KBRA releases research examining the evolution of creditor composition in emerging market sovereign debt.

Multilateral finance has remained a key source of funding across all emerging market (EM) regions despite major shifts in sovereign creditor profiles over the past three decades. KBRA analyzes trends in creditor finance to EM sovereigns from 1990-2024 using World Bank long-term external public debt data across four regions—Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America—based on a sample of countries.

Key Takeaways

• The share of multilateral debt has remained broadly stable over time, largely due to multilateral development banks’ (MDB) countercyclical role.
• The share of bilateral debt has declined, supplanted by the growth in bond market financing. However, Chinese bilateral lending surged in the 2000s, with a large share may not be captured by official statistics.
• Bond-based debt has increased due to improved EM fundamentals and greater financial globalization.
• Regional trends differ materially, with Latin America showing the strongest shift toward bond-based financing, while Europe stands out for the continued importance of MDB debt, as well as the expansion of those institutions.

Click here to view the report.

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About KBRA

KBRA, one of the major credit rating agencies, is registered in the U.S., EU, and the UK. KBRA is recognized as a Qualified Rating Agency in Taiwan, and is also a Designated Rating Organization for structured finance ratings in Canada. As a full-service credit rating agency, investors can use KBRA ratings for regulatory capital purposes in multiple jurisdictions.

Doc ID: 1015267

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