,
provided that:
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interest paid on the debt securities is not effectively connected with your
conduct of a trade or business in the United States; |
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you do not actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting
power of all classes of our voting stock within the meaning of Section 871(h)(3) of
the Code and related U.S. Treasury regulations; |
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you are not a controlled foreign corporation that is related to us through stock
ownership; |
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you are not a bank whose receipt of interest on the debt securities is described
in Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code; |
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the interest is not considered contingent interest under Section 871(h)(4)(A) of
the Code and the related U.S. Treasury regulations; and |
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you provide your name and address on an IRS Form W-8BEN (or successor form), and
certify, under penalty of perjury, that you are not a U.S. person or (2) you hold
your debt securities through certain foreign intermediaries, and you satisfy the
certification requirements of applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. Special
certification rules apply to certain non-U.S. holders that are pass-through entities
rather than corporations or individuals. |
If you cannot satisfy the requirements described above, interest, including OID, made to you
will be subject to the 30% U.S. federal withholding tax (which will be deducted from such interest
payments by the paying agent), unless you provide us with a properly executed:
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IRS Form W-8BEN (or successor form) claiming an exemption from or reduction in the
rate of withholding under the benefit of an applicable tax treaty; or |
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IRS Form W-8ECI (or successor form) stating that interest paid on the debt
securities is not subject to withholding tax because it is effectively connected with
your conduct of a trade or business in the United States as discussed below. |
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Special certification rules apply to certain non-U.S. holders that are pass-through entities
rather than corporations or individuals. The 30% U.S. federal withholding tax generally will not
apply to any payment of principal or gain that you realize on the sale, exchange, retirement or
other taxable disposition of any of the debt securities.
U.S. Federal Income Tax. If you are engaged in a trade or business in the United States and
premium, if any, and interest, including OID, on the debt securities is effectively connected with
the conduct of that trade or business, you will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on that
premium, if any, and interest, including OID, on a net income basis (although you will be exempt
from the 30% withholding tax, provided the certification requirements discussed above are
satisfied) in the same manner as if you were a U.S. person as defined in the Code. In addition, if
you are a foreign corporation, you may be subject to a branch profits tax equal to 30% (or lower
applicable treaty rate) of your earnings and profits for the taxable year, subject to adjustments,
that are effectively connected with the conduct by you of a trade or business in the United States.
For this purpose, premium, if any, and interest, including OID, on debt securities will be included
in your earnings and profits.
Any gain realized on the disposition of debt securities generally will not be subject to U.S.
federal income tax unless:
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that gain is effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in the
United States and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, is attributable to
a U.S. permanent establishment; or |
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you are an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in
the taxable year of that disposition and certain other conditions are met. |
U.S. Federal Estate Tax. Your estate will not be subject to U.S. federal estate tax on the
debt securities beneficially owned by you at the time of your death, provided that any payment to
you on the debt securities, including OID, would be eligible for exemption from the 30% U.S.
federal withholding tax under the portfolio interest rule described above under U.S. Federal
Withholding Tax, without regard to the certification requirement described in the fifth bullet
point of that section.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding. Generally, we must report to the IRS and to you
the amount of interest, including OID, on the debt securities paid to you and the amount of tax, if
any, withheld with respect to such payments. Copies of the information returns reporting such
interest payments and any withholding may also be made available to the tax authorities in the
country in which you reside under the provisions of an applicable income tax treaty.
In general, backup withholding will not apply to payments that we make or any of our paying
agents (in its capacity as such) makes to you if you have provided the required certification that
you are a non-U.S. holder as described above and provided that neither we nor any of our paying
agents has actual knowledge or reason to know that you are a U.S. holder (as described above).
In addition, you will not be subject to backup withholding and information reporting with
respect to the proceeds of the sale of debt securities within the United States or conducted
through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries, if the payor receives the certification
described above and does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that you are a U.S. person, as
defined under the Code, or you otherwise establish an exemption.
Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules will be allowed as a refund or a
credit against your U.S. federal income tax liability provided the required information is timely
furnished to the IRS.
State and Local Taxes
We and/or you may be subject to state and local tax in various states and localities,
including those states and localities in which we or you transact business, own property, or
reside. The state and local tax treatment in such jurisdictions may differ from the federal income
tax treatment described above. Consequently, you should consult your own tax advisor regarding the
effect of state and local tax laws upon an investment in our securities.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We may sell our securities domestically or abroad, through underwriters, dealers or agents, or
directly, or through any combination of those methods. The applicable prospectus supplement will
describe the terms of the offering that it applies to, including the names of any underwriters,
dealers or agents, the purchase price for our securities, and the proceeds we expect to
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receive. It will also include any delayed delivery arrangements, any underwriting discounts
and other items constituting underwriters compensation, the initial public offering price, any
discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers, and a list of any securities
exchanges on which the securities offered may be listed.
If we use underwriters in any sale, our securities will be purchased by the underwriters or
dealers for their own account and may be resold from time to time in one or more transactions,
including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined
at the time of sale. Our securities may be offered to the public either through underwriting
syndicates represented by one or more managing underwriters or directly by one or more firms acting
as underwriters. The underwriters with respect to a particular underwritten offering will be named
in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to that offering. If an underwriting syndicate is
used, the managing underwriter or underwriters will be disclosed on the cover of the applicable
prospectus supplement. Generally, the obligations of the underwriters or agents to purchase the
securities that we offer will be subject to conditions precedent, and the underwriters will have to
purchase all of the offered securities if any are purchased. The initial public offering price and
any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to
time. In no event will the maximum commission or discount to be received by any NASD member or
independent broker-dealer exceed 8% for the sale of the securities registered hereunder.
If we use dealers to sell our securities, we will sell our securities to the dealers as
principals. The dealers may then resell our securities to the public at varying prices that they
determine at the time of resale. We will disclose the names of the dealers and the terms of the
transaction in the applicable prospectus supplement.
We may sell the securities through agents that we designate from time to time at fixed prices
that may be changed, or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. We will name any agent
involved in the offer or sale of our securities and specify any commissions that we will pay them.
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, any agent will be acting on a
best efforts basis for the period of its appointment.
Underwriters or agents may be paid by us or by purchasers of our securities for whom they act
as agents in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions. Underwriters, agents and dealers
participating in the distribution of our securities may all be deemed to be underwriters, and any
discounts or commissions that they receive, as well as profit they receive on the resale of our
securities, may be deemed to be underwriting discounts or commissions under the Securities Act of
1933.
A prospectus supplement may indicate that we will authorize agents, underwriters or dealers to
solicit from specified types of institutions offers to purchase our securities at the public
offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts
permitting payment and delivery on a specified future date. The prospectus supplement will describe
conditions of any delayed delivery contracts, as well as the commission we will pay for
solicitation of these contracts.
Some or all of the securities that we offer though this prospectus may be new issues of
securities with no established trading market. Any underwriters to whom we sell our securities for
public offering and sale may make a market in those securities, but they will not be obligated to
and they may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. Accordingly, we cannot
assure you of the liquidity of, or continued trading markets for, any securities that we offer.
In order to facilitate the offering of our securities, any underwriters or agents involved in
the offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of
our securities, or other securities that affect payments on our securities. Specifically, the
underwriters or agents may overallot in connection with the offering, creating a short position for
their own account. In addition, to cover overallotments or to stabilize the price of our
securities, or other securities that affect payments on our securities, the underwriters or agents
may bid for and purchase the securities in the open market. In any offering of our securities
through a syndicate of underwriters, the underwriting syndicate may reclaim selling concessions
allowed to an underwriter or dealer for distributing our securities if the syndicate repurchases
previously distributed securities in transactions to cover syndicate short positions, in
stabilizing transactions or otherwise. Any of these activities may stabilize or maintain the market
price of our securities above independent market levels. The underwriters or agents are not
required to engage in these activities, and may end any of these activities at any time.
Agents, dealers and underwriters may be entitled to be indemnified by us against specified
civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, or to contribution with
respect to payments that they may be required to make.
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Any underwriters, dealers or agents that we use, as well as their affiliates, may engage in
transactions with us or perform services for us in the ordinary course of business.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements of Capstead Mortgage Corporation appearing in Capstead
Mortgage Corporations Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2007, and the
effectiveness of Capstead Mortgage Corporations internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2007, have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting
firm, as set forth in their reports thereon, included therein, and incorporated herein by
reference. Such consolidated financial statements are incorporated herein by reference in reliance
upon such reports given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters in connection with this offering will be passed upon for us by Andrews
Kurth LLP, Dallas, Texas. In addition, the description of federal income tax consequences contained
in the section of the prospectus entitled Federal Income Tax Consequences of Our Status as a REIT
is based on the opinion of Andrews Kurth LLP. Certain Maryland law matters in connection with this
offering will be passed upon for us by Hogan & Hartson LLP, Baltimore, Maryland. Andrews Kurth LLP
will rely on the opinion of Hogan & Hartson LLP, Baltimore, Maryland as to all matters of Maryland
law.
41
You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus
supplement or the accompanying prospectus. We have not, and the underwriters have not, authorized
anyone to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different of
inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to
buy, shares of our common stock only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. You
should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying
prospectus, as well as information we previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
and incorporated by reference, is only accurate as of their respective dates. Our business,
financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Prospectus Supplement
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S-2 |
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S-3 |
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S-3 |
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S-3 |
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S-4 |
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S-4 |
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S-4 |
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S-5 |
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Prospectus |
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About This Prospectus |
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ii |
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Where You Can Find More Information |
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ii |
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Incorporation of Information by Reference |
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ii |
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A Warning About Forward-Looking Statements |
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iii |
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Our Company |
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1 |
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Risk Factors |
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1 |
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Use of Proceeds |
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1 |
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Ratio of Income From Continuing Operations (Before Fixed Charges)
to Combined Fixed Charges and Preferred Stock Dividends |
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1 |
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Description of Our Capital Stock |
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1 |
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Description of Our Common Stock |
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2 |
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Description of Our Preferred Stock |
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3 |
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Description of Our Debt Securities |
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Description of Our Warrants |
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14 |
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Book-Entry Securities |
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15 |
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Material Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter
and Bylaws |
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Federal Income Tax Consequences of Our Status as a REIT |
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19 |
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Plan of Distribution |
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39 |
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Experts |
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41 |
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Legal Matters |
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41 |
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Capstead Mortgage
Corporation
7,672,000 Shares
Common Stock
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
February 12, 2009